ASAS KESELAMATAN DAN KESIHATAN PEKERJA
TRAINER’S PROFILE • MOHD MOHD ZAKU ZAKUAN AN BI BIN N AHA AHAMA MAD D • PEKE PEKERJ RJAA AAN N : KA KAUNSE UNSELO LOR R& TENAGA PENGAJAR PROGRAM PENGURUSAN (ED & SIJIL) • LULU LULUSA SAN N UTM UTM (D (DIP IP)) & UNI UNI WAL WALES ES U.K (BBA)
OBKJEKTIF • • • • • • • • • • •
Pengenalan Akta Keselamatan & kesihatan pekerja (1994) Keselamatan di pejabat Kem emaalang langaan di di tem temppat ke kerj rjaa Safe Safety ty Rule Ruless and and Reg Regul ulat atio ions ns in the the sho shopp and and factory Safe Safety ty Rules Rules and and Re Regu gula lati tion onss on on the the Job Job Personnel Safety Rules Safety in the Factory Care Care When When Usin Usingg Hand Hand Tool Toolss Power Leads Personnel Safety
PENGENALAN • “Kes “Kesel elam amat atan an & ke kesi siha hata tann peker pekerjaa jaann merupakan aktiviti pengurusan sumber manusia yang penting berperanan untuk memberi perlindungan kepada pekerja daripada kecederaan dan kemalangan semasa menjalankan kerja.”
DEFINISI • KESE KESELA LAMA MATA TAN N = keb kebeb ebas asan an dar darii kemalangan dan kecederaan serta kawalan kehilangan atau kerugian yang berpunca daripada kemalangan. •
• KESI KESIHA HATA TAN N = meniti menitikb kber erat atka kann inter interak aksi si dengan kecederaan yang diakibatkan oleh kemalangan yang berlaku di tempat kerja.
Akta keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan 1994 (Akta 514) telah dikuatkuasakan dikuatkuasakan pada 25.2.1994 untuk mewujudkan satu persekitaran tempat kerja yang selamat dan sihat dengan :
• Mema Memast stika ikann kese kesela lama mata tan, n, kes kesih ihat atan an dan kebajikan pekerjanya.
• Meli Melindu ndungi ngi oran orangg lai lainn sel selai ainn dar darii pekerjanya di tempat kerja.
Samb. • Meng Menggal galak ak pe pers rsek ekita itaran ran peker pekerjaa jaann yang bersesuaian dengan keperluan fisiologi dan psikologi mereka; dan •
• Mewu Mewuju judk dkan an sis siste tem m peng pengur urus usan an keselamatan dan kesihatan di tempat kerja.
PIHAK YANG BERTANGGUNGJAWAB • MENGUATKUASAKAN JABA JABATA TAN N KESE KESELA LAMA MATA TAN N DA DAN N KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN (DOSH) AKTA OSHA 1994 KEMENTERIAN SUMBER MANUSIA • C ID B • NIOSH
Siapa yang perlu mematuhi Adalah menjadi tanggungjawab • Majikan • Ketu Ketuaa pe peja jaba batt / pe peng ngur urus us • Pekerja – pe pekerja Untuk memastikan keselamatan dan kesihatan di tempat kerja adalah terjamin dan terhindar dari berlakunya kemalangan dan penyakit
Pematuhan sebagai majikan Sebagai majikan hendaklah:• Menye Menyedia diaka kann Poli Polisi si kes kesel elam amat atan an dan kesihatan di tempat kerja secara bertulis (Safety and Health Policy) sekiranya mempunyai 5 atau lebih orang ditempat kerja
• Menu Menubu buhk hkan an Jawa Jawata tank nkua uasa sa keselamatan dan kesihatan sekiranya mempunyai 40 atau lebih orang di tempat kerja. • Meng Mengad adak akan an mak maklu luma mat, t, ara araha han, n, latihan dan penyeliaan terhadap pekerjanya:
• Meng Mengad adak akan an dan dan men menye yele leng ngga gara ra tempat kerja dalam keadaan selamat dan tanpa risiko kepada kesihatan: • Mema Memast stika ikann bah bahawa awa pe peker kerjan janya ya dan orang lain selamat dan sihat semasa berada di tempat kerja: dan • Mela Melapor porka kann ke kema mala lang ngan an ke keja jadia diann berbahaya, keracunan, pekerjaan dan penyakit pekerjaan semasa
Pematuhan Sebagai Pekerja • Berta Bertangg nggung ungja jawab wab dan me memb mber erika ikann perhatian semasa bekerja bagi mengelakkan kecederaan bagi dirinya dan orang lain semasa bekerja; • Be Beker kerja jasa sama ma de denga ngann majik majikan an atau atau orang lain dalam memberi kerjasama kehendak perundangan.
• Meng Menggun gunaka akann apaapa-apa apa yang yang dise disedia diaka kann (seperti kelengkapan pelindung diri atau peralatan keselamatan) demi melindungi keselamatan dan kesihatan mereka ; dan
• Mema Mematu tuhi hi ara araha hann atau atau kaw kawal alan an keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan yang diperkenalkan oleh majikan atau orang lain di tempat kerja.
