Arabic Grammar - Level 01 - English Book

Quranic Arabic Program Level 1: Basic Arabic Language Muhammad Mubashir Nazir

At end of this level, you will be able to understand the religious Arabic used in the routine life.

www.mubashirnazir.org This book is the beta version. Quality review is in progress. Certain spelling, grammar or language mistakes are possible in this book.

Table of Contents

Description

Page

Introduction

3

Level 0

6

Lesson 1: Arabic Alphabets

7

Lesson 2: Half Alphabets

14

Lesson 3: Arabic Vowels

21

Lesson 4: Long Vowels

25

Lesson 5: Two Special Sounds

30

Lesson 6: The Sound of ‘N’ (Tanween) & Some Special Characters

34

Lesson 7: Double Letters (Tashdeed)

45

Lesson 8: Read Sentences

52

Lesson 9: Start Writing Arabic

63

Lesson 10: Practice Yourself

64

Level 1: Learn the Basic Arabic Language

65

Lesson 1A: Parts of Speech

66

Lesson 1B: Basic Hymns

70

Lesson 2A: Gender

75

Lesson 2B: The Prayer

80

Lesson 3A: Case

90

Lesson 3B: What is Piety?

92

Lesson 4A: Number

98

Lesson 4B: Allah, There is no god except Him!

105

Lesson 5A: Pronouns

113

Lesson 5B: Intentions, Begging & Praising Others

130

What’s next?

135

Bibliography

136

Quranic Arabic Program

2

Level 01

Introduction Dear Reader: Assalam o alaikum! Thanks for selecting “Quranic Arabic Program” to learn the Arabic Language. We will take you through a series of lessons. At the end, you will be able to understand the Arabic Language Insha Allah. This program contains an easy approach to learn the Arabic Language. This program covers the language of Islamic Literature but it is name the “Quranic Arabic Program” because the Quran resides at the central position in this program. People learn Arabic Language due to two reasons: To understand the Quran, the Hadith and classic Arabic Literature; or to speak and write in the modern Arabic to communicate with Arabs. This course is targeted towards the former objective. Although people with the second objectives can also get benefit of this program. Due to its systematic nature, Arabic is one of the easiest languages of the world. It has well-defined rules and a developed language structure. If you are familiar with these rules, you can learn this language in a few weeks. To understand the Quran and the Hadith, it is essential to learn the Arabic Language used in the Quran, the Hadith and the Islamic literature. We will focus on its linguistics, philology and figurative speech.

Study Methodology Study Methodology is very simple. Study one lesson daily. Solve all the exercises provided under “Test Yourself”. Do not read the answers before attempting the questions. Once you solve the exercises, compare your answers with the answers provided to you. In a few weeks, you will find that your Arabic Language skills are improving.

The Boxes Following boxes are provided to you for your ready reference. They contain very important information for you. Rule of the Day

Build Your Personality

Grammar and language rules will be provided in this box.

Objective of our course is not only teaching the Quranic Arabic. We are also concerned about transforming our personalities according to Quranic teachings. This box will provide you the tips for Personality Development.

Do you know? Facts about the Arabs, their Language, Islamic literature and history will be provided in this box.

Face the Challenge!

Worth Reading

This box will challenge you which will help you in developing your language skills

Links to good articles will be provided in this box.


3

Level 01

Introduction The Program is organized as follows: •

Level 0: The objective of this level is to enable you to read the Arabic script.

•

Level 1: The objective of this level is to enable you to understand the religious Arabic used in the routine life.

•

Level 2: This level is designed to improve your language skills. You learn basic grammar and enhance your vocabulary. After completing this level, you become able to understand 30-40% of the Islamic literature in Arabic by using a dictionary.

•

Level 3: This level enhances your skills further. You read advanced concepts of grammar. Your vocabulary becomes vast. After completing this level, you become able to understand 75-80% of the Islamic literature in Arabic by using a dictionary.

•

Level 4: You complete your studies of Arabic Grammar at this level. At completion of this level, you become able to read 100% of the Islamic literature in Arabic by using a dictionary.

•

Level 5: This is the last level of this program. You study the advanced concepts of “Arabic Eloquence” at this level. At the end of this level, you become able to appreciate the fine rhetorical concepts in the Arabic language. It enables you to understand the Islamic literature in Arabic without consulting a dictionary frequently.

Level 1 – 5 are also divided into two streams. “A” series deal with the rules of Arabic Grammar & Eloquence. Enough exercises are provided to you to learn the Grammar & Eloquence rules. The objective of “B” Series is to build your vocabulary. Passages from the Quran, the Hadith and selected writings of Arab scholars are provided to you. You have to learn the words and styles and then translate the passages into English. You need not to cram these words. The lessons and the exercises are designed in a way that you will automatically learn the grammar rules, words and Arabic styles. At this level, we shall not provide you the answers for the B Series. This program is not designed to teach you day-to-day conversation in the Arabic language. This program is also not designed to teach you how to write in Arabic language. But this program will help you in achieving these two objectives. You need an Arabic speaking environment as well as a teacher to achieve these two objectives. Nevertheless, the program is basically designed to teach you comprehension in the Arabic language.

Ask Your Questions If you are facing difficulty in any lesson, feel free to ask your questions. Send an email at [email protected]. Feel free to share your views and valuable comments. Scholars of Arabic language are strongly requested to please identify any mistakes in this book. Any constructive criticism will be highly welcomed.

Important Note This book is the beta version of this program. Quality review is in progress. Certain spelling, grammar or language mistakes are possible in this book.


4

Level 01

Introduction

Set-up Your Resources Enable the Arabic Language in your computer. Follow these steps: For Windows Vista Users •

Open "Regional and Language Options" from Control Panel

•

Press “Keyboards and Languages” tab.

•

Press “Change keyboards…” button

•

Press “Add” button

•

Select “Input Language: “Arabic“

For Windows XP Users •


•

Choose Language tab.

•

Check the "Install files for Complex Script and right-to-left languages (Including Thai)".

•

Press Apply to proceed

•

Press Details button.

•

Press Add button.

•

Select the “Arabic (Saudi Arabia)” in Input Language drop down list.

•

Select the default “Arabic (102)” keyboard.

•

Press “OK” and then “Apply”.

The system may ask you to provide Windows CD during this process. Warning: If you are using an unlicensed version of Windows, it may corrupt. Download the following resources from this link to continue this program: http://www.mubashirnazir.org/Courses/Arabic/Level01/AR000-01-Contents-E.htm •

The Holy Quran

•

Arabic Font

•

A Dictionary: Download the Sakhr Arabic-English Dictionary and install it in your computer. After that, do the following steps: •


•

In Regional Options change the standard format to Arabic (Saudi Arabia), and the location to be Saudi Arabia

•

Press the 'Advanced' card (The third card up) and then change the language to Arabic (Saudi Arabia), then ok and restart your computer.

•

Check that Sakhr Dictionary is working.

•

Go back to the Regional Settings and change the settings to your normal settings.


5

Level 01

Level 0

Level 0: Learn the Arabic Script

At end of this level, you will be able to read the Arabic script. If you already read the Arabic script, you can directly start with the Level 1 but it will be useful reading boxes in Level 0.


6

Level 01

Lesson 1: Arabic Alphabets All languages consist of alphabets. Each alphabet is a sound coming out of a specific part of our mouth. These alphabets combine each other to form a word. Different words are arranged in a specific sequence to form sentences and sentences make the speech. Therefore, study of all languages start with the alphabets. Carefully look at the shape of each letter and listen its sound.

Build Your Personality Make it your habit to start all your tasks by provoking the name of your God.

Arabic has 29 alphabets which are as follows: Letter

% $ # " !

Name

Description

Alif

Its sound is like ‘A’ as in ‘CAR’.

Ba

Equivalent to ‘B’ as in ‘BOOK’. It has one dot under the dish-like shape.

