As 4361.1-1995 Guide to Lead Paint Management Industrial Applications

AS 4361.1—1995

. m o c . l a b o l g i a s . e r o t s o f n i / / : p t t h t a n o i s r e v l l u f e h t s s e c c A . e l p m a s e g a p 8 e e r f a s i s i h T

Australian Standard® Guide to lead paint management Part 1: Industrial applications

This Australia Australian n Standa Standard rd was was prepa prepared red by Committe Committeee CH/3, CH/3, Paints Paints and and Related Related Materia aterials ls.. It was appr approv oved ed on beha behalf lf of the Counc ouncil il of Stand Standar ards ds Austra Australi liaa on 26 August 1995 and published on 5 December 1995.

The following interests are represented on Committee CH/3: Australasian Corrosion Association Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry Australian Paint Manufacturers Manufacturers Federation AUSTROADS . m o c . l a b o l g i a s . e r o t s o f n i / / : p t t h t a n o i s r e v l l u f e h t s s e c c A . e l p m a s e g a p 8 e e r f a s i s i h T

Building Building Research Research Associati Association on of New Z ealand ealand Government Government Paint Committee National National Association Association of Testing Testing Author Authorities, ities, Australia Australia New Zealand Manufacturers Federation Railways Railways of Australia Committee Committee Retailers Retailers Council of Australia Surface Coatings Association Australia Telstra Australia Works Consultancy Services, New Zealand Additiona Additionall interests interests participating participating i n preparati preparation on of Standard: Standard: Blast Cleaning and Coating Association of N.S.W. Department of Land and Water Conservation, N.S.W. Environme Environment nt Protection Protection Authority, Authority, N.S.W. Road and Traffic Authority of N.S.W. Sydney Water

Review of Austr alia n Standa rds. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Australian Standards are subject to periodic periodic review review and are kept kept up to date by the issue of amendmen amendments ts or new editions editions as necess necessar ary. y. It is important therefore therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possessi possession on of the latest edition, and any amendments amendments thereto. thereto. Full details of all Australian Australian Standards Standards and related publications will be found in t he Standards Standards Australia Catalogue of Publications; this information information is supplemented supplemented each month by t he magazine magazine ‘The Australian Australian Standard’, Standard’, which subscribing subscribing members members receive, a nd w hich gives details details of new publications, new editions and amendments, amendments, and of withdrawn Standards. Standards. Suggestions Suggestions for improvements improvements t o Australian Australian Standards, Standards, address addressed ed to t he head offi ce of Standards Standards Australia, are welcomed. Notification of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australian Standard should be made without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate appropriate action taken.

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 94339.

AS 4361.1—1995


Australian Standard® Guide to lead paint management Part 1: Industrial Industrial applications applications

PUBLISHED BY ST ANDARDS ANDARDS AUSTRALIA (STANDARDS (STANDARDS ASSOCIATION ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA) AUSTRALIA) 1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140

ISBN 0 7337 0190 6

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AS 4361.1— 4361.1— 1995 1995

PREFACE This This Stand Standard ard was prepared prepared by the the Join Jointt Stand Standard ardss Austra Australi lia/S a/Sta tand ndard ardss New Zealan Zealand d Committee CH/3 on Paint and Related Materials. This Standard is the result of a consensus among Australian and New Zealand representatives on the Joint Committee to produce it as an Australian Standard. The objective of the Standard is to provide guidelines for the successful management of leadcontaining paints on industrial steel structures, particularly when any paint removal is carried out. out. This This docu documen mentt may be referred referred to in prop propose osed d State State legi legisla slati tion on deali dealing ng with with the the treatment of lead-containing lead-containing paints. paints. However, when preparing specifications specifications f or the removal of lead-containing lead-containing paints, the assistance of suitable suitable experts is necessary. . m o c . l a b o l g i a s . e r o t s o f n i / / : p t t h t a n o i s r e v l l u f e h t s s e c c A . e l p m a s e g a p 8 e e r f a s i s i h T

The recommendations of the Steel Structures Painting Council (SSPC) documents, Guide 6I containing debris debris generated during during paint paint removal operations operations, and Guide 7I (CON), Guide for containing disposall of lead-con lead-contam taminat inated ed surface surface prepar preparatio ation n debris debris and other (DIS), Guide for the disposa other references* have been taken into account when preparing this Standard. The term ‘normative’ has been used in this Standard to define the application of the appendix to which it applies. A ‘normative’ appendix is an integral part of a Standard.