PERUNDANGAN DAN GARISPANDUAN KKP AKTA DAN PERATURAN
1. Akta Keselam Keselamatan atan dan dan Kesihatan Kesihatan Pekerjaan 1994; 2.Peraturan KKP (Pernyataan Dasar AM KKP Majikan (Pengecualian) 1995; 3.
3.Peraturan KKP (Jawatankuasa Keselamatan dan Kesihatan) 1996. 4.Peraturan KKP (Pemberitahuan kemalangan, kejadian berbahaya, keracunan Pekerjaan dan penyakit pekerjaan) ;
5.Peraturan KKP (Penggunaan, dan Standard Pendedahan Bahan Kimia Berbahaya Kepada Kesihatan) 2000. •
http//dosh.mohr.gov.my
Tips Untuk Anda 1.Sebelum melakukan pekerjaan pastikan : üMaklumat, latihan mengenai pekerjaan yang akan dibuat disediakan. üGunakan peralatan yang berkeadaan baik üLakukan kerja mengikut prosedur
2.Kemalangan, keadaan merbahaya yang wujud di tempat kerja hendaklah dilaporkan kepada majikan. 3.Jika terdapat sebarang kemusykilan sila berhubung dengan pejabat JKKP negeri yang berdekatan.
Safety Education and Training • Just Just as as safe safety ty eng engin inee eeri ring ng is is the the mos mostt effective way of preventing environmental causes, safety education is the most effective tool in the prevention of human causes of accidents. Through adequate safety instructions, personnel gain useful knowledge and develop safe attitudes.
Safety Education • Most Most injur injurie iess occu occurr to to wor worker kerss who who are new on the job and are poorly trained. Therefore, the soundest safety program begins with individual job training.
• The The new new worke workerr must must be taugh taughtt the the correct way to do his job before it becomes necessary to correct bad work habits or procedures. Experienced workers assigned to operate new equipment or work with new processes must likewise undergo further briefing and training.
Safety Seminars and Promotion • One One of of the the most most effe effecti ctive ve ways ways of of imparting safety consciousness among employees are safety seminars. Such seminars may be done on a year-round basis by qualified personnel within the firm or the Ministry of Labor.
ASAS KESELAMATAN DAN KESIHATAN PEKERJA SEKIAN …TERIMA KASIH
Safety Training • The The inc incre reas ased ed use use of of powe powerr-dr drive ivenn machines and the employment of new materials in industry which involve technical hazard that has been hitherto unheard of makes it imperative to embark on a program to train people and prepare them for new technological development.
Selection of Safety Personnel • Last Last but but not not the the lea least st,, the the Safet Safetyy Department must be staffed with competent men, with capacity to grow professionally on the job.
• A Safe Safety ty Engi Engine neer er mus mustt not not onl onlyy be a technical man acquainted with every phase of operation, and conversant on a wide range of hazards, he must be a teacher and a salesman. He should be an outstanding man AND THEY ARE NOT EASILY FOUND.
Safety Education and Training Program • Respo Respons nsibi ibili lity ty for for Safe Safety ty and and Hea Healt lth h should certainly rest with top management, whose thinking characteristically centers on principles and policies. But if responsibility stops at the policy level, it could be of no benefit to the employees.
• The The respo respons nsibi ibili lity ty for for imp imple leme ment nting ing top management policy decisions must be delegated to representatives of the staff and line through a long range program of safety education and training.
Education and Training of Safety Administrators • Gene General rally ly,, educ educat ation ion is take takenn to me mean an learning to think and apply one’s mind to new situations, whereas training in the narrower sense is concerned with the moulding of habits.
• Trai Trainin ningg never neverth thel eles ess, s, can can be be used used in the broader sense to include education. It is in this sense that training is used by most safety engineers. Training is needed in all levels and several areas in business and industry where safety is importance.
Standard Operating Procedures • One One way way of prom promot otin ingg safe safety ty and and minimizing accidents in any organization is the establishment of safety standard operating procedures. Moreover, these standard procedures are criteria for determining root causes of accidents when they happen.
Standard Operating Procedures • • • • • • •
Office Safety Safety Rules and Regulations in the shop and factory Safety Rules and Regulations on the Job Personnel Safety Rules Safety in the Factory Care When Using Hand Tools Power Leads
Office Safety 1. Office Office furnitur furnituree should should be inspect inspected ed when when received and burrs or corners should be remove immediately. 2.Keep desk drawers closed to prevent tripping over them. 3.Pull out from the power source the plug of electric machine or equipment during work break and after office hours.
Office Safety (cont’) 4. Running in office is prohibited. 5. All electric office machines should be provided with equipment grounding before use. 6. Doors should not be pushed often abruptly or slammed when closing. Don’t stand within the path pf the door swing.