Ta

Similar to ‘T’ but it is a lighter sound produced with the tip of the tongue between the front teeth. It has two dots above the dish-like shape.

Tha

It does not have an exact equivalent in English. It is produced with the tip of the tongue between the front teeth. It has three dots above the dish-like shape.

Jeem

Equivalent to ‘J’ as in ‘JAPAN’. It has one dot inside the duck-like shape.

Ha

It has no equivalent in English, but comes closest to the ‘H’ sound. It is produced by narrowing the middle of the throat. It has no dot.

Kha

It has no equivalent in English, but comes closest to the ‘KH’ sound as in “KHAN”. It has one dot above the duck-like shape.

Face the Challenge!

Face the Challenge!

Tell the difference between the shape of

Tell the difference between the shape of

.

Note: These lessons are based on the work of Qari Fateh Muhammad Pani Pati. Quranic Arabic Program

7

Level 01


Letter

& ' ( ) * + ,

Name

Description

Daal

Similar to ‘D’ but in a lighter sound with the tip of the tongue between the front teeth. The sound is like ‘TH’ as in ‘THAT’. It has no dot.

Zaal

It has no equivalent in English. Its sound is like ‘Z’ produced with the tip of the tongue between the front teeth. It is written by putting one dot above ‘Daal’.

Ra

Equivalent to ‘R’ as in ‘ROAD’. It has no dot.

Za

Equivalent to ‘Z’ as in ‘ZIG Zag’. It is written by putting a dot above ‘Ra’.

Seen

Equivalent to ‘S’ as in ‘SAY’. It has no dot.

Sheen

Equivalent to ‘SH’ as in ‘SHALL’. It is written by putting three dots above ‘Seen’.

Swaad

It has no exact equivalent in English. Its sound is like ‘S’ by making lips slightly rounded. It has no dot.

Dwaad

It has no exact equivalent in English. Its sound is like ‘D’ by making lips slightly rounded. It is written by putting a dot above ‘Swaad’.

Rule of the Day Alphabets are different sounds produced by different parts of your mouth.

Face the Challenge! Tell the difference between the shape of it with the difference between other letters


8

. Compare

Level 01


Letter

. / 0 3 2 1

Name

Description

Twa

It has no exact equivalent in English. It is produced like ‘T’ by touching the tongue tip to the back of the upper teeth, The lips are somewhat rounded. It has no dot.

Zwa

It has no exact equivalent in English. It is produced like ‘Z’ by touching the tongue tip to the back of the upper teeth, The lips are somewhat rounded. It is written by putting a dot above ‘Twa’.

A’in

It has no equivalent in English. It is produced from the middle of the throat. We will denote it by putting an inverted comma after a vowel like A, I or U.

Ghain

It has no equivalent in English. It is produced from the upper part of the throat. Its sound is like that of gargling. We will denote it by ‘GH’. It is written by putting one dot above A’in.

Fa

Equivalent to ‘F’ as in ‘FAT’. It has one dot. It is written in a long dish-like shape with round head.

Qaaf

Almost equivalent to ‘Q’ as in ‘QUICK’. It is produced with the back of the tongue touching the back of the mouth. It has two dots. It is written like ‘Fa’ but in a round shape.

Kaaf

Equivalent to ‘K’ as in ‘KICK’.

Face the Challenge! Tell the difference between the shape of Do you know? People of different areas speak the same language differently. The difference exists in pronunciation, words, phrases and styles.


9

Level 01


Letter

9 8 7 4 6 5

Name

Description

Laam

Equivalent to ‘L’ as in ‘LONG’.

Meem

Equivalent to ‘M’ as in ‘MORNING’.

Noon

Equivalent to ‘N’ as in ‘NICE’.

Ha

Equivalent to ‘H’ as in ‘HOLIDAY’.

Waow

Equivalent to ‘W’ as in ‘WINDOW’.

Hamzah

It has no equivalent in English. It is produced with inner part of throat with a small break.

Ya

Equivalent to ‘Y’ as in ‘York’.

Face the Challenge! Listen the sounds of . What is the difference? Face the Challenge! Listen the sounds of . What is the difference? Face the Challenge! Listen the sounds of is the difference?


. What

10

Level 01


Test Yourself Now solve the following exercise. You have to write the name of each alphabet against its name. Along with writing, also pronounce the letter as you have already listened from the downloaded sounds. Each letter contains one mark. After doing the exercise, check the answers with previous pages and then calculate your score. If your score is less than 80%, do the exercise again. Letter

Name

Letter

Letter

Name

Name

Letter

2

)

8

3

7

7

8

!

9

0

!

,

!

7

4

-

#

+

,

+

8

,

.

,

3

9

/

/

)

0

&

6


Name

11

Level 01


Letter

Name

Letter

Letter

Name

Name

Letter

%

%

:

"

-

)

6

9

(

%

'

2

$

*

:

1

!

#

#

&

"

*

3

!

#

#

'

*

%

'

0

/

&

4

+

*

2

)

(

$

.

*

6

1

'


12

Name

Level 01


Letter

Name

0

Letter

Letter

Name

Name

Letter

(

/

.

%

$

0

&

9

/ -

$

6

-

.

,

:

)

7

4

3

2

"

(

.

9

:

8

(

4

+

6

+

1

1

'

1

:

7


13

Name

Level 01

Lesson 2: Half Alphabets As English Alphabets have capital and small letters, most of Arabic Alphabets are written half when joined with other alphabets. Unlike English Alphabets, Arabic alphabets are joined with each other. They are not written in full form. Unlike English, Arabic is written from right-to-left. Read this table from right-to-left. Look at the following tables to recognize the form of alphabets in the beginning, middle or end of each word. We have added a letter % in

Build Your Personality Meet your God! Performing prayer is not only a physical exercise, it is visiting your Lord.

red color at the start and end of each letter to display different forms of each letter. Original letter is displayed in black color, so concentrate on the black letter. End of the Word

Middle of the Word

| B; | ; %B; | %; C; %C; | ; @; ; | I; ?; ; ; H; > G; = F; < ; %; ; %; Quranic Arabic Program

14

Start of the Word

Letter

%

; E D %& %'

% $ # " ! & ' Level 01

Lesson 2: Half Alphabets End of the Word

Middle of the Word

Start of the Word

Letter

; R; d; c; b; a; `; _; ; ^; ]; \;

%; %R; Q; P; ; ; O; N; M; L; K; J;

%

( ) * + , . / 0 3 2


%( [ Z Y X W V U T S 15

Level 01

Lesson 2: Half Alphabets End of the Word

Middle of the Word

v; u; t; s; h; r;

j; i; ; ; %h; g;

| B; |6% %B; | %6% | e; | C; | %C; | q; f; |%e; p; | o;

;

Face the Challenge! What happens to : when it is joined with other letters? What happens to 6 ?


Start of the Word

Letter

n % m

1 9 8 7 4

%l

6

k

5

Face the Challenge! What are different forms of 4 when it is joined with other letters?

16

Level 01

Lesson 2: Half Alphabets From above, we can derive the following rules: • When letters are joined, they change their form. • The beginning letter is usually written in half.

Do you know?

• Letters in middle of a word are also written in half but they are joined with their preceding word.

Arabic letters in joining form are compressed and stretched to form an excellent art. See the photo of an artistic masterpiece and identify the alphabets used.

• Letter at the end of a word is usually written in full but it is joined with its preceding word. • Most of the letters are written in half form if they come in a combination. • Few exceptional letters change their shape when they come in a word. These letters are following:

• which can carry a small 6 as l or w • $ which sometimes changes to x at end of the word • 1 which can come as 5 or y

Rule of the Day

• 4 which can come as rm or 4 • : which can come as 5 or y • which can come as z • Some letters do not change their form at all: They are:

• &

Each language is developed by its native people. They follow certain rules in their language. Sometimes, they break a rule. While learning that language, a non-native person has to follow the native people whether they follow a rule or break it. For example, in English, ‘but’ is read as ‘batt’ whereas ‘put’ is read as ‘put’. We have to follow the native people.

