Designation: A 47/A 47M – 99 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Specification for
Ferritic Malleable Iron Castings 1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 47/A 47M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis revision. ion. A number in parentheses parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Sco Scope pe 2
1.1 This specificati specification on cover coverss ferriti ferriticc malleab malleable le casting castingss for general engineering usage at temperatures from normal ambient to approximately 400°C (750°F). 1.2 No pre precise cise quantitat quantitative ive rela relatio tionsh nship ip can be stat stated ed between the properties of the iron in various locations of the same casting and those of a test specimen cast from the same iron (see Appendix (see Appendix X1). X1 ). 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exa exact ct equ equiva ivalen lents; ts; the theref refore ore,, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 2. Referenc Referenced ed Documents Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards:3 A 153/A 153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware A 247 Test Test Met Method hod for Eva Evalua luating ting the Mic Micros rostru tructu cture re of Graphite in Iron Castings A 644 Terminology Relating to Iron Castings E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials E 10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials E 18 Test Met Method hodss for Roc Rockwe kwell ll Har Hardne dness ss of Met Metalli allicc Materials E 140 Hardness Conversion Tables for for Metals Relationship Among Amo ng Brin Brinell ell Har Hardne dness, ss, Vick ickers ers Har Hardne dness, ss, Roc Rockwe kwell ll 1
This specification specification is under the jurisd jurisdictio iction n of ASTM Committee A04 Committee A04 on Iron Castings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.02 Subcommittee A04.02 on on Malleable and Ductile Iron Castings. Current Curre nt editio edition n appro approved ved May 1, 2009. Published Published August 2009. Originally Originally approved approv ed in 1984. Last previo previous us editio edition n appro approved ved in 2004 as A 47/A 47/A 47M 47M – 99 (2004). 2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-47 in Section II of that code. 3 For refere referenced nced ASTM stand standards, ards, visit the ASTM websi website, te, www www.astm .astm.org .org,, or contact ASTM Customer Service at
[email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Hardness, Hardne ss, Sup Superfi erficial cial Har Hardne dness, ss, Kno Knoop op Har Hardne dness, ss, and Scleroscope Hardness 2.2 Military Standard: Standard:4 MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage 2.3 Federal Standard: Standard:4 Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Domestic Shipment (Civilian Agencies) 3. Terminology 3.1 Definitions—De —Defini finition tionss for man many y ter terms ms com common mon to iron are found in Terminology A 644. 4. Class Classifica ification tion 4.1 Casting Castingss ordered and prod produced uced under this specification are classified classified under the fol follow lowing ing grades grades bas based ed on tes tests ts on separa sep arately tely cast tes testt bar bars. s. Sep Separa arately tely cast test bars sha shall ll be poured from the same lot of iron as the castings they represent and shall be heat treated with those castings except as provided in 7.2.3 in 7.2.3.. 4.1.1 Grade 32510 [Grade 22010] : 4.1.1.1 4.1.1 .1 The first three digits of the grade designation designation indiindicate the minimum yield strength (3100 psi [MPa]) and the last two digits indicate the minimum elongation (% in 2 in. [50 mm]). 5. Order Ordering ing Information Information 5.1 Th 5.1 Thee pu purc rcha hase se or orde derr fo forr ca casti sting ngss or orde dere red d un unde derr th this is specification shall state the specification designation, the year in wh whic ich h th thee sp spec ecifi ifica cati tion on wa wass is issu sued ed,, an and d th thee gr grad adee of malleable iron to be supplied. Any option or special additions to the basic requirements of this specification shall be clearly and fully stipulated. 6. Chem Chemical ical Compositio Composition n 6.1 The chemical chemical composition composition of the iron shall shall be such as to produce the structural and mechanical properties required by this specification.