* TRIMBER, K.A., Industri Pittsburgh: h: KTA - Tator Inc, Inc, (Steel (Steel Structu Structures res Industrial al lead paint removal handbook handbook , Pittsburg Painting Painting Council) 1991

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STANDARDS STANDARDS AUSTRAL AUSTRALIA IA

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AS 4361.1— 4361.1— 1995 1995

CONTENTS Page


FO RE REW OR ORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 SC O PE PE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 AP PL PLI CA CAT IO IO N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 REFE EFEREN RENCED CED DOCUM DOCUMEN ENT TS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 DE FI FIN IT ITI ON ON S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 SMA LL LL P RO RO JE JE CT CTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 DECI ECISION SION PA PATH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 STEP 1—ASSE —ASSESSM SSMEN ENT T OF THE PRES PRESE ENCE NCE OF LEAD EAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 STEP TEP 2—P 2—PAIN AINTIN TING G STR STRA ATEGY TEGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 STEP 3—R 3—RISKS ISKS TO PUBLI PUBLIC, C, OTHER OTHER WORK WORKERS AND ENVIRO ENVIRONM NMEN ENT T . .. 10 STEP 4—CONT —CONTROL ROL LEVEL LEVEL FOR FOR EMIS EMISSIO SIONS NS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 STEP 5—PAIN 5—PAINT T REMOV REMOVAL/CON AL/CONTAINM TAINMENT ENT SYSTEM SYSTEM COMBINA COMBINATIONS TIONS . . . 12 STEP STEP 6—E 6—EMIS MISSIO SIONS NS MONI MONITOR TORIN ING G REQU REQUIRE IREME MENTS NTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 STEP 7—WORK —WORKER ER PR PROTECT OTECTIION REQ REQUIR UIREM EME ENTS NTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 STEP 8—WAST —WASTE E MANA MANAGEM GEMEN ENT T CO CONTROL NTROLS S . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 15 STEP STEP 9—P 9—PROJ ROJECT ECT COM COMP PLETION LETION CLE CLEANI ANING NG AND AND CLEA CLEARAN RANCE CE . . . . . . . . 16 STEP 10 10—PROJEC PROJECT T COST ESTIMA STIMATES TES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 STEP TEP 11 11—SPECI SPECIF FICAT ICATIION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 6 6 6 7 10 10 10 11 14 14 15 16 18 18 19 19 19

APPENDICES A STANDAR TANDARD D PRAC PRACTI TICE CE FOR FOR LEAD LEAD IDENTI IDENTIFIC FICAT ATION ION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B ASSESSM SSESSMEN ENT T OF COATIN OATING G CON CONDI DITIO TION N... ..................... C CONDUCT ONDUCTIN ING G THE THE RISK RISK ASSESS SSESSME MEN NT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D COAT OATING REMO EMOVAL METH METHO ODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E CONT ONTAINME AINMENT NT DESIGN ESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F AIR QU QUALITY ALITY MONITOR NITORIN ING G . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . G GROUND ROUND (SOIL) (SOIL) SAMPLIN AMPLING G AND AND ANALYS NALYSIS IS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H ASSESSM SSESSMEN ENT T OF WATER ATER AND AND SEDI SEDIME MENT NT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I WORK ORKER PROT ROTECTI ECTIO ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J SOLID OLID AND AND HAZA HAZARD RDOUS OUS WAST WASTE E MAN MANAG AGEM EME ENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K RELE ELEASING ASING THE CO CONTRAC NTRACTO TOR R . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ..

24 28 33 40 46 52 60 63 66 72 83

First published as AS 4361.1— 1995.

AS 4361.1— 4361.1— 1995 1995

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FOREWORD Lead in the form of its various various oxide oxidess has been used as a key ingredie ingredient nt in industria industriall paint paint primers primers for more than than 100 years years due due to its excelle excellent nt abilit ability y to protect protect steel steel from corrosion corrosion.. These These primers primers were found found to be partic particul ular arly ly toler tolerant ant to minima minimall surface surface prepa preparati ration on.. Cons Consequ equen ently tly,, lead lead primers primers were emplo employed yed for prote protecti ctive ve treatme treatment nt of compl complex ex steel steel struc structu tures res,, partic particul ular arly ly where where diffic difficul ultie tiess of access access and and steel steelwork work geome geometry try preven prevente ted d optimum surface preparation of the steelwork prior to painting. Further, lead in the form of yellow chrome and orange chrome pigments has been used in industrial finishes to produce strong yellow, orange and red colours due to the versatility and low cost of these pigments.