Office Safety (cont’) 7. When carrying a stock materials be sure to can see over when walking through the office. 8. Employees shall not crowd or indulge in horseplay's on stairs. 9. Do not congregate on stairs or landing and do not stand outside doors at the head or foot of stairways. stairways.
Office Safety (cont’) 10. Scooting across the floor while sitting on a chair is prohibited. 11. When a floor mounted telephone or electrical outlet box is exposed after moving furniture, mark the box with a tripping sign. 12. Do not use spike or pointed rod for filling or similar purpose.
Office Safety (cont’) 13. Do not place pencils in any corner. 14. Put away in a safe place any pointed or bladed instruments immediately after use. 15. Do not leave the knife blade of the paper cutter in the raised position.
Office Safety (cont’) 16. Only authorized persons should operate office machines and equipment. 17. Do not place lighted cigarette or cigar on any place other than the ash tray. 18. Do not place match sticks or cigarettes butts on the waste basket.
Office Safety (cont’) 19. Tripping hazards such as defective floors, rugs, floor mats, electric or telephone cord should be reported immediately. 20. Razor blades, thumbtacks, and other sharp objects should be carefully boxed.
Office Safety (cont’) 21. Materials should be stored where heavy traffic does not have to be crossed to reach them and they should be stored where they are not likely to fall on anybody. 22. Inspect equipment and facilities regularly and keep them in good condition.
Office Safety (cont’) 23. Be sure you are physical conditions and well-trained in the fundamentals. 24. Hang up coats and keep umbrellas out of the way. 25. Report broken seats, desks, and other damaged equipment.
Office Safety (cont’) 26. Put away materials you are not using. 27. Do not tip chair’s back. 28. Keep feet out of desk. 29. Keep office desks and cloak rooms clear of obstacles.
Office Safety (cont’) 30. Report all dangerous conditions. 31. Report any injuries of yourself or others at once, whether or not they seem serious.
Safety Rules and Regulations in the Shop and Factory 1. Organize Organize shop shop and and laborator laboratoryy safety safety procedure along the same lines as those in industry. 2.Use the proper safety equipment and wear the proper clothing. 3.Employees should learn how to handle machinery and equipment before they use them.
Safety Rules and Regulations in the Shop and Factory (cont’) 4. Inspect tools and equipment regularly. 5. Be sure the equipment is in good condition. 6. Report any accident or injuries to the personnel in-charge.
Safety Rules and Regulations in the Shop and Factory (cont’) 7. Put any warning device if work is dangerous. 8. Always have first aid equipment handy and know how to use.
Safety Rules and Regulations on the Job 1. Wear safety safety equipment equipment while while working working in the laboratory or in the shop. 2.Do not make any adjustment when the machine is in motion. 3.Use gloves in handling heavy materials.
Safety Rules and Regulations on the Job (cont’) 4. Learn the right way to use any cutting tools before starting to work with them, the right way is always the safe way. 5. Never handle electric cords, wires, or fixtures if your hand, feet or shoes are damp.
Safety Personnel Rules work clothing ♠ safety shoes ♠ safety hats/caps/helmets ♠ working gloves ♠ eye and face protection ♠ safety belts ♠
Safety Personnel Rules (cont’) smoking ♠ open flames ♠ electrical heating device ♠ work permit ♠ entering confined areas ♠ hand jewelries ♠
Safety Personnel Rules (cont’) driving factory vehicles ♠ vehicle entry permit ♠ improper use of gasoline ♠ safety signs and devices ♠ reporting unsafe conditions ♠ housekeeping ♠
Safety in the Factory dressing safety ♣ personal hygiene ♣ hair care ♣ using tools and equipment safely ♣
Care When Using Hand Tools • Usin Usingg mac mach hine ine safe safely ly • Guar Guards ds and and saf safet etyy dev devic ices es • Usin Usingg ele elect ctric rical al equip equipme ment nt safe safely ly
Power Leads • When When conn connec ecti ting ng or disco disconn nnec ecti ting ng power leads always make sure the switch is “OFF”. • Gras Graspp the the pl plug ug,, not not the the cor cord. d. • Jerk Jerkin ingg a plu plugg out out by by the the cor cord d will will damage the end and may set up a death trap for the next user.
Personal Safety Personal Responsibility. Common cause of accidents are lack of knowledge, inattention, and thoughtlessness. By thinking and practicing safety and the use of good judgment in your work, ACCIDENT CAN BE AVOIDED.
Personal Safety (cont’) Injuries and Sickness. Report and get first aid treatment for injuries immediately no matter how trivial they may appear.
Footing. Watch your step while walking about the job to avoid tripping. Spills or other slippery spots should be reported and cleaned.
Personal Safety (cont’) Safe Clearance. Never walk or stand under suspended loads. Stand well to the side and in the clear.
Working Overhead. Never attempt to work at elevations if your physical condition is such that this work makes you nervous or ill.
Personal Safety (cont’) Be Safe from Fire. Know the position of fire escapes. And be able to reach them in an emergency.
Know how to use the firefighting equipment installed throughout your workplace.