4
Availab vailable le from Stand Standardiza ardization tion Docum Documents ents Order Desk, DODSSP, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. --`,`,,,``,``,,`,``,``,,`,,,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Copyright ASTM International Provided by IHS under license with ASTM No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
1Licensee=ESSO Licensee=ESSO Standards Oil SA Ltd/5985526001, User=REFINERY, RASA Not for Resale, 04/17/2012 09:42:54 MDT
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
A 47/A 47M – 99 (2009) 7. Mechanical Propertie Propertiess 7.1 Factor Factorss influencing the properties properties of castings and their relat re latio ions nshi hip p to th thos osee of te test st sp spec ecim imen enss an and d se sepa para rate te tes testt castings are discussed in Appendix in Appendix X1. X1 . 7.2 Tension Test Specimens: 7.2.1 7.2 .1 The tension tension test spe specim cimens ens shall be cast to the form and dimensions shown in Fig. in Fig. 1 or 1 or Fig. 2, 2, in the same kind of moldin mol ding g mate materia riall use used d for the pro produc duction tion cas castin tings. gs. At leas leastt three such specimens shall be cast from a representative ladle of iron either from each batch-melted heat or, in continuous melting, from each 4-h pour period during which the purchaser’s er ’s ca casti sting ngss we were re po pour ured ed,, or as ot othe herw rwis isee ag agre reed ed up upon on between manufacturer and purchaser. 7.2.2 All test specimens specimens shall be suitably identified identified with the designation of either the batch-melted heat or the pour period of a continuous heat. 7.2.3 7.2 .3 All test spe specime cimens ns shall be hea heatt trea treated ted in the same production furnaces and in the same cycles as the castings they repres rep resent ent.. How Howeve ever, r, in tho those se ins instan tances ces whe wherei rein n the crit critical ical sections of the production castings differ appreciably from that of the central portion of the test specimens, the time cycle for tempering the test specimens may be altered from that of the produc pro ductio tion n lot in ord order er to obt obtain ain sim similar ilar mic micros rostru tructur ctures es or hardness, or both, in both specimen and castings. In such cases the har hardne dness ss of the specimens specimens shall be test tested ed and reported reported along with the tensile test results. 7.2.4 The tension test is usuall usually y performed on unmachined unmachined specimens. However, for referee work, the specimen may be machined from the standard cast bar to the dimensions shown in Fig. in Fig. 3. 3. 7.3 Tension Test Method : 7.3.1 The gage length of of the standard tension specimen shall be 2.00 6 0.01 in. [50.0 6 0.3 mm]. 7.3.2 The diameter used to compute the cross-sectional cross-sectional area shall be the average between the largest and smallest diameters in that section of the 2-in. [50-mm] gage length having the smallest diameter and shall be measured to the nearest 0.001 in. [0.2 mm]. No cast bar having a mean diameter less than 0.590 in. [15.0 mm] shall be accepted for test. 7.3.3 7.3 .3 Aft After er rea reachin ching g a str stress ess equ equiva ivalen lentt to app approx roximat imately ely half of the anticipated yield stress, the speed of the moving head of the testing machine machine shall not exceed 0.50 in./min [12.5 mm/min] through the breaking load. 7.3.4 While the values for yield yield point and yield strength strength are not identical, they are sufficiently close for most applications of ferritic malleable irons to be used interchangeably. They may be determined by any of the approved techniques described in the paragraphs on Determination of Yield Strength and Yield Point of Test Methods E Methods E 8. 8. If If determined as yield strength, that
NOTE 1—Mod 1—Modific ificati ations ons may be mad madee in the dim dimens ension ionss ind indicat icated ed above for those details of the specimen outside of the gage length as required requir ed by testin testing g proced procedure ure and equipment. FIG. 2 Alternative Unmachined Tension Test Specimen
NOTE 1—The gage length and fillets shall be as shown, but the ends may be of any shape to fit the holders of the testing machine in such a way that the load shall be axial. The reduced section shall have a gradual taper from the ends toward the center, with the ends 0.003 to 0.005 in. [0.08 to 0.13 mm] larger in diameter than the center. FIG. 3 Machined Tension Test Specimen
stress producing an extension under load of 0.01 in. [0.25 mm] over ov er th thee 22-in in.. [5 [500-mm mm]] ga gage ge le leng ngth th (f (for or ex exam ampl ple, e, 0. 0.5 5% extension) or an offset of 0.2 % shall be taken as the yield stress, which shall be converted to yield strength by dividing by the original cross-sectional area of the gage length found in accordance accord ance with with 7.3.2 7.3.2.. It shall be reported to the nearest 100 psi [MPa]. In referee work, yield strength shall be determined as the stress that produces an extension under load of 0.5 % of the gage length. 7.3. 7. 3.5 5 The te tens nsile ile st stre reng ngth th sh shal alll be th thee max maximu imum m lo load ad carried by the specimen during the test divided by the original cross-sectio cross -sectional nal area of the gage length, as found in accordance with 7.3.2 with 7.3.2.. It shall be reported to the nearest 100 psi [MPa]. 7.3.6 7.3 .6 The elongatio elongation n is the increase increase in gag gagee len length gth after fracture of a tensile specimen, measured to the nearest 0.01 in.