The widespread use of lead paints continued until the early 1980s when concerns about leadbased based paint paint toxicity toxicity and the advent advent of less toxic toxic protect protective ive coating coating systems systems signific significant antly ly reduced reduced their their usage. usage. Many Many industrial industrial structur structures es through throughout out Australia Australia are painted painted with lead lead pain paintt system systemss and, and, whil whilee these these syste systems ms remain remain intac intact, t, they they presen presentt no signi signific ficant ant health health hazard hazard or environm environmental ental pollu pollutio tion n hazard. hazard. However, However, in most instance instancess these these systems systems will require repair or replacement during the design life of the structure, and the owners will be confront confronted ed with potent potential ial health health and environm environmental ental pollut pollutio ion n hazards hazards associated associated with lead paint removal during the course of surface preparation for painting. Partic articul ular ar comp compou ound ndss of lead lead which hich were ere widel widely y used used in Austra Australi liaa on outd outdoo oorr steel steel insta installa llati tion onss were were the oxid oxidee (red lead), lead), lead lead chromat chromatee and lead lead silic silicoo-chro chromat matee and, and, for galvanized galvanized steel, calcium calcium plumbate. plumbate. Calcium plumbate-in-oil plumbate-in-oil primers were applied applied by brush to galvanized or zinc-sprayed steel to allow the retention of alkyd enamels. Red lead-in-oil primers primers w ere used because because of their their easy brush brush applica application tion,, high high build build and ef fective fectiveness ness on hand-cleaned surfaces. Red lead-lead chromate primers, in oil or in alkyd and other binders, were considere considered d to have have superior superior corrosion corrosion inhib inhibitio ition n on such surfaces. surfaces. Traditio Traditional nally ly these produc roducts ts conta contain ined ed at least least 10 perce percent nt lead lead in the the dry dry film film of pain paint. t. A lowe lowerr leve levell of 1.0 percent (w / w) lead has been been s elected elected in this guide guide to define define a lead-con lead-contain taining ing paint paint for which these procedures are recommended. Lead in any form is toxic to humans when ingested and inhaled. In many cases the most costeffective effective method of surface surface preparation preparation for mainte maintenanc nancee painti painting ng can involv involvee the partial partial or complete removal of existing coatings by mechanical means which pulverize the paint into small particles particles that may be readily readily inhaled inhaled or ingested ingested.. Repeated Repeated inhalati inhalation on or ingestion ingestion of lead lead-co -cont ntain ainin ing g pain paintt parti particl cles es may produ produce ce the cumu cumulat lative ive effects effects of lead lead poison poisonin ing g (plumb plumbis ism). m). A lesse lesserr inta intake ke may advers adversel ely y affe affect ct a chil child’s d’s menta entall and emoti emotion onal al development. Thus, these methods give rise to two potential health problems, i.e. inhalation and ingestion of lead paint by the workers and public in the vicinity of the structure, and the depo deposit sitio ion n of lead lead pain paintt parti particl cles es on nearby nearby footpa footpath ths, s, street streetss or soil soil where they they may be resuspended, tracked into houses or buildings inhaled or ingested. In most instances workers may be simply and easily easily protecte protected d by protective protective equipm equipment, ent, and the publi publicc by preventin preventing g acces accesss to the the work work site; site; howev however er,, lead lead paint paint deposit depositio ion n may be much much more compl complex ex and and difficult to manage depending on the size, shape and location of the structure. Many Many structures structures such as bridges bridges are located located in congested congested urban areas where paint r emoval emoval operatio operations ns may contamin contaminate ate nearby nearby residence residences, s, business business properties properties or playgrou playgrounds nds.. Other Other structure structuress are located located in rural setting settingss where where grazing or recreation recreational al areas in the vicini vicinity ty of the structure may be contaminated. Further, most government regulatory bodies perceive lead paint paint pollut pollutio ion n of soil and waterways to be a concern concern and direct its control. control.

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AS 4361.1— 4361.1— 1995 1995

