AS 1716 Respiratory Protective Devices.pdf

AS/NZS 1716:1994

Australian/New Zealand Standard Respi ratory protective devices

1 0 0 2 p e S 5 0 n o g n ir e e n i g n E h g u o l C y b d e s s e c c A

AS/NZS 1716:1994 This Joint Austral ian/N ew Zealand Stan dard was prepared by Joint Technical Committee S F/10, Indus trial Respiratory Protectio n. It was appro ved on behalf of the Council of Stan dards Austra lia on 17 March 1994 and on behalf of t he Cou ncil of Standards New Zealand on 27 April 1994. It was published on 16 May 1994.

The following interests are represented on Committee SF/10: Australian Assembly of Fire Authorities Australia Chamber of Comme rce and Indus try Australia Chamber of Manufactures Australian Gas Association Australian Institut e of P etroleu m Australian Mines and Metal Association Composites Institute of Australia County Fire Autho rity, Austr alia Department of Defence, Australia Department of Mineral Resources, N.S.W. Electrici ty Supply Assoc iation of Australia Gas and Fuel Corporation, Victoria Metal Trades Industry Association, Australia New Zealand Manufactures Association Occupational Health and Safety, Victoria Safety Institute of Australia The Austra lian Gas Association Water B oard, Sydney— Illawarra— Blue Mou ntains WorkC over Authority of N.S.W.


Review of Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Joint Australian/New Zealand Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editions as necessary. It is important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are i n posse ssion of the lates t edition, and any amen dments thereto. Full deta ils of all Joint Stan dards and rela ted publicatio ns will be found in the Stan dards Australi a and Stan dards New Zeal and Catalo gue of Publica tions; this information is supplemented each month by the magazines ‘The Australian Standard’ and ‘Standards New Zealand’, which subscribing members receive, and which give detai ls of new publication s, new editi ons and amendments, and of wit hdrawn Standards. Suggestions for improvements to Joint Standards, addressed to the head office of either Stand ards Australia or Standards New Z ealand, are welcomed. Notification of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in a Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard should be made without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.

AS/NZS 1716:1994

Australian/New Zealand Standard Respi ratory protective devices

For history before 1994 see Preface. Jointly revised and designated as Joint Standard AS/NZS 1716:199 4. Incorporating: Amdt 1—1996


PUBLISHED JOI NTLY BY: STANDARDS AUSTRALIA 1 The Crescent, Homebush NSW 2140 Au stralia STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND Level 10 , Radio New Zealand House, 155 The Terrace, Wellington 6001 New Ze aland ISBN 0 7262 8879 9

AS/NZS 1716:1994

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PREFACE This Standard was prep ared by the Joint Austra lian/New Zeal and Standards Committee SF/10 on Industrial Respiratory Protection to supersede AS 1716—1991. This Standard was revised in 1994 with the objective of incorporating improvements based on user experie nce gained since it was last published in 1991 . In this editio n, deletions from the Standard includ e the quali tative facia l fit tests (using isoamyl acetate and ortho -chlorobenzylidene malononitrile). In the last edit ion, they were optional alternatives to total inward leakage faci al fit testing using sodium chloride aeros ol which now is the only method to be used in type testi ng. This change now brings the Standard into line with ove rseas (CEN) test procedu res. It is acknowledged that such testing may not reflec t respi ratory performanc e against real workp lace aerosols which is expected in many cases to be much better as workplace aerosols are generally coarser. The change remov es the possi bly subjective nature of the interp retat ion of the quali tative test results. Other changes were most ly to make testing procedures clearer or to bring requirements closer to published CEN documents. The abrasive blasting helmet testing has had the abrasive material altered from cast steel to iron grit. The type of coupl ings permitted to be used in airlin e respirato rs has been alter ed to be of a safety type , i.e. requiring at least two delibe rate actions to separa te the conne ctors. The requireme nts for compressed air quality have been deleted from this Standard and AS/NZS 1715:1994 has been referred to instead. The mark ing section has bee n altered to allo w for addi tional mark ing to be adde d to the instructions. The history of the Standards which have been revised and amalgamated to for m this Standard is as follows: In A ustralia, AS Z18 was first publ ished in 1963 with a secon d edition being published in 1968. This Stan dard was revised and redesignated A S 1716 —1975, with a second editi on in 1982, a third edition in 1984 and a fourth edition in 1991. In New Zealand the Standard was first published in 1961 as a part of NZS 1586, being an endorseme nt of BS 2091 :1954 with amend ments. NZS 2209 was first publ ished in 1968. NZS 1586 was superseded in part by NZS 2266 in 1969. These two Stand ards were replac ed by NZS/AS 1716 -1991 (harmoniz ed in 1992 ). Advice on the selec tion, use and maintenance of respirato ry protective equipment is not covered by this Standard but given in AS/NZS 1715. 1 0 0 2 p e S 5 0 n o g n ir e e n i g n E h g u o l C y b d e s s e c c A

The terms ‘normat ive’ and ‘inf ormat ive’ have been used in this Standard to define the application of the appendix to which they apply. A ‘normat ive’ appendix is an integ ral part of a Standard, whereas an ‘informa tive’ appendix is only for information and guidance.

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AS/NZS 1716:1994

CONTENTS Page

SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENE RAL 1.1 SCO PE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.2 APPL ICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.3 REFERENCED DOC UMEN TS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.4 DEF INIT IONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.5 1.6

NOMINAL VALUES AND TOLERANCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 UNIT S FOR G AS A ND V APOU R CONC ENTRA TIO NS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

SECTION 2 DESIGN AND CO NSTRUCTION OF ASSEM BLED RESPIRATO RS 2.1 GENE RA L REQ UIRE MENT S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.2 FACIAL FI T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.3 BREATHI NG A ND C ONNECTING TUB E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.4 DEMAND V ALVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 SECTION 3 FACEPIECES AN D HEAD COVERING S 3.1 DESI GN R EQUIR EMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.2 PERFORM ANCE R EQUI REMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 SECTION 4 PARTICU LATE FILTE R RESP IRATO RS 4.1 DESI GN A ND C ONS TRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.3

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CLASSIF ICATION AND REMENTS C OMPONENT 16 PERFORM ANCE R EQUI . . .S. .. ... .. ...... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. . .. . .. 16

SECTION 5 GAS AN D VAPOUR FILTE R RES PIRAT ORS 5.1 DESI GN A ND C ONS TRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 5.2 TYPE S OF FIL TER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 5.3 CLASSIF ICA TION AND COMPONENT PARTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 5.4 PERFORM ANCE R EQUI REMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 SECTION 6 POWERED AIR-P URIFY ING RESPIR ATORS 6.1 DESI GN A ND C ONS TRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 6.2 COMPONE NTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 6.3 PERFORM ANCE R EQUI REMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 1 0 0 2 p e S 5 0 n o g n ir e e n i g n E h g u o l C y b d e s s e c c A

SECTION 7 ESCAPE RESPIRATO RS—FILTRAT ION TYPE 7.1 DESI GN A ND C ONS TRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5

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CLA SSIF ICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... 26 FILT ER S ELF-RES CUER (M INE S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 SMOKE M ASK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 FILT ER S ELF-RES CUER (I NDU STR IAL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

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SECTION 8 AIR-HOSE A ND AIR- LINE RE SPIRA TORS 8.1 DESI GN A ND C ONS TRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 8.2 WAIS T BE LT O R BO DY HA RNE SS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 8.3 AIR- HOS E AND AI R-L INE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... 32 8.4 PERFORM ANCE R EQUI REMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 SECTION 9 COMPRESSE D AIR S ELF-CONTAINED BREAT HING APPARA TUS 9.1 DESI GN A ND C ONS TRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 9.15 9.16


NOM INAL EFFECTIVE L IFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 PRESSUR E T UBES A ND H OSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 COMPRESSED A IR S CBA—DEM AND FLOW TYP ES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 CONT INU OUS FLO W—E SCAPE TYPES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 AUXI LIA RY AIR-LINE C ONN ECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 CYLINDE RS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 CYLINDE R VALV E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 PRESSUR E GA UGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 ISOL AT ING VALVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............. 40 PRESSUR E IND ICA TOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... 40 ACTIVE W ARNIN G DEVI CE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 BODY HARN ESS AND SEC URI NG HARNES S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 MAS S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................ 40 TES TING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................... 40 REQUIREMENTS FOR AIR QUALITY (CYLINDERS) F OR SUPP LIE D-AIR RESPIRAT ORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

SECTION 10 OXYGEN SELF-CO NTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS 10.1 DESI GN A ND C ONS TRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 10.2 NOMINAL EFFECTIVE L IFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 10.3 INHA LAT ION TEMPERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 10.4 RESISTA NCE TO BREATH ING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 10.5 SIMULAT ED ROUG H US AGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 10.6 SIMULAT ED WORK TEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 10.7 DEMAND V ALVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 10.8 CONT INU OUS FLO W VAL VE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 10.9 RELIEF VA LVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 10.10 CARBON D IOX IDE ABSORBENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 10.11 BREATHI NG B AG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... 44 10.12 PRESSUR E TUB ES A ND H OSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 10.13 PRESSUR E GAU GE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 10.14 10.15 10.16 10.17 10.18 10.19 10.20

PRESSUR E GAU GE ISOLA TING VALVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 BODY HARN ESS AND SEC URI NG HARNES S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 MAS S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................ 45 CYLINDE RS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................... 45 CYLINDE R VALV E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 COMPRESSED O XYGEN (DR Y BREATHI NG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 LEA K TIGHT NE SS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. 45

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SECTION 11 MARKING AND INST RUCT IONS 11.1 MARKING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 INST RU CTIONS FOR U SE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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APPENDICES A NOIS E LEV EL TE ST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 B METHOD OF SELECTI NG PERSO NNEL F OR ASSE MBLED R ESPIR ATO RS T ESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 C RES ISTA NCE TO F LAME T EST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 D TOTAL INWARD LEAKAGE OF ASSEMB LED RESP IRATORS— QUANTIT ATIVE SODI UM CHLORID E TES T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 E BREATHI NG S IMU LATOR TESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 F EXHA LAT ION VALVE LEAK AGE TE ST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 G BREATHI NG R ESISTANC E TEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 H SIMULAT ED ROUG H US AGE TEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 I PARTICULATE FILTER S—TE ST FOR FILT ERING EFFICI ENCY . . . . . . . . . 70 J SUPP LIE D-AIR RESPIR ATO RS—SIMULATE D WOR K TES TS . . . . . . . . . . . 71 K CYLINDE R VALV E RE QUIR EMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 L APPA RAT US TO B E USED IN SO DIUM CHLORIDE AER OSOL TE STS . . . . 75 M CON VERSION TA BLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81


Copyright

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA/ STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND

Users of Standards are reminded that copyright subsists in all Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand publications and software. Except where the Copyright Act allows and except where provided for below no publications or software produced by Standards Australia or Standards New Zealan d may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or transmitted by any means without prior permission in writing from Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand. Permission may be conditional on an appropriate royalty payment . Australian requests for permiss ion and information on commercial software royalti es should be directed to the head office of Standards Australia. New Zealand requests should be directed to Standards New Zealand. Up to 10 percent of the tech nical content page s of a Standard may be copied for use excl usively in-h ouse by purchasers of the Standard without payment of a royalty or advice to Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand. Inclusion of copyright material in computer software programs is also permitted without royalty payment provided such programs are used exclusively in-house by the creators of the programs. Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the current edition of the Standard and that it is updated whenev er the Standard is amended or revised. The number and date of the Standard should therefore be clearly identified. The use of material in print form or in computer software programs to be used commercially, with or without payment, or in commercial contracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be varied by Standards Australia or Standards New Zealand at any time.

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AS/NZS 1716:1994

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA/STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND Australian/New Zealand Standard Respiratory protective devices SE CTION 1

SC O P E A ND G E NE RA L

1.1 SC OP E This Standard specifies requireme nts for resp iratory protective devices (respi rators) intended to provide, according to type, varying degree s of protect ion against atmospheres containing substances which may be harmful if breathed; also, with certain types, to provide protection against atmospheres which may be deficient in oxygen. The Standa rd specif ies requireme nts, performa nce and testing the manufacture of respirators.

crite ria to be observe d in

It does not purport to give guid ance on the selection, use and m aintenance of respi rators. Referen ce should be made to AS/NZ S 1715 for such guidance and for determin ing the type of protection w hich shoul d be provi ded for any particular conditio n. The Standa rd does not appl y to respirato rs for use in aircraft, for operations under water (see AS 2299), or for life suppor t respir ators used f or medical purpos es or resus citati on (see AS 2488). 1.2 APP LICATIO N Every resp irator shall comply with the general requireme nts of Sections 2, 3 and 11, and with the specific requirements of the particular section applicable to the respi rator type , as f ollows: Particulate filter res pirators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 4 Gas an d vapour filt er res pirators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 5 Power ed ai r-purifying res pirators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 6 Escape res pirators—filt ration type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 7 Air-hose and ai r-l ine resp irators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 8 Compre ssed air self -con tained breath ing apparatus . . . . . . . . . Section 9 Oxygen self- contained breathing apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section 10 Asse mbled res pirators shall be made up of components which have been tested as a system. I ndividual components shall not be claimed to comply w ith this Standard unless used as part of a system. The assembled res pirator may not require the full range of testing where the attach ments, breathing charac teris tics and weight distrib ution have been shown to be similar to those of other equipment already tested. 1 0 0 2 p e S 5 0 n o g n ir e e n i g n E h g u o l C y b d e s s e c c A

1.3 REF ERENCED DOCUME NTS The following documents are refe rred to in this Standard: AS 1020

The control of undesira ble static electricit y

1259

Acoustics —So und level meters

1259.1

Non-integrating

1259.2

Integrating— Averaging

1349

Bourdon tube pressure and vacuum gauges

1801

Industrial safety helmets

1944

Medical gas cylinder identification

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AS 2030

2030.1

AS/NZS 1716:1994

The approval, fill ing, ins pection, testing and m aintenance of cyl inders for t he storage and transport of compres sed gases (known as the SAA Gas Cylinders Code) Part 1: Cylinders for c ompres sed g ases other than acetylene

2299

Occupational diving

2380 2380.2

Electrical equipment for explosive techniques Part 2: Flameproof enclosure d

2380.7 2473

Part 7: Intrinsic safe ty i Valves for compre ssed gas cylinders (thre aded outlet)

2488

Resuscitators, resu scitator containers an d resuscitator kits

2704

Portable cylinders for res uscitators and self-contained breat hing apparatus (non-un derwater)— Safety gu ide

3108

Approval and test specification—Pa rticular transformers and safety isolating transformers

SAA MP69

atmospher es—Ex plosion-protection

re quirements

for

isolating

Explosion-prote cted electrica l equipment— Certificat ion schem e — Policy

AS/NZS 1337 Eye protectors for industri al applications 1715

Selection, use and maintenance of respi ratory protective devi ces

BS 2577

Methylene blue parti culate test for respirat or canisters (obso lescent)

3928

Method for sod ium flame tes t for ai r fil ters (ot her tha n for ai r sup ply to I. C. engines and compressors)

4400

Method for sodium chl oride particulate tes t for r espi rator filters

1.4

DEF INIT ION S

For the purpose of this Standa rd, the defi nitions below apply .

1.4.1 Air -ho se re spi rator —a devi ce, used with a face piece or head covering, through which clean air from a source remote from the workpl ace is made ava ilable to the wearer through an air-hose at near atmospheric pressure. 1.4.2 Air -li ne resp ira tor —a devic e capable of provi ding breathing air to the weare r, from a source of compressed air at greater than atmospheric pressure, by means of an airline. 1.4. 3 1 0 0 2 p e S 5 0 n o g n ir e e n i g n E h g u o l C y b d e s s e c c A

Air- purifyin g resp irato r —a device which filte rs contaminants from in haled air.

1.4.4 Chem ical oxygen res pir ato r —a device which generat es oxygen by means of a chemical reac tion for use by a weare r during esca pe from a contaminated atmosphere or one lacking in oxygen. 1.4.5 Comb ina tio n filte r respi rator —a device combining the filtratio n capab ilities of gas or particulate filt ers or both. The filte rs may be a single unit (integral) or consist of separate filters to form one unit (combination). 1.4.6 Dem an d val ve —a devic e for the con trolled release of air or oxyg en actuated by a reduction in pressur e creat ed by the action of inha lation. The regula tion may be such that the pressu re inside the facepiece is maintained above atmospheric pressure (positive pressure type) or f alls to below atmosph eric press ure ( negative press ure type) during the inhalation phase.

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1.4. 7 Disp osabl e respir ator —a respi rator devi ce for which maint enance is not intended and which is designed to be discarded after excessive resi stance, sorbent exhaustion, physical damag e or end of s ervice life renders it unsuitable for use. 1.4.8 Es cape ty pe r espira tor —a device for emergency escape from a respiratory hazard, e.g. fire. 1.4.9 Filtrati on typ e escap e res pir ator —a device incorporat ing filte rs which removes certa in particu lates and gases or vapour s from the air in haled by the wearer f or a limited period during escape from a respiratory hazard. 1.4.10

Ful l fac ep iec e —a clos e fitting device to cove r the eyes, nose and mout h and be

secured in position by suitable means. 1.4.11 Gas filte r respir ator —a device consisting of a half face piece, full face piece, head covering or mouth piece with a f ilter which remo ves cert ain gases or vapo urs from the air to be inh aled by the wearer for a lim ited period. It may also inco rporate a filt er to remove particulates. 1.4.12 Half fac epi ece —a close fitting device to cov er the nos e, mouth and chi n and be secured in position by suitable means. 1.4.13 Hea d coveri ng —a hood, blouse or helmet covering all or most of the head and extending where appropriate to the shoulders or wai st. It may include sleeves and is secured in position by suitable means. 1.4.14 Info rma tiv e —describ es materia l which does not form an integral part of the Standard but provid es additional information and, for reaso ns of convenience, is placed after the body of the Standard. 1.4.15 Mouthpi ece —a device designed to be held in the mouth and through which all air passes. 1.4.16 Nor mativ e —describe s material which is an integ ral part of the Stan dard and, for reasons of convenience, is place d after the body of the Standard. 1.4. 17 No se cl ip —a device designed to occlude the nostrils to prevent air inhalation. Used in conjun ction with a mouthpiece. 1.4.18 Partic ulate filte r res pir ato r —a device consisting of a half fac epiece, full facep iece or head covering with part iculate filter which removes finely divi ded solids or liquid matter from the air to be inhaled by the wearer. The filter medium may be replaceable or be an integral part of the construction. 1.4. 19 Powe red a ir-p urifyi ng resp irato r —a devic e incorporatin g a half facepi ece, full facep iece or head covering which provides the w earer with air passed through a powered filtering unit, comprising one or more f ilters, and an electrically operat ed blower unit. This respirator is referred to as PAPR. 1 0 0 2 p e S 5 0 n o g n ir e e n i g n E h g u o l C y b d e s s e c c A

1.4.20 Reg ula tor y authori ty —a minister of the Crown, a government department or commissio n, or a statu tory or publ ic authority having power to issue regul ations, orders or other instru ctions having the for ce of law in res pect of any subject covered by this Standard. 1.4.21 Resp ira tor —a personal respiratory protective device which is designed to prevent the inhala tion of contaminated a ir. 1.4. 22 Se lf-co ntain ed br ea thi ng appa ra tus (SC BA ) —a portable res pirator which supplies oxygen, air or other respirable gas from a source carried by the user. 1.4. 23

Sha ll —indicates that a statement is mandat ory.

1.4. 24

Sho ul d —indicate s a recommendation.

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1.4. 25 Si ng le use low-boi li ng poi nt fil ter —a category of filter intended to be used solely against low boiling point organic compounds during a single eight-hour shift, where the total logged period of use does not exceed the minimum specified absorption time of the filter. It is intended that the filter be discarded after such a period of use. 1.4. 26 Supplie d-air res pirato r —a device which supplies air to the wearer from a source other than the ambient atmosphere. 1.4. 27 Supplie d-oxy gen re spir ator —a device which supplies gaseous oxygen from a source of liquid or compressed oxygen carried by the wearer. 1.4. 28

Work set s —self-co ntained breath ing apparatus designed for genera l entry to or

worki ng in an area with airborne contaminants or oxyge n defici ency. 1.5 NO MIN AL VAL UE S AND TOL ERAN CE S Unless otherwi se specified, the values stated in this Standard are expressed as nominal values. Except for tempe rature limit s, values which are not stated subject to a tolerance of ±5%.

as maxima or m inima shall be

Unless otherwise specified, temperature limits in this Standard shall be subject to a tolerance of ± 1°C. Unless otherwise specified, the ambient temperature for testing shall be 23

± 3 °C.

NOTE: A table for the conversion of various pressure units is included as Appendix M.

1.6 UNIT S FO R GAS AND VAPOU R CON CENTRA TIONS Gas con centratio ns in this Standard are expressed in parts per million (p. p.m.) by volume. The following formu la can be used to convert from p.p.m. to mg/m 3:

where 24.45 = molar volume in litres at 25

°C

and 101.3 kPa

It should be noted that gravimetric units of mg/m 3 are affected by temperature and pressure variations and, when used in this Standard, are expresse d relative to standard conditions of 25 ° C and 1 atmosphere (atm), where 1 atm = 101.3 kPa.