` , , ` , ` , , ` , , ` ` -
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
A 47/A 47M – 99 (2009) [0.25 mm] [0.25 mm],, exp expres ressed sed as a per percen centag tagee of the original original gag gagee length. It shall be reported to the nearest 0.5 %. 7.4 Retesting: 7.4. 7. 4.1 1 If If,, af afte terr te testi sting ng,, a sp spec ecime imen n sh show owss ev evid iden ence ce of a defect, def ect, another another ten tensio sion n test may be mad madee on a com compan panion ion specimen. Also, a retest shall be permitted whenever fracture occurs outside the central 50 % of the gage length. 7.4. 7. 4.2 2 If the re resu sults lts of a va valid lid test test fa fail il to co conf nfor orm m to th thee requirements of this specification, two retests shall be made. If either retest fails to meet the specification, the castings represented by these test specimens shall be rejected. A valid test is one wherein the test specimen has been properly prepared and appears to be sound and on which the approved test procedure has been followed. 7.4.3 If sufficient sufficient companion companion test bars are unavailable, unavailable, the manufacturer shall have the option of testing a specimen cut from a representative casting. Therefore, as stated in X1.3 in X1.3,, the mechanical properties of such tension test specimen removed from a production casting will not necessarily correspond to those of a standard separately cast test specimen, the values in Table 1 do 1 do not apply. Instead, the mechanical properties of the testt sp tes spec ecime imen n fr from om th thee cas castin ting g mu must st eq equa uall or ex excee ceed d th thee average of those from similar test specimens removed from the same location location fro from m two castings castings of the same des design ign where separately cast test bars meet the requirements of Table Table 1. 1. 7.4.4 If the first test result resultss indicate that a reheat treatment treatment is ne need eded ed to me meet et th thee te test st re requ quir ireme ement nts, s, th thee en entir tiree lo lott of castings and the representative test specimens shall be reheat treated together. Testing shall then be repeated in accordance with 7.4.1-7.4.3 with 7.4.1-7.4.3.. 7.4. 7. 4.5 5 Th Thee re resu sults lts of all tes tests ts,, in inclu cludi ding ng re rete tests sts,, sh shall all be posted in permanent record, which shall state any abnormalities observed during the test and in the fractured ends. Such records shall be kept for at least 1 year after shipment of the production castings and shall be available for examination by the purchaser or by his authorized representative. 7.4.6 7.4 .6 If not covered covered in the pur purcha chase se agr agreem eement ent,, the fre fre-quency of tension testing shall be in accordance accordance with with 7.2.1 7.2.1 and and sufficiently often to ensure uniformity of product and compliance with minimum test requirements. 7.4.7 Tension test results, obtained obtained in accord accordance ance with the above subsections, must conform to the values of Table of Table 1 for acceptance under this specification except as provided in 7.4.3 in 7.4.3.. 7.4.8 7.4 .8 Whe When n agr agreed eed upo upon n bet betwee ween n man manufa ufactu cturer rer and pur pur-chaser, tested specimens or unbroken test bars shall be preserved by the manufacturer for a period of three months after the date of the test report. 7.5 Hardness —If the pur purcha chase se agr agreem eement ent req requir uires es Hardness Test —If hardness testing, the acceptable hardness range shall be stated and a test location clearly shown on the covering drawing(s). TABLE TA BLE 1 Tension Test Test Requirements