There is a need for sound management of lead-containing lead-containing paint coatings coatings on structures. This Standar Standard d addresses addresses the issues cr itical itical to such manageme management nt for the purpose purpose of f acilita acilitatin ting g selectio selection n and implement implementatio ation n of practicab practicable, le, cost-effectiv cost-effectivee mainten maintenanc ancee programs programs which minimize health hazards to workers and the public, and pollution hazards to the environment. In the absence of definitive local legislation dealing with the removal and treatment of leadcontaining containing paint, the concept of properly managing a structure c oated with lead-containin lead-containing g paint by means of the decision path and much of the information detailed in this Standard has been sourced from an overseas consultant to the Roads and Traffic Authority of New South Wales. Presenting these guidelines in this format facilitates consideration of all those aspects which are critical to the successful management of lead-containing lead-containing paint. paint. T he practices and procedure proceduress detailed detailed f or completi completing ng each step of the decision decision path m ay require require modificat modification ion to accommodate different structures, locations and legislation; nevertheless, a mechanism for the the prope properr manage managemen mentt of indu industr strial ial struct structur ures es coate coated d with with lead-c lead-con ontai tainin ning g pain paints ts is documented. . m o c . l a b o l g i a s . e r o t s o f n i / / : p t t h t a n o i s r e v l l u f e h t s s e c c A . e l p m a s e g a p 8 e e r f a s i s i h T

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AS 4361.1— 4361.1— 1995 1995

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA Australian Standard Guide to lead paint management Part 1: Industrial Industrial applications 1


SC OP O PE

This document provides guidance for the management of lead-containing paint on industrial structures. It provides information on methods for determining whether lead is present on a structure and on the selection of an appropriate maintenance strategy. Guidance is given given on implemen implementin ting g appropria appropriate te lead paint emission emission control controlss during during paint paint removal removal to ensure ensure that that potential potential health health r isks to workers workers and public public are r educed educed to an acceptabl acceptablee level, level, environmental environmental pollution pollution regulations regulations are observed and a method of handling handling hazardous waste is selected which meets governing legislation. Although Although this guide guide does not fully address r equirements equirements for the evaluation evaluation of worker health health and safety, which shoul should d be in accordanc accordancee with current regulat regulatory ory requireme requirements nts,, it does provide provide guideline guideliness to produce produce a safer working environment. environment. NOTE: These procedures may also be suitable for the management of hazardous coatings other than lead-containing paints, such as paints based on zinc chromate and other chromate-based material. Testing which reveals an absence of lead-containing paint on an industrial structure is not in itself justif jus tif ication icat ion for fo r ig norin g these th ese procedures proce dures.. The str ess upon ‘lea d-contai d-co ntaining ning ’ paint s is occasione occa sioned d by concern to reduce all forms of lead in the environment. 2

APPLIC PPLICATI ATION ON

The successful successful management management of an industrial industrial structure coated coated with leadcontaining containing paint requires consideration consideration of the function, function, design l ife and service environment of the the structure, structure, conditio condition n of the existing existing coating coating system, system, coating coating systems systems which will be effective effective in the service environment environment,, hazards hazards associated associated with lead paint paint removal removal to workers, workers, publi publicc and the environm environment ent and program cost. cost. These These factors factors and their many intertwin intertwined ed elements need to be judiciously dealt with in a logical and systematic manner for satisfactory painti painting ng program program selection selection and im plemen plementati tation on to take place. place. Thus, Thus, these guidel guidelines ines are prese present nted ed in the the form of a decisio decision n path path that may be used used by an owner owner of an indu industri strial al structure painted with lead paint to manage the maintenance of that structure. In some instances, the amount of lead residues produced during a paint removal project may be of such a low magnitud magnitudee that it may be possib possible le to reduce the level of control, control, either either in monitor monitoring ing or containmen containment, t, after assessment assessment of the r isk (see Clause Clause 9). Clause 5 also provides information on small paint removal projects which may not require the the full applicat application ion of this Guide. Guide. 3

REFERENCE REFERENCED D DOCUMENTS DOCUMENTS

AS 1324 324 1580 1580 1580.40 .408. 8.2 2 1580.4 1580.408 08.5 .5 1580.4 1580.481 81.1.1 .1.1 1580 1580.48 .481. 1.3 3 1580.5 1580.501 01.1 .1

Air filte filters rs for use in air air cond condit itio ioni ning ng and genera enerall vent ventil ilat atio ion n Pain aints and and rela relate ted d mate materrial ials— Meth Metho ods of test test Meth Method od 408. 408.2: 2: Adhesi Adhesion—K on—K nife nife test test Metho Method d 408.5: 408.5: Adhesion Adhesion—Pull —Pull-off -off test Metho Method d 481.1. 481.1.1: 1: Coatin Coatings— gs— Exposed Exposed to weatheri weathering— ng— General General appearanc appearancee Meth Method od 481.3: 481.3: Coati Coating ngs— s— Expose Exposed d to weath weather ering— ing— Degree Degree of corr corrosio osion n of coated metal substrates Metho Method d 501. 501.1: 1: Soluble Soluble lead content content

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As 4361.1-1995 Guide to Lead Paint Management Industrial Applications

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