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SECTION 2 DE SI GN A N D CO NSTRUCT ION O F AS SE MB L E D RE SP IR A TOR S 2.1

GENER AL REQ UIRE MEN TS

2.1. 1 Assem bled resp irato rs Assembl ed respirato rs shall consis t of com ponents which have been tested together as a system. The appara tus shall be constru cted from durab le components, and its vital parts shall be protected so as to preve nt damage and excessive wear during normal use. All parts shall be finished smooth and fre e fro m sharp edges and from irregularities that could be a potential hazard or cause discomfort to the wearer. 2.1.2 Materi als Respirators should be made of material s able to w ithstand storag e and normal usage in environments that are likely to be encoun tered. Material which may come in contact with the skin should be non-staining, soft, pliable and not likely to cause skin irritation. Such material shall not taste or smell offensive. Material from the filtering medium released by air f lowing through the filter shall not constitute a hazard or nuis ance to the w earer. 2.1.3 Filters Where appropriate, filters shall be r eadily r eplaceable without requi ring the use of special tools, and shall be designed or marked to prevent incorrect assembly. When the filter is desig ned to be used with a twin filter facep iece only, it shal l not be possibl e to con nect the filter to a sing le filte r facep iece unle ss by doi ng so the respi rator would also comply with the requirements for a single filter respirator. The partic ulate filter of a combined gas and particu late respi rator shall be on the influent side of the gas filter. The mass of the replacement filter (or filters) shall not exceed— (a)

300 g w hen it is to be di rectly co nnected to a h alf facepiece; and

(b)

500 g w hen it is to be di rectly co nnected to a f ull f acep iece.

2.1. 4 Shel f life Each compo nent part of the respira tor shou ld have a nom inal shelf life of at least five years when properly stored, unless otherwis e specified by the manufacturer. 2.1 .5 Com bin ed pro te cti ve eq ui pm ent Pers onal protective equipment which incorporates res pirators, safe ty helmets and eye protectors shall, if stated by the manufacturer, comply with the relevant requiremen ts of Australian or Australian/New Zealand Standards for such equipment, e.g. AS/NZS 1337 and AS 1801. 1 0 0 2 p e S 5 0 n o g n ir e e n i g n E h g u o l C y b d e s s e c c A

2.1. 6 Nois e l evel If supplied with head cove rings, powered respi rators and air- supplied respirators shall be tested for noise level in accordance with Appendix A. The noise level from the entry of air, or from the blo wer where appro priate, shall not excee d 80 dB(A), except for short duration units e.g. escape units, which shall not exceed 90 dB(A) . Noise-emitting alarms are exempt from this requirement. For this test, the head covering shall be posit ioned on the head of a test subject selected from Group B as described in Table B1 of Appendix B. 2.1.7 Protectio n aga inst exp los ion In atmospheres where the danger of fire or explosion caused by means of a s park or exces sive temperature may arise, the ‘intrinsi c safet y’ and ‘flameproo f’ propertie s of equip ment shall comply w ith and be certified to the requiremen ts of AS 2380.2, AS 2380 .7 and as appropriate, the antistatic requi rement s of AS 1020.

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NOTES: 1

‘In tri nsic safety’ is def ined in AS 238 0.7 in the follo wing term s: a circ uit in whi ch any spark or any thermal effe ct produced in the test condition s prescribed in this Stand ard (which include normal operation and specified fault condition s) is incapable of causing ignition of an explosive atmosphere.

2

‘Flamep roof enclosur e’ is def ined in AS 238 0.2 as an enclo sure for elec trical equi pment that will withs tand, witho ut damage, an explosion of a prescribed flam mable gas or vapour with in the enclosure and will prevent the transmission of flam e such as will ignit e the external prescribe d flamm able ga s or vapou r for which it is designe d, and which operates at such an external temperatu re that will not ignite a surro unding flamm able atmos phere .

3

‘Antist atic’ is def ined in AS 102 0 as bein g use d to indi cate tha t a materia l is, by vir tue of its low resistiv ity, incap able of reta ining a sign ific ant static charge when in contact with earth.

4

Atte ntion is draw n to the availability of a sche me for certi ficat ion of exp losion-prote cted electri cal equipment. Equipment so certif ied conforms to one of the explosion-protected electrical equipment Standa rds listed in publicati on MP69.

2.1. 8 Avoi dance of fri cti on al spa rks Where applicable, respirators shall not have exposed metal components manufactured from alloys of aluminium, magnesium, or titanium which, on impa ct with rusted iron or steel, are likely to produ ce sparks capable of igniting flammable gas/air mixtures. 2.1 .9 Pro tec ti on fr om fl ame The regulatory authority may require testing for flammabil ity of facepi eces, head cov erings and atta chmen ts which are intended for use in environments requiring protection fro m fir e. If required, a suitable test is given in Appendix C. When tested in accordance with Appendix C, the device shall not grossly deform, decompose or continue to burn. 2.2

FACIA L FI T

2.2.1 Genera l Facia l fit of comple te respi rators sha ll be tested by determini ng the total inward leakage of the respirator by a test aero sol of sodium chloride according to the method described in Appendix D. Perso nnel shall be selec ted in accordan ce with Appe ndix B. Where the f it of a respi rator to a particula r physiognomy, whether it be character ized by size or specific facia l features , is to be assess ed, the testing authority may selec t test personnel who con form to that physiognomy. Where approv al is given on these grounds, the manufactu rer shall label the respirator accordingly . See Claus e 11.1.1.2. Alternati ve methods of determining total inward leakage, e.g. using sulfu r hexafluoride, may be accepted by the test authority where a correlat ion with these methods and test criteria has been shown. 1 0 0 2 p e S 5 0 n o g n ir e e n i g n E h g u o l C y b d e s s e c c A

2.2.2 Asse ssm en t Total inward leakage of assembled res pirators when tested in accordance with Appendix D shall be assessed for compliance with Table 2.1. Half facepiece respirators shall be tested with the highest efficiency filters. Full facepi ece respi rators of the non-powered type may be tested with eith er P3 filter or a simulated filter blank. If any test subject records a mean inward leakage for any one test in excess of that specified in Column 2 of Table 2.1, or if the mean of the res ults of an ind ividual test subject exceeds that specifi ed in Column 1 of Table 2.1, the respir ator shall be deemed not to comply with its intended class, or have failed. Where the respirato r is sup plied in more than one size, the test subject shall be supplied with the approp riate size. A ny tes t subject whose maximu m inward leakage exceeded that specified in Table 2.1 may part icipate in a furt her test using an alter native size of the same respirator. COPYRIGHT

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TABLE 2.1 MAXIMUM TO TAL INWARD LEAKAG E PER TEST SUBJE CT Per cen t total inward leakage Respirator

Non-powered —half facepiece Class P1 filter(s) Class P2 filter(s) —Full facepiece Class P3

Mean result of test subject not to exceed

22.0 8.0

No individual exercise result to exceed

22.0 8.0

0.05

0.05

Powered Class PAPR P1 filter(s) Class PAPR P2 filter(s) Class PAPR P3 filter(s)

5.0 1.0 0.05

5.0 1.0 0.05

Air-supplied Continu ous flow Positive pressure demand Negativ e pressure demand

0.02 0.02 0.10

0.05 0.05 0.15

2.3 BREAT HIN G AND CON NEC TI NG TUBE The breathing tube or connecting tube between the facepiece and body harness or waist belt through which air is conveyed— (a)

shall be flex ible such that i t permit s free hea d movement without inte rference with the facial seal of the respirator;

(b)

shall not un duly rest rict or cl ose off the air sup ply under ch in or arm pre ssure; and

(c)

shall be capa ble of withst anding temperatu res as cl aimed by th e manufa cturer .

2.4

DE MAN D VAL VE

2.4. 1 Desi gn The design of the demand valve shall be such that it is adequately protected agains t damage and its effici ency is not impaired by any conditions likely to be encountered in normal use. Where the device includes an adjustable reducing valve, it shall incorporate a suitab le locking device to preven t the adjus tment from bein g altered accidentally. 1 0 0 2 p e S 5 0 n o g n ir e e n i g n E h g u o l C y b d e s s e c c A

The assembl y shall be prot ected by a pressure- reduc ing safety valve or mechanism if the demand valve and associated fittings cannot withstand the full cylinder pressure. Breathing shall be possible at the maxi mum operating pressu re of the pressu re safety valve or safety mechanism. 2.4.2 Mode of o perat ion Where the dema nd valve has both a negat ive and a posit ive pressure m ode of oper ation, changeover from one mode to the other shall be by means of simple adjustment and shall not require repl acemen t of any component of the demand valve or exhalation valve system. It shall not be possible to connect a negative pressure demand valve to a positive pressure facepiece or vice versa.

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SE CTION 3

3.1

AS/NZS 1716:1994

FACEPIECES AND HEAD COVERIN GS

DESI GN REQ UIREM ENTS

3.1.1

Genera l

Each facepi ece or head cov ering shall comp ly with the fol lowing:

(a)

Be des igned to fit a w ide ran ge of facia l contours and head si zes of th e workp lace population. More than one size of any individual design of fac epiece may be manufactured to fit a larger proportion of the population.

(b)

Be supp orted on the head or sho ulders by su itable means so th at the devi ce remain s in position during normal work practices, especially when the wearer bends forward from the waist.

(c)

Permit the component parts likely to requ ire serv ice to be readily det ached for maintenan ce and cleaning , but be secure against accidental disconnection.

(d)

Where the head co vering has be en designated by the man ufactu rer as bei ng suitable for abrasiv e blasting, the construction shall provide physical protection to the wearer’s head , shoulders and uppe r part of the chest against rebounding abrasives . Helmets fit ted with a visor which is supported in a hinged frame shal l have a means for secur ely f astening the frame in its closed position so that it cannot be ope ned inadvertently.

(e)

Where an inn er bib is pro vided as pa rt of the hea d cov ering, it shall be of a mate rial which will prevent or res tri ct the flow of air through it. The bib may have a drawstr ing or elasticized neck band or cuff to draw the bib closely around the wearer’ s neck. The hood or bib shall be readily removable for cleaning or

replacement. The design of the facepi ece or head covering should cause the least possi ble interferenc e with speech and vision. The full fac epiece should be designed to minimize misting of the fac e mas k, e.g. by provision of orinasal inserts or nose cups. It should also permit the use of special spectacles designed for use witho ut templ e pieces, so that airtigh tness is not affected . Full facepie ces should incorporate facili ties for speech transmissi on. The compon ents of any electrically operated speech transmission device shall be ‘intrinsically safe’ or ‘flameproof’ (see Clause 2.1.7) if they are to be used in flammable atmospheres. Where the us e of the appara tus is inten ded solely for escape , a mouth piece and nose clip may be incorporated in place of a facep iece. 1 0 0 2 p e S 5 0 n o g n ir e e n i g n E h g u o l C y b d e s s e c c A

3.1.2 Exhal ati on valve ass emb ly Where exh alation valves are inco rporated into the facepiece they shall be of the self-closing type, i.e. they shall not rem ain ope n aft er outward airfl ow has ceased. The exhalation valve assemb ly shall be protected from mechanica l damage. 3.1.3

Mouthp iec e and nos e cl ip

3.1.3.1 General be supplied. 3.1.3.2

Where the resp irator incorporates a mouthpiece a nose clip shall also

Mouthpiece

The mouthpiece shall—

(a)

prevent sal iva from d raining int o the filt er;

(b)

provide an airt ight seal when he ld firmly and with out undue discomfor t in the wearer’s mouth;

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(c)

include a flange for th e supp ort of the mou thpiece between the tee th and lip s, and lugs to keep the teeth apart;

(d)

prevent clo sure of th e mout hpiece by mout h pressure; and

(e)

be secu red in p osition by su itable mean s to ens ure th at the mou thpiece will not fal l out when the wearer’s mouth is relaxed.

3.1.3.3 Nose clip The nose clip shall be desig ned so as to effect the maximum poss ible security against displacement or slipping, for example, if the weare r should receive a chance blow, or stumble, or whose nose becomes wet with perspirat ion. Suitable m eans shall be prov ided for attac hing the nose clip to the mouthp iece. The nose cli p shall be so positioned that, when inserting the mouthpiece, the user is made aware of the need to apply the nose clip. 3.1.4 Facepi ece connec tor The connection between the fac epiece and the demand valve shall be achieved by permanent or special type connection. It shall not be possible to connect a negative pressure demand valve to a positive pressure facepiece and vice versa. 3.2

PERFO RMANCE REQUIREM ENTS

3.2. 1 Faci al fit In combin ation with othe r components, e.g. filte rs and air supp ly, the assembled respirat or shall provide adequate protection either by means of a facial seal or by the provis ion of posi tive pressure in the space enclosed by the r espirator, or by both , to minimize the entry of the ambient atmosphere. The adequacy of facial fit shall be tested by determining the total inwar d leakage in accordance with Clause 2.2. When carry ing out the test procedure, none of the wearers shal l experience any und ue discomf ort on accou nt of the fit, air delivery, or any ot her featu re of the respi rator. 3.2. 2 Accu mu lat ed car bon di oxid e All face pieces and head coverings, with the exception of half face pieces and oxy gen SCBA, shall be tested for the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the breath ing zone. When teste d in accordan ce with Paragraph E5 .3 of Appendix E, the carbon dioxide content of inha led air shall not exceed 1% volum e, except that for smoke masks it shal l not exceed 2% by volume. For breathing apparatus of the escape type, refer to the requirements shown in Figur e 9.1. 3.2. 3 Posi ti ve pr es sur e te st This test applies to continuous flow positive pressu re respirators. No fewer than two respirators shall be submitted for test and all shall pass the test requirements.


When tested in accordance with Paragr aph E5.5 of Appendix E, during the resp iratory cycle of the test, a positive pressure of at least 2.5 Pa (0.25 mm H 2O) shall be maintained in the space encl osed by the f acepiece or head coverin g, except in the immed iate vicinity of the inha lation point. The appara tus shall be tested w ith any regula ting device adjusted to both its highest and lowest flow rates. The testing of air-lin e respi rators shall be carried out at the manufactu rer’s recom mended range of supply pressures. 3.2. 4

Exhala tion val ve

3.2.4.1 General housing.

This Claus e shall apply to the exhal ation valve assembly inc luding the

Where the assembly consists of two or more comp onents in parall el, the performanc e requireme nts shall apply to the combin ation and not to each compon ent separatel y. Where the respirator is desi gned so that the f iltering medium is an inte gral part of the facepiece constructio n, the exhala tion valve shall be tested in isolation . COPYRIGHT

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3.2.4.2 Leakage The exhal ation valve or fitti ng surface of the facepiec e shall be sealed to a former an d, where approp riate, the inlet air opening of the f acepiece seale d. When tested with air at a constant suction head of 250 Pa, the leakage into the facepiece from the valve or valves and any leakage as appropriate from around the eyepiece or visor shall not exceed 30 mL/mi n. During the test, both valve(s) and seat ing shall be free of moisture. NOTE: A typical test arrangement is given in Appendix F.

3.2. 5 Exhala tion resis tance of ai r f ilte ring respira tors with a fac epiec e When tested in accordance with Appe ndix G at a continuous flow rate of 85 ± 2 L/min, the exhalation resistance of the entire assembly, measured relative to the static pressure in the facepiece, shall not exceed: (a)

For a ll full facepieces . . . . . . . . 200 Pa .

(b)

For all half facepieces

. . . . . . . 120 Pa.

NOTES: 1

In the case of neg ative pres sure assemb lies, the static p ressure in the face piece will be equa l to zero.

2

In the case of a powe red respir ator, the ex halati on resist ance is meas ured with the po wer source switched on.

3.2.6 Sec uri ty of a ttac hme nts All fittin gs direc tly attached to the f acepiece including filter recep tacles, exhalation valve housing, speech diaphragms and demand valves shall be tested for security of attachment when assembled in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. The attachment shall withstand an axial tensile force of 50 N for 10 s. Each stra p, buckle and its attachment to a full face piece shall withstand an axial tensile force of 150 N appli ed for 10 s in the direc tion of pullin g when the f acepiece is fitted . Each strap, buckle and its attachment to a half face piece shall w ithstand an axia l tensile force of 10 N applied for 10 s in the direction of pulling when the facepiece is fitted. NOTE: Exhalation valve covers and straps not forming part of the securing harness are excluded from this requirement.


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SECT ION 4

P A R T I C U L ATE RESPIRATORS

FILTER

4.1 DE SIG N AN D CONS TR UCTI ON The design and construc tion of a particulate filter shall be such that, when combi ned or incorpo rated with the appropriate facep iece or head covering it shall provide protection against particulates in accordance with its class. The respirator shall be designed so all the inhaled air passes through the filter or filters. Part iculate filt er resp irators shall comply with Sect ions 2, 3 and 11, as appropriate. A filter shall comply with Clause 4.3. 4.2

CLASSIFI CATION AND COMPO NENTS

4.2.1 Cla sse s efficiency:

Three classe s of partic ulate filter are differ entiat ed according to filterin g

(a)

Class P1—int ended for use ag ainst mechan ically genera ted pa rticu lates of siz es mos t commonly encount ered in industry, e.g. chrysoti le, s ilica.

(b)

Class P2—intended for use against both mechanically and thermally generated particulates, e.g. metal fume.

(c)

Class P3—int ended for use against all partic ulates includ ing highly toxi c materials , e.g. beryllium.

4.2.2 Comp on ents Clause 4.3.

The resp irator shall include a particulate fil ter complying with

It may incorporate—


(a)

a full or half fa cepiece, a head cov erin g, or a mout hpiece held secu rely in posi tion by a head harness;

(b)

an exhalation valv e or exhalation val ve assembl y;

(c)

an in halation val ve or in halation valve as sembly;

(d)

one or more filter holders;

(e)

one or more flexible bre athing tube s;

(f)

a bel t or harn ess t o atta ch the f ilter or fil ters to th e wearer’ s body; and

(g)

a gas and vapour filt er com plying with Clause 5.4 .

4.3


4.3.1 Genera l The performan ce requir ements speci fied in Clause 4.3 shall app ly to the whole filt er and inlet valve assembly where applicable, including all the parts through which the inhaled air passes. 4.3.2 Simu la ted rou gh usa ge Before testing for inhalation resistance and filtering efficie ncy, all f ilters enclosed in separate rigid con tainers shall be subjected to simulat ed rough usage in accordance with Appendix H. At the conclusion of the test, the filters shall show no visible deterioration and, when tested for inhalation res istance and filter efficiency, shall comply with the relevant requirements. 4.3. 3 Simu la ted wear Respirators which have no exhalation valve, or where a substantial proportion of the exhal ed air pas ses back throug h the f ilter, shall be sub ject to exhaled air humidit y pre-con ditioning in accordance with Parag raph E5.6 of Appen dix E. All filters shall then be tested for filtering efficiency.

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4.3.4 Inha latio n res is tanc e When tested in accordance with Appendix G with a continuous stream of air passing through the assembly at a defined rate , the resi stance imposed by the assembly shall not exceed the values given in Table 4.1. When each filter of a twin filter respirat or is tested separatel y, the airflow specified f or a test shall be halv ed. If, howe ver, it is possible that the single filter may be used alon e, then the full airflow shall be used. Where a particulate filter is combined with a gas filter, the inhalation maximum resistanc e specified for the gas f ilter in Clause 5.4.4 s hall apply. NOTE: This test is not applicable to filters used in powered air-purifying respirators.

TABLE 4.1 INHALATION RESISTANCE

Filter class

Filte r asse mbly only maximum resistanc e (Pa)* At 30

P1 P2 P3 *

±1

L /m in

60 70 120

1 mbar = 100 Pa = 10 mm H

A t 9 5 ±2 L /m in 210 240 420

2

Assem bled resp irat or maximum resistanc e (Pa)* A t 3 0 ±1 L /m in 110 120 170

A t 9 5 ±2 L/min 340 370 570

0

4.3. 5 Test of fil te rin g ef fic ienc y When sealed to a suitable for mer, and tested in accordance with Appendix I, the filters shall not show penetration in excess of the following: Non-powered respirator filter s

(a)

Class P1

. . . . . . . . . no t more than 2 0%.

(b)

Class P 2

. . . . . . . . . not more t han 6%.

(c)

Class P3

. . . . . . . . . not more th an 0.05%.

The test shall be perform ed at the flowrat e required for the inhalation resi stance test for the particular class of filter (see Clauses 4.3.4 and 5.4.4). When a single filter of a twin f ilter resp irator is tested separately, the air flow speci fied for this test shall be halved. If it is possible that the single filter may be used in a single filter respirator, then the full airflow shall be used.


NOTE: Having establis hed complianc e with the St andard by the above method, manufacturers may use an alternative test method for production control purposes. Either the method described in BS 2577 or an oil mist test may be use d provided that the penetrat ion equivalence to the sodium chloride aerosol of the chosen method has been demonstrated for the same type of filter.

4.3. 6 Filt ers use d in seri es Where a separat e particulate filter is used in series wit h any other filter, the particulate penetration shall also be tested in the combined configuration in accordanc e w ith Claus e 4.3.5.

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SECT ION 5

GAS AND VAPOUR FILTE R RESPIRATORS

5.1 DE SIG N AN D CO NST RU CTI ON The des ign and construction of a gas filter shall be such that, when co mbined with the design ated facepiece, head cov ering or filter holder, the complete respi rator shall provid e protec tion in accorda nce with one or more of the types and classes of filte rs given in this Secti on. The respirator shall be des igned so that all the inhaled air pas ses throug h one or more f ilters. Gas filt er respirators shall comply with Sections 2, 3 and 11 as appropriate. The filter shall comply with Clause 5.4. 5.2 TYPES O F FIL TE R Each filte r type shall be desi gnated by a letter or chemi cal abbreviation indicative of the substance or group of substan ces against which prote ction is intended. A class number indicates the level of absorption capacity. If a filter is a combination of types , it shall meet the r equiremen ts of each type separat ely. The designation of filter type shall comply with one or a combination of the following:


Type A

—

for use ag ainst ce rtain o rganic ga ses and vapours as specified by the manufacturer.