• ' • • ( • 6

Do you know? A text editor like MS Word can automatically select the half or full form while typing Arabic.


17

Level 01


Test Yourself Now solve the following exercise. The table is from right-to-left. Identify the alphabets used in the following words. Each word contains one mark. After doing the exercise, check the answers and calculate your score. If your score is less than 80%, do the exercise again. Letter Used

Word

Letter Used

Word

Letter Used

Word

Letter Used

Word

&%

;l

uM

xK[

\[

x?S

KY

l

S

u?S

Y

Dl

S

\@W

7'l

m

yS

J@W

nl

xRm

tQS

hW

l

m

@~

d@U

u<

sn

?~

9U

x;

l

Q~

\iU

uM

K~

U

\iD

]l

hK~

@ U

~'

skl

@

x}T

r;

xR|

Qn

@S

6

g

x{

[


18

Level 01


Letter Used

Word

Letter Used

Letter Used

Word

Word

Letter Used

Word

ti[

\&

r

6

&Z

mZ

9S

m

;Z

;U

9hS

;hY

U

7

D

8MW

\[T

&&

;U

Y

]

k

6OU

!h

hX

6T

'hUl

d

9

;?

l

n

vin

n

3

3hD

q Z

[@

4k

6n

oLW

Q

9Jk

uk

hLW

;n

;

8hk

W

U?n

;Q

4k

&U

/On

@[

[

oiU

ZMn

[

_

U


19

Level 01


Letter Used

Word

Letter Used

Letter Used

Word

Word

Letter Used

Word

kS

M;

o

'Kn

cO;

t

gn

oM[

t?@

@

`

I

l

t M

IQ

D

h@E

?k

7S

}Y

9h[

Qk

&;

}Y

&hgZ

v'

kn

Qk

&hMS

ckS

@iT

4h

P U

;w

dMQU

t El

x&6hn

n

%Pk

t l

UhXhn

OS

\m

;

r k(hn

)WS

IOP

@D

fnhk

&Yn

7hiDk

\

Il

S

7h Y

gZ

m

sn

$Mn

t NU


20

Level 01

Lesson 3: Arabic Vowels Dear Reader! Now you know the different forms of Arabic Letters very well. In this lesson, we will discuss the Arabic Vowels. It is an interesting fact that there are some special characters used as vowels. They are called “Harakaat” ($). Arabic has four vowels named Fathah

(?), Kasrah (xQ), Dhammah (X) and Jazm (8R ). These

vowels are used with other characters. When a vowel is used with a letter, it is said that the letter is carrying that vowel. For example, if the letter, MEEM has a FATHAH, we will say that MEEM is carrying a FATHAH.

Build Your Personality Develop the sense that your God is monitoring you and you will be accountable for your deeds.

• The sound of Fathah is like ‘U’ as in ‘But’, ‘O’ as is ‘SOME’, ‘U’ as in ‘SHUT’, ‘U’ as in ‘CUT’. It is

written as a small bar over its carrying letter as in $ . While writing Arabic words in English, we will denote it by ‘A’.

• The sound of Kasrah is like ‘I’ as in ‘IN’, ‘I’ as in ‘DISCUSS’, ‘I’ as in ‘IT’ or ‘E’ as in ‘ENABLE’. It is written as a small bar under its carrying letter as in

$

. While writing Arabic words in English, we will

denote it by ‘I’. • The sound of Dhammah is produced by round the lips. Its sound is like ‘U’ as in ‘PUT’, ‘U’ as in ‘BULL’, ‘U’ as in ‘PULL’. It is written by a diagonal 9-like shape written on its carrying letter as in $ . While writing Arabic words in English, we will denote it by ‘U’. • When a letter carries a Jazm, that letter is silent. Its sound will be like ‘T’ as in ‘PUT’, ‘S’ as in ‘DISK’ etc. It is written as

$

or simply without writing anything on the letter. Jazm is not allowed on the first

letter of a word. It can come on subsequent letters. We have written

somewhere and omitted in at

many occasions to display the both options. Do you know?

Rule of the Day

Many people do not pronounce certain letters correctly. For example, most of Egyptians cannot pronounce " correctly, some Arab tribes

Unlike other languages, Arabic words also contain a vowel at the end. As a result, there are certain rules in Arabic to join a word with the next one.

do not pronounce 2, Pakistanis & Indians do not pronounce ! and /, Indonesians do not

pronounce 3. There are certain people who are trained to recite the Quran correctly. They are called “Qaree (Reciter)”.


21

Face the Challenge! Type Arabic letters (if you can) and try to put all four vowels over them by computer.

Level 01

Lesson 3: Arabic Vowels Read the table from right-to-left. Also download the sounds and listen. The sounds are also written in English. As you have learnt that a letter carrying a Jazm cannot come at start of a word, therefore, we have added a letter ‘Ba’ is written before the original letter to produce the Jazm sound. It is written in red color. You have to concentrate on black letters. With Jazm

With Dhammah

; bab ; bat I ; bath ; baj H ; bah G ;

l| bu % tu $ thu # | ju " hu !

ba

uu

With Kasrah

w | bi % ti $ thi # ji " hi !

ii

bakh

F ;

khu

khi

bad

;

du

&

di

badh

;

; baz R ; bas d ; bash c ; bar

basw

b ;

dhu

'

zu ( su ) shu * swu + ru

dhi

With Fathah

* l | ba % ta $ tha # ja " ha !

aa

kha

&

da

&

'

zi ( si ) shi * swi + ri

dha

'

za ( sa ) sha * swa + ra

Letter

% $ # " ! &

'

( ) * +

***


22

Level 01


With Jazm

badw

a ;

batw

`;

bazw

_;

baa’

;

bagh

^ ;

With Dhammah

, twu zwu . a’u / ghu 0

dwu

baf

] ;

fu

baq

\ ;

qu

bak

v ;

ku

bal

u ;

bam

t ;

ban

3 2 1

With Kasrah

, twi zwi . a’I / ghi 0

dwi

fi

3

qi ki

2 1

With Fathah

Letter

, twa zwa . a’a / gha 0

, . / 0

dwa

fa

3

qa ka

2 1

3 2 1

s ;

9| mu 8 nu 7 |

r ;

hu

hi

4

9 ma 8 na 7

bah

4

9 mi 8 ni 7

ha

4

baa

B ;

au

l|

ii

w

aa

l

6

bau

h ;

wu

wi

wa

bai

yu

lu


5

li

yi

5

23

la

ya

5

9 8 7 4

5

Level 01


Test Yourself Try to read the following words. Write these words in English. Focus on all four vowels.

Word

Word

Word

u M S u ?S S m M ; I Q I M l I M l u g n l g P k $ P

d @U 9 U u M ?~| u ?S| S K ~| u M | s n l S P l @U l @M

D l 7 ' l n l l u M \ i D ~ ' n s n t @Y l


24

Level 01

Lesson 4: Long Vowels Dear Reader! You are now aware about four vowels or Harakaat of Arabic i.e. Fathah, Kasrah, Dhammah and Jazm. Sometimes, the sound of first three vowels becomes long. It is like using ‘OO’ as in ‘FOOL’. Jazm cannot be stretched long. Arabs have developed special characters for these long vowels. Like short vowels, long vowels also are also carried by alphabets. These vowels are called long fathah, long kasrah and long dhammah.

Build Your Personality Backbiting involves discussing other’s weaknesses in his / her absence. Quran describes it as heinous as eating the flesh of your dead brother.