7.5.1 Hardness Test Method —The —The Brinell method of hardnesss tes nes testing ting in acco accorda rdance nce with Test Test Met Method hod E 10 shall shall be employed whenever possible. 7.5.2 For castings castings of such size or shape that do not permit Brinell testing with the standard 3000-kgf load, the 500 kgf may be employed, the hardness number being reported as HB 10/500/15. In very unusual cases where it is impossible to use the Brinell method, the Rockwell test may be substituted, using Test Methods E 18 with an appropriate Rockwell scale. Convers ve rsio ions ns of ha hard rdne ness ss va valu lues es fr from om on onee me meth thod od to an anot othe herr according to Hardness Conversion Tables E 140, which does not spe specific cifically ally cov cover er cast iro irons, ns, are app approx roximat imatee onl only y and and,, therefore, theref ore, are gener generally ally inadvi inadvisable. sable. 7.5.3 7.5 .3 Suf Suffficie icient nt mate materia riall sha shall ll be rem remove oved d fro from m the cas castt surface to ensure that the measured surface is representative. 7.5.4 Sampli Sampling ng procedures procedures and the frequ frequency ency of hardn hardness ess testing test ing sha shall ll be ful fully ly deta detailed iled on the pur purcha chase se agr agreem eement. ent. Otherwise, hardness tests shall be performed at the discretion of the producer. 7.5.5 Casting Castingss failing to confo conform rm to the required hardness hardness range may be reheat treated and retested. If after reheat treating they still fail the hardness requirements, they shall be rejected. 7.5.6 7.5 .6 Typi ypical cal har hardne dness ss max maximu imums ms for thi thiss gra grade de of mal mal-leable iron are listed in Table in Table 2. 2. 8. Microstruc Microstructure ture Requirements Requirements 8.1 The microstructur microstructuree of the malleable iron shall consist consist of temper carbon nodules distributed through a ferritic matrix and shall sh all be fr free ee of ex exces cessi sive ve pe pear arlit lite, e, ma mass ssiv ivee ca carb rbid ides es,, an and d primary graphite. 8.2 When agreed upon by the purch purchaser aser and producer, producer, the maximu max imum m dec decarb arburi urizati zation on at any asas-cas castt sur surfac facee aft after er hea heatt treatment may be stipulated in writing, as measured by visual depletion of combined carbon after polishing, etching in nital, and viewing at 100 3. 8.3 In reference work, the metallographic metallographic practice recommended in Test Method A Method A 247 shall be followed. 9. Soundness Requirements Requirements 9.1 All castings, castings, on visual examination, examination, shall be sound and free of obvious shrinkage and porosity. 9.2 9. 2 If th thee pu purc rcha haser ser re requ quir ires es so soun undn dness ess tes tests ts to be pe perrformed, it shall be so stated in the purchase agreement, and the method and soundness requirements shall be detailed. 10. Dimensional Requireme Requirements nts 10.1 The castings castings shall conform to the dimensions dimensions given on drawings drawin gs fur furnis nished hed by the pur purcha chaser ser,, or to the dim dimens ension ionss established by the pattern equipment supplied by the purchaser, or as agreed upon in specific cases to gages supplied by the purchaser. Variations in any solid dimensions will be permitted,
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
A 47/A 47M – 99 (2009) TABLE 3 Permis Permissible sible Variation Variation in Any Solid Dimension S i z e , i n . [m m ]
6 12 18 24
Up to 1 [up to 25] 1 to 6 [2 5 to 1 5 0 ] to 1 2 [1 5 1 to 3 0 0 ] to 1 8 [ 3 0 1 to 4 6 0 ] to 2 4 [ 4 6 1 to 6 0 0 ] to 3 6 [ 6 0 1 to 9 0 0 ]
Tolerance, 6 in. [mm] 0 .0 3 0 .0 6 0 .1 2 0. 15 0. 19 0. 22
[ 0. 8] [1 .6 ] [ 3. 2] [3 .8 ] [4 .8 ] [5 .6 ]
specification, the castings shall be acceptable; if they do not, they shall be rejected. 13.2 13. 2 If the pur purcha chaser ser should should find tha thatt a cast casting ing or lot of castings fails to comply with this specification subsequent to receip rec eiptt at his fac facilit ility y, he sha shall ll so not notify ify the man manufa ufactu cturer rer promptly and in no case later than six weeks after receipt of the shipme shi pment, nt, stat stating ing clearly his bas basis is for rejection rejection.. In case of dissatisfactio dissati sfaction n with the purch purchaser’ aser’ss claim, the manuf manufacture acturerr may apply for a hearing before final rejection of the shipment.