Type B

—

for u se against c ertai n inorganic gas es and vapours a s specified by the manufacturer ( excluding carbon monoxide) .

Type E

—

for u se a gainst su lfur di oxide and ot her acid g ases a nd va pours as specified by the manufacturer.

Type G

—

for u se ag ainst ce rtain or ganic co mpounds wit h vapour pr essures l ess than 1.3 Pa (0.01 mm Hg) at 25 °C as specified by the manufacturer. These filters shall have an integral parti culate filte r with an effici ency at least equivalent to that of a P1 filter.

Type K

—

for use against ammonia and organic ammonia derivatives a s specified by the manufactu rer.

Type AX

—

for u se a gainst low b oiling poi nt or ganic comp ounds as s pecified by the manufacturer (boiling point less than 65 ° C).

Type NO

—

for use against oxides of nitrogen.

Type Hg

—

for use against metallic merc ury.

Type MB

—

for use against methyl bromi de.

Specific Chemical Type

—

for use aga inst one or mo re spe cific che micals not falling in to any of the abov e type descripti ons. The filter is identi fied by the name of that chemical. Additiona l particulat e filtration may be prov ided.

5.3 CLASSIFI CATION AND COMPO NENT PARTS 5.3.1 Cla sse s of fil ter Filters shall be classif ied in one of the follo wing: Class AUS—low absorption capacity filters. Class 1—low to medium absorpt ion capacity filters. Class 2—medium absorption

capacit y f ilters.

Class 3—high absorpti on capacity filters. NOTE : Class AUS and Class 1 filte rs were previously designated as cartrid ges and Class 3 filters as canisters.

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5.3.2 Comp on ent p art s The resp irator shall include a gas filter complying with the appropriate requirements of Clause 5.4. It may also incorporate— (a)

a full or hal f facepiece, and a head co vering or mo uthpiece held secu rely in po sition by a head harness;

(b)

an exhalation valv e or exhalation val ve assembl y;

(c)

an in halation val ve or in halation valve as sembly;

(d)


(e)

one or more flexible bre athing tube s;

(f)

belt or harn ess to attach th e filter (or f ilte rs) to th e wearer’s body; and

(g)

a particulate filt er co mplying with Clause 4.3 .

Where the use of the apparatus is intended solely for escape, either a hood or a mouthpiece and nos e clip may be incor porate d in place of a facepi ece (see Secti on 7). 5.4


5.4.1 Genera l Perf orm ance requireme nts shall apply to the whole filter(s) and inhalation valve assembly, where applicable, including all the parts through whic h the inhaled air passes. Tests shall be carried out in the sequence of Clauses 5.4.3, 5.4.4, 5.4.5. 5.4.2 Partic ula te fil tra tio n effi cienc y If a gas fil ter is combined with a particulate filter, the combin ed filter shall meet the penet ratio n requirement for the particula te filter (see Clau se 4.3.5) in addition to the require ments of Claus es 5.4.4 and 5.4.5. Type G f ilters and HgAUSP1 shall meet the requ irements of Type P1 filters. HgP3 filters shall meet the requirements of Type P3 filters. Type NO filters shall meet the requirements of Type P3 filters. 5.4.3 Simu la ted ro ug h usa ge Before testing for inhalation resistance and filtering capacity, all filters enclosed in separate rigid containers shall be subj ected to simulat ed rough usage in accordan ce with Appendix H. At the conc lusion of the proced ure, filte rs shall show no visib le deterioratio n and, w hen test ed for inhal ation resist ance and filterin g capacity, shall comply with relev ant requireme nts. Other filte rs are to be subjected to the rough usage test in the pack aging in w hich they are offered for sale. 5.4. 4


Inhal atio n resis tance

Filter resistan ce for:

(a)

When tes ted in accordance with Ap pendix G, at a Class AUS and Type G filt ers continuous airflow rate of 85 ± 2 L/min, the resista nce imposed by the resp irator filter assembly shall not exceed 500 Pa (50 mm H 20).

(b)

Classes 1, 2 and 3 filters When tested in accordance with Appendix G, at continuous airflow rates of 30 L ± 1 L/min and 95 L ± 2 L/min, the resista nce imposed by the respirator assembly shall not exceed the values in Table 5.1.

Where a combination of particul ate and gas/v apour filte rs are in use, the total inhalation resistance shall not exceed that specified above for the appropriate class of filter. When a single filter of a twin filter respirator is tested separately, the airflow specified for a test shall be halved. If, however, it is possible that the single filter may be used alone, the full air flow shall be used. Where a particulate filte r is combi ned with a gas filte r, the inhalation resistan ce of the gas filter shall apply. NOTE: This test is not applicable to filters used in powered air-purifying respirators.

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TABLE 5.1 MAXIMUM INHALATION RESISTANCE

Filter class types A, B, E and K

Fil ter ass embly only maximum resistanc e (Pa)* At 30 ±1 L /m in

*

A t 9 5 ±2 L /m in

Assem bled resp irat or maximum resistanc e (Pa)* A t 3 0 ±1 L /m in

A t 9 5 ±2 L/min

11-P1 1-P2 1-P3

100 160 170 220

400 610 640 820

150 210 220 270

530 740 770 950

22-P1 2-P2 2-P3

140 200 210 260

560 770 800 980

190 250 260 310

690 900 930 1 130

33-P1 3-P2 3-P3

160 220 230 280

640 850 880 1 060

210 270 280 330

790 1 000 1 030 1 210

Special types NO-P3 HG-P3

260 260

980 980

310 310

1 130 1 130

AX AX-P1 AX-P2 AX-P3

140 200 210 260

560 770 800 980

190 250 260 310

690 900 930 1 130

1 mbar = 100 Pa = 10 mm H

2

0

5.4.5 Filter capa city When tested for filter capacity, filters shall comply with the appropriate break through conditions given in Tables 5.2 and 5.3. A ssessment of each filte r type shall requi re the testin g of not less than three filters. The perfor mance requ iremen ts shall apply to the filt er or f ilters and inhalation valve assembly where applicable and include all components through which the air passes. When a single filter of a twin filter respirator is tested separately, the airflow specified for a test shall be halv ed. If, however, it is possible that a single filter may be used alon e, then the full airflow shall be used. The condit ions of test shall comply with the follow ing:


± 10% at

(a)

The tol eran ce on t est gas concentration shall be

(b)

The test gas sh all be p assed thr ough the filt er at a con tinuous flow o f 30

atmos pheric pressu re.

(c)

The rel ative humidity (RH) shall be 70

(d)

The test temperatur e shall be 23

(e)

For each test g as, a ne w corresp onding f ilter sh all be us ed. Type B1 , Type B2 and Type B3 filters shall be tested with the three nominated gases.

±1

L/min.

± 5%.

±3 °C.

Methods of test for breakthrough times shall be chosen so that the accuracy of detection is within 20% of the allowable breakthrough concentration. The met hod used may be infrared absorption spectrosc opy, gas chromat ography, colorimetry or some other metho d as stipu lated by the approving authority. If colori metric methods are used, they shall be calibrate d with reference to the allowable breakthrough concentration. Where the average test gas concentration used is not that specified in Table 5.2, the recorded breakthroug h time shall be adjusted by simple proportio n. COPYRIGHT

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Specific chemical type filters other than Hg, NO and MB, may be approved in consultation with the regulato ry authority . TABLE 5.2 NON-POWERED RESPIRATORS—GAS AND VAPOUR FILTER CAPACITY Breakthroug h conditions T yp e

Test gas concentration

Test gas or vapour

C la s s

p.p.m. by volume

concentration p.p.m. by volume

Minimum life min

A A A A

AU S 1 2 3

CC l 4 CC l 4 CC l 4 CC l 4

1 000 1 000 5 000 10 000

5 10 10 10

20 80 40 60

B B

AU S 1

B

2

B

3

C l2 C l2 H 2S HC N C l2 H 2S HC N C l2 H 2S HC N

1 000 1 000 1 000 1 000 5 000 5 000 5 000 10 000 10 000 10 000

0.5 0.5 10 10 0.5 10 10 0.5 10 10

20 20 40 25 20 40 25 30 60 35

E E E

1 2 3

SO 2 SO 2 SO 2

1 000 5 000 10 000

5 5 5

20 20 30

G

— C C

K K K

1 2 3

l4

NH 3 NH 3 NH 3

50

5

15

1 000 5 000 10 000

25 25 25

50 40 60

AX

—

CH 3OC H3 i-C 4H 10

500 2 500

5 5

50 50

NO

—

NO NO 2

2 500 2 500

5 5

20 20

5 000 10 000

5 5

30 30

MB


Breakthrough

2 3

CH 3Br CH 3Br

NOTES: 1 See Claus e 1.6 for con version of gas conce ntrations from p.p.m . to mg/m 3. 2 CH 3OC H3 = Dimeth yl ether 3 i-C 4H 10

= Isobutane

5.4.6 Addi tio nal req uire ments for filt ers the following requirements also apply:

As well as the requi rements of Table 5.2,

(a)

Type NO f ilters. Bo th NO and NO 2 may be present in the efflue nt air. The total concentratio n of NO + N O 2 shall not exceed 5 p.p.m. (by volume) at breakthrough.

(b)

Where hydrogen cy anide is th e test gas, C 2N 2 may also be present in the effluent air. The total air concentration of C 2N2 plus HCN shall not exceed 10 p.p.m. (by volume) at breakthrough.

(c)

Type Hg filters a re intended for

metallic mercury only.

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TABLE 5.3 NON-POWERED RESPIRATORS—VAPOUR FILTER CAPACITY Breakthroug h conditions Type

Hg Hg

Particulate filter class

AUSP1 P3

Test vapour

Test vapour concentration mg/m3

Hg Hg

1.0 13.0

Breakthrough concentration mg/m3

Minimum life min

0.05 0.1

500 6 000

5.4.7 Deso rption Type AX filt ers and specif ic chemical type filters where the orga nic compound has a boiling point of less than 65 ° C shall be tested for desorption. NOTE : The purpose of this test is to ensure that the test mediu m does not release adsorbed gases with respect to time.

Where the filter is marked ‘SINGLE USE ON LY’ , compliance with this test is not required. The test procedure shall be as follows: (a)

Each of three fresh fil ters sh all be loaded with th e appropriate test gas for a per iod equal to half the minimum life given in Table 5.2. The test conditions given in Clause 5.4.5 shall apply.

(b)

Seal and st ore the l oaded filt ers at approximately 20 °C for a period of 3

(c)

Pass clean air at a ra te of 3 0 filter for a period of 2 h.

(d)

During this period, the test gas in th e efflu ent ai r shall no t exceed the brea kthrough concentrations given in Table 5.2.

±1

L/m, and at 70


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± 5%

RH and 23

± 3°C,

±1

days.

through the

23

SECTION 6

AS/NZS 1716:1994

POWE RE D AI R -PUR IF YIN G RESPIRATORS

6.1 DESI GN AND CONST RUCTI ON The desig n and cons tructi on of the r espirator shall be such that the complete assembly will prov ide protection in accordance with its type and filter capacity against airb orne contaminants, either particulate or gaseous or both. Powered air-p urifying res pirators shall comply with Sections 2, 3, 4, 5 and 11, as appropriate, in addition to the pr ovisions of this S ection. The respirator shall— (a)

provide the wearer with fi ltered air f or no t less than a de fine d perio d;

(b)

provide a pos itive air pr essu re in th e wearer’s breath ing zone so as to min imize the entry of unfiltered air;

(c)

when fitt ed with a hal f face piece or full facep iece, pr ovide an ade quate seal whic h will minimize entry of the ambient atmosphere; and

(d)

permi t the component parts likely to requ ire service to be readily detached for maintenance and cleaning but be secure against accidental disconnection.

Where the respi rator incorporates an integ ral power supply, it shoul d be easil y portable on the wearer’ s person, including a separate battery pack, where appropriate. If not incorpo rating an integr al power supply, the r espirator should be provided with f acilities which— (i)

permit easy connection/disconnection to an external pow er supp ly of l ess than 30 V;

(ii)

and where polar ity of suppl y is imp ortant, prevent r evers al of power s upply connections.

All power supply devices used with powered respirato rs and for rechargi ng battery packs shall comply with the requirements of AS 3108. See also Clause 2.1.7. 6.2 6.2.1


CO MPO NEN TS Facepi ece typ e

The app aratus sha ll normally con sist of—

(a)

a full face piece or a half face piece hel d securely in posi tion by a he ad harn ess;

(b)

an exhalation va lve or valves;

(c)

where re quired, a flexible bre athing tube;

(d)

where requ ired, a powered fil tering unit comprisin g—

(e) 6.2.2

(i)

a filter or filters;

(ii)

where required, a filter holder or holders;

(iii) (iv)

a blower unit; a bat tery pack, or a means of connection to an ext ernal power sup ply, as appropriate; and

where re quired, a waist belt or body ha rness. Hood or he lmet ty pe

The appa ratus shal l normally con sist of—

(a)

a head covering;

(b)

a mea ns of di ffusing the air e ntering the ho od or hel met;

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(c)

a powered f iltering unit comp rising— (i)

a filter or filters;

(ii)

where required, a filter holder or holders;

(iii)

a blower unit;

(iv)

a bat tery pack, or a means of connection to an ext ernal power supply, as appropriate;

(d)

where required , a shou lder cape or jack et with or with out sleeves , which may ex tend to the waist;

(e)

where re quired, a flexible bre athing tube;

(f)

where required, an inner bib; and

(g)

where re quired, a wai st belt or body har ness.

6.3


6.3. 1 Batt ery Where the respi rator inco rpora tes an integ ral power supply, the batter y shall be of the non-spillable type and, unless of a sealed type , shall incorporate a safe venting device. Operational battery life shall be sufficie nt f or respir ators to comply w ith Clause 3.2.3. All powere d air-purifying respirators incorporating a battery pack shall be capable of supplying filter ed air at the appropri ate rate to m aintain the positive press ure for a period of not less than 4 h, without replacement of the battery. Facilities should be provided to permit the wearer o f the hood or hel met to confirm the receipt of an airflow sufficient to maintain a positive pressure inside the helmet. NOTES: 1

Care sh ould be take n to ensur e that the metho d of measurement does not substa ntially alte r

2

the flow through powered units. Units capable of sup plying f ilter ed air suffici ent to main tain the requ ired positiv e pressure for more than four hours may be assessed by the testing authority over a longer period.

6.3. 2 Par ti cu late fil ter s Particulate filters used with a PAP R when tested in accordance with Appen dix I shall not show penet ratio ns in excess of thos e given below. Each filter shall be tested at the flow rat e of the respirator when fitted with a fully charged battery (meas ure after 30 mins running time). When a PAPR ha s more than one filter connected in parall el, each filter shall be tested at the calcul ated average flow rate passing throu gh it.


(a)

Class PAP R-P1 . . . . . not mo re th an 5%.

(b)

Class PAPR -P2 . . . . . not more than 1% .

(c)

Class PAPR -P3 . . . . . not m ore than 0. 05%.

6.3. 3 Gas fil ter s Gas filte rs used with a PAPR sha ll compl y with eit her Class 1, 2 or 3 as given in Tabl e 5.2 when tested at the average flow rate measured through the filter in the PAPR unit when it is operating at the flow rate of the respirator as measured in Clause 6.3.1. NOTE : The high airfl ow through the filter of capacity to achieve adequate time of protection.

the PAPR requires that the filter has great er

Alternatively, the foll owing equation may be used to convert the brea kthrough time achieved under other test conditions to an equivalent breakthrough time which would be achieved if the filt er were test ed at the average flow rate measured when attached to a PAPR operatin g at full capacity:

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AS/NZS 1716:1994

where

α = absorption time (min) us ed to calcu late equiv alence to cla ss in Table 5.2 Ω β δ γ

= test flow ra te, in li tres per min ute = experimen tal minimum absorp tion time, i n minut es = number of filte rs us ed in the system = average tota l airflow of PAPR, in litre s per min ute (see Cl ause 6.3).

Example

β = 50 min w hen test ed at A2 f ilter con ditions γ = 150 L/min δ = 3 Ω = 30 L/min

Therefore the value obtained may be used to show that an A2 (non- PAPR) filter givin g a breakthrough time of 50 min und er standard flow-rat e conditions, when used in a PAPR incorpo rating three A2 filters, would provi de a breakt hrough time of 30 min. Therefore , this system would have a lower capacity than a single A2 filte r used in a non-powere d air-purifying respirator, and the filter system must be classed as PAPR-A1. With demand type flow-control powered air-purify ing respirators, the calculation of minimum life may be determined by using the average flow rate through the filter system when measured using a breathing machine as specified in Paragraph E4(a) of Appendix E. 6.3.4 Combi ned fi lters Gas filt ers with eith er an integral or detach able particulate filter shall compl y with both the requirements of Clauses 6.3.2 and 6.3.3. Coarse dust pre-filters intended to prolong filter life are exempt from this requirement.


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AS/NZS 1716:1994

SECTION 7

ES CA PE RES PIRAT OR S — FIL TRA TI ON TY PE

7.1 DE SIG N AND CONST RUCT IO N The design and construction of an escape respirator of the filtration type shall be such that when the filter is combined or incorporated with the appr opria te facepi ece or head coverin g it shall provide protect ion in an emerge ncy agains t a specif ic hazard . This Section does not refer to routine work and rescu e resp irators which are cove red in Sections 5, 6, 9 and 10. The unit shall be designed so that all inhaled air passes through the filter. Filtration type escape respirators shall comply with Sections 2, 3, 4, 5 and 11, as appropriate, in additio n to this Sectio n. 7.2

CLASS IFICA TIO N Filtration type escape respirat ors are clas sified as follows:

(a)

Filter self-r escue r (mines) —for self-rescue f rom carbon monoxide and combust ion products relea sed in an explosion or under ground fire.

(b)

Smoke mask —for self-rescue from mine fires.

(c)

Filter self-resc uer (industrial) —for self-rescu e from specified gases accidentally released in an industrial or laboratory situation.

7.3

FILT ER SELF-RESCUE R (MINES)

7.3.1 (a)

Comp on ents

combustion products in other than undergro und

The apparatus shall normally con sist of the follo wing components :

An ai rtight ca se wi th ca rryi ng attachment.

(b)

A mouthpiece and nose clip.

(c)

A suitable h ead harness.

(d)

An active element.

(e)

A chin guard.

(f)

An exhalation valve or ex halation valv e assemb ly.

(g)

A heat exchanger.

It may also incorporate—


(i)

a saliva trap; and

(ii)

an inlet valve or i nlet va lve assemb ly.

7.3.2

Carry ing cas e

7.3.2.1 General The carry ing case shall be compact, lightweight and of airtight construction and shall be fitted with a carrying attachment. The case and a carryi ng attachment shall be adequately protected against corrosi on and damage in underground atmospheres and working conditions. 7.3.2.2 Fit with act ive elem ent The case sh all be des igned to be a close fit arou nd the active element to prevent movement within the case. The design shall be such as to enable the active element to be easily withdrawn from the case and donned in difficult conditions, such as in darkness and restricte d space. The active element shall be packed so that if damage to the case prevents complete withdrawa l, it shall still be poss ible to use the respirator. COPYRIGHT

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7.3.2.3 Seal The devic e which provid es the ai rtight seal shall be constructed so tha t the seal can be rapidly broken without the use of special tools, but be secure against accidental opening. Where the seal has been broken, this shall be obvious by visual inspection. 7.3.3 Mouthp iec e and no se cl ip accordance with Clause 3.1.3.

The mouthpiece and nose clip shall be desi gned in

7.3. 4 Head harn es s The head harness shall, by its design, achieve the intent of Clause 3.1.1(b). 7.3.5

Acti ve elem ent

The filte r shall no rmall y consist of—

(a)

an external detachable coa rse parti culate fil ter;

(b)

a par ticu late filter on the i nlet and ou tlet sides of the elem ent;

(c)

an abso rbent to remov e atmos pheric contaminants including moisture, other than carbon monoxide, which m ay have an advers e effect on the catalyst;

(d)

a cata lyst or some oth er means for con verting carbon mo noxide in dry air to car bon dioxide; and

(e)

a metal housing.

7.3. 6 Chin gu ard A chin guard shall no rmally be provided to protec t the wearer’s ch in from heat generated by the equipment. 7.3. 7 Exha latio n va lve The design of the exhalation Clause 3.1.2.

valve shall comply with

7.3.8 Heat exc han ger The heat exchanger shall be fitte d betwee n the active element and the mout hpiece. It shall be so cons truc ted that when in use, it absorbs heat from the inhaled mixture and releases heat to the exhaled mixture. 7.3 .9

Mass

7.3. 10

The mass of the compl ete apparatus shoul d not exc eed 1200 g.

Perf orman ce requir emen ts

7.3.10.1 Simulated rough usage Before testing for breat hing res istance and filter efficie ncy, the self-rescu er shall be subject to simulated r ough usage in accorda nce with Appendix H. At the conclusion of the test, the self-rescuer shall show no visible deterioration. 7.3.10.2 Breathing resis tance Paragraph E5.1 of Appendix E—


During the simulated breathing tests described in

(a)

the inha lation resi stance shal l not exc eed 900 Pa; and

(b)

the exha lation resi stance sha ll not excee d 200 Pa .