• The sound of Long Fathah is like ‘AA’ as in ‘BAAN’. It is written as an Alif after the letter carrying a short Fathah e.g. ;. In the books published in India & Pakistan, it is denoted by a small vertical bar over its carrying letter as in %. While writing Arabic words in English, we will denote it by ‘AA’. • The sound of Long Kasrah is like ‘EE’ as in ‘FEET’. It is written as a silent

5 after letter carrying a

p. In the books published in India & Pakistan, it is denoted by a small vertical bar under its carrying letter as in $. While writing Arabic words in English, we will denote it by short Kasrah e.g.

|

‘EE’. • The sound of Long Dhammah is like ‘OO’ as in ‘SHOOT’, ‘UI’ as in ‘FRUIT’, ‘OO’ as in ‘BOOT’. It

is written a silent after the letter carrying short dhammah e.g. h;. In the books published in India & Pakistan, by a single inverted comma, diagonal 6-like shape written on its carrying letter as in

‘%.

While writing Arabic words in English, we will denote it by ‘OO’. • If two Alif come together, it is written as .

Rule of the Day

Face the Challenge!

The sound of long vowels is stretched double as compared to short vowels.

Try to write all three long vowels on the words. Also try alternative styles to write the long vowels.

Worth Reading Personality Development Program. A series of tools to develop your personality. http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/Personalityenglish.htm


25

Level 01

Lesson 4: Long Vowels Read the table from right-to-left. Also download the sounds and listen. The sounds are also written in English. As you have already learnt that a letter carrying a Jazm cannot be stretched, so we are not including it here. With Dhammah

With Kasrah

With Fathah

Letter

‘Uoo | |l Boo ‘% | h; ‘Too $ | h ‘Thoo # | h|E ‘Joo " | h Hoo ‘! | h

| 5w Bee % | p; Tee $ | p Thee # | pE Jee " | p Hee ! | p

| Baa % | ; Taa $ | Thaa # | E Jaa " | Haa ! |

% $ # " !

Khoo

Khee

Khaa

‘ | hD

‘Doo & | & Dhoo ‘' | |'

Eee

|

|

|

|

|

| pD

|

& | 5& Dhee ' | 5' Dee

|

|

Aaa

| D

& | & Dhaa ' | ' Daa

& '

Do you know? All languages change over a long period of time. New words and styles are added. Some old words and styles become obsolete. Common Arabic is not an exception to this rule. The distinguishing feature of Arabic is that the language of 1400 years ago is still alive. The Quran is recited everywhere. Its words are used in day-to-day conversation. Muslims have preserved the poetry and prose of the period in which the Quran was revealed in order to preserve the Quranic Arabic. Any Arab or Non-Arab having a good literary sense can become an expert in the Quranic Arabic.


26

Level 01


With Dhammah

With Kasrah

With Fathah

Letter

‘ | Zoo ‘( | ( Soo ‘) | h[ Shoo ‘* | hZ Swoo ‘+ | hY Dwoo ‘, | hX Twoo ‘- | h|W Zwoo ‘. | h|V A’oo ‘/ | hU Ghoo ‘0 | h|T Foo | ‘3 | h| Qoo ‘2 | h|S Koo ‘1 | h| Koo ‘9 | h|

| 5 Zee ( | 5( See ) | p[ Shee * | pZ Swee + | pY Dwee , | pX Twee - | pW Zwee . | pV A’ee / | pU Ghee 0 | pT Fee 3 | p Qee 2 | pS Kee 1 | p Kee 9 | p

| Zaa ( | ( Saa ) | [ Shaa * | Z Swaa + | Y Dwaa , | X Twaa - | W Zwaa . | V A’aa / | U Ghaa 0 | T Faa 3 | Qaa 2 | S Kaa 1 | Kaa 9 |

( ) * + , . / 0 3 2 1 9

Roo


Ree

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

27

Raa

Level 01


With Dhammah

Moo Noo Woo Hoo Uoo Yoo

‘8 | hn ‘7 | h ‘ | ‘4 | hm ‘6 | 6 ‘: | hk

With Kasrah

Mee

8 | pn 7 | p | 5 4 | pm 6 | 56 : | pk |

Nee

|

Wee

|

Hee

|

Aee

|

Yee

|

With Fathah

Letter

8 | n Naa 7 | Waa | Haa 4 | m Aaa 6 | 6 Yaa : | k

8 7 4 6 :

Maa


Word

Word

s n : 3 kw r; & & u U [w

s n | s n l : | :l ] r ; & ‘& u M[ w |

|


28

Level 01



Word

Word

t ? Q v ' 9 S & h M S| [ _ | m Z ;U & h g Z & & & h M Y

Q ;n v ' u|S M S Q _ | K g Z @U gn ; @D h [ 29

Level 01

Lesson 5: Two Special Sounds Dear Reader! In previous lessons, you have learnt the use of short and long vowels. Long vowels were three i.e. : two letters

:

. The

are used in another special form of

Build Your Personality Being envious or jealous kills a person. An envious person does not harm anyone except him.

vowels. If the letter before either of these two letters, carries a fathah, a special sound is generated. • The sound of coming after a letter carrying fathah is like ‘OU’ as in ‘SOUND’, ‘OW’ as in ‘BOWL’, ‘OU’ as in ‘SCOUT’. On the contrary, if the letter before

carries a dhammah, it

becomes a long vowel producing a sound like ‘OO’ as in ‘FOOT’, ‘OO’ as in ‘SHOOT’. While writing Arabic words in English, we will denote it by ‘AU’. • The sound of : coming after a letter carrying fathah is like ‘I’ as in ‘SITE’, ‘IE’ as in ‘DIET’, ‘I’ in ‘GRIND’. On the contrary, if the letter before

: carries a kasrah, it becomes a long

vowel producing a sound like ‘EE’ as in ‘FEET’, ‘EE’ as in ‘SHEET’. While writing Arabic words in English, we will denote it by ‘AE’. Rule of the Day Face the Challenge!

Sometimes, native people do not follow rule. It is called ‘Shaz’ or ‘Exception’. In Arabic, it is very rare. A rule has only one or two exceptions whereas in English, number of exceptions is too high.

Try to use these two letters by placing different letters carrying a fathah on them.

Do you know? The language to read the Quran is standard around the globe. Arabs in different regions speak Arabic in different ways. They have different pronunciation, different vocabulary, different styles etc. But while reciting the Quran, all of them read it in a standard way. Muslims from other countries also learn the standard accent to recite the Quran in the standard accent.


30

Level 01

Lesson 5: Two Special Sounds Read the table from right-to-left. Also download the sounds and listen. The sounds are also written in English.

With :

With

5l Bae p; Tae p Thae pE Jae p Hae p

l Bau h; Tau h Thau hE Jau h Hau h

Khae

Khau

Aae

Aau

pD

5& Dhae 5' Rae 5 Zae 5( Sae p[ Shae pZ Swae pY

& Dhau ' Rau Zau ( Sau h[ Shau hZ Swau hY

Dae


hD

Dau

31

Letter

% $ # " ! & ' ( ) * + Level 01


With :

With

pX pW pV pU pT

p

hX hW hV hU hT

h

pS

p

p pn p 5 pm 56 pk

h

h hn h hm 6 hk


hS

32

Letter

, . / 0 3 2

1 9 8 7 4 6 : Level 01



Word

Word

/ hXhn 8 hk c kS| x| & 6hn 7 h?k( gY U d u| k 8 hS

s kl D k 3 hD W U 9| hS ] ! h

Worth Reading Treasure’s Map: A treasure is available to all of us and we are in search of it. How to find it. Read this article at http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE01-0005-Treasure.htm


33

Level 01

Lesson 6: The Sound of ‘N’ (Tanween) & Some Special Characters Dear Reader! In this lesson, we will introduce a special sound. By default, Arabic Nouns end at a sound of ‘N’ or

7

7. This

is not written. It is denoted by double fathah bars,

double kasrah bars and double dhammah. • Double Fathah

Build Your Personality Focusing on minor religious issues and ignoring major religious commandments is an unbalanced attitude which must be avoided.

produces a sound like ‘NE’ as in ‘DONE’, ‘UN’ as in ‘SHUN’, ‘ON’ as in ‘TON’.

