AS 4361.2—1998
. m o c . l a b o l g i a s . e r o t s o f n i / / : p t t h t a n o i s r e v l l u f e h t s s e c c A . e l p m a s e g a p 8 e e r f a s i s i h T
Australian Australian Standard™ Guide to lead paint management Part 2: 2: Residential Residential and commercia commerciall buildings
This This Austra Australia lian n Standa Standard rd was prepar prepared ed by Commit Committee tee CH/3, CH/3, Paint Paint and Relate Related d Materi Materials als.. It was approv approved ed on behalf behalf of the Counci Councill of Standa Standards rds Austra Australia lia on 13 February 1998 and published on 5 May 1998.
The following interests are represented on Committee CH/3: Australasian Corrosion Association Australian Paint Approval Scheme Australian Paint Manufacturers Federation Australian Retailers Association AUSTROADS Building Research Association of New Zealand . m o c . l a b o l g i a s . e r o t s o f n i / / : p t t h t a n o i s r e v l l u f e h t s s e c c A . e l p m a s e g a p 8 e e r f a s i s i h T
Institution of Professional Engineers, New Zealand Federation of Master Painters Australia National Association of Testing Authorities Australia New Zealand Abrasive Blasting Association New Zealand Manufacturers Federation New Zealand Painting Contractors Association Surface Coatings Association Australia Telstra Telstra Corporation
Additional interests participating in preparation of Standard: Department of Public Works and Services, N.S.W. Lead Reference Centre (EPA), N.S.W. Master Painters Association of Victoria Master Painters Association of N.S.W. Roads and Traffic Authority of N.S.W. WorkCover N.S.W.
Revie w of Austra lian Stand ards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Australian Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editions as necessary. It is important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and any amendments thereto. Full details of all Australian Standards and related publications will be found in the Standards Australia Catalogue of Publications; this information is supplemented each month by the magazine ‘The Australian Standard’, which subscribing members receive, and which gives details of new publications, new editions and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards. Suggestions for improvements improvements to Australian Australian Standards, addressed to the head office of Standards Standards Australia, are welcomed. Notification Notification of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australian Australian Standard should be made without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.
This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 97003.
AS 4361.2—1998
. m o c . l a b o l g i a s . e r o t s o f n i / / : p t t h t a n o i s r e v l l u f e h t s s e c c A . e l p m a s e g a p 8 e e r f a s i s i h T
Australian Australian Standard™ Guide to lead paint management Part 2: 2: Residential Residential and commercia commerciall buildings
First published as AS 4361.2—1998.
Published Published by Standards Australia (Standards (Standards Association Association of Australia) Australia) 1 The Crescent, Homebush, NSW 2140 ISBN 0 7337 1877 9
AS 4361.2—1998
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PREFACE This This Standar Standard d was prepare prepared d by the Joint Joint Standa Standards rds Austral Australia/S ia/Stand tandard ardss New Zealand Zealand Committee CH/3, Paints and Related Materials. The objective of the Standard is to provide guidelines for the successful management of lead paints and related hazards on non-industrial structures, such as dwellings and public buildings, particularly when any paint removal is carried out. This document may be referred to in proposed State Legislation dealing with the treatment of lead paints. paints. However However,, when when prepar preparing ing specif specificat ication ionss for large large project projectss involv involving ing the removal of lead paints, the assistance of suitable experts is necessary. . m o c . l a b o l g i a s . e r o t s o f n i / / : p t t h t a n o i s r e v l l u f e h t s s e c c A . e l p m a s e g a p 8 e e r f a s i s i h T
The recommendations contained in a number of publications, such as Lead alert compiled by the Commonwealth Environment Protection Agency in conjunction with the Australian Guidel elin ines es for for the the mana manage geme ment nt of lead lead pain paint t Paint Paint Manufa Manufactur cturers ers Associ Associatio ation n and Guid publ publis ishe hed d by the the New New Zeal Zealan and d Occu Occupa pati tion onal al Safe Safety ty and and Heal Health th Serv Servic icee and and othe otherr references, have been taken into account when preparing this Standard.