7.3.10.3 Carbon monoxide filtering efficiency During the simulated breat hing test descri bed in Paragraph E5.1 of Appendix E in an atmosphere of 0.25% by volume of carbon monoxide— (a)

the total bon mon passing through the acti ve elemen t during the period of vo testlume shallof notcar exceed 400oxide mL; and

(b)

at no time du ring the test shal l the concentration of carb on mon oxide exceed 400 p.p.m. (by volume).

7.3.10.4 Temper ature of purifie d air Durin g the simulat ed breath ing test describe d in Parag raph E5.2 of A ppendix E in an atmosp here of 1.5% by volume of carbon monox ide, the temperature of the air at or in the mouthpiece shall not exceed 90 °C. 7.3.10.5 Leaka ge test vapour leakage.

The self-rescu er shall be subjec ted to the foll owing test for wate r

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Submerge the assembled apparatus in a water bath at 80 bath at 23 ± 3° C for 16 h.

± 3°C

for 8 h and then in a water

At the end of this test, the mass of the self-rescuer shall not increase by more than 5 g. 7.3.10.6 Assembled respirator test After rem oving the apparatus fro m the sealed container, a number of person s, selecte d by the testing authority, s hall don the apparatu s and enter a gas chamb er containing air at a tempe rature of 23 ± 3° C and an RH of 50% to 70%. The following 60 min work cycle shall be performed while wearing the apparatus: (a)

Twel ve min as cending and desc ending two steps, each ha ving a ris e of 22 0 mm, at a rate of 12 times per minute.

(b)

Four min res t.

(c)

Twel ve mi n walk ing at a r ate o f 6.5 k m/h o n lev el gr ound.

(d)

Four min res t.

(e)

Repeat St eps (a), (b ), (c) and (d ).

While carr ying out the test proc edure, none of the wearers shal l experie nce any undue discomf ort or impai rment of efficie ncy on accou nt of fit, the functioning of the filter, or any other feature of the apparatus. 7.4

SM OKE MAS K

7.4.1 Comp on ents parts: (a)

The respirator normall y shall consist of the following component

A head cov ering which ma y incorporate a half fac epiece.

(b) A filter or filters. It may also inco rporat e inhalation or exhalation valves or both. 7.4. 2

Perf orman ce requ iremen ts

7.4.2.1 Water immersion After bei ng subjected to simulat ed rough usage in accordan ce with Appe ndix H, the packaged respi rator shall be immersed in water at 23 ± 3° C for 16 h, after which the mass of the respirator shall not have increased by more than 1%. This test shall be sealed.

carried out on the small est cont ainer that is inten ded to be hermetica lly

After bei ng assessed for res istan ce to water imm ersion as 7.4.2.2 Inhalati on resistance descri bed in Clause 7.4.2.1, the breath ing resi stance shall be determin ed in accordance with Appendix G, with a continuous stream of air at 85 ± 1.0 L/mi n. The inhalation resistance shall not exceed 800 Pa and the exhalation resistance 300 Pa. 1 0 0 2 p e S 5 0 n o g n ir e e n i g n E h g u o l C y b d e s s e c c A

7.4.2.3 Temperature of purified air Aft er being assessed for res istance to water immersion as in Clause 7.4.2.1, the respirator shall be tested in accordance with Para graph E5 .2 of Appendix E. The inhaled air temperatu re, wet bulb , shall not exceed 50° C and, if the air is dry (i.e . less than 5% RH), the inha led air temperature (dry bu lb) shall not exceed 90 ° C. The carbon diox ide content of the inha led air shall not exceed 3% by volume. 7.4.2.4 Gas filter efficiency After bein g assessed for in halatio n resistance in accordance with Clause 7.4.2.2, the fil ter effic iency shall be tested using a test gas flow rate of 30 ± 1.0 L/min and this shall comply with the appropriate conditions in Table 7.1. A separate filter shall be used for each test gas. Where HCN is the test gas , C 2 N2 may also be prese nt in the efflu ent air. The total air concentration of C 2 N2 plus HCN shall not exceed 10 p.p.m. (by volume) at breakthrough. COPYRIGHT

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AS/NZS 1716:1994

TABLE 7.1 SMOKE MASK GAS FILTRATION

Test gas

Carbon monoxide Hydrog en chloride Hydrog en cyanide Acrylaldehyde

Chemical symbol CO HC L HC N CH 2CHCHO

Test gas concentration p.p.m. 2 500 2 000 2 000 500

Breakthrough concentration p.p.m.

Minimum life min

250 5 10 0.5

15 15 15 15

(2-propenal)

7.4.2.5 Particula te filter p enetrat ion After bein g asses sed for resis tance in accorda nce with Clau se 7.4.2. 2 the filter penet ratio n shall not exceed 6% when test ed in accordan ce with Appendix I. 7.4.2.6 Total inward leakage test When tested in accordance with Appendix D, the hood shall meet the requirements of Table 2.1 (Class P2). 7.4.2.7 Flammability When tested in acco rdance with Appen dix C, the mater ials used in the escape r espirator shall maintain their structural integrit y and shall not continue to burn. 7.5 FI LTE R SEL F-RESCU ER (INDU STRIAL ) The components of the res pirator shall normally include— (a)

a head cov ering or fac epiece cov ering eyes , nose and mou th, or a mou thpiece and nose clip; and

(b)

a gas filt er or filters co mplying with Clau se 5.4 and Ta ble 5.1 for Cla ss 1, 2 or 3 capacity filters.

It may also incorporate— (i)


an exhalation valve or exhalation valve assembly;

(ii)

an inhalation va lve or inhalation val ve assemb ly;

(iii)


(iv)

one or more flexible breathing tub es;

(v)

a belt or harness to a ttach th e fil ter or f ilters to th e weare r’s body; and

(vi)

a parti culate filter o r fil ters complying with Clause 4. 3.

The filter self-res cuer (industri al) may be suitable for use in atmospheres containing certain gases, when specified by the manufacturer.

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SECTION 8

8.1

AI R- H OS E AN D A I R- L IN E RESPIRATORS

DESI GN AND CONST RUCTI ON

8.1.1 Desi gn fun ctio ns The design and construc tion of air-ho se and air-line respirat ors shall provide the wearer with air when connected to a clean air supply (air-hose) or attached to a compressed air supply (air-line). In addition to the requireme nts of this Section, air-hose and air-line respi rator s shall also comply with the approp riate requi remen ts of Sectio ns 2, 3 and 11. 8.1. 2

Type s

8.1.2.1 General Air-hose and air-li ne respirato rs are dist inguished by having either an air-hose or an air-line provid ing air to the wearer. The m ain ty pes are classi fied accordin g to the pressure of the air supplied as follows: (a)

Air-hos e respi rator s ystems which trans port ai r at near atmos pheri c pr essure.

(b)

Air- line resp irator systems w hich tran sport pressurized air and have dema nd valves or regulators in proximity to the facepiece so that air breathed is at near atmospheric pressure.

NOTE: Volumetric flow rates given in this Section are measured at atmospheric pressure unless otherwise noted.

8.1.2.2 Air-ho se respira tor types There are two types of air-h ose respi rator which are distinguished by the method of air suppl y, as follows: (a)

Natural breathing type—these are known as hose masks; they may have a

(b)

manually -operated blower. Electrica lly-o perated air blower type.

Diff ere nt types of fac epiece may be utilized with air-hose res pirators. These are as follows:


(i)

Natural breathing type —full fac epiece only.

(ii)

Electrica lly-o perated air blower type— (A)

full facepiece;

(B)

half facepiece; or

(C)

head covering.

8.1.2.3 Air-li ne r espirator types There are two type s of air-li ne resp irator which are distinguished by the mode of air supply , as follow s: (a)

Continuous flow type, where a pos itive press ure is p rovided by a con tinuous supply of air into the wearer’s breathing zone.

(b)

Dema nd flow ty pe, with ei ther a nega tive or pos itive pressure dema nd val ve. The re is a negative pressure during inhalation or a reduced positive pressure at the commencem ent of inha lation which serve s to oper ate the demand valve and admit air at positive pressure.

Continuous flow type air-line respirators may be used with a half fac epiece, full facepiece, or head covering. Dema nd flow types may also be used with a half or full facepiece, but shall not be used with a head covering. 8.1.3 Comp on ents Where resp irator part s are requ ired by thi s Clause, each part shall meet the requirements for that part noted below or elsewhere in this Standard.

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8.1.3.1 General following parts:

AS/NZS 1716:1994

All resp irators covered by this Section shall norma lly consi st of the

(a)

A flex ible breathing tube conn ecting the facep iece to the air -hose or ai r-line .

(b)

A waist be lt or body harness.

(c)

An air-ho se or air-l ine.

8.1.3.2 Specific components for air-hose respirators—natural breathing type In addition to the requirements of Clause 8.1.3. 1 the resp irator shall normal ly include the following components: (a)

A full facepiece.

(b)

An exhalation valve.

(c)

An in let val ve situ ated as clo se as po ssible to the facep iece.

(d)

A strainer and hose anchoring attachment where a blower is not fitted. The respirator may also incorporate a manually-operated blower.

8.1.3.3 Specific components for air-hose respirators—electrically operated blower type In addition to the requireme nts of Clause 8.1.3.1, the respirator shall normall y include the following components: (a)

A full fac epiece, hal f facep iece or he ad co vering.

(b)

An exhalation valv e for ful l facep iece an d half facepi ece ty pes.

(c)

An in let val ve for ful l facep iece and ha lf face piece typ es.

(d)

A mea ns of d iffusi ng the a ir ent ering the head co vering.

(e)

An electrically-operat ed bl ower.

(f)

A hose assembly.

A respirat or fitted with a head cov ering m ay also incor porat e a shoul der cape, protective suit or jacket or inner bib. Where a respirator fitted with a headcovering is employed in the course of sand or abrasi ve blasting it shall be fitted at least with a cape covering the shou lders and upper part of the chest. 8.1.3.4 Specific components for air-li ne respirators In addi tion to the requ iremen ts of Clause 8.1.3.1, the respirator shall normally include the following components: (a)



(b)

An exhalation valv e for ful l facep iece an d half facepi ece ty pes.

(c)

An in let val ve for ful l facep iece and ha lf face piece typ es.

(d)

A mea ns of d iffusi ng the a ir ent ering the head co vering.

(e)

A regu lating device or dema nd valv e. For hea d covering types, a regul ating device only.

(f)

An air-lin e assembly wit h couplings.

A respirat or fitted with a head cov ering m ay also incor porat e a shoul der cape, protective suit or jacket, or inner bib. Where a res pirator fitted with a head covering is employed in the course of abrasive blastin g, it shall be fitted at least with a cape covering the shou lders and upp er part of the chest. 8.1.3.5 Air-li ne respirator auxiliary protection systems Where an air-line resp irator is fitted with an auxiliary f ilter type of protec tion system, the system shall comply with the relevant clauses of Sections 3, 4 and 5 except a higher breathing resistance may be incorpo rated to operate when the normal air supp ly is not functioning, to alert the wearer.

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The auxiliary filter is not intended to be used as the primary means of providing respirable air. 8.2 WA IST BE LT OR BO DY HARN ES S The wais t belt or body harness shall be designed so that it cause s no undue discomfort or limitation of movement to the weare r. The full drag of the trailing air-hose or air-line shall be borne solely by the waist belt or body harness and there shall be no drag on the breathing tube, facepiece or head covering. The attachment or clip connecting the air-hose or air-line to the waist belt or body harness shall be so desig ned and con struct ed that, whatever the directio n of pull, the hose or airline is not damaged nor is the air sup ply redu ced. The atta chments to the belt or bod y harness shall be capable of withstanding a steady pull in any direction of 1 kN for one minute when the air-line is supplying air at the manufac turer ’s maxim um recom mended worki ng pressure and shall not show any sign of mechanical failure or leaka ge. 8.3 8.3.1

AIR-H OSE AND AIR-L IN E Genera l

The air-hose or air -line shall be flexi ble and resis tant to kinking.

8.3.2 Stra iner For natur al breathing type air-hos e respirator s, the air-hose shall be fitted with a strainer at the inlet end. It should be capab le of excl uding debris and be designed so that comple te blockage of the strainer canno t occur. Provi sion shall be made for securely ancho ring the inlet end of the air-ho se and strai ner outsid e the contam inated atmosphere. 8.3.3 Air -li ne The air-li ne shall be rated at not les s than twice the maxi mum workin g pressure of the air supply. 8.3.4 Connec tor s and coupl ing s All conn ectors and coup lings on air-lin e respir ator systems should be designed so that it is not possible to connect a low pressure (near atmospheric) tube All directly a higher of thetype circuit, without passing throug brea h a thing regulator. air-linetoconn ectors pressure shall be ofpart ‘ safety ’, i.e. requiring at least two deliberate actions to separate the connector or coupling. 8.4


8.4. 1 Appli catio n of tests Not less than two of each type of res pirator requiring approval shall be submitted for test and shall comply with the requireme nts specified in this Clause. 8.4.2 Dem an d valve with Clause 2.4.


The desig n and mode of oper ation of demand valve s shall co mply

NOTE: Hazar ds can arise from incorrec t combinat ions of facepie ces and demand valves, e.g. negative press ure demand valve s with positive press ure facep ieces. Accordingl y, precautio ns should be taken t o prevent this possib ility, e.g. non-interc hangeability of different designs of demand valve.

8.4. 3

Air su pp ly

8.4.3.1 Air-hose respirat ors For manua lly-operated blower type air-hos e r espirators, the blower shall be capable of delive ring air to the space encl osed by the facep iece at a flow rate of at least 85 L/min. For electric ally-operated blower type air-ho se respi rators, the blower shall be capab le of delivering air to the space enclosed by the respirator so that the requirements of Clause 3.2.3 are met wit h the reg ulating device adjusted to both its maximum and minimum flow rates. 8.4.3.2 Air-line respi rators The minimum air supply to continuous flow air-l ine respirators shall be capable of delivering air to the space enclosed by the respirator in accordance with Clause 3.2.3 at the manufac turer’s recommended minimum supply COPYRIGHT

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pressure. The pressu re shall be measured at the end of the maximum length of air-l ine recommended by the manufacturer, i.e. at the end connecting to the resp irator. If a flow valve is provided, the above requirement shall be met with the valve fully closed. See also Clause 11.2.2. 8.4.3.3 Air-li ne respirators—negative demand flow type The air supply to negative demand flow air-lin e respirators shall be capable of delivering air to the face piece at a flow of at least 300 L /min at the manufa cture r’s minimum recomme nded supply pressure and maximum length of air-line. Under these conditions, any negative pressu re in the facep iece, measured away f rom the immedia te vicinity of the inhalation point, shall not exceed 1 kPa when tested at an inhalation flow of 300 L/min in accordance with Appendix G, or on a breathing mach ine as specified in Para graphs E4(d) and E5.4 of Appendix E. 8.4. 4

Brea thing resis tance

8.4.4.1 Air-ho se respirators—natural breathing type Coil half the air-hose around a drum of 500 mm diameter. When subjec ted to a conti nuous stream of air at a flow rate of 85 ± 2 L/mi n in accordance with Appendix G, the dynamic inhalation resistance of the assembly shall not exceed— (a)

750 Pa for natural brea thing devices; and

(b)

1500 Pa for na tural brea thing, blower-assi sted de vices (blo wer not op erati ng).

The performa nce requireme nts f or these natural-bre athing and blower -assiste d types shall apply to the whole inlet asse mbly, including all the parts through which the inhaled air passes, i.e. the respirator and air-hose. The exhalation resistance of 8.4.4.2 Air-line respirators—continuous flow type continuous flow air-li ne resp irators fitted with a facepiece shall not exceed 1 kPa at a continuous flow of 300 ± 5 L/min. The exhalation 8.4.4.3 Air-li ne respirators—negative pressure demand flow type resis tance of negative press ure deman d-flow air-li ne respi rators shall not exceed 300 Pa when tested on a breathing simulator adjusted in accordance with Paragraph E4(e) of Appendix E. Where the demand valve is fitt ed to a face piece, the inhalation resistance of negative pressure-demand flow air-l ine resp irators shall not exceed 600 Pa when tested in accordance with Paragraph E4(e) of Appendix E. 8.4.4.4 Air-li ne respi rators—positive pressure demand type The exha lation resist ance, measured r elative to atmospheric pressu re, shall not exceed 600 Pa at open ing and, when meas ured in accordance with Appendix E or G, the res istance shall not exceed the following: 1 0 0 2 p e S 5 0 n o g n ir e e n i g n E h g u o l C y b d e s s e c c A

±2

(a)

700 Pa, at a c ontinuous flow rat e of 1 60 in Paragraph E4(e) and E5.4 of Appendix E.

L/min , or the test condi tions speci fied

(b)

1 kP a, a t a co ntinuous flow rate of 3 00 ± 5 L/min, or the test cond itions specified in Parag raphs E4(d) and E5.4 of A ppendix E.

The static pressure inside the facepiece shall not exceed 500 Pa. At no time other than in the exhal ation cycle shall the facepi ece cavity pressure excee d the openi ng pressure of the exhalat ion valve. 8.4 .5 Positi ve pre ssu re under pe ak flo w During inhal ation, the pressure in the outer cavity of positive pressure demand type respirators, when tested in accordance with Appendix G and at the manufacturer’s minimum recommended supply pressure, shall— (a)

remain po sitive for either continuous flow rates up to 200 L/m in, when te sted in accordance with Appendix G or the test conditions specified in E4(f) and E5.4 of Appendix E; and COPYRIGHT

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(b)

8.4. 6

not exceed a neg ative pressu re of 100 Pa at eith er continuous flow rat es bet ween 200 and 300 ±5 L/min when tested in accordance with Appendix G or the test conditions specified in E4(d) and E5.4 of Appendix E. Test of the air-h ose, air -lines and c ouplin gs

8.4.6.1 Strength of air-l ine and couplings The stren gth of the air-lin e and coup lings shall be such that , when tested with a steady pul l of 1 kN in any direct ion applied for 1 min, at the manufacturer’s recommended supply pressure, there shall be no separation of the couplings or f ailure of the air-lin e or failure of the connection. 8.4.6.2 Resis tance to colla pse of air-ho se The resis tance to coll apse of the air-ho se supplying a hose-ma sk respi rator shall be determined in the following manner: (a)

A len gth of ai r-hose shall be su bjected to a force o f 850 N app lied between two 75 mm 2 plane surface s, and on opposite sides of the hos e and at righ t angles to its length, while air is flowing through it at a rate of 85 ± 2 L/min.

(b)

Any po rtion of the ho se may be so te sted. The flow o f air thro ugh the ho se sha ll not be reduced to such an exte nt that the r esistance requireme nts of Clause 8.4.3 cannot be complie d with, and there shall be no apprecia ble resid ual distorti on of the hose when the pressure has been released.

8.4.6.3 Resis tance to kink ing of air-lin e The air-li ne shall be resist ant to ki nking to the extent that airfl ow is maintained to at least 90% of the original flow rat e at the recom mended minimum worki ng pressur e when bent throug h a right angl e with a corner radius of 5 mm as shown in Figure 8.1. The air-line shall be statically loaded to 250 N for 1 min prior to testing and this loading shall be maint ained during testing. 8.4.6.4 Airtightness When immersed in wate r and subjected to a minimum internal air pressu re outlined below there shall be no subs tantial loss of air from any air-hose, airline, couplings and regulator (where fitted). This test shall be appl ied after the hose or line and couplings have been submitted to the test descri bed in Clause 8. 4.6.1. The couplings shall not be inter fered with betwee n tests . NOTE : A leakage is not considered to be subs tantial unless it cause s the devi ce to f ail the requirements of Clause 3.2.3.

Minimum internal air pressure: (a)

Air- hose and breathing tubes—15 kP a.

(b)

Air-lin e—twi ce the max imum s upply pressur e recommen ded by the manu facturer of the breathing apparatus.

The breathi ng tube connected to the helmet, hood or facepi ece shall be subjected to this test for airti ghtness, but shall not be subje cted to the tests descri bed in Clau ses 8.4.6.1 and 8.4.6.2.


8.4.6.5 Heat resistance If the air-hose or air-li ne is required to be resis tant to dam age from contact with hot surfac es, no sign of damage or indication of fai lure, nor deterioration in quali ty or air passing through it shall be evident after— (a)

15 min contact of th e hose w ith a ho t plate maintained at 130

(b)

immersio n in boiling wate r for 1 5 min.

± 15 °C;

and

These two tests will be carri ed out on two separate lengths of hose or air-l ine as applicable. 8.4.7 Condit ion of the inh ale d air (car bon dio xide content ) When the assem bly is tested in accordance with Para graph E5.3 of Appendix E (see Note ), the carbon dioxide content of the inhal ed air (inc luding dead sp ace effects) shall not exceed 1% by volume over the inhalation cycle. This test shall cont inue until a cons tant carbon dioxid e content in the air inhaled is achieved. NOTE: For constant- flow apparat us, the testing autho rity should select the pressu re and flow rate of the air-sup ply system to be within the manuf acturer’s range of press ures and airflows.

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8.4. 8 Durabi lit y of a bras ive blast hel mets/pr otecto rs When the hood is in tended for use when abrasive blasting, the resp iratory perform ance shall be suffici ent to meet the requirements of Clause 3.2.3 and the eye protection shall not be penetrated during the test, when tested in accordance with the requirements of Table 8.1. The devic e is f itted to a test torso and blast ed using an abras ive blasting device w ith the following characteristics: (a)

Nozzle diameter—10 mm.