11. Wor Workmanship, kmanship, Finish and Appearance
14. Certificatio Certification n
11.1 The surface of the casting shall be inspected visually 11.1 visually,, particularly particu larly in critica criticall areas, for such surface defects as cracks cracks,, hot tears, adhering sand and scale, cold shuts, and gas holes. 11.2 No repairing, plugging, or welding of any kind shall be permitt per mitted ed unl unless ess wri written tten permissio permission n is gra grante nted d by the pur pur-chaser. 11.3 11 .3 Casting Castingss that have been repair repaired ed by welding shall be rean re anne neale aled d so th that at th thei eirr mic micro rostr struc uctu ture re wi will ll co comp mply ly wi with th Section 8 Section 8..
14.1 When specified specified by the purch purchaser’s aser’s order order or contract, a manufacturer’s certification or compliance statement that the casti ca sting ng or lo lott of cas castin tings gs wa wass ma made de,, sa samp mpled led,, tes teste ted, d, an and d inspec ins pected ted in acco accorda rdance nce with thi thiss spe specific cificatio ation, n, inc includ luding ing a report rep ort of test results results sig signed ned by an aut author horized ized agent agent of the manufacturer, shall be furnished at the time of shipment, and such certification or compliance statement shall be the basis for acceptance of the casting or lot of castings.
12. Responsibility for for Inspection
15.1 When the size of the casting permits, permits, each casting casting shall bear the identifying mark of the manufacturer and the part or pattern number at a location shown on the covering drawing and, if not shown on the drawing, at such a location at the disc di scre retio tion n of th thee pr prod oduc ucer er th that at th thee id iden enti tific ficati ation on wi will ll no nott interfere with subsequent processing and service of the casting.
12.1 Unless otherwise otherwise specified in the contr contract act or purch purchase ase order, the manufacturer shall be responsible for carrying out all the tests and inspections required by this specification, using hiss ow hi own n or ot othe herr re relia liabl blee fa facil ciliti ities es,, an and d he sh shall all ma main inta tain in complete records of all such tests and inspections. Such records shall be available for review by the purchaser. 12.2 The purchaser reserves the right to perform any inspection set forth in the specification where such inspections are deemed necessary to ensure that supplies and services conform to the prescribed requirements. 13. Reje Rejectio ction n and Rehearing Rehearing 13.1 Any casting 13.1 casting or lot of cas casting tingss fai failing ling to com comply ply with the requirements of this specification may, where possible, be reprocessed, retested, and reinspected. If the tests and inspections on the reprocessed casting(s) show compliance with this
15. Pro Product duct Marking Marking
16. Pack Packagin aging g and Pack Package age Marking Marking 16.1 Unl 16.1 Unless ess oth otherw erwise ise stat stated ed in the contract contract or ord order er,, the cleaning, preservation, and packing of castings for shipment shall sha ll be in acco accorda rdance nce with the man manufa ufactu cturer rer’s ’s com commer mercial cial practic pra ctice. e. Pack Packagin aging g and marking marking sha shall ll also be ade adequa quate te to identify the contents and to ensure acceptance and safe delivery by the carrier for the mode of transportation employed. 16.2 U.S. Government Procurement —When —When specified in the contract or purchase order, marking for shipment shall be in accordance with the requirements of of Fed. Std. No. 123 and MIL-STD-129.
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
S1.1 If agreed upon in writing writing by the foundry and purchaser, purchaser, the malleable iron castings may be required to meet special condit con dition ions, s, har hardne dness ss or oth other er pro proper perty ty dim dimens ension ions, s, sur surfac facee quality, or a combination of conditions.
near each end such as not to interfere with any subsequent processing of the castings. The purchase order shall stipulate whether the foundry’s inspector or the purchaser’s inspector shall break, inspect, and pass judgment on the fracture quality of these test lugs.
S2. Test Lugs
S3. Destructive Tests Tests
S2.1 If requested requested in writing or if includ included ed on the pattern(s) or pattern drawing(s), test lugs may be cast on all castings of
S3.1 At the option of the purchaser purchaser or his representative, representative, a casting of each design ordered may be tested to destruction, or
S1. Spec Special ial Conditions Conditions
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
A 47/A 47M – 99 (2009) S4.1 If tension specimens specimens are to be machined from castings, castings, their location in the casting, the specimen dimensions, and the requir req uired ed pro proper perties ties shall be agr agreed eed upon in wri writing ting by the foundry and purchaser.
subsequently heat treated so as to be immunized against such embrit emb rittlem tlement. ent. If reg regalv alvani anizin zing g is req requir uired, ed, pro proced cedure uress for regalvanizing castings and determining the effect on the casting performance must be agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.