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AS 4361.2—1998
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CONTENTS Page
FO R E W OR D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SECTION SECTION 1 SCOPE SCOPE AND GENERAL GENERAL 1 . 1 . S C OP E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 APPLICAT IO ION . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 1.3 REFE REFERE RENC NCED ED DOCU OCUMEN MENTS 1.4 DE FI FINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 1.5 PAIN PAINT T HAZ HAZA ARD . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 1.6 ASSES SSESS SMEN MENT OF OF RIS RISK K . . . . . m o c . l a b o l g i a s . e r o t s o f n i / / : p t t h t a n o i s r e v l l u f e h t s s e c c A . e l p m a s e g a p 8 e e r f a s i s i h T
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SECTION SECTION 2 DETECTION DETECTION OF LEAD LEAD IN PAINT PAINT 2.1 GE NE NERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 LEAD LE LE VE VEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 2.3 COND CONDIT ITIO ION N OF OF PA PAINT INT . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 2.4 METH ETHODS ODS OF OF DET DETEC ECTI TIO ON . . . . . . . 2.5 2.5 INTE INTERP RPRE RETA TATI TION ON OF RESU RESULT LTS S . . .
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SECTION SECTION 3 OPTIONS OPTIONS FOR MANAGING MANAGING LEAD LEAD PAINT 3.1 GE NE NERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 DOING NO NO T H I N G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.3 LEAD LEAD PAI PAINT NT STA STABI BILI LIZA ZATI TION ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.4 LEAD LEAD PAIN PAINT T ABA ABATE TEM MENT ENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.5 OTHER THER REMO REMOV VAL METH ETHODS ODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.6 CONT CONTAI AIN NMEN MENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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SECTION SECTION 4 PROCEDURES PROCEDURES FOR FOR PAINT STABILIZATIO STABILIZATION N 4.1 GE NE NERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.2 CONT CONTAI AIN NMEN MENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 4.3 OVERP VERPA AINTI INTIN NG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.4 ENCA ENCAPS PSUL ULA ATIO TION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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SECTION SECTION 5 PROCEDURES PROCEDURES FOR FOR PAINT REMOVAL REMOVAL 5.1 GE NE NERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 5.2 CONT CONTAI AINM NMEN ENT T OF LEAD LEAD BEA BEARI RING NG DUST DUST AND AND DEBR DEBRIS IS . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 5.3 SPEC SPECIA IAL L PREC PRECAU AUTIO TIONS NS FOR FOR INT INTERI ERIOR OR PAI PAINT NTWO WORK RK . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 5.4 SPEC SPECIA IAL L PRE PRECA CAUT UTIO IONS NS WI WITH TH EXTE EXTERI RIOR OR PAIN PAINTW TWOR ORK K . . .. . .. . .. 5.5 5.5 FIN FINAL CLEA LEAN-U N-UP OF OF LEA LEAD D DUS DUST T . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . 5.6 5.6 CLEA CLEARA RANC NCE E TES TESTI TIN NG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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SECTION SECTION 6 PROTECTION PROTECTION OF OF PERSONNEL PERSONNEL 6.1 GE NE NERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 . 2 E X PO SU R E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 6.3 REGU REGULA LATE TED D ARE AREA A . . . . . .. . . . .. . 6.4 6.4 PRO PROTECT TECTIV IVE E CLOT CLOTH HING ING . . . . . . . . . 6.5 6.5 PERS PERSON ONAL AL HYGIE YGIENE NE . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 6.6 RESP RESPON ONSI SIBL BLE E PER PERS SON . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 6.7 MEDIC EDICA AL SUR SURVE VEIL ILLA LANC NCE E . . . . .. . 6 . 8 S I GN S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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AS 4361.2—1998
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SECTION SECTION 7 WASTE MANAGEMEN MANAGEMENT T 7.1 7.1 SCOP SCOPE E OF OF SEC SECTI TION ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 7.2 BACK BACKGR GROU OUND ND INFO INFORM RMAT ATIO ION N . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . 7.3 7.3 SIGN SIGNIF IFIC ICAN ANT T GENE GENERA RATO TORS RS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 7.4 RESP RESPON ONSI SIBI BILI LITI TIES ES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 7.5 JOB JOB SITE SITE HAN HANDL DLIN ING G AND AND STOR STORAG AGE E OF WAS WASTE TE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 7.6 WAST WASTE E SAMP SAMPLIN LING, G, CLA CLASS SSIF IFIC ICAT ATIO ION N AND AND ANAL ANALYS YSIS IS . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 7.7 HAZA HAZARD RDOU OUS S WAST WASTE E DISP DISPOS OSAL AL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 7.8 WAST WASTE E RED REDU UCTIO CTION N . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . 7.9 7.9 DISP DISPOS OSAL AL OF OF NONNON-HA HAZA ZARD RDOU OUS S SOLI SOLID D WAST WASTE E . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . 7.10 7.10 WAST WASTEW EWAT ATER ER MAN MANAG AGEM EMEN ENT T.. ....... ....... ....... ....... 7.11 7.11 DISP DISPOS OSAL AL OF OF CONS CONSUM UMAB ABLE LE SUPP SUPPLIE LIES S ...... ....... ....... ... SECTION SECTION 8 RESPONSIBI RESPONSIBILITIES LITIES OF OWNERS AND 8.1 8.1 OWNER WNERS S RES RESPO PONS NSIB IBIL ILIT ITIE IES S . . . . . .. . . 8.2 8.2 USE OF CONT CONTRA RACT CTOR ORS S . . . . .. . . . . .. . 8.3 8.3 CONT CONTRA RACT CTOR ORS S RES RESPO PONS NSIB IBIL ILIT ITIE IES S . . . .