(b)

Abra sive mate rial—iron g rit, grai n size 0.6 to 1 mm.

(c)

Line press ure—500 kPa.

(d)

Nozzle pres sure—1 000 kPa. TABLE 8.1 RESISTANCE TO ABRASIVE MATERIALS Distan ce bet ween nozzle exi t and protec tive dev ice

Test

me tr es Resistance to rebound Resistance to short period of blasting

3 1

Time seco nd s 120 2

8.4. 9 Simu la ted wor k test The respirator shall be teste d and the resu lts assessed in accordance with A ppendix J. When carryin g out the test procedure, none of the wearers shall experience any undue discomfort when assessed by the fea tures listed in Paragraph J5 of Appendix J.


FIGU RE 8.1

TYPI CAL AIR- LINE BEND TEST

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SECT ION 9 SEL F-CO NT AINE D 9.1

CO MP R ES S ED A IR BR EATH ING AP PA RATU S

DESI GN AND CONST RUCTI ON

9.1. 1 Desi gn fun cti on s The design and constru ction of self-c ontained apparatus (SCBA) of the compressed air, open-circuit type shall—

breathing

(a)

provide air fr om a source car ried by the we arer;

(b)

permit it to for bethe worn wit hout undue work discomfort and du inties, such it is e practicable w earer to perform or rescue anda manner not unduthat ly imped the wearer when wal king in a crouching attitude, crawl ing, or manoeuvring in confined areas; and

(c)

give trou ble-free operation ov er the te mperatu re range of − 10° to 60 °C.

NOTE: Compres sed air self-cont ained breathing apparatus is not desig ned for prolong ed use under water; however, the apparatus should continue to function satisf actorily while briefly submerged in wate r in the normal working position at a maximum depth of 1 m and after withdrawal until the air in the cylinder is exhausted.

Metals for expos ed parts shall be chosen in accordan ce with the requi remen ts of Claus e 2.1.8. Compressed air, open circu it, self-co ntained breath ing apparatu s shall comply also with the appropriate requirements of Sections 2, 3 and 11. 9.1. 2 Type s Compressed air SCBAs may be classified, accord ing to intended function, as either work-set type or escape-set type. Work-se t compressed air SCBAs have a nominal effecti ve life exceeding 15 min, when tested in accordance with Clause 9.2. They operate on the principle of lung-governed demand air supply (either positive or negative pressure), and may only be used in conjunction with a full facepiece. Escape-set compressed air SCBAs have a nominal effective life of less than 15 min when tested in accordance with Clause 9.2. They operate either on the principle of lung-governed deman d air suppl y or cons tant-flow air sup ply. The latter m ay be used in conjunction with a head cov ering . Deman d type escape-s ets may be used with either a full facepiece or a half facepiece. 9.1.3

Requ ire men ts

9.1.3.1 General Where respira tor parts are requi red by this Clause , each part shall meet the requirements set out below or elsewhere in this Standard. 9.1.3.2 Components following parts: 1 0 0 2 p e S 5 0 n o g n ir e e n i g n E h g u o l C y b d e s s e c c A

All respi rato rs included in this Section normall y consist of the

(a)

An exhalation va lve assembly.

(b)

A breathing tub e and p ress ure hose or pi pe.

(c) (d)

One or more cyl inders of compre ssed air. One or more cylinder valves.

(e)

A body harn ess or some oth er mean s of secu ring the app aratus to the weare r.

9.1.3.3 Specific compone nts for compressed air SC BA—work-s et type In addition to th e requirements of Clause 9.1.3.2, the res pirator normal ly includes the following components: (a)

A full facepiece.

(b)

A demand valve. COPYRIGHT

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(c)

For negative pressure de mand s ets, a manually-operated bypass v alve.

(d)

A warning device.

(e)

A pressure gauge.

In addition 9.1.3.4 Specific componen ts for compressed ai r SCBA—esca pe demand type to the requiremen ts of Clause 9.1.3. 2, the resp irator normal ly includes the following components: (a)

A full facepiece.

(b)

A demand valve.

(c)

A pressure gauge or press ure ind icator.

9.1.3.5 Specific components for compr essed air SCBA—e scape continuous flow type In addition to the requirements of Clause 9.1.3.2, the respirator norma lly includes the following components: (a)


(b)

A pressure gau ge or pressu re in dicator.

(c)

A continuous flow device.

9.2 NOMI NAL EFFECTI VE LIF E When tested in accordan ce with Paragra ph E4(c) of Appendix E, the nominal effective life of the apparatus, with the cylin der or cylin ders fully charged, shall be the time taken for the pressure in the cylinder or cylinders to fall to 1 MPa. For conti nuous flow escape type SCBAs, the nominal ef fecti ve life shall be the lesser of the time taken for the pressu re in the cylinder or cylinders to fall to 1 MPa and the time taken for the concentration of carbo n dioxide in the inhaled air to exceed the allowable concentration given in Figure 9. 1. Where escap e sets may be upg raded to work sets by the fitt ing of a larger cylinder (so that the effec tive life is more than 15 min), the full requireme nts of work set s shall be complied with. 9.3 PRESSURE TUB ES AN D HOS ES Metallic tubes and non- metall ic hoses shall be capable of withstanding the test pressures as follows:


(a)

Twice the cylinder filling pres sure for non-metal lic hoses working at full cyl inder pressure.

(b)

Twice the maximum working pressure for non -met allic hoses working at reduced pressure.

(c)

1.5 ti mes the cyli nder filling pressu re for meta llic tubes worki ng at full cylin der pressure.

(d)

1.5 times the maximum working pressure for metallic tubes working at reduced pressure.

9.4

COMPR ESSED AIR S CBA—DEMA ND FLOW TYPES

9.4. 1

Functi oning of as sembli es witho ut po sitiv e pre ssure

9.4.1.1 Demand valve The demand valve in addition to this Clause.

shall comply w ith Cla use 2.4, as appli cable,

The opening negative pressure of the lung-g overned supply mecha nism shall be between 50 and 350 Pa when teste d using a cont inuous flow of 10 L/min for all cylinder pressures down to 1 MPa.

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FIGURE 9.1

RELATIONS HIP BETWEEN NOMINAL EFFECTI VE LIFE (N EL)

AND MAXIMUM CARBON DIOXIDE CONTENT OF INHALED AIR

The demand valve shall not open at a negative pressure of less than 50 Pa. When teste d in acco rdance with Paragrap h E 4(d) of Append ix E, or at a continuous flow rate of 250 ± 5 L/min, the press ure shall not fall bel ow 10 Pa at all cylin der pressures down to 2 MPa. 9.4.1.2 Continuous flow valve Negative pressure demand apparatus may be provided with a manual ly-opera ted means of supp lying air at a flow rate of at least 100 L/min at all cylinder pressures down to 1 MPa, independent of the normal operation of the demand valve.


If provided, the contin uous flow valve shall be desig ned to prevent accidental opening and shall not leak after being closed. It shall be placed in a position for convenient hand operatio n, and shal l be of such size and sha pe that it can be easil y identified and oper ated under any condit ions experience d during use of appar atus. 9.4.1.3

Resistance

to breathing

When tested under

the conditions

specified in

Parag raphs 700 E4(e)Paand Appen dix E , the inha lation m resist ancetoof1 aMPa. respiUnder rator shall not exceed at E5.4 all cyliofnder pres sures from maximu down the same test condi tions, the exhal ation resist ance of a respirat or shall not exceed 300 Pa. 9.4. 2

Func tioni ng of a ssem blies with positiv e press ure

9.4.2.1 Demand valv e The demand valve shall comply with Clause 2.4. Where the demand valve has both negative and positive pres sure modes of operation, changeover from one mode to anot her shall be by means of a simple adju stmen t and shall not r equire replacement of any component of the demand valve or exhalation valve system.

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9.4.2.2 Resistance to breathing The exhalation res istance, measured relative to atmospheric pressure, shall not exceed 600 Pa at opening, and when measured in accordance with Appendix E or G the resistance shall not exceed the following: ±5

(a)

700 Pa, at a co ntinuous flow rate of 16 0 in Paragraphs E4(e) and E5.4 of Appendix E.

L/min, or the test con ditions specified

(b)

1 kP a, a t a co ntinuous flow rate of 30 0 ±5 L/min, or the test cond itions speci fied in Parag raphs E4(d) and E5.4 of A ppendix E.

The static pressure inside the facepiece shall not exceed 500 Pa. At no time other than the exhalation cycle shall the facepi ece cavity pressure exce ed the opening pressure of the exhalatio n valve. 9.4.2.3 Posit ive pressu re unde r peak flo w When tested at th e f ollowing inhalation flow rates, the respirator shall exhibit the following: (a)

Remain positive for eit her continuous flow rat es up to 20 0 L/min when tes ted in accordance with A ppendix G or the test conditions specified in Parag raphs E4(f) and E5.4 of Appendix E.

(b)

Not ex ceed a negative pressu re of 10 0 Pa at eit her continuous flow rat es be tween 200 and 300 ±5 L/min when tested in accordance with Appendix G or the test conditions specified in Paragrap hs E4(d) and E5.4 of Appendix E.

(c)

For a resp irator consisting of a prima ry mask and hav ing provision for a res cue mask, the primary mask should conform to the provisions in Item (a) and, in addition, both systems shall be tested in parallel at a combined flow rate of 450 ± 5 L/min.

These requirements shall be valid at all cylinder pressures above 2 MPa. 9.5

CONTINUOUS FLOW—ESCAPE TYPES

9.5. 1 Desi gn The consta nt-fl ow escap e device shall be prese t by the manuf actur er and designed so that the air deli very r ate cann ot be manipulated by the wearer . The flow of air shall commence with the opening of the cylinder valve or air supply device. 9.5 .2 Noi se level Respirators incorporating Clause 2.1.6.

a head covering shall comply with

9.6 AU XIL IAR Y AIR -L INE CO NN ECT ION Where provision is made for the apparatu s to be supplied by an auxiliary source of compresse d air, the apparatu s shall be provided with a suitable leak-proo f, non-return auxiliary coupling. The appara tus and the auxiliary air supply shall, as a system, comply with Section 8 of this Standard. The coupling shall be a ‘ safety type ’, i.e. requiring at least two deliberate actions to separate. 1 0 0 2 p e S 5 0 n o g n ir e e n i g n E h g u o l C y b d e s s e c c A

NOTE: An ancillar y device such as a waist belt and a junctio n block may be used in thi s system.

9.7 CY LIN DER S Cylinders shall co mply with AS 203 0.1 or AS 270 4, as appro priate. Only cyli nders of equal maximum fillin g pressure shall be conne cted to an apparatu s with more than one cylinder. 9.8

CYLI NDER VALV E

9.9

PRESS URE GAUG E

The cylin der valve shall comp ly with App endix K .

9.9.1 Genera l Where fitted, a press ure gauge shall be of a type that will meet the requirements of AS 1349.

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9.9. 2 Desi gn The gaug e shall not be affec ted by dus t and water. It shall withstand immersion in water to a depth of one metre for not less than 24 h. After the test, no water shall be visible in the device. The size and po sition of the gau ge shall be such that it can eas ily be read by the wearer when the apparatus is bein g worn. The face of the gauge shou ld be marke d in a manner that can be easily read in low-light conditions. 9.9.3 Accu rac y and mar king s The pressure gauge shall be clearly marked and the graduations evenly spaced . The accurac y of the gauge shall be within 10% of the nomina l pressure. Graduations on the gauge shall be from zer o up to a value of 500 0 kPa above the filli ng press ure of the cylind er. The des ign of the gaug e shall allow the readin g of the indicated pressure to within 1000 kPa. 9.10 ISO LA TING VALVE An isolat ing valve or s low leak o rifice shall be provi ded in the pressu re gaug e circuit to prevent loss of air in the event of a fail ure of flexi ble tube, gauge or oth er compo nent. If a slow leak orific e is used , it shall be capable of restrict ing the flow to 25 L/min at 200 kPa. 9.11 PRE SS URE IN DICAT OR Where fitted, a press ure indicator shall indicate whether the press ure in the cylinder is less than that indicated in the fully charged condition. The accurac y of the indications shall be withi n 10% of the nominal press ure. 9.12 ACTIV E WAR NING DEV ICE An activ e warning device shall opera te to warn the weare r when the cylinder pressu re drops to a predetermined level. The actuation of this devic e shall be automatic upo n opening the cylin der valve. The warning devi ce shall respond after two third s of the total breathing air volum e is used and before the volume has bee n reduced to 200 L, provided that in no case shall the remaining effective life after warning exceed 15 min. If an aural warning devi ce is used , the sound pressure level shall be a minimum of 90 dB(A) measu red in a free field at the wearer’s ear neare r the devi ce as a contin uous or intermittent warning. The frequency range shall be between 2 and 4 kHz. If ope rate d by the air supply, the air los s shall not exceed an aver age of 5 L/min from response of the signal to a pressure of 1000 kPa or not more than 50 L for thos e warni ng devices not operat ing continuously. The duration of the warni ng at 90 dB(A) shall be at least 15 s for a conti nuous signal and 60 s for an intermit tent signal. A pressure gauge is not deemed to be an active warning device.


9.1 3 BO DY HARN ES S AN D SE CUR ING HA RNE SS The harness shall be so designed to be adjustable and enabl e the wearer to don and remov e the appara tus quick ly and easily with out assistance. All adjusting devices shall be constructed so that once adjusted they will not slip inadvertently. 9.1 4 MA SS The weigh t of the apparatu s when fully charg ed and ready for use shall not exceed 18 kg. 9.15

TES TI NG

9.15.1 Appl ica tio n of tests No few er than two of each type of breathing apparatus requiring approval shall be submitted for test and shall comply with the requirements specified in this Clause. 9.15.2 Warn ing dev ice When tested und er the cond itions speci fied in Parag raph E4( b) of Appendix E the warning device shall function as specified in Clause 9.12.

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9.15.3

AS/NZS 1716:1994

Resi sta nce t o tem per ature

9.15.3.1 High temperature When teste d in accor dance with the proc edure given below the breathing apparatus shall— (a)

not exceed an inh alation resistance of 700 Pa for negative pressure demand typ e respirators;

(b)

achieve a positive pressu re grea ter than 10 Pa in the ou ter cavity of th e mask a t all times during the breathing cycle of positive pressure demand SCBA;

(c)

not exceed an exh alation res istance of 300 Pa for an app aratus without positive pressure; and

(d)

not exceed an exhalation res istance of 700 Pa for an apparatus with positive pressure.

The test procedure shall be as follows: (i)

Fill the ap paratus, i ncluding the com pressed a ir cylinders, to half cap acity.

(ii)

Store the apparatus in a chamber at a temperature of 60 humidity of not more tha n 50% for not less tha n 4 h.

(iii)

Test th e apparatus und er the condi tions speci fied in P aragraph E4(e) o f Appen dix E, at all cylinder pressures down to 2 MPa. Te sting shall commence within 2 min of the apparatu s being removed from the conditioning chamb er and may be terminat ed after 10 min.

±3 °C,

and a rel ative

For posit ive press ure breathin g apparatu s, the positive pressure shall be maintained in the cavity of the mask adjacent to the facial seal. 9.15.3.2 Low temperatu re (optional) Where r esistance to low temperature is required the breathing apparatus when tested in accordance with the procedure given below shall— (a)

not exc eed a n inhalation of 1 kPa; and

(b)

not exceed an ex halation resist ance of 1 kPa, for bo th pos itive and negative pressure breathin g apparatus .

The test procedure shall be as follows:


(i)

Store the apparatus, including the fac epiece and fully charged compressed air cylinders, in a chamber at a temperature of − 9 to − 10° C for a period of not less than 4 h.

(ii)

Test t he app aratus un der the co nditions speci fied in Parag raph E 4(c) of Appendix E, at all cylinder pressures down to 2 MPa.

(iii)

Testing shall commence within 2 min of the apparatus being rem oved fro m the conditioning chamber and may be terminat ed after 10 min.

For posit ive pressure breathi ng apparatus, the posit ive pressu re shall be maintained in the cavity of the mask adjacent to the facial seal. 9.15 .4 Si mu lat ed wor k te st for com pre sse d air SCB A When tested in accordance with Appendix J none of the test person nel shall experience any undue impa irme nt of efficiency or discomfort on account of fit, functioning, or any other feature of the respirator. 9.16 REQ UIREM ENTS FOR AIR QUA LITY (CYLIN DERS) F OR SUPP LI ED-AIR RESPIRATORS Requiremen ts for air quality are prov ided in AS/NZS 1 715.

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SECTION 10 O XY GE N SE LF -CO NT AIN ED BRE ATH ING APP ARAT US 10.1

DES IGN AND CON STRUCT ION

10.1 .1 Desi gn fun ct ion s The design and construction breathing apparatus (SCBA) shall—

of oxygen

self-co ntained

(a)

provide liq uefied oxygen, compr essed o xygen, or oxy gen gene rated from a chemi cal source carried by the wearer and minimize entry of the external atmosphere;

(b)

permit it to be worn wit hout undue discomfort and in such a manner that it is practicable for the wearer to perform w ork and rescue duti es and not undu ly impede the wearer when wal king in a crouching attitude, crawl ing, or manoeuvring in confined areas;

(c)

give trou ble-free operation ov er the te mperatu re range of − 10° C to 60 ° C;

(d)

prevent lea kage from t he circuit to a tmosphere except thr ough a relief v alve;

(e)

allow the appa ratus to be effective ly sealed from atm ospheric air d uring storage ; and

(f)

where applicable, use component materia ls tha t are fir e-resista nt and antistatic. NOTE: Oxygen SCBAs are not design ed for prolo nged use und er water ; however, the appa ratus should continue to function satisf actorily while briefly submerged in water in the normal workin g position at a maxi mum depth of 1 m and after withd rawal unti l the oxy gen supply is exhausted.

Metals for exposed components shall be chosen in accordance with Clause 2.1.7. Oxygen SCBAs shall also comply with the appropriate requireme nts of Sections 2, 3 and 11. 10.1.2

Requ irem ents

10.1.2.1 General Where respirato r parts are required by this Clause, each comp onent shall normal ly meet the requiremen ts for that component noted below and elsewhere in this Standard. 10.1.2.2 Components All respir ators inc luded in this Sect ion shall normall y consist of the following components:


(a)

A full f acep iece or a mo uthpiece and n ose clip .

(b)

A breathing ho se or pres sure hos e or pipe.

(c)

A body harn ess or some oth er mean s to secu re the ap paratus to th e wearer.

(d)

A breathing bag.

(e)

An oxygen c ylinder, cont ainer or ca rtri dge.

10.1.2.3

Specific components for liqu id oxygen SCBAs

In addi tion to the compon ents

listed in Clause 10.1.2.2, the respirator shall normally include the (a) Inhalation and exhalation va lves. (b)

Carbon dioxide absorbent.

(c)

A relief valve.

following compon ents:

In addition 10.1.2.4 Specific components for compre ssed oxyge n SCBA— work-set type to the components listed in Clause 10.1.2 .2, the resp irator shall normall y include the following components: (a)

A demand valve. COPYRIGHT

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(b)

AS/NZS 1716:1994

One or more cylinder valves.

(c)


(d)

An isolating valve.

(e)

A relie f val ve (op tional on demand-only typ es).

(f)

A constant-flow valv e or oth er mean s of en suring oxy gen flow.

(g)

A constant-flow reduc ing va lve (for de mand o nly types).

(h)


ecific components compressed SCBA—escape-set 10.1.2.5 addition toSp the components listedfor in Clause 10.1.2. 2,oxygen the respi rator shall nor mallytype includeIn the following components:

(a)

A demand va lve (for demand flo w types only).

(b)

A cylinder valve.

(c)


(d)

A relief valve.

(e)


(f)

A constant-flow valv e or oth er mean s of en suring oxy gen flow.

(g)

A constant-flow reduci ng valv e (for co ntinuous flow t ypes only ).

10.1.2.6 Specific components for chem ical oxygen SCBA—work-se t type In ad dition to the components listed in Clause 10.1.2.2, the respirator shall norma lly include the following components: (a)

A service indicator.

(b)

A relief valve.

10.1.2.7 Specific components for chemica l oxygen SCBA—escape-set type In addit ion to the compo nents listed in Clause 10.1.2.2, the respi rator shal l normally include a r elief valve. 10.2 NOM INAL EF FECTI VE LIF E When test ed in accor dance with Paragrap h E5.3 of Appendix E, the nomin al effecti ve life of the apparatus, with the oxy gen supply fully charged, shall be the lesser of the following:


(a)

The time taken for the con centration of carb on dio xide in th e inhaled oxygen to exceed the allowable concentratio n of 1.5% by volume.

(b)

In the cas e of compr essed oxy gen closed -circu it self-cont ained breath ing apparatus , the time taken for the press ure in the cylin der to fall to 1000 kPa.

10.3 INHAL ATI ON T EMPERAT URE When teste d in accor dance with Clause 10.2, the wet bulb temperature of the inhaled gas shall be less than 40 °C at any time during the test. W hen testing escape type resp irators, the temperatu re of the inhaled gas shall not exceed 50 ° C. 10.4 RE SI STA NC E TO BREA THI NG When tested in accordance with Para graph E5.3 of Appendix E, the resi stance to breathing on both the inhal ation and exhalation sides of the breathing circuit shall not exceed 500 Pa before the nominal effective life is reached.