While writing Arabic words in English, we will denote it by ‘EN’. An Alif is added after double fathah. • Double Kasrah

produces a sound like ‘IN’ as in ‘BIN’, ‘IN’ as in ‘TIN’. While writing Arabic words

in English, we will denote it by ‘IN’. • Double Dhamma

‘’

or

produces a sound like ‘UN’. While writing Arabic words in English, we

will denote it by ‘UN’.

Face the Challenge!

Some Special Characters

Try to use three forms of tanween by placing it at three or four letters.

Arabic also has some letters which are as follows:

• z | y: It sounds like 6. There is a small shock in the voice • : It sounds like double alif i.e. ‘Aaa’. ~ is called “Maddah”. When it is carried by any letter, its sounds is long. If there is a 6 or a silent letter after it, the sound becomes very long e.g. five times long. • x: is

in a round format. Its sound is like

$ but if it is silent, it sounds like 4.

• and 6 have the same sound. In Arabic, an Alif is always considered silent. It is not possible to have any movement on it. If there is a movement on an Alif, it is not a real Alif, it is a Hamzah. In the books

l

published in Arab countries, a Hamzah with fathah or dhammah is sometines written as and that with

w

kasrah is written as . If there is a tanween before Alif, the Alif will be silent. If a Silent Alif is at the beginning of the first word of a sentence, it will give sound, otherwise it will be silent and the last letter of its previous word will be directly joined with the letter coming after it. It is called a “Hamzah Wasli”

piY xRm.

• 5 | :: Sometimes, a : without two dots is written at end of a word but it is silent. It sounds like an Alif. The 5 with two dots is read as normal. For example, oiU will be pronounced as “A’la” while piU will be pronounced as “A’li”. Quranic Arabic Program

34

Level 01

Lesson 6: The Sound of ‘N’ (Tanween) & Some Special Characters Read the table from right-to-left. Also download the sounds and listen. The sounds are also written in English.

With Dhammah

With Kasrah

With Fathah

Letter

Bun % Tun $ Thun # Jun " Hun !

Bin % Tin $ Thin # Jin " Hin !

Ben ; Ten Then E Jen Hen

% $ # " !

Khun

Khin

Khen

Un

& Dhun ' Run Zun ( Sun ) Shun * Swun + Dun


In

& Dhin ' Rin Zin ( Sin ) Shin * Swin + Din

35

En

D

& Dhen ' Ren Zen ( Sen [ Shen Z Swen Y Den

& ' ( ) * + Level 01


With Dhammah

, Twun Zwun . U’n / Ghun 0 Fun 3

Dwun

Qun

2

1 Lun 9 Mun 8 Nun 7 Wun Hun 4 Un 6 Yun 5 Kun


With Kasrah

, Twin Zwin . I’n / Ghin 0 Fin 3

Dwin

Qin

2

With Fathah

Letter

X Twen W Zwen V E’n U Ghen T Fen

, . / 0 3

Dwen

Qen

1 Lin 9 Min 8 Nin 7 Win Hin 4 In 6 Yin 5

S

Len Men n Nen Wen Hen m En 6 Yen k

Kin

Ken

36

2

1 9 8 7 4 6 5 Level 01


Test Yourself Now solve the following exercise. The table is from right-to-left. Some vowels may not be displayed by the computer. Use your judgment at such occasions. Read the following words. Each word contains one mark. After doing the exercise, check the answers by listening and calculate your score. If your score is less than 80%, do the exercise again.

: is like Alif

Word

Word

‫ ة‬K [ K Y Y \ @W J @W hW| d @U 9 U \i U U @ U

; D 7 ' n l u ; ‫; ة‬ u M \ i D ~ '

Rule of the Day Majority of Arabic nouns have a tanween by default.


37

Level 01


: is silent

: is like Alif

Word

Word

\ [ S m ‫ ة‬R m m s n ] s k |r;

x @T ‫? ة‬S u ?S S y S| t Q S @~ ?~| Q ~ K ~ h K| ~| @| ‫ ة‬R |

is silent is silent

Do you know? The Quran is the only book in the world which is memorized by millions of people. Almost every Muslim memorizes some parts of the Quran to recite it in his / her prayer. There are people who memorize the complete Quran. They are called Haafizw _. Quranic Arabic Program

38

Level 01



Word

Word

r 9 S 9 h S 7 ] !h d n 3 h D 6 n u k 8 h k ‘4k

6 q D &‘& k h X 9 v i n q Z oLW hL W W & U 39

Level 01

Lesson 6: The Sound of ‘N’ (Tanween) & Some Special Characters Letter Used

Word

Letter Used

t i[ &Z ;Z ;hY 8 MW ;U 6 OU 6 T| ;? n [@ Q ;n U?n Quranic Arabic Program

Word

\& m Z ;U U \ [ T Y 'hU l l 3 k 4 k 9| Jk ; ;Q 40

Level 01


Word

Letter Used

k S tk n ` n t M ?k Q k v ' c kS| P U x&‘6hn UhXhn r k(hn fn hk Quranic Arabic Program

Word

'Kn gn @ h @E| 9 h[ & hgZ & hMS| 4 h t El t l ; @D \ 41

Level 01


Word

Letter Used

o t w t ?@ w l D @Y }Y Q k @i T| d M Q U % P k \ m I O P | 7 h|iD k Quranic Arabic Program

Word

M; c O; oM[ I | I Q 7 |S &; k n w ;w n O S [WS & Yn 42

Level 01


Word

Letter Used

x @T Q n 6 @i| T| [ _ /On ZMn I l m w 7 h Y $ Mn p Lk hL Quranic Arabic Program

Word

@S g [ oiU s U @[ [ gZ t NU S s n S @ S 43

Level 01


An exception, “Majreyha”


Word

Letter Used

Word

KO s O[ I T 7 h 7 hJQk 7 h|iM K 7 h|j k l xY en I MO?[w

v Qn OP dK MJ Qk oJ; 7 U PU :gk

m n

\iU

$ M n U J 6

3 D a J l y @k

|

44

Level 01

Lesson 7: Double Letters (Tashdeed) Dear Reader!


Sometimes, a letter comes twice in a word. In Arabic

Ostentation is doing some good deeds with an intention to show others. The good deeds with ostentation are not acceptable by God.

script, instead of writing that letter twice, it is written once

¡

and a symbol “Tashdeed”.

is placed over the letter. It is called

These letters are pronounced by pressing

your voice.

Face the Challenge!

Some Rules about Tashdeed

Try to combine fathah, kasrah & dhammah with tasheed.

Arabic also has some letters which are as follows: •

The sound of Meem

8 and Noon 7 is produced from inner part of your nose, if they carry a

tashdeed. •

The sound of Ra

and Laam 9 is produced with full mouth, if it carries a tashdeed with

fathah or dhammah. •

Sometimes, two letters alif and laam

9

are added before a word. If there is a tashdeed on a

9, then the 9 is ignored and sound is directly attached to the next letter. It is in case of 14 alphabets. They are called “Huroof Shamsi”. For example, d ¢P will be pronounced as d P Z . letter after

•

In case of other 14 alphabets, is clearly pronounced. They are called “Huroof Qamari”. For example,

J will be pronounced without any merger as J . The detail of these letters is

as follows:

9 . - , + * ) ( ' & " # $ 5 6 4 7 8 1 2 3 0 / ! %

Shamsi Qamari

Do you know? The Quran is neither poetry nor prose. It has its own style. Quranic recitation is a separate art. It generates excellent acoustics. Some people make it as their full time career. Many people listen Quranic Recitation instead of listening music. These reciters are called “Qaaree”.


45

Level 01

Lesson 7: Double Letters (Tashdeed) Read the table from right-to-left. Also download the sounds and listen. The sounds are also

l

written in English. We are adding a in the beginning to produce tashdeed.