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CONTRACT CON TRACTORS ORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
APPENDICES A STANDA STANDARD RD PRAC PRACTIC TICE E FOR FOR IDENT IDENTIFI IFICAT CATION ION OF LEAD LEAD IN PAIN PAINT T . . . . 34 B STANDARD STANDARD PRACTICE PRACTICE FOR FOR THE THE DETERMIN DETERMINATION ATION OF LEAD LEAD IN SOIL SOIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 C STANDA STANDARD RD PRACT PRACTICE ICE FOR FOR DETERMI DETERMINAT NATION ION OF OF LEAD IN SURF SURFAC ACE E DUS DUST T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
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AS 4361.2—1998
FOREWORD White lead (lead carbonate) was once the principal white pigment in paints for houses and public buildings. Its use was restricted in Queensland in 1923. In the other States, paint with with lead lead pigm pigment ent was was manu manufac factu tured red up until until the the late late 1960 1960s, s, altho althoug ugh h in dimin diminis ishin hing g quan quantit tities ies from from 1950 1950 onwa onward rds. s. In 1969 1969,, the Natio Nationa nall Heal Health th and Medi Medical cal Rese Resear arch ch Council’s Uniform Paint Standard was amended to restrict lead content in domestic paint.
. m o c . l a b o l g i a s . e r o t s o f n i / / : p t t h t a n o i s r e v l l u f e h t s s e c c A . e l p m a s e g a p 8 e e r f a s i s i h T
Many older Australian homes and buildings still contain lead paint, even though it may be covered with layers of more recent paint. It was used mainly on exterior surfaces and to a lesser extent on interior doors and architraves, especially in undercoats and primers where concentrations of up to 20% lead were commonly used. Interior walls were not commonly pain painted ted with with pain paintt conta contain ining ing white white lead, lead, but but some some colou colours rs did conta contain in red, red, yello yellow w or orange lead-chrome pigments. Although all paints manufactured for Australian dwellings from from the the 1970 1970ss onwa onward rdss will will have have cont contai aine ned d less less than than 1% lead lead,, it is poss possib ible le that that industrial paints, having higher concentrations of lead, may have been applied to housing and commercial commercial buildings. buildings. Lead in any form is toxic to humans when ingested and inhaled. Repeated inhalation or ingest ingestion ion of lead paint particle particless may produc producee the cumulat cumulative ive effects effects of lead poisoning poisoning (plumbism). Thus, lead paint removal methods give rise to two potential health problems, i.e. inhalation or ingestion of lead paint by the workers and public in the vicinity of the structu structure re and the deposi deposition tion of lead paint particl particles es on nearby nearby footpat footpaths, hs, streets streets or soil soil where they may be resuspended, tracked into houses or buildings where it can be inhaled or ingested. In most instances workers involved in paint management may be simply and easily protected by protective equipment, and the public may be protected by preventing access to the work site; however, lead paint deposition may be much more complex and difficult to manage depending on the size, shape and location of the building. It is recommend recommended ed that children children and pregna pregnant nt women women should not be present present in an area area when renovations that will disturb lead paint are taking place. Even low blood lead levels may have detrimental effects on young children’s intellectual development and may cause other health problems. Children absorb the lead mostly through ingestion, i.e. by touching contaminated dust or soil and then putting their fingers in their mouths. They absorb a much much grea greate terr perc percen enta tage ge of the the lead lead ente enteri ring ng thei theirr bodi bodies es than than adul adults ts do. do. Duri During ng preg pregna nanc ncy, y, esse essent ntial ial elemen elements ts such such as calci calcium um are trans transfe ferr rred ed from from the the bones bones of the mother to the baby, which process may release accumulated lead. Women of child bearing years and during pregnancy, therefore, should take special care to avoid sources of lead exposure. The The conc concept ept of prop proper erly ly managi managing ng a build buildin ing g coate coated d with with lead lead paint paint by means means of the the decisio decision n path, path, and much of the informatio information n detailed detailed in this Standard, Standard, has been sourced sourced from