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10.5 SIM ULATE D ROUGH USA GE Before test ing for the nomin al effecti ve life and resistance to breathing the ‘carbon dioxide absorption unit’ of work sets and the ‘chemical oxygen generation unit’ of chemical oxygen sets shall be subjected to simulated rough usage in accordance with the requirements of Appendix H. At the conclusion of this procedure the unit shall show no visible deteriora tion and, when tested for the nominal effecti ve life and the resista nce to breath ing, shall comply with the relevant requirements. 10.6 SIM ULA TED WO RK TEST The apparatus shall be tested and assessed in accordance with Appen dix J. When carrying out the test procedure, none of the wearers shall experience any undue discomfort when assessed with the features listed in Paragraph J5. 10.7 DEM AND VALV E Where a lung -governed oxygen supply valve is provided, it shall be so design ed and ad justed that the operatin g press ure is kept to the minim um and that it operates only when the wearer requ ires more oxygen than is provided by the system capacity or continuous flow device. Operation of the lung demand valve shall not be influenced by any external pressures that may hold the demand valve open and deplete the oxyg en supply. 10.8 CON TI NUO US FL OW VALV E For apparatus without a supplementary lung-governed oxygen supply, the flow shall be suffic ient to satisfy the requ iremen t of nominal effective life as specified in Clause 10.2. Adjustmen t of the conti nuous flow valve shall not be possible while the apparatu s is being worn. 10.9 REL IEF VAL VE The relief valv e shall operate auto matic ally and be desig ned so that inward leakage of the external atmosphere is prevented. 10.10 CARBO N DIOXI DE A BSO RBENT The quant ity of carbon diox ide absorb ent material shall be more than sufficie nt to absorb the amount of carbo n dioxide equivalent to the oxygen used by the weare r durin g the nominal effect ive life. The design of the apparat us containing the absorbent material shall be such that fine particles of the absorbent are prevented from being entrapped in the breathing circuit. 10.11

BRE ATH ING BAG

10.11 .1 Genera l The breathi ng bag shall be gast ight and prot ected again st damage by external forces. 1 0 0 2 p e S 5 0 n o g n ir e e n i g n E h g u o l C y b d e s s e c c A

10.11.2 Brea thing b ag capa city The breath ing bag capa city, when correctly fitte d and ready for use, shall be not less than 5 L when measured as follows: (a)

For continuous flow types, the cap acity measured betwe en the opening pressure of

(b)

the relief valve and a negative pressure of 200 Pa, relative to atmospheric pressure. For dem and val ve type s, the capa city meas ured be tween t he opening pressure of the relief valve and the opening pressure of the demand valve.

10.1 2 PRE SS URE TUB ES AND HO SE S comply with Clause 9.3.

Metallic tubes and non-met al hoses shall

10.1 3 PRE SS URE G AU GE The pressure gauge shall comply with Clause 9.9. The gauge shall be plainly marked ‘OXYGEN—USE NO OIL’.

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10.14 PRES SURE GAU GE ISO LATI NG V ALVE shall comply with Clause 9.10.

AS/NZS 1716:1994

The pres sure gauge iso lating valve

10.1 5 BO DY HARN ESS AN D SE CUR ING HARN ESS securing harness shall comply with Clause 9.13.

The body harness and

10.1 6 MAS S The weig ht of the apparatu s when full y charged and read y for use shal l normally not exceed 18 kg. 10.17

CYLIN DERS

Cylinders shall comply with AS 203 0.1 and be col our coded in

accordance with AS 1944 . Only cylinders of equal maximum filling pres sure shall be connected to an apparatus with more than one cylinder. 10.18

CYLIN DER VALVE

The cylin der valve shall co mply with Appe ndix K.

10.19 COM PRESS ED OXYGE N (DRY BREATH ING) Compre ssed oxygen of the dry-bre athing type shall be odourless and contain not less than 99.5% by volume of oxygen. At 15 °C and 100 kPa the compressed gas shall— 3

(a)

contain not more than 1 1 mg/m

(b)

contain n ot mo re than 1400 mg/m

(10 p.p.m. by volume) of carbon m onoxide; and 3

(800 p.p.m. by volume) of carbon dioxide.

When sampled from a cylinder filled to at least 12 MPa, it shall— (i) (ii)

contain not mo re than 20 mg/m contain n ot mo re than 1 mg/m

3

3

of water; and

of oil.

10.20 LEA K TIGH TN ESS The respirat or shall be subje ct to a positive and a nega tive pressure of 750 Pa. With the relief valve blanked off, the pressure change shall not exceed 30 Pa withi n 1 min. With the relie f valve unb lanked and at a negative pressure of 750 Pa, the pressure change shall not exceed 60 Pa within 1 min.


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SE CTI ON 11 M A RKING AN D INSTRUCTION S 11.1 11.1.1

MAR KI NG Mark ing of f acepie ces and h ead c ove ring s

11.1.1.1 Marking of equipment Each facepiece and head cov ering shall be clearly and indelibly marked with the following, as appro priate: (a) (b)

The man ufacturer’s na me, t rade name or mark . Where more t han on e size of facep iece is ma nufactured, the si ze of the facep iece. Half facepiece respirators shall not be marked as high efficiency respirators.

11.1.1.2 Addition al marking The facepi ece and head cover ing packa ging or labe l shall be clearly marked with the following, as appropriate: (a)

The year of man ufacture, date cod e or ot her mean s of trac eability.

(b)

Where a respira tor is d esigned to cate r for a p artic ular physical chara cteri stic.

11.1.2

Particul ate fil ters

11.1.2.1 Marking of equ ipment as appropriate:

Each filte r shall be clearly marked with the follo

wing,

(a)

Manufacturer’s name , tra de name or mark.

(b)

Filter classific ation.

(c)

Where the filt er is des igned to be us ed with a powe red air-p urifying respi rator, the abbreviation PAPR as a prefix to the classifica tion, e.g. PAPR-P2.

11.1.2.2 Additional marki ng Any add itional mark ing shall accompany each filter so that it is avail able to the end user. The particulate filter pack aging or labe l shall be clea rly marked with the following, as approp riate:


(a)

The year of man ufacture, date cod e or oth er means o f traceability.

(b)

A warni ng if the effici ency of the filte r deteriorates in the pres ence of substances, such as oil mists , common ly encountered in the w orkplace.

(c)

Compati ble respir ator where appropriate.

(d)

With Class P3 filt ers the words ‘Provides P3 prot ection only with full facepiece respirator’.

(e)

P3 filt ers whi ch fit hal f facep ieces use the wor ds ‘Pro vides P2 pr otection with half facepiece respirator’.

11.1.3

Gas an d va pour fi lter s

11.1.3.1 Marking of equipment the following, as approp riate:

Each filt er shall be clearly and indelibly marked with

(a)

Manufacturer’s name , tra de name or mark.

(b)

Type and classifi cation. Multiple gas type fil ters shall be listed in alphabetical order, e.g. A, B, E, K. For specific chemical filters, the type designation shall be an abbreviation of the specific gas for which the filter is approved. For combined gas and particulate type filters the marking shall indicate the gas type and classif icati on first f ollowed by the particu late classific ation, e.g. A1P1. COPYRIGHT

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(c)

AS/NZS 1716:1994

(i)

For Type NO filters the warning:

(ii)

For Type Hg filte rs the warn ing, as appropriate:

‘SINGLE USE ONLY’ .

Class 1: ‘MAXIMUM USE TIME 8 HOURS’. Class 2: ‘MAXIMUM USE TIME 50 HOURS’ (iii)

.

For Typ e AX f ilte rs, th e war ning, where app licable: ‘SINGLE USE ONLY’ .

(d)

Where the filtPAPR er is desi with red tion, air -puri r espirator, th e abbreviation as agned prefixtotobe theused type anda powe classifica e.g.fying PAPR-A1P1.

11.1.3.2 Marking of packaging Any addi tional marki ng shall acco mpany the filte r(s) so that it is avai lable to the end user. The packaging or a label shall be clearly marke d with the following information, as appropriate: (a)

The year of man ufacture, date cod e or ot her means of traceability.

(b)

A warning, as follows: ‘DO NOT USE WHERE THERE MAY BE A DEFICIENCY OF OXYGEN’

(c)

An indication of the gas or gas es against which th e filter wi ll give prot ection.

(d)

For Clas s AUS an d Class 1 f ilters, a warni ng as foll ows: ‘DO NO T US E AS/NZS 1715’ .

(e)

IN

HIG HLY

TOXI C

AT MOS PHE RE S.

REF ER

.

TO

For Class 3 filt ers wh en use d alon e or in co mbination with P3 parti culate filters, the wording: ‘USE ONLY WIT H FU LL FACE PIECE S WH EN A HIG H PROT ECTIO N FACTOR IS REQUIRED’ .

(f)

A warn ing for Type G air p urifying filters as f ollows: ‘SUI TAB LE ONL Y FOR AIRB ORN E CO NTA MI NAN TS WI TH VA POU R PRESSURE LESS THAN 0.01 MILLIMETRES OF MERCURY AT 25 °C’ .

(g)

Compatible respir ator, where applicable.

(h)

Maximum con centrati on limit ations, i.e. assign ed (or min imum) protection factor as described in AS/NZS 1715.

11.1.4

Air- line a nd air-ho se re spirat ors

11.1.4.1 Marking of equip ment Each resp irator shall be clear ly and indelibly mark ed with the following, as approp riate: 1 0 0 2 p e S 5 0 n o g n ir e e n i g n E h g u o l C y b d e s s e c c A

(a)

Manufact urer’s na me, t rade name or m ark.

(b)

For air- line res pirato rs, the min imum sup ply pressu re specifi ed by the man ufacturer.

(c)

Where a blo wer is supp lied with th e hose -mask res pirator and op erat es only in one direction , the directio n of rotation .

(d)

Air-lin es shall be mar ked ‘respi rable air’ or ‘brea thing air’ or si milar w ording .

11.1.4.2 Marking of pac kaging The pack aging or a label sha ll be cle arly mark ed with the following information, as appropriate: (a)

Where resis tance to temperature extremes is clai med for the air-l ine or air- hose, the maximum and minimum temperatures of the air-line or air-hose.

(b)

For air-li ne and air- hose resp irators, the maximum lengths of ho se or line perm itted for the particula r assembly. COPYRIGHT

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AS/NZS 1716:1994

11.1.5 Comp ressed ai r self-cont ained brea thing appar atus clearly and indelibly marked with—

Each assemb ly shal l be

(a)

the maximum working pr essu re (spec ifie d by the manu fact urer) for com pres sed air cylinders;

(b)

the manu facturer’s name , trad e name or m ark; and

(c)

the word ‘ESCAPE’, where applicable.

11.1.6 Oxygen sel f-co nta ined bre athing app ara tu s and indelibly marked with the following, as appropriate:

Each asse mbly shall be clea rly

(a)

The mas s of the charge o f liq uid oxygen.

(b) (c)

If fitt ed wit h a refil lable filter, the ty pe and mas s of abso rbent to be us ed. If fitte d with a repla ceable filte r, the mont h and yea r of manufacture of the filt er, and the type of apparatus for which the filter is to be use d. In addition, if it is possible to connect the filter to the apparatus incorrectly, an indicator shall be given which clearly signifies the correct method of connectio n.

(d)

If the respirator is fact ory cha rged and sealed, the maximum storage life under specified conditions.

NOTE : Manufacturers making a state ment of compliance with this Aus trali an/New Zealand Stand ard on a produ ct, packaging, or promo tiona l material related to that prod uct are advis ed to ensure that such compliance is capable of being verified.

11.2

INST RUCT ION S FOR USE

11.2 .1 Gene ra l in English.

Each respirat or shall be supplied with clea r instructi ons for use, prin ted

Where appropriate, instruction s referr ing to the— (a)

limited storage life;

(b)

limited service life; and

(c)

conditions of usage of the respi rator shall a lso be supplied.

11.2.2 Inst ructi ons for use, main tena nce and stor age accompany each respirator in the smallest package unit.

On deli very, instructi ons shall

The instruction s shall includ e the following: (a)


Limitations on th e use, e.g. app lication of hal f-fac epiece uni ts with limi tations for toxic gases.

(b)

Compatible filter or filte rs, where appropria te.

(c)

Correct asse mbly of res pirators, e.g. corre ct fitting of filters to the fac epiece for which they are designed, non-mixing of filters.

(d)

Instru ctions for fit ting, including testing for correct facial f it.

(e)

Instructions for decontamination, testing , as appropr iate.

(f)

Air pressu re req uired to main tain a irflow for the ran ge of air-line s suppl ied.

wash ing, maintenance, storage, and periodic

For self-cont ained breat hing apparatus (work-s et and escape types ), where the changeover to positive pressure is of manua l operatio n, a warning shall be included that the set shall only be operated in the positive mode. 11.2.3 Additio nal requir emen ts for powere d ai r-purif ying respira tors air-purifying respirator shall be supplied w ith the follo wing:

Each powered

(a)

Where appro priate, a proc edure f or charg ing th e batt ery of pow ered bl ower un its.

(b)

A procedure for ch ecking ad equacy of ai rflo w rate .

(c)

A procedure fo r changing of fi lters.

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AS/NZS 1716:1994

APPENDIX A

NOISE LEVEL TEST (Normative) A1 SCOP E This Appendix sets out the method of testing head coverings equipped with powered and air-supplied respirators for noise level from the entry of air or from the blower, where appropriate. A2 PRIN CIP LE The respir ator is worn by a test subj ect and the nois e level (in dB(A )) is measured at the subject’s ears inside the head covering. A3

APPA RATU S The appar atus s hall consi st of the follow ing:

(a)

Microphones with di ameter not exc eeding 12 mm, capab le of bei ng fitte d inside the head covering, adjacent to the wearer’s ears.

(b)

Sound level meter o f Typ e 1 or 2 as sp ecified in AS 1 259.1.

A4

PROC EDU RE

(a)

Calibrate the sou nd level meter i n accord ance with the man ufacturer’ s instruc tions.

(b)

Fix the microphones to the test sub ject centrally at the entry to each ext ernal ear and level with the tragia.

(c)

Have the test subject don the h ead cov ering.

(d)

Supply the head cove ring with air th rough the shortest leng th of air- line supplied with the res pirator and at the manufacturer’s maximum specified airflow and measure, in succe ssion, the sound pressu re level at each ear with the sound level meter set to indicate frequency weighting characteristics (A). Where a battery-powered PAPR is tested, the batteries shall be fully charged at commencement of the test.


(e)

Take t he high est leve l reading s from both ears on a n energy eq uivalent basis.

(f)

Check th at the background noise level in th e test area is at lea st 10 dB(A) lower than that measured for the device and, if necessar y, adjus t the bac kground level to meet this condition.

(g)

If the con dition in Ste p (f) is sat isfied repeat Steps (b) to (f) for oth er specified airflows. If not, after adjusting the background level, repeat Steps (b) to (f).

A5

REP ORT ING THE RES ULTS

The follo wing shall be rep orted:

(a)

Info rmat ion identifying th e res pirator.

(b)

The result s from eac h lev el of airflo w as th e noise gen erated by the respi rator.

(c)

The num ber of th is test m ethod, i.e. App endix A of AS /NZS 1716.

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APPENDIX B

METHOD OF SELECTING PERSONNEL FOR ASSEMBLED RESPIRATORS TESTS (Normative) B1 METHOD O F SEL ECTIO N To obtain as ade quate a coverage of faci al size and contour as possible, eliminating the unus ual or abnormal faces, the testing autho rity shall select person s aged between 18 years and 65 year s who are random ly distri buted over the appropriate raci al types. The faci al dimensions of the persons chosen are measured in accordance with Figure B1 and should fit into the groups set out in Figure B1. B2 SPE CIF IC REQ UIREM ENTS The testing aut hority should be gui ded a lso by the following princi ples in select ing the test panel: (a)

The panel should exclude persons with scars or oth er skin blemishes in th e are a contacted by the facepiece, as such blem ishes are likely to inter fere with th e result of the fitting test.

(b)

Male pan el memb ers mu st be fre shly shav en at th e time of the test.

(c)

The panel sho uld exclude pers ons who se faci al con tours are di storted owing to the loss of teeth and who are not fitted with dentures.

(d)

The panel should exclude persons with misshapen noses or abnormal fac ial contours.

(e)

The pan el shou ld exclu de perso ns who are ps ychologically unsuitable.

(f)

The panel sho uld be distri buted as ev enly as possible by vi sual ins pection between thin, medium and well -fle shed persons, but excessively thin, excessively fat or heavily-jowled persons should be a voided.

(g)

When testing supplied-air self-co ntained breathing apparatus, the panel should comprise persons used to wearing res pirators and whose medical and physical conditions are known to be satisfactory.

B3 SE LECT ION O F TES T PA NEL For each facepiece or visor type, a test panel shall be chosen in accordance with Figure B1. A test panel of 10 persons shall comprise 2 each from Groups A and C and 6 from Group B.


Where a face piece is manu factured in more than one size, the test pane l may be offered each of the avai lable sizes. The most comf orta ble size shall then be worn by the subject during the cour se of the total inward leakage or qualitative faci al f it tes ts. For blo use or hood type respirators, a test panel of at least 10 persons shall be chosen, with no regard to their facial dimensions. When a manuf actu rer has at least one face piece tested by this pan el and it is foun d to comply with Claus e 2.2.2, any additional facep ieces need only be tested on indi viduals belonging to part of this panel . The respi rator must then be labe lled to reflect the specific group of the popul ation for which it is inten ded, e.g. smal l female faces.

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FIGURE B1

FACIAL DIMENS IONS OF TEST PANEL


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APPENDIX C

RESISTANCE TO FLAME TEST (Normative) C1 SCOP E This Appendix sets out the method for dete rmining the flammab ility of respirator facepieces and head coverings of equipment to be used in close proximity to flames. C2 PRIN CIP LE The devi ce, mounted on a dummy head, is pas sed throu gh a flame and the effects of the flame on the device observed. C3

A propane gas cylinder complete with regulator, flow control valve and fine pressure gauge.

(b)

A flashback arres tor.

(c)

A pro pane burner capa ble of pr oducing a flam e 40 mm to 45 mm in height with a temperature of 800 ± 50°C (with the vent closed) at a point 20 mm above the burner top. The burner should be adjustable in heig ht.

(d)

A dummy hea d moun ted on a sup port whic h can be rota ted in a circl e at a s peed of 60 mm/s (see Figure C1).

(e)

A stopwatch.

(f)

Thermocou ple an d suitable temper ature measu ring instruments .

C4


APPA RATU S The appar atus s hall consi st of the follow ing:

(a)

PROC EDU RE

(a)

Fit the de vice to th e dummy head and ens ure that a speed of 60 mm/s ca n be obtained.

(b)

Position the head a nd device so that it is ove r the bu rner.

(c)

Adjust the po sition of the bu rner so that th e distance between th e top of th e burner and the lowest part of the device which is to pass through the flame is 20 mm. Move the head away from the burner.

(d)

Ignite the gas at the bu rner. Ensure that the bu rner air ven t is fu lly closed and adj ust the flow control valve to give a flame height of 40 mm to 45 mm above the burner top. NOTE: Air vent settings should be adjusted to give a flame temperature of 800 +50 point 20 mm above the burner top.

°C

at a

(e)

Pass th e device mounted on the du mmy head once through the flame at the set speed of 60 mm/s.

(f)

Using two fur ther samples, repeat t he tes t to enab le an ass essment to be mad e of all materials on the exterior of the device. Any one sampl e shall be passed throu gh the flame once only.

C5 ASSE SSM EN T After comp leting the flame test, exami ne the device and r eport whether it has grossly deformed or decom posed and wheth er it continues to burn after passing through the flame.

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C6

REP ORTING OF RESU LTS

The follo wing shall be rep orted :

(a)


(b)

The res ults of each test.

(c)

The num ber of th is tes t met hod, i.e. Ap pendix C of AS/NZ S 1716.

LEGEND: 1 Regulated propane supply 2 Control valve 3 Propane burner

FIGURE C1

AS/NZS 1716:1994

4 Rotation and speed controll er 5 Dummy head 6 Facepiece

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF TYPICAL APPARAT US FOR ASSESSMENT OF FLAMMABILITY


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APPENDIX D

TOTAL INWARD LEAKAGE OF ASSEMBLED RESPIRATORS—QUANTITATIVE SODIUM CHLORIDE TEST (Normative) D1 SCOP E This Append ix sets ou t the m ethod of quantitatively assessing tot al inward leakage through the f ilter and aroun d the face piece, using a sodium chloride aerosol method and a panel of people. The sodium chloride aerosol particl es used in this test are much smaller than particles typically found in the workplace. This test does not indicate the perfo rmance of the respirator in actual use. It is used as an assessment of the ability of a respirator to achieve adequate fit over a variety of facial dimensions. The method aims to test the efficie ncy of the whole unit and neit her the facial seal nor filter efficiency alone. D2 PRIN CIP LE The respirator is worn in a controlled atmosphere consisting of a suspension of sodium chloride (Na Cl) aerosol in air. The air inside the res pirator is sampled and analyzed by mean s of a detector, e.g. a flame pho tometer, for the sodium chloride content. Comparis on is made with the aeroso l concentration at the air intake of the respirator. D3

APPA RATU S The appar atus to be used is des cribed in Appen dix L.