With Dhammah

With Kasrah

With Fathah

No tasheed

No tasheed

No tasheed

¡% l Attu ¡ $ l Aththu ¡ # | l Ajju ¡ " l Ahhu ¡ ! l

£%l Atti £$l Aththi ¥#l Ajji £"l Ahhi £!l

¢%l Atta ¢$l Aththa ¤#l Ajja ¢"l Ahha ¢!l

Akhkhu

Akhkhi

Akhkha

Abbu

¡ l

¡ & l Adhdhu ¡ 'l Arru ¡ l Azzu ¡ ( l Assu ¡ ) l Ashshu ¡ * l Aswswu ¡ + l Addu


Abbi

£l

£&l Adhdhii ¥'l Arri £l Azzi £(l Assi £)l Ashshi £*l Aswswi £+l Addi

46

Abba

¢l

¢&l Adhdha ¤'l Arra ¢l Azza ¢(l Assa ¢)l Ashsha ¢*l Aswswa ¢+l Adda

Letter

% $ # " ! & ' ( ) * + Level 01


With Dhammah

,l Atwtwu ¦-l Azwzwu ¦.l A’’u /l Aghghu ¦0l Affu 3l

Adwdwu

Aqqu

2l

1l Allu ¦9l Ammu 8l Annu ¦7l Awwu l Ahhu 4l Aaau ¡6l Ayyu 5l Akku


With Kasrah

£,l Atwtwi ¥ -l Azwzwi ¥ .l A’’i £/l Aghghi ¥ 0l Affi £3l

Adwdwi

Aqqi

£2l

£1l Alli ¥9l Ammi £8l Anni ¥7l Awwi £l Ahhi £4l Aaei ¥6l Ayyi £5l Akki

47

With Fathah

Letter

¢,l Atwtwa ¤ -l Azwzwa ¤ .l A’’a ¢/l Aghgha ¤ 0l Affa ¢3l

, . / 0 3

Adwdwa

Aqqa

¢2l

¢1l Alla ¤9l Amma ¢8l Anna ¤7l Awwa ¢l Ahha ¢4l Aaaa ¤6l Ayya ¢5l Akka

2

1 9 8 7 4 6 5 Level 01


Test Yourself Now solve the following exercise. The table is from right-to-left. Some vowels may not be displayed by the computer. Use your judgment at such occasions. Read the following words. Each word contains one mark. After doing the exercise, check the answers by listening and calculate your score. If your score is less than 80%, do the exercise again. Word

Word

x ¢hS| x¢ $ £M[ I n ¢S I ;¤ I £( $ £[ $ £| $ £ [ I i ¥OU $ £h|

( £; u £ 2 ¢Y & ¢U ¢S % ¤ t ¢M §sN| k §a k ¢ ¢tE|

Rule of the Day: Note that in case of tashdeed with fathah, both are written above the letter but fathah is above tashdeed. In case of tashdeed with kasrah, both are written above the letter but kasrah is under the tashdeed. In the Arabic books published in India & Pakistan, the kasrah is written below the letter.


48

Level 01

Lesson 7: Double Letters (Tashdeed) Word

Word

7 h ¡i| k p@ U o¤h ;¢h ¢E S¢QT K n ¦9' l ¢?M n x & ¢ n ¢? $ OP¢

¢sg k kl ¢sg i U t m £Q £ @ £ S £PU ¥ n 7 ¢kl 1 £kw o¤i 5 £kw n ¢j n ¢ n

Do you know? Like English, Arabic is also written in many fonts. In some fonts, tashdeed with kasrah is written in a style that the tashdeed is above the letter whereas kasrah is under the letter. In Times New Roman, tashdeed and kasrah both are written above the letter.


49

Level 01



Word

Word

d ¢P ¦uO ¢H© 5 n [ ¢pD ; s £? u £[ s £[ £t ¤7w ¢ ¨ £ I ¤JP w $ UR t ¢

$ ;Q $ J;¢Q $ ¢; n p U l6 p;U u¢gn d¢ ª | d¢ j| -£ I £@ IOl o¢Q n s 6 ¢Q G @ § 50

Level 01


Word

Word

S ¤ £Z ) ¢ ª :¦¢Rk ¤¤k ¥E¢n u| £n¢Rn o h § l 7 h §X $ ¥Y n ¢D¢

$ E¦K¢ 9| ¢M ¦X ¢;& v ¢ 1 h§ 7 h « s ¥ 7 h § ¥iU ¤7l s k¤ ¤w

Rule of the Day If there is a tashdeed after the long alif


, its sound becomes 5 times longer. 51

Level 01

Lesson 8: Read Sentences Dear Reader! Congratulations! Now you can read most of the words used in


Quranic Arabic. It is the time to start reading sentences. Like all

Inheritance Law is defined by the Quran. Those who do not give the women their share trespass the limits imposed by Allah.

other languages, Arabic sentence is a combination of words. Each word in a sentence is pronounced as it were single. But unlike other languages, there are some rules in Arabic to join words with each other. It is not in case of all words.

Rules about Joining Words •

Sometimes, two letters alif and laam

9

are added before a word. If that word is the first word in a

sentence, we will assume that there is a fathah on . For example,

G?K

will be read as Al-Fath. Alif is

considered silent in all cases. If it is appearing at start of a sentence, some movement is used over it, otherwise it is always silent. If an Alif carries a movement, it is considered a Hamzah. It is written l in

case of a fathah or a dhammah. In case of a kasrah, it is writtten as w. •

If a word with

9

directly joined with

is in middle or end of a sentence,

will be ignored and the previous word will be

9. For example G?K s n will be read as Minal-Fath.

•

Two silent words cannot be read. In that case, the first one will be given a movement.

•

If there is a silent

7 or tanween at the end of a word, in some cases, it will be merged with the first letter

of next word. The rules are as follows: •

If the first letter of next word after a silent

7 is one of these four letters 7 9 8 : the

7 will be merged in them with a sound produced by inner part of your nose. See the examples: I Jk s n (Main-Yaqnut not Man Yaqnut), n s n (Mimmaa not Min Maa), s n (Miun Waladin not Min Waladin), ¬KO s n (Minnutfatin not Min Nutfatin). v ¬£; s ¬n (Mirrabbika not Min Rabbika), v s n (Milladunka not Min Ladunka). For memorizing, you silent

can call them 7hink •

3.

If the first letter of next word after a silent


7 is any other letter, the silent 7 will not be merged.

52

Level 01


Rules about Joining Words •

9 at the start of the next word, it will be read as in the example: :¤ x R | (Lumazati Nillazi not Lumazatin Allazi), o| & U (A’ada Nilaulaa not A’aadan Alaulaa). In the Arabic books published in India & Pakistan, usually a small 7 is place between such words to denote this change. So the words are written as :¤ 7 x R | , o| 7 & U while it is

If there is a tanveen at the end of a word and there is an

not placed in case of books published in the Arab countries. •

If there is tanveen or a silent

8

7

at the end of a word and there is a

% at the start of the next word, the 7

M ; s n will be read as Mim Ba’di not Min Ba’di. The last letter of the last word of a sentence will be silent. If there is an 5 just before the last letter of the last word, the sound 5 of will be very long. For instance 7 will be Al-Rahmaaaaan, 7 h|i Mk will be Ya’maloooooon, s M will be Al-A’alameeeeen. In this case, the last letter is made will be converted into . For example

•

silent. •

: (without dots) placed at the end of a word. It is read as . If the word is joined with some other word, it is written as e.g. 4 X oX 4 M n o M etc. It is called “Alif Maqsoorah”. There is a

Listen and Practice! Now listen the following passages of the Holy Quran again and again while keeping the written text in front of you and observe the rules mentioned above. After listening, recite yourself. Try to memorize these passages.