S5. Zinc Zinc-Coa -Coated ted Castings Castings
S6. Marking of Casting for Government Government Procurement Procurement
S5.1 Wh S5.1 When en sp spec ecifie ified d in th thee co cont ntra ract ct or pu purc rcha hase se or orde derr, castings shall be zinc-coated by the hot-dip process in accordance with Specification A 153. Castings shall be of a composition siti on tha thatt will pre preclu clude de the pos possib sibilit ility y of gal galvan vanizin izing g embritt br ittlem lemen ent, t, or sh shall all be ei eith ther er co cool oled ed fr from om th thee an anne neal al or
S6.1 When castings are specified for gover government nment procureprocurement, the location of the permanent markings specified in 15.1 15.1,, as wel welll as any special special mar markin king g for mechanic mechanical al or phy physic sical al properties (either permanent or temporary), shall be as indicated on the government drawings or sketches.
S4. Special Tension Tension Specimens
` , ` , , , ` ` , ` ` , , ` , ` ` , ` ` , , ` , , , , ` , ` ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` -
APPENDIX (Nonmandatory Information) X1. MECHANICA MECHANICAL L PROPERTIES PROPERTIES OF CASTINGS
X1.1 The mechanical mechanical properties properties of malleable malleable iron castings castings are influenced by a number of factors, including the cooling rate dur during ing sol solidifi idificati cation, on, che chemic mical al com compos positio ition, n, the hea heatt treatment, the design of the casting, section thickness, and the location and effectiveness of gates, risers, and chills. X1.2 Beca X1.2 Because use of the complex complexity ity of these factor factorss in infl influuencing the properties of the final product, no precise quantitative relationship can be stated between the properties of the iron in various locations of the same casting or between the properties of a casting and those of a test specimen cast from the same iron. When such a relationship is important and must be known for a specific application, it may be determined by appropriate experimentation. X1.3 The specime specimen n specified specified in in 7.2.1 7.2.1 as as the standard tensile 5 test bar for malleable iron has a ⁄ 8-in. [16-mm] diameter test section sect ion tha thatt rea reason sonabl ably y rep repres resent entss a typ typical ical sect section ion of the generall run of malleab genera malleable le iron castings. Furthermore, Furthermore, the initial freezin fre ezing g of mall malleab eable le iro irons ns as hom homoge ogeneo neous us whi white te iro iron, n, to-
gether with the heat treatment that is inherent in the manufacture of malleable iron, tends to reduce the section-sensitivity effect. Therefore, where experimentation into precise properties within a given casting would be infeasible, this standard testt ba tes barr, ma made de lik likee an any y ty typi pical cal ca casti sting ng,, sh shou ould ld pr prov ovid idee a practical approximation of the properties that can be expected in average sound malleable iron casting. X1.4 If malleable malleable iron castings castings are welded, welded, the microstrucmicrostructure of th ture thee ir iron on is mar marke kedl dly y af affe fect cted ed,, pa part rticu icula larl rly y in th thee heat-affected zone. Therefore, since this may adversely affect the pro proper perties ties of the cast casting ing,, the wel weldin ding g of mall malleab eable le iro iron n casting cas tingss sho should uld be don donee und under er str strict ict met metallu allurg rgical ical con contro trol, l, followed by appropriate post-weld heat treatment, to minimize the substantial reductions in ductility, impact resistance, and machinability that could result, particularly in the vicinity of the weldment. Nevertheless, it is generally considered inadvisable to join castings to similar castings or to other materials, by fusion welding out in the field, or in manufactured assemblies, without fully testing the entire completed part.
ASTM International International takes no positi position on respecting the validi validity ty of any patent rights assert asserted ed in connec connection tion with any item mentio mentioned ned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility. This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible respon sible technical technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not receiv received ed a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below. This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above addr 610-832610832-9585 9585 (pho (phone), ne), 610610-832832-9555 9555 (fax (fax), ), ice@ (e-mail) (e-m ail) through thro ugh the ASTM webs website ite