D4

PROC EDU RE

D4.1 Subje ct prepa rat ion A test panel of 10 subjects shall be selec ted according to Appendix B. Where there is more than one size of f acepiece, the test subjects shall be supplied with the appr opriate size. Prior to commen cement of testing, the resp irator and filt er shall be examined to ensure that they are in good working order and can be used without hazard. Full facepie ce respi rator s of the non-powered type may be tested with a simulated blank (see Paragraph L4.8). The subjects shall be famili ar with the use of the specific resp irator under test or with similar equipment.


The test subjects shall be asked to read the manufact urer’s fitting instructions and, if necessary, be shown how to fit the probe-equipped respirator corre ctly by the test supervisor, in accordan ce with the f itting instructions. The r espirator shall be worn for at least 10 min befor e proceeding with the faci al fit test. The sampl e probe shall rest jus t touching the subject’s lips with the plane through the hole s being verti cal. NOTE : A suitable probe is described in Appendix L, however, alter native probes of equal performance may be used.

The test shall be informed if they wish to section adjust the respirator during the test they maysubjects do so. However, if this is that done, the relevant of the test shall be repeated after allowing the system to re-settle. The test subject shall not be advised of the results as the test proceeds. D4.2 Tes t—no n-po wer ed fil teri ng respi rator s—sa mpl ed on in hal ation on ly first ensuring that the test atmosphere is OFF, proceed as follows: (a)

After

Place the tes t subject in the encl osure. Conn ect the samp ling probe as de scri bed in Appendix L. Have the test subject use an exercis e machine at 25 watts, e.g. a treadmill at 6.5 km/h, for 2 min. Measure the test aerosol concentration inside the facepiece to establish the background level. COPYRIGHT

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(b)

When a stab le reading is obt ained, turn the tes t atmosphere on.

(c)

Have the sub ject continue to use exe rcise mac hine for a further 2 min or until the test atmosphere has stabilize d.

(d)

While still using the exercise machine, the subject shall perform the following exercises: (i)

Keep head still, i.e. without mo ving or talking, for 2 min.

(ii)

Turn he ad from si de to side (ap proximately 15 ti mes), as if in specting the walls of a tunnel for 2 min.

(iii)

Move the he ad up and do wn (app roximately 15 ti mes), as if ins pecting the

(iv)

roof and floor for 2 min. Read the foll owing pas sage (or an effec tive alternative) bei ng certain to read aloud and slowly: ‘When the sunlight strikes raindrops in the air, they act like a prism and form a rainbow. The rainbow is a division of white light into many beautiful colours. These take the shape of a long round arch, with its pat h high above, and its two ends apparently beyond the horizon. There is, according to legend, a boiling pot of gold at one end. People look, but no one ever finds it. When a man loo ks for some thing beyo nd reac h, his frien ds say the y are looking for the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow.’ The passage should be re-read until a period of 2 min has elapsed.

(v) (e)

Walk, without head movement or talking, for 2 min.

Record the following: (i)

Chamber concentration.

(ii)

Mean lea kage in tegrated ov er each of the exerci ses set out in (d). The leakage is calculated from measu reme nts made over the last 100 s of each of the exercise periods to avoid carry-over of results from one exercise to the other:

where C1

(f) 1 0 0 2 p e S 5 0 n o g n ir e e n i g n E h g u o l C y b d e s s e c c A

= challenge concentration

C2

= measured mean concentration (take n via an integration reco rder)

tIN

= total duration of inhalation

tEX

= total duration of exhalation.

Turn off the test atmosphere and when th e test aerosol has cleared from th e chamber, the subject may leave.

Repeat Steps (a) to (f) for each tes t subject. After eac h test the filte r shall be r eplaced. The f acepiece shall eith er be replaced by a new samp le or clea ned, disinfected and dried before being used again. D4.3 Test—po wered fil tering o r supplied -air re spirat or After first en suring that the test atmosphere is OFF, proce ed by providing each subject with a respirator having any one of the following— (a)

a fully-charged battery;

(b)

an equivalent p ower supply; or

(c)

a sup ply of air se t at the mini mum pre ssure to meet Cl ause 8.4, as app ropriate.

Supplied-air resp irators are to be tested with the maximum air-li ne/air-ho se length and minimum recommended pressure. COPYRIGHT

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Ensuring the respirator is turned ON comply with the following: (i)

Place the te st sub ject in th e enclosure. Conn ect the sa mpling probe as d escrib ed in Appendix L. Have the test subject use an exercise machine at 25 watts (e.g. treadmill at 6.5 km/h) for 2 min. Measure the test aerosol conc entration inside the facepiece to establish the background level.

(ii)

When a stab le reading is obt ained, turn on the te st atmo sphere.

(iii)

Have the subje ct continue to use the exerc ise mach ine for a further 2 min or until the test atmosphere has stabilized.

(iv)

While still using the exercise machine, the subject shall perform the following exercises: (A)

Keep head sti ll, i. e. without m oving or ta lking, for 2 min.

(B)

Turn hea d from sid e to side (app roximately 15 tim es), as if in specting the walls of a tunnel for 2 min.

(C)

Move the hea d up and do wn (ap proximately 15 ti mes), as if in specting the roof and floor for 2 min.

(D)

Read the fol lowing passage (or effec tive alternative) being certain to read aloud and slowly: ‘When the sunlight strikes rai ndrops in the air, they act like a prism and form a rainb ow. The rainb ow is a division of white light into many beaut iful colours. These take the shap e of a long round arch, with its path high abov e, and its two ends apparently beyond the horizon. There is, according to legend, a boiling pot of gold at one end. People look, but no one ever finds it. When a man looks for something beyond rea ch, his fri ends say he is looking for the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow.’ The passage should be re-read until a period of 2 min has elapsed.

(E) (v)

Walk, without head movement or talking, for 2 min.

Record the following: (A) (B)

Chamber concentration. Mean le akage int egrate d over eac h of t he exercises set out in (d) .

The leakage is calcu lated from measu reme nts made over the last 100 s of each of the exercise periods to avoid carry-over of results from one exercise to the other:

where 1 0 0 2 p e S 5 0 n o g n ir e e n i g n E h g u o l C y b d e s s e c c A

C1 = challen ge concentr ation C2 = measured mean concentr ation.

(vi)

Turn off the test atmosphere and when the test aerosol has cleared from the

chamber, the subject may leave. Repeat Steps (a) to (f) for eac h test subject. After each test the filter shall be repl aced. The f acepiece shall eith er be repla ced by a new sampl e or cleane d, disinfe cted and dried before being used again. D5 REPORTING OF RESULTS The following shall be reported: (a)


(b)

Informa tion iden tifying the facia l dime nsions of t he test panel.

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(c)

For non-p owered filtering resp irators, the int egrated total inwa rd leak age f or eac h exercise for each individual.

(d)

For other respirators, the mean tot al inward leakage for each exer cise for eac h individual.

(e)

Mean in ward leak age of all ex ercises for th e total pan el.

(f)

The num ber of th is tes t met hod, i.e. Ap pendix D of AS /NZS 1716.


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APPENDIX E

BREATHING SIMULATOR TESTS (Normative) E1 SCO PE This Appendix sets out the following test procedures which employ machine simulation of breathi ng: (a)

Breathing resi stance and carbon monoxide filtering efficie ncy in filter self-res cuers

(b)

(mines). Temperature rise in filt er self- rescu ers (min es).

(c)

Breat hing resist ance and carbon dioxide acc umulation.

(d)

Positive pressur e in facep ieces and head covering s.

(e)

Exhaled air humidity pre-co nditioning.

E2 PRI NCI PLE The respirat or to be tested is ope rated on a breathi ng machine which simulates natural breat hing in one of a numbe r of environmental and test conditions. E3

APP ARA TUS

The appara tus shall consi st of the follow ing:

(a)

A breat hing simulator, desig ned to prov ide sinu soidal airflow. Th e simulator shall exhale and inhal e through the facepi ece, hood or mouth piece of the apparatus under test. A diagram for a typical test rig is shown in Figure E1.

(b)

Except where th e respirator is fi tted with a mout hpiece, a mani kin of si ze and typ e suitable for testing the respirator. NOTE: For full and half facepieces, a ‘Sh effi eld head’ (see Fig ure E2) is considered suitable for the purposes of this test. This is obtainable from: Leyland and Birmingham Rubber Company Leyland, Preston Lancashir e PR5 1UB UNITED KI NGDOM


(c)

Where measu rements of pos itive pres sure (i.e. for hoo ds and hea d coverings) are required, a manometer capable of measuring pressurized air to an accuracy of 0.5 Pa (0.05 mm water gauge) over the range ± 100 Pa ( ± 10 mm water gauge) under the test conditions.

(d)

Where measu reme nts of br eath ing resi stance are r equired, a mano meter capable of meas uring pressurized air to an accuracy of 5 Pa ( 0.5 mm water gauge) over the range ± 1.2 kPa (120 mm water gauge) under the test conditions.

(e)

Where requ ired, a means of measu ring the tempe ratures of th e inh aled and exh aled breath. (Where a single thermoc ouple is used to meas ure both temperatures, the

(f) (g)

thermocouple wires shall not be greater than 0.05 mm in diameter.) Where requ ired, a means of me asuring the con centrati on of car bon di oxide in air up to at least 5% by volume. Where carbon monoxide is being used in a test, a means of measuring the concentration of carbon monoxide in air up to at least 0.05% by volume. Some method of periodi cally checking supplied concentrations of carbon monoxide up to 1.5% by volume will also be necessary.

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E4 PRO CED URE Fit the face piece, hood or head covering of the resp irator onto a manikin. Adjust the head straps, support harness inner bib, and other components as necessary. Connect the m anikin to the breathing simulator. Operate the breathing simulator so that the respirator under test is subjected to the following: (a)

A tid al vol ume of 1.5 L with 20 resp irations per minu te (total air inh alation rate of 30 L/min).

(b)

A tid al volume of 1.75 L with 20 resp irations per minu te (tot al air inh alation rate o f 35 L/min).

(c)

A tid al vol ume of 2.0 L wit h 20 resp irations per mi nute ( total air inh alation rate of 40 L/min).

(d)

A tid al volume of 2. 5 L with 38 resp irations per minute (total ai r inhalation rate of 95 L/min).

(e)

A tid al volume of 2.0 L with 25 res pirations per min ute (total air inh alation rate o f 50 L/min).

(f)

A tid al vol ume of 2.0 L wit h 32 resp irations per minu te (tot al air in halation rate o f 64 L/min).

E5

TESTS AND ENV IRONMENTAL CONDITIO NS

E5. 1 Brea thi ng res istanc e and ca rbo n mon oxid e fil te ri ng ef fi ci ency in fil te r self-rescuers (mines) The breathi ng simulato r shall be set to exha le air at a temperatu re of 37 ° C with a water vapour content of not less than 41.8 mg/L. One active element shall be subje cted to a continuous test run for at least 60 min in an atmosphere of 0.25 % by vol ume of carbon monoxide in air at 24 ± 1 °C containing not less than 20.7 mg/L water vapo ur, under conditions specified in Paragraph E4(b). The carb on monox ide content of the inhaled air shal l be mon itored during the test. The inhalation and exha lation resistance shall be measured at the beginning and end of the test. E5.2 Tempe rature rise in filter self -resc uer s (mi nes) The breath ing simulator shall be set to exhale air at a temperature of 37 °C with a water vapo ur content of not less than 41.8 mg/L. The active element shall be subjected to a cont inuous test run for at leas t 60 min in an atmosphere of 1.5% by volu me of carbo n monoxide in air at 23 ±1° C conta ining not less than 20.7 mg/L of water vapour, under conditions speci fied in Paragrap h E4(b) . The tempera ture of the inhaled air shall be monit ored during the test. The inhalation and exhalation resist ance sha ll be measu red at the begin ning and end of the test. 1 0 0 2 p e S 5 0 n o g n ir e e n i g n E h g u o l C y b d e s s e c c A

E5.3 Car bon dio xide accu mula tio n The respi rator shal l be subj ected to a test run as in Paragraph E4(c). The breathing simulator shall be set to exhale a 5% by volume carbon dioxide/air mixture at 37 ° C with a water vapour content of not less than 41.8 mg/L. The carbon diox ide content of the inha led air shal l be monit ored. For closed -circui t apparatu s, the ambient temperatu re shall be mainta ined at 30 a water vapour content of not less than 24.3 mg/L for the duration of the test.

± 1° C

with

For other than closed-circuit respirators, the ambient temperature shall be within the range 25 ± 5 °C, provi ded that the tempe rature is held to within ± 1° for the duration of the test. Relative humidity shall be withi n the range 30 -60%, provided that it is held w ithin ±5% for the duration of the test.

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For closed-circuit apparatus, the temperature of the inhaled mixture shall be reco rded continuously throughout the test. The temperature shall be measured as near to the mouthpiece as possible. Where required, the duration of the test run shall be recorded. Where a pressu re gauge is fitte d to the appara tus under test, the cyli nder pressure shall be noted at the start and compl etion of the test. E5.4 Re sis tan ce to br ea thin g The res pirator shall be sub jected to a test run as in Paragraph E4(d), E(e) or E4(f) as required. The range of pressures within the cavity of the mask adj acent to the faci al seal shall be measured dur ing the respiratory cycle of the machine. The pressu re recor dings shall not be measured in the inhalation point.

immed iate vicin ity of the

The maximum resistances shown on the manometer shall be noted. E5.5 Posi ti ve pres su re in fa cepie ce s and he ad co ve rings subjected to a test run, as described in Paragraph E4(a).

The res pirator shall be

For battery-powered respirators, activate the blower unit and operate for not less than 4 h. For air-su pplied respirators with hoods or head coverings, operate the air supply in accordance with the manufacturer’s specified minimum supply press ure or range of pressures. The range of press ure withi n the breath ing zone, except in the immedia te vicinity of the inhalation point, shall be measured during the respir atory cycle of the machi ne. The maximum pressures shown on the manometer shall be noted. NOTE: See Appendix G, Breathing resistance test.

E5.6

Exhal ed air humi dity pre- con diti on ing

The breathing simulator shall be set to

exhale air in accordance with Parag raph E4(a), at a temperature of 37 vapour content not less than 41.8 mg/L.

°C

with a water

The test shall be conducted for 2 h and 45 min in total. Duri ng this tim e, at inter vals of approximatel y 20 min, the respi rator shal l be compl etely remove d from the dummy head and refitted so that during the test period the respirator is fitted eight times to the dummy head. To prevent excess water spilling out of the dummy’s mouth and contaminating the respirator, the head shall be incl ined so that the water runs away from the mouth and is collected in a trap. If during the test a strap breaks, the test shall be started again with a new respirator. The strap breakage shall be reported. E6 1 0 0 2 p e S 5 0 n o g n ir e e n i g n E h g u o l C y b d e s s e c c A

REP ORTI NG OF RESU LTS

The follo wing shall b e reported :

(a)


(b)

The testing procedure used should be fully specified i.e. procedure E4 (c), Appendix E of AS/NZS 1716.

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LEGEND: 1 Breathing simulator 2 Auxiliar y breathing simulator 3 Non-return valve 4 Flowmeter 5 C ompensator

FIGURE E1

AS/NZS 1716:1994

6 7 8 9 10 11

Carbon dioxide analyzer Solenoid valves Dummy head Sampling tu be for inhalation air Carbon dioxide absorber Carbon dioxide supply

AN EXA MPLE OF A SUITABLE TEST RIG FOR DETERM INATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE CONTENT OF INHALATION OF AIR


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(a)


(b)

Dummy head

Detail of typical inhalation tube DIMENSIONS IN M ILLIMETRE S

FIGURE E2 DUMMY HEAD (SHEFFIELD HEAD) FOR CA RBON DI OXIDE CONTENT TEST OF THE INHALATION AIR (DEAD SPACE) FOR A FULL FACE MASK COPYRIGHT

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APPENDIX F

EXHALATION VALVE LEAKAGE TEST (Normative) F1 SC OPE This App endix sets o ut a typical metho d for test ing the leaka ge rate of the respirator exhalation valve. F2 PRI NCI PL E The exhalation valve of a r espirator is connected to leak age meter apparatus, exposed to a speci fied suctio n head, and the leakag e rate from the exhalation valve noted. NOTE : Valve asse mblies can be con nected to the leakage meter by simple jigs which may fashioned from laboratory type rubber stoppers.

F3

APP ARA TU S The appar atus shall con sist of the fol lowing:

(a)

A typ ical unit is shown in Fig ure F1. It consists of a cylindrical vessel 125 mm diameter, approximately 250 mm high, the op en end of whic h is closed by a metal plate and a rubber gasket.

(b)

A con nection ‘A’ co nnects the apparat us to a vacu um line and a val ve cont rols the rate of flow.

(c)

Tube ‘B’ is ope n to air an d the depth of insertion with in the glass ve ssel can be varied by a simple gland.

(d)

The compo nent under test is att ached to tube ‘C’ wh ich has a gland to all ow axi al movement at a constant depth.

(e)

The end of tu be ‘C’ is be nt so th at it can be po sitioned centrally under the 30 mL glass measuring vessel, which is attached to the air release tap ‘D’ by a rubber sleeve.

F4 (a)


be

PRE PAR ATI ON To prepa re the leakag e m eter fo r use— fill the 30 mL meas uring v essel to the ze ro mark with wat er;

(b)

close tube ‘C’ an d app ly suc tion to th e meter t hrough tub e ‘A’;

(c)

adjust the flow rat e, by mean s of th e valve in th e suction line, until the rate of bubbles rising from th e bottom of tube ‘B’ is appro ximately 60 to 80 bubbles per minute; and

(d)

attach the mano meter to tub e ‘C’ an d adju st the dep th of tube ‘B’ u ntil the press ure in tube ‘C’ is 245 Pa (25 mm of water).

F5

PRO CED URE

The proc edure sha ll be as follo ws:

(a)

Attach the ‘C’ comfrom ponent test to tuvessel. be ‘C’ by a sui table jig or con nection and move tube underunder the measuring

(b)

Open the air rele ase tap to allow air to es cape from th e meas uring ves sel an d then close the tap.

(c)

When conditions are steady, relocate the end of tube ‘C’ under the measuring vessel. Record the time and the amount of leakage into the measuring vessel.

(d)

Calculate the l eakage rate, in millilitres per m inute.

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FIGU RE F1

F6

REP ORTI NG OF RES ULT S

TYPICAL LEAKAG E METER

The follo wing shall be repo rted:

(a)


(b)

The leak age rate per mi nute from the exha lation valve.

(c)

The num ber of th is test m ethod, i.e. Appendix F of AS/NZ S 1716.


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APPENDIX G

BREATHING RESISTANCE TEST (Normative) G1 SC OP E This Appendix sets o ut the m ethod of testing the resista nce of respi rators (and associated f ilters where appropriate ) under continuous-flow conditions. G2 PRINC IPL E Breathing re sistance of the respirator is measured continuous-flow conditions at speci fied f low rates at a temper ature of 23 ± 3 °C.

under

G3 AP PAR ATU S Typical arrangements for a res istance meter for measuring both negative and positive pressure, as shown in Figure G1, consist of a control valve, a flowmeter and a manometer. The measuring tube to which the component under test is connected should have an intern al diameter of not less than 22 mm and the manometer tapping should be arrang ed so that the true static pressure withi n the tube is indi cated by the manometer. Some form of simple jig may be necessary to facilitate the connection of the component to the resistance meter. G4

PR OCE DUR E The proc edure shall be as follo ws:

(a)

Attach t he jig, if u sed, to t he re sistance meter .

(b)

Set the airf low at the requ ired rate by mean s of the control val ve and adj ust the manometer to the zero position.

(c)

Fit the component to be tested to the jig and note the pressure reading on the manometer.

G5

REP ORT ING OF RESU LTS

(a)

Info rmat ion identifying the resp irator.


(b)

The maximu m exhalation or in halation r esistance, as app ropriate .

(c)

The num ber of th is test m ethod, i.e. Appendix G of AS/ NZS 1716.


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(a) Suction

(b) Pressure * 1500 Pa = 150 mm H 1 0 0 2 p e S 5 0 n o g n ir e e n i g n E h g u o l C y b d e s s e c c A

2

O

FIGURE G1 TYPICAL RESISTANCE METER

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APPENDIX H

SIMULATED ROUGH USAGE TEST (Normative) H1 SC OP E This Appendix sets out methods for testin g filters to ensure that they will remain stable under conditions of rough usage or handli ng. H2 PRINC IPL E All filters enclosed in separate rigid containers are subjected to shaking in a specifie d manner to ensur e that they remain stable under condi tions of rough usage. Paragraph H5 descri bes an alternative method. However, in case of dispu te, the results of testing performed on filters subject to the method descri bed in Para graph H4 shall be considered correct. H3 AP PAR ATU S The appa ratu s shall cons ist of a tray as shown in Figure H1. The tray shall be designed so that each filter tested has a free movement of 6 ± 1 mm. H4 PROCE DUR E The filters shall be tested in the ‘as recei ved’ conditions. They shall be r emoved from thei r packaging, placed in the tray and arrang ed as shown in Figure H1, so that each filter has a movement of 6 ±1 mm. The tray shall then be subjected to a horizon tal recipr ocati ng movement at a rate of between 180- 200 cycles per minute with a peak to peak stroke of 85 ± 2 mm for the times shown in Table H1. H5 AL TE RNAT IV E APP AR ATU S AN D PR OC EDU RE The apparatus shown schematic ally in Figu re H2 consi sts of a steel case which is fixed on a verticall y moving piston, capable of bein g lifted up 20 mm by a rotating cam and dropping down onto a steel plate under its own mass as the cam rota tes. The mass of the steel case shal l be greater than 10 kg. H6 AL TE RNATI VE TE ST PR OCE DU RE The filters shall be tested in the ‘as recei ved’ conditions. They shall be remov ed from their pack aging, placed on their sides in the case and arranged so that they do not touch one another during the test. The test rig is operated at the rate of approximately 100 cycles per minute for approximatel y 20 min and a total of 2000 cycles.