K xh[ t ¢ sO ¢P s n ; 'hUl t ¢ s ¢ tQ; (3) s k£ 8 h k v n (2) t ¢ s ¢ (1) M £% r ¤i s k¤ Y (5) t J?Q £ m (4) M ?Q 1 ¢kw @M 1 ¢kw (7) ¥¢ t g i U % hL T (6) t g i U I M l Quranic Arabic Program

53

Level 01


o xh[ t ¢ s ¢ tQ; (3) oiS n v §; v U ¢& n (2) o[ 'w u ¤i (1) o§ t l (5) oX ? v §; v OM k 3 h Q (4) o² s n v D x| D ³ o T B U 1 (7) :g ·X 1 (6) : ?k 1 k M ; ¢nl (10) g u ¢Q ¢nl (9) g J t ? ¢nB (8) (11) # £ v £;

!P xh[ t ¢ s ¢ tQ; 1 g V a J l 5¤ (2) 1 ( v U M X (1) 1 Y v ! P t l Qk Q M n ¤7w (5) Qk Q M n ¤7C (4) 1 ' v M (3) (8) T v £; ow (7) I T 'C (6)

Worth Reading How to get rid of Poverty? Read this article at http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0004-Poverty.htm


54

Level 01


? xh[ t ¢ s ¢ tQ; J i D J (3) n ² i @ m (2) [ h|W (1) 7 h?k¢R £? s k¤ ¤w (5) i [ u K [ l 4 & & ¢tE| (4) h J s Q l p 7 Q» M ; v ;¥j k (6) 7 h n T l t g i $ ¢ h|i U h n (8) t j B; r ¤i d l (7) s k£;

\iM xh[ t ¢ s ¢ tQ; v §; l S (2) \ i U s n 7 Q» \ i D (1) \ i D 5¤ v £; t [ ; l S ¤7w ¤ (5) t i M k t n 7 Q» t ¤iU (4) t i J ; t ¤iU 5¤ (3) 8 ² (8) oM § v £; ow ¤7w (7) o L ?[ 4 7 l (6) oLO 7 Q» :g oiU 7 7 w I kl l (10) o¤iY 'w @U (9) og k 5¤ I kl l ¤7B; t i M k t l (13) o¤h % ¤ 7 w I kl l (12) :hJ ¢?; n l l (11) ;' Y (15) Y ¢ ; K Q r ? k t s f ¤ (14) :k r ¤i r M O ¤ (18) ;¢R / [ (17) rk& / i (16) fW D (19) % ?S [


55

Level 01


J xh[ t ¢ s ¢ tQ; J | i (2) J | i n 1 & l n (1) J i p 4 R l ¢w ¥u| s n t g £; 7 ' C; g ! § | j 9| ¢R (3) g Z ] l s n D (5) K i O n o¢? p m 8 [ (4) n l

@ xh[ t ¢ s ¢ tQ; t g B o¢? ¥jK n P % ?j u m l s n K s k¤ s j| k t (3) £ S ?| g (2) x ¢gO n KY h|i? k r ¤i s n 9 h[ (1) | £ @ n (4) | £ @ t g 6 n M ; s n ¤w % ?j h|l s k¤ 2 ¢K n he k x ¢ h Jk 6 K s k£ r i n r ¤i @M ¤w n l| % ?j u m l s n K s k¤ ¤7w (5) £ J s k& v ' x ¢R ¤7w (6) ¢k @ §Z t m v f l| g s kD t ¢ g p P U t m z R (7) ¢k @ D t m v f l| $ ¢ h|i U h n s k¤ r ¤i p X ;l g s kD g² g? s n 5 7 U $ ¢ t g £; (8) r ¢; p P D s v ' r U hX t g U


56

Level 01


RR xh[ t ¢ s ¢ tQ; 9 S (2) gJEl , ² I D l (1) gR( , ² I R ( 'w (5) g o l v ¢; ¤7B; (4) m @D l # | £ fn h k (3) g n 7| Q» D x ¢' 9 J n u M k s (6) t g U l ?Z l ) ¢ k fn h k (8) 4k Z x ¢' 9 J n u M k s n (7) 4k

$k&M xh[ t ¢ s ¢ tQ; (3) @Y $ L (2) S $ k h (1) @X $ k& M (6) & h j r £; 7 Q» ¤7w (5) M r ; s O [ h (4) MJ r ; 7 EB 'w t i M k l (8) kP £ r ¢w (7) gP v ' oiU r ¢w fn h k t g ; t g ¢; ¤7w (10) § p n u £ (9) h@J| p n M ; (11) @


57

Level 01


UJ xh[ t ¢ s ¢ tQ; ) ¢ 7| h|jk 8 h k (3) | U J n 1 & l n (2) | U J n (1) | U J I i J| E s n ¢nB (5) * h|K s g M 9| @ 7| h|j (4) # h|@ * K k m r §nB| (8) r k(hn I ¤KD s n ¢nl (7) X P U p h g (6) r k(hn (11) n (10) r m n 1 & l n (9)

Ej? xh[ t ¢ s ¢ tQ; ¤ ¢tE| (3) 7 hi M 3 h [ ¤ (2) ;J t ( o¢? (1) E|j¢? t | gl ¢tE| (6) t 7 ? (5) J t i U 7 hi M h ¤ (4) 7 hi M 3 h [ (8) t M¢ s U fn h k ¢s|BQ ? ¢tE| (7) J s U g ? Do you know? There are some differences in the Arabic Scripts used in the Indian Sub-Continent (South Asia) and that used in the Arab Countries (Middle East). Some of them are as follows:

w l” while that in South Asia is written as “ ”. For example, in the Middle Eastern script 7 Qw u| M l while in the South Asian script, it will be 7 Q u| M .

• In the Middle East, the Hamzah with Fathah or Kasrah is written as “

• In South Asia, straight fatha & kasrah and reversed dhamma is used while in the Middle East, it is

& & u M[ t m; are written in this format while in the Middle East, they are written as & & u U[w t m ;w. not used. For example, in South Asia, words

• The symbol of silence in the South Asia is


”. while that in the Arab Countries is “% 58

Level 01


M xh[ t ¢ s ¢ tQ; h|i U h n s k¤ ¤w (2) Q D pK 7 Q» ¤7w (1) M (3) @ ¢; hY h £\ ; hY h $ ¢

xR¾ xh[ t ¢ s ¢ tQ; r n ¤7l Q k (2) 4 & ¢U n 5¤ (1) x R | x R m ¥uj| u k (5) | O n 1 & l n (4) O p ¤7 @ ¤ (3) 4 i D l (8) x Y hn t g i U g¢w (7) x f ² oiU i ¤O p?¤ (6) x| S h r ¤i (9) x & ¢ n U p

u K xh[ t ¢ s ¢ tQ; p t m u M k t l (1) u K % Y B; v §; u M ] : t l u £[ s n x ; t g n (3) u ;;l W t g i U u [ l (2) u i (5) 9 h|B n ] M t g i M (4) Quranic Arabic Program

59

Level 01


ckS xh[ t ¢ s ¢ tQ; ¢% @M i (2) ] ¢ 6 ?£P i t g kw (1) c k S| 3 k» (4) 3 h D s n t g n / h s n t g M W l 5¤ (3) I @ m

7hU xh[ t ¢ s ¢ tQ; §a k (2) t ? §/ k 5¤ v (1) s k£; % ¥j k 5¤ I kl l t g Y s U t m s k¤ (4) ¥i i u kh (3) j Q 8 MW oiU (7) 7 hU 7 hM k (6) 7 6k t m s k¤ (5) 7 hm[

Ehj xh[ t ¢ s ¢ tQ; ?;² h m v fZ ¤7w (2) v £; ¥u (1) Eh j 1 O U l ¢w (3) Quranic Arabic Program

60

Level 01


7j xh[ t ¢ s ¢ tQ; n 7 ;U t ?l (2) 7 @M n @U l (1) 7 j g§kl k u S| t j| (5) @U l n 7 ;U t ?l (4) t §@U n ;U l (3) @U l (6) s k& p t j| k&

xh[ t ¢ s ¢ tQ; h l r ¤i s k& p 7 h|iD k ) ¢ I kl (1) G ? K r ¤i 6 'w (3) ;¢h 7 r ¢w 4 K L ?[ v £; ; G £@Q (2)

¾ xh[ t ¢ s ¢ tQ; oi [ (2) Q n r |n r U o T l n (1) ¢ g p;l k I ¢@ s n u @ m p (4) O ¢ r l n (3) g $ ' (5) Q n Quranic Arabic Program

61

Level 01


+D» xh[ t ¢ s ¢ tQ; r s j| k t (3) hk t i k t (2) ¢ r ¤i (1) l r ¤i h m u S| (4) l h|K|

\iK xh[ t ¢ s ¢ tQ; S 'w \ [ T £Z s n (2) \ i D n £Z s n (1) \ i K £% ; '| hUl u S| (5) Q 'w [ £Z s n (4) J M p $ E¤K¢ £Z s n (3)

) xh[ t ¢ s ¢ tQ; £Z s n (3) ) ¢ r w (2) ) ¢ v i n (1) ) ¢ £% ; '| hUl u S| ¢ s n (5) ) ¢ Y p ) h [ h k 5¤ (4) ) ¢ ) h[ h (6) ) ¢ Quranic Arabic Program

62

Level 01

Lesson 9: Start Writing Arabic Dear Reader!