a number of publications on the subject. Presenting these guidelines in this format faci facili lita tate tess cons consid ider erat atio ion n of all all thos thosee aspe aspect ctss whic which h are are crit critic ical al to the the succ succes essf sful ul mana managem gemen entt of lead lead paint. paint. The The pract practice icess and and proc procedu edure ress detai detailed led in this this Guide Guide may may requ requir iree modi modific ficati ation on to accom accommo modat datee diff differ erent ent stru structu cture res, s, locati location onss and legis legislat lation ion;; nevertheless, a mechanism for the proper management of non-industrial structures coated with lead paints is documented. Cont Contra ract ctors ors shou should ld be awar awaree that that ther theree need needss to be a wast wastee mana manage geme ment nt plan plan in place prior to any lead paint management work (particularly paint removal) being undert undertake aken. n. Waste Waste minimiz minimizatio ation n is an import important ant aspect aspect of any waste waste manage managemen mentt plan.
AS 4361.2—1998
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STANDARDS AUSTRALIA Australian Standard Guide to lead paint management Part 2: Resident Residential ial and commercia commerciall buildings buildings S E C T I O N
. m o c . l a b o l g i a s . e r o t s o f n i / / : p t t h t a n o i s r e v l l u f e h t s s e c c A . e l p m a s e g a p 8 e e r f a s i s i h T
1
S C O P E
A N D
G E N E R A L
1.1 1.1 SCOP SCOPE E This This docum documen entt prov provide idess guid guidan ance ce for for the the manag managem emen entt of lead lead pain paintt on non-industrial structures such as residential, commercial and public buildings. It provides information on methods for determining whether lead is present on a building, the amount of lead present and on the selection of an appropriate management strategy. Although this Guide does not fully address requirements for the evaluation of worker health and safety, which which shou should ld be in accor accorda danc ncee with with curre current nt regu regulat lator ory y requi require remen ments ts,, it does does prov provid idee guidelines to produce a safer working environment. NOTES: 1
Industri Industrial al paint removal removal methods methods,, such as abrasiv abrasivee blasting blasting and water blasting blasting which which may involve high emissions, are covered by AS 4361.1.
2
AS 2311 should should be referred referred to for general general informat information ion on the painting painting of buildings buildings..
1.2 APPLIC APPLICATI ATION ON This This Stan Standa dard rd is inte intend nded ed to assi assist st buil builde ders rs,, trad trades es peop people le,, archite architects, cts, and the owners owners or adminis administrat trators ors of reside residentia ntiall and commerc commercial ial building buildingss in which which lead paint is presen present. t. It may provid providee useful useful backgro background und material material when when preparin preparing g specifications for the management of lead paint, but should not be called up in contracts without also specifying the detail to be derived from it. Figure 1.1 provides a flow chart detailing the lead paint management options given in this Standard. Becaus Becausee of possib possible le damage damage to public public health and the environme environment nt due to the improper improper managem management ent of lead paint, this Guide Guide allows allows trades trades people people associa associated ted with with lead paint management work to deal with lead paint and the related hazards in a safe and responsible manner. Trades people should obtain appropriate accreditation to undertake the proposed work. Do-it-yourself (DIY) renovators should seek the assistance of trained or qualified people to unde undert rtak akee lead lead mana manage geme ment nt.. If this this Guid Guidee is inte intend nded ed to be foll follow owed ed with withou outt profes professio sional nal help, help, then additio additional nal inform informatio ation n and trainin training g should should be obtained obtained before before attempting any management work. Local Local authori authority ty require requiremen ments, ts, public public safety safety and health health requir requiremen ements, ts, site site prepara preparation tion,, waste waste disp dispos osal al and and conta contamin minati ation on contr control ol all need need to be fully fully cons consid ider ered ed prio priorr to the the commencement of any work.
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