TABLE H1 FILTER TEST TIMES 1 0 0 2 p e S 5 0 n o g n ir e e n i g n E h g u o l C y b d e s s e c c A

F i l t er ty p e

Ti me , m in s

Particulate filters

10

Gas and vapour filters

10

Class AUS and Class 1 (including combined gas and particulat e filters) Gas and vapour filters Classes 2 and 3 (including combined gas and particulat e filters) Otherfilters

30

30

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DIMENSIONS IN M ILLIMETRE S

FIGU RE H1 TYPI CAL ARRANGEMENT OF FILTERS DURING ROUGH USAGE TEST


DIMENSIONS IN M ILLIMETRE S

FIGURE H2

TYPICAL ALTERNATIVE TEST EQ UIPME NT FOR ROUGH USAGE TEST

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H7

REP ORT ING OF RESU LTS

(a)

Info rmat ion identifying th e fil ter.

(b)

Details o f any v isible damage sus tained by the filt er.

(c)

The num ber of th is test m ethod, i.e. App endix H of AS /NZS 1716.

The follo wing shall be report ed:


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APPENDIX I

PARTICULATE FILTERS—TEST FOR FILTERING EFFICIENCY (Normative) I1 SC OP E This Appen dix sets ou t the metho d f or deter minin g the filter efficien cy of particulate resp irator s. It is a test of initial filt er penetrati on using an aerosol of sodium chloride. I2 PR INC IPL E An aeroso l of sodium chloride parti cles is generated by atomizing an aqueous solution of the salt and evap orating the water. The concentration of this aerosol is measured by appropriate means, e.g. hydrogen flame photometry, before and afte r the filter is tested . Accur ate determina tions are possib le in the range <0.001 % to 100% filter penetration. I3

AP PAR ATU S The appa ratus used is des cribe d in Appendix L .

I4 PR OCE DUR E The test aerosol is fed int o the test chamber, where the filter is fixed. The specifi ed flowrate is passed through the f ilter and the aerosol concent ration is measured immedia tely before and after the filter by a flame ph otometer, or other suitab le method. I5

CALCULATI ON OF THE PENET RATIO N

where P = penetration C 1 = NaCl con centration before the filte r C 2 = NaCl con centration after the filter

I6


REP ORTI NG OF RESU LTS


(a)

Informa tion identifying the filte r/respi rator.

(b)

The number o f filt ers/respi rators test ed.

(c)

The fl ow rate of the test.

(d)

The filt er penetrati on as a percen tage.

(e)

Info rmat ion ide ntifying th e tes t method.

(f)

The num ber of th is tes t met hod, i.e. Ap pendix I of AS/NZ S 1716.

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APPENDIX J

SUPPLIED-AIR RESPIRATORS—SIMULATED WORK TESTS (Normative) J1 SCOP E This Appendix describes the tests designed to assess the suitability of supplied-air respirators for use in a variety of work situations. J2 APP LI CATI ON Four test proce dures are describ ed to assess comp ressed air SCBA respirators, suppli ed-oxygen SCBA respi rators, air- line respirators and air-hose respirators. J3 TEST S UBJ ECT S The respirators shall be teste d on test subjects who practise regularly with respirator s and whose medical and physical conditions are known to be satisfactory. J4

TEST PRO CED URE

J4.1 Gen er al A number of subjects, as deci ded by the test auth ority, shall be fitte d with the respirator submitted for test. Afte r the resp irator has been correct ly adjusted, wearers shall perform one of the simulated work tests described below. J4.2 Sim ula ted wor k test s for air-l ine or comp res sed-a ir SCBA res pir ato rs—wor k or rescue type The tests may be perform ed using eith er one of the procedu res set out in Paragraphs J4.2.1 and J4.2.2. J4.2 .1 Wor k te st The following test shall be continuous without rem oval of the respirator and shall be performe d for a period equal to the nominal effe ctive life of the charged cylinder or 15 min for an air-line or air-hose respirator: (a) Remove 1 kg rectangular section blocks (100 mm × 75 mm) fr om a shelf approximatel y 300 mm abov e head heig ht and stac k the blo cks on the floor at least two paces (2 m to 3 m) from the shelf. When all blocks have been rem oved and stacked, they shall be replaced on the shelf. E ach blo ck shall be moved separatel y and at the rate of 6 to 8 blocks per minute. This task shall be continued for one-third of the period. (b)

One-third of th e period asc ending and des cending two steps , each having a 220 mm rise, at a rate of 12 times per minute.

(c)

One-third of th e perio d walki ng on l evel ground at a rate o f 6.5 km /h.

J4.2.2 Alte rna tiv e tes t The test shall be continuous witho ut r emoval of the respi rator and shall be completed within a total working time of 30 min. 1 0 0 2 p e S 5 0 n o g n ir e e n i g n E h g u o l C y b d e s s e c c A

The seque nce of activities is at the discretion of the testi ng authority but shall generally comply with the following: (a)

30 pul ls on a work m achine, each pul l bein g vertic al from 1.8 m tow ards the gr ound

(b)

on a mass of 25 kg. Walking on the leve l w ith ful l head room along a tot al dis tance of 125 m.

(c)

Walking on th e level with he adroom of 1. 1 m to 1 .5 m along a tot al dis tance of 200 m.

(d)

Crawling on the level wit h head room of less tha n 0.75 m alon g a tota l dist ance of 100 m.

(e)

Climbing up and down a ladder and passing onc e, in bot h direc tions, through a 460 mm square opening. Total vertical distance 20 m.

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(f)

Carryi ng app roximately 22 sa ndbags (15 kg ea ch) individually over a dis tance of at least 9 m and placing them on a wall 1.4 m high.

J4.3 Sim ula ted wor k tes t for compr ess ed-a ir SCBA and suppli ed-o xygen SCB A— escape type The tes t shall be continuous without remov al of the respirato r and sha ll be perform ed for a period equal to the nominal effec tive life of the charged cylinder as follows: (a)

Remove 1 kg rectangular section blocks (100 mm × 75 mm) fr om a shelf approximatel y 300 mm abov e head hei ght and stack the blocks on the floor at least three paces (2 m to 3 m) from th e shelf. When all blocks have been remo ved and stacked, they shall be replaced on the shelf. Each block shall be moved separate ly and at the rate of 6 to 8 bloc ks per m inute. This task shall be cont inued for one-ha lf of the period.

(b)

One-half of th e per iod walk ing at a ra te of 6.5 k m/h on le vel gr ound.

J4.4 Sim ula ted work test for supp lie d oxy gen SCBAs The foll owing task s shall be performed at the test subj ect’s own pa ce and after the completion of each task ther e shall be a rest period not exceeding 5 min: (a)

Fifteen min car ryi ng 15 kg sandbags over a distance of at lea st 9 m and pla cing them on a wall 1.4 m high.

(b)

Ten min neg otiating a ci rcuit of a gallery whi ch com prises a ramp an d a seri es of beams of constant length of 9 m and var ying heights of 1.8, 1.35, 1.2, 0.9 and 0.6 m.

(c)

Ten min car ryi ng, pushing or pulling a dummy body with a mas s of 68 kg and strapped to a stretcher, around the same circuit of the gallery.

(d)

Twe nty min passing 15 kg san dbags through a stee l tube 3.7 m long by 0.7 m in

(e)

(f)

diameter. Five min r epeatedly rais ing an d lower ing a weigh t of 25.4 kg mas s from a height of 1.8 m by means of a rope and pulley in a cli matic chamber with a tempe rature of 38 ± 2°C and relative humidity of 75% to 95%. Fift een m in cli mbing ov er thr ee 1. 2 m hi gh hu rdles.

(g)

Ten min c limbing up and d own a vertical lad der of 5 .5 m.

(h)

Five min carry ing and building chock pieces in a climatic chamber with a temperature of 38 ±2 ° C and relative humidity of 75% to 95%.

J5 ASSE SSM EN T During the testing of these respirator types, the wear er shall subject ively assess the apparatus and record the f ollowing: (a) 1 0 0 2 p e S 5 0 n o g n ir e e n i g n E h g u o l C y b d e s s e c c A

Harness comfort.

(b)

Security of fasten ings and couplings.

(c)

Accessi bility of con trols and pr essur e gauge or pressure in dicator where fitt ed.

(d) (e)

Clarit y of vision fro m the facep iece. Accessi bility and ea se of o peration of th e suppl ement ary supp ly, w here fitte d.

(f)

Speech transmission.

(g)

Audible war ning device, wher e fit ted.

(h)

Manoeuvrability of t he air-lin e.

(i)

Comfort of the facepiece.

(j)

Any other commen ts volunteered by t he wearer.

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J6

REP ORTI NG OF RES ULTS

AS/NZS 1716:1994

The foll owing shall be report ed:

(a)

The informat ion ide ntifying the res pirator.

(b)

A reco rd of t he weare r’s assess ment rega rding the s uitability of the respira tor.

(c)

The num ber of th is test m ethod, i.e. Appendix J of AS/N ZS 1716.

NOTE: The report may be used by a regulatory authority in its assessment of the respirator for approva l purposes .


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APPENDIX K

CYLINDER VALVE REQUIREMENTS (Normative) K1 SC OP E This Appendix describes the general cylinder valves used in respirators. K2 K2.1

performance requirements for

VA LVE S Cons truction —gene ral

Valve bod ies shall not be manufactured as casti ngs.

Spindles for valve operation shall close the valve when rotated clockwise (as viewed from the spindle end). The spindle gland and spindle-ret aining nut shall not be loosened by operatio n of the spindle. The spind le shall not be separabl e from the valve body without the prior remova l of the s pindle-retai ning device by the use of tool s. The valve should incorporate a feat ure to inhibit passage of f oreign particles from the cylinder. K2.2 Materi als The mate rial used for cons truction of the valve body should have mechanical properties (e.g. tensile strength, elongation, impact stren gth, impact loads) compatible with the maximum service pressure to which th e valve will be expos ed. K2.3 Pres sure rat ing The maximum servi ce pressure for which the valv e is rated shall be nomin ated by the valve manufacturer and shall be verifi ed by the pressu re tests in AS 2473. NOTE: Endorsed test reports verifying the maximum service pressure of the valve may be taken as complying with this requirem ent.

K2.4 Valv e st em (in le t) thre ad following:

The valve stem (inlet) thread shall be one of the

(a)

Taper th read listed in T able 1 of AS 2473.

(b)

Para llel threa d lis ted in Tab le 2 o f AS 2473.

(c)

Threa d comp atible w ith one of the cy linder neck thre ads lis ted in AS 2030.1.

For paralle l stem (inlet) threads, the seal between the valve and cylinder should be at or close to the end face of the cylinder and should incorporate an O-ring. K2.5 Type of valve exh alati on connect ion The outlet connection shall be by any suitable threade d connector or by a yoke outle t. A yoke outlet connector shall not be used where the maximum service pressure exceeds 22.5 MPa. 1 0 0 2 p e S 5 0 n o g n ir e e n i g n E h g u o l C y b d e s s e c c A

K2.6 Mark in g the following:

Valves shal l be per manen tly and legib ly marke d on the valve bod y with

(a)

The nam e, or id entifying mark , of the m anufact urer.

(b)

The maximum service press ure, which may be i n an abbrev iated form o r in a co de, provided that the m anufacturer makes known to users and other intereste d person s the pressure denoted by these markings.

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APPENDIX L

APPARAT US TO BE USED IN SODIU M CHLORIDE AEROSOL TESTS (Normative) L1 SCO PE This Appen dix lists th e apparatus and test condi tions requi red to test both the filtering efficiency of particulate respirators and the total inward leakage of assembled respirators, using a sodium chloride aerosol. L2

APP ARATUS AND TE ST CONDITION S COM MON TO BOTH TE STS

L2.1 Aero sol gener ator An aerosol of solid sodium chloride is generated fro m a solution of reagent grade sodium chlor ide in distil led water. The aerosol is polydisperse with par ticle s mainly within the size range 0.02 µm to 2 µm equiv alent diameter and has a mass median particle diameter of approximately 0.3 to 0.6 µm. The aerosol is dispersed in an air stream of sufficien t volume to comply w ith the re levant requirements of Paragraphs L3 and L4. An example of a suitable system for filter testing, using the atomizer described in BS 4400, would be— (a)

concentration of NaCl solution—1%;

(b)

flow rate to atomizer—12.75

± 0.25

(c)

air pressure to atomizer—3 45

±14

(d) (e)

relat ive humidity of aerosol/diluted air mixture—<6 0%; and temperature of air—23 ± 2° C.

L/min;

kPa;

For total inward leakage testing, the generator described in BS 3928 is suitable. NOTE: For testing supplied-air and PAPR devices, the supply of aerosol/air atmosphere must be sufficient to prevent undu e dilut ion of the test atmosphere. Air suppl ies up to 5000 L/m may be necessary to ensure this.

L2.2 De tec tio n The concentration of the sodium chloride challenge aerosol is measured before and after passing through the filter or respirator under test. The hydrogen flame photomete r, described in BS 4400 , is accept able. An inte rferenc e filte r w ith a band pass widt h of no greater than 3 nm is needed to reduce res ponse to other elements, particularly carbo n. Other m ethods of detec tion shown to be of equivalent accuracy and sensitiv ity may be used, e.g. a solid-state photometer. 1 0 0 2 p e S 5 0 n o g n ir e e n i g n E h g u o l C y b d e s s e c c A

L3

APP ARATUS AND CO NDITIONS FOR FI LTER TES TING

L3.1 The challenge aerosol concentration should be in the range 5 to 15 mg/m shall remain constant within ±5% during a test series. L3.2 L4

3

, but

A schemat ic illustrat ion of the set-up is sho wn in Figur e L1. APP ARATUS AND CO NDITIONS FOR FA CIAL FIT TE STIN G

L4.1 Ae ro sol The challenge aerosol concentration should be in the range 5 to 15 mg/m 3, but shall remain constant within ±5% during a test. L4.2 A schematic illustration of the set-up for total inward leakage is shown in Figure L2.

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L4.3

Detec tio n system

L4.3.1 General The detector should be capable of measuring concentrations of a 3 sodium chloride aerosol between 15 mg/m and 0.005 mg/m 3 . Its respons e time, excluding that of the sampling system, should be less than 500 ms. The total aerosol sample required should not be greater than 15 L/min. L4.3.2 Test atmosphe re The test atmosphere prefera bly enters the top of the chamber through a flow dist ributor and is direct ed downwar ds over the head of the test subj ect, as shown in Figure L2. The variat ion in the concentratio n of the test atmosphere throughout the effect ive w orking volum e shall not exceed 10%. NOTE: To achieve these conditions a face velocity of at least 0.12 m/s may be required.

L4.3.3 Sampling of chamber concentration The chamber aerosol concentration is monitored during the tests, using a separate samplin g system, to avoid contamination of the respirator sampling lines. It is preferab le to use a separate detector for this purpose. (See Figure L2.) If a second det ector is not avail able, the chamber con centration may be sampled with the same samp ling system. However, time will the n have to be allo wed for the detector to return to a clean background. L4.4 Exerc ise mach ine An exer cise machine capa ble of work ing at a rate of 25 watt s (equivalent to w alking 6.5 km/h on a treadmil l) is required . L4.5 Sa mpl e p um ps If no pump is inc orporated into the dete ctor, an adjus table flow pump is used to withdraw an air sample fro m the res pirator under test. This pump is adjusted so as to withdraw a continuous flow of 1 to 3 L/min f rom the sample prob e. Dependent on the typ e of detecto r, it may be necessary to dilute the sample with clean air. L4.6

Sa mpl e tu bes

Sampling tubes shall be made of plastics with a nominal internal

diamete r of not less than 4 mm. The lengt h of tubin g shall be as sho rt as pos sible. Where separate tubes are used to s ample the chambe r and respir ator, they shoul d be of equal size and length and follow similar paths. L4.7

Sam pli ng system

L4.7.1 Sampl e sele ctor A syste m is requ ired for no n-powered air-purif ying respirators which will switch the sample to the detec tor during the inhalation phase of the respirat ory cycle. Duri ng the exhalation phase, clean air is fed to the photometer. The essential elements of such a system are as follows:


(a)

An ele ctrically-operated valve with a response time of the orde r of 10 0 ms. The valve should have the minimum possible dead space compatible with straight- through, unrestricted flow when open.

(b)

A pres sure sensor which is cap able of det ecting a minimum press ure change of approximately 0.5 Pa and which can be conn ected to a probe insert ed in the cavity of the filtering half mask. The sensor must have an adjustable threshold and be capable of differen tial signalling when the threshold is crossed in either directio n. The sensor must work r eliably when subjec ted to the accelerat ions produced by the head movements of the subject .

(c)

An int erfacing syst em to actu ate the val ve in resp onse to a signal from th e pressu re sensor.

(d)

An integrating rec order to average the readings over the proportion of the total respiratory cycle during which sampling took place.

(e)

A timing device to reco rd the total proportion of the time tha t inhalation takes place.

A typical diagram of the testing scheme is shown in Figure L2. COPYRIGHT

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L4.7.2 Sampl ing pro be The pro be cons ists of a length of 2 mm nominal bore tube fitted securely in an airti ght manner to the resp irator as near as possible to the centreline. Attached to the tube is a plastic ball, 20 mm diameter, which has eight 1.5 mm holes drilled r adially in the vertical plane. These holes communi cate with a central hole which enters the ball at righ t angles to the vertical plane. The central hole is conn ected to the hypodermic tube. The probe is adjusted so tha t the ball just touches the wearer’s lip s. Where the cavity of the mask is insufficient to accommodate the sampling probe an alternati ve probe which fulfils the same funct ion may be used. A typical head mount is shown in Figure L3. NOTE : A suitab le supply of balls may be obtained from laboratory supplie rs by specify ing plastic balls used for temperature-controlled water baths.

L4.7 .3 Pre ssu re det ect ion pro be (req uir ed only fo r non- pow ere d air-p uri fy ing respirators) A secon d probe is fitted near to the sample probe and is conn ected to the pressure sensor described in Paragraph L4.7.1(b). L4.8 Filte r simulato r bla nk (full face piece on ly) If the fac epiece is to be us ed wit h a filter having a standard thread, a device which simulates the maximum weight and resistance of filters permit ted for that type of facepiece is shown in Figure L4. This simulator shall be conn ected to a clean air supply by an ultra-li ghtweight flexi ble hose. If the facep iece uses a special connection the clean air suppl y shall be attac hed to the filter or equip ment norma lly used with th e f acepiece. It is important that the a ttachment of the clean air-hose to the facepiece does not affect the fit of the facepiece and if necessary the hose shall be supported. (See also Figure L5.)


LEGEND: 1 2 3 4

Airfilter Test aerosol generator Test chamber Differe ntial pressure indicator

FIGURE L1

5 Change-over valve 6 Flowmeter 7 Aerosol measuring apparatus 8 Specimen filter

APPARATUS FOR SODIUM CHLORID E TEST

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LEGEND: 1 Atomizer 2 Pump 3 Change-over valve 4 Filt er 5 Test chamber 6 Chamber sampling line

7 Respir ator sampling lines 8 Pressure sensor 9 Photometer 10 Exercise machine 11 Ductingand baff le 12 Additional clean air supply 13 Pulsed sampling interfac e

FIGURE L2 APPARATU S USED IN TOTA L INWARD L EAKAGE TESTING OF NON-POWERED AIR-PURIFYING RESPIRATORS 1 0 0 2 p e S 5 0 n o g n ir e e n i g n E h g u o l C y b d e s s e c c A

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FIGURE L3


AS/NZS 1716:1994

TYPICAL ARRAN GEMEN T OF MONITORIN G EQUIPMEN T

Mass: 500 g, equally distributed along the length Pressure drop: 1000 pa at 95 ± 2 L/min. DIMENSIONS IN M ILLIMETRE S

FIGURE L4

FILTER SIMULATOR FOR STANDA RD THREAD FILTERS/FACEPIE CES

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LEGEND: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

FIGURE L5

Atomizer Pump Change-over valve Filt er Test chamber Chamber sampling line Respirato r sampling lines

8 Pressure sensor 9 Photometer 10 Re ference simulator, air supply 11 Exercise machine 12 Ducting and baff le 13 Additional clean air supply 14 Pulsed sampling interfac e

TYPICAL APPARAT US USED WHEN T ESTING FILTER SIMULATOR


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APPENDIX M

CONVERSION TABLE (Informative) TABLE M1 PRESSURE atm

m mH

O

p a s c a l ( N / m 2)

m m Hg

lb /i n 2

2

1 atmosphere

1

1 mm H 2O at 4 ° C 1 mm Hg at 0 1 pascal 1 poun d per square inch

°C

1.0332

9.678 1.316 9.869 6.805

×

10-5

×

10

-3

×

10

-6

×

10-2

×

10

3

1 13.595 1.0197 703.1

760 7.356

102

×

10

10

9.8067

1 -1

×

1.0133 ×

7.5006 51.715


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×

10

1.934

1 6.895

14.70

1.4504 ×

×

1.4223

133.3 -3

5

103

1

×

1 0 -3

10-2 ×

1 0 -4


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