Congratulations! Now you can read many sentences of

The Quran asks us to be just and fair in our dealings. While dealing with other people, always ask yourself whether you have dealt fairly and justly?

Arabic language. This is the time to start writing in Arabic language. The Microsoft Arabic Keyboard is as follows:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 À =

<-

, + # 2 3 0 /

\

* ) 5 % 9 y

6

z

:

'

4

! "

&

$ 7

8

1 - Enter

x

(

.

(

)

_ +

Shift

Space With Shift

! @ # $ % ^ & *

•

<-

»

w

‘

÷ ×

Ð

> < |

[

]

²

l

¬

/

:

”

~

{

}

Ä

’

,

.

È

¡

Keep your left-hand fingers at *

Enter Shift

Space ) 5 %. Also type 9 with your pointing finger. $ 7 8 1. Use your pointing finger to type . Type - with

•

Keep your right-hand fingers at your little finger.

•

Now start your typing with the middle line.

•

Keep your fingers at the middle line and try to type the upper line.

•

Keep your fingers at the middle line and try to type the lower line.

•

Once your fingers are familiar with each letter, start typing the letters in an alphabetical order.

•

Start typing different Arabic words used in this book and then start typing passages.


63

Level 01

Lesson 10: Practice Yourself Dear Reader!


This is the last lesson regarding reading the Arabic script. After that, you will start learning the Arabic language. To

Try to develop the love of Allah. Think about His blessings e.g. air, water, eyes, hands etc. and be thankful to Him.

improve your Arabic reading skills, do the following: •

Download the Holy Quran.

•

Download the complete recitation of the Holy Quran along with English Translation. Recitations of many reciters are available on the internet. Simply search ‘Quran Recitation with English’ on any search engine and you will find many recitations. You can select the recitation of your favorite Qaaree.

•

Daily listen a passage of the Holy Quran along with reading the text. After that, recite it yourself. Then listen again that passage. It will rectify your mistakes and improve your reading skills. Do you know? The art of reciting the Holy Quran is called x l S . Reciting it according to the defined rules in correct pronunciation is called

kh .

This

course provides you only the fundamentals of Tajweed. If you want to learn more, listen more and more recitation and join a class conducted by an expert Qaaree.

Rule of the Day The Quran was not revealed with an objective of reciting without understanding. It is obligatory on the Muslims to understand the Quran which is the last version of the Guidance provided to us by the Almighty Allah. Continue to next levels of this course to learn the Quranic Language.

Do you know? Quranic Translation is a human work which may be subject to the element of human error. Learn the Quranic Arabic yourself so that you can differentiate between the right and the wrong translations of the Holy Quran.


64

Level 01

Level 01

Level 1: Learn the Basic Arabic Language

At end of this level, you will be able to understand the religious Arabic used in the routine life.


65

Level 01

Lesson 1A: Parts of Speech Dear Reader! All languages have certain rules. Languages are developed by its native people. Based on their speech, experts of grammar derive the language rules. Language always precede the rules. It never happened that a nation decided its rules first and then developed a language.

Build Your Personality Love the creatures of Allah because Allah also loves His creatures. Do not tease any human being or a living organism.

Arabic is not an exception. Arabic has well-defined rules which are applied consistently to all of its words and sentences. As you will see in next levels that these rules are so established that a spread sheet program can automatically derive hundreds of word from a single word. Al-Hamdulillah you are now able to read the Arabic sentences. From this part, we are starting the Arabic language. We shall work in two dimensions i.e. the Grammar and the Language. We shall discuss the grammar in the A series. The language will be discussed in the B Series. This is a modern technique of learning the Arabic language. The exercises are designed in a manner that you will automatically learn the language by solving these exercises. This lesson belongs to the A Series, therefore, we are starting with the fundamentals of Arabic Grammar.

Sarf & Nahv (hÜ 3Y) Arabic grammar is divided into two parts i.e. 3Y and hÜ. Sarf contains the rules for deriving words from a single source word whereas Nahv consists of the rules for structuring sentences. The concepts from both areas are arranged in an easy-to-complex sequence. Our study methodology is ‘learn through practice’. We do not insist on memorizing the rules. We focus on practicing the rules which automatically results in learning the rules.

Arabic Parts of Speech In Arabic, a word is called _K or nouns, verbs and other words.

i which can be classified under three basic parts of speech i.e.

• Noun (t[): Noun is the name of a person, thing, city, etc. For example %U n Ýl

7O Z 9 t 7Ý vkZ Ý %? etc. • Verb (uM): Verb describes an act of doing something. For example oiY (He ate), %Z (He drank) etc.

(blessing be upon),

• Other Words (3): These words join nouns and verbs. For example % (with), (from), (except) etc. Instead of using English terms, we will use the Arabic terms i.e. terms.

3 uM t[

ul

9 (for), sn

to describe these

We are providing a diagram depicting different types of these parts of speech. Next lessons will be based on this classification.


66

Level 01


i &U

9hYhn

xZw

X

Special Nouns

¢en

¤ n

Classification 1

Classification 2

xj

Mn

Classification 3

n

\?Pn

Classification 4

u K

9hMKn

uU

Classification 5

L@n

3V

3 n

%Mn

p @ n

IKY

3 n T

t[

Classification 6

uM kRn pU;

&¢n pU;

kRn pE|E

&¢n pE|E

Classification 1

og

nl

/ n

pXn

Classification 2

9hg n

8h|iM n

Classification 3

]Un

(hgn

G Y

Classification 4

] K

bS

3h l

Others

]OU

9n


67

3 Level 01

Lesson 1A: Parts of Speech Our Course Plan to discuss the parts of speech is mentioned here. The sequence of our next lessons is from easy to difficult. Level & Lesson No. is written on the right side. Face the Challenge! Compare Arabic parts of speech with English parts of speech.

¤ n

t[

Level 01 / 2A

p @ n

%Mn

t[

Level 01 / 3A

t[

Level 01 / 4A

&U

From Easy to Difficult

Others

Level 01 / 5A

X

t[

xj

Mn

t[

]OU

3

n

\?Pn

t[

Level 03 / 1A

9hYhn

Rule of the Day All languages consist of nouns, verbs and huroof.

¢en

xZw

Level 02 / 3A – 8A

Level 02 / 1A

Level 02 / 9A – 14A

kRn pU;

&¢n pU;

kRn pE|E

&¢n pE|E

uM

Level 03 / 2A

og

nl

/ n

pXn

uM

Level 03 / 3A – 10A

9hg n

8h|iM n

uM

u K

9hMKn

uU

t[

Level 03 / 11A – 12A

L@n

3V

]Un

(hgn

G Y

uM

Level 04 / 6A – 12A

] K

bS

3h l

IKY 9n


68

Level 04 / 1A – 5A Level 03 / 3A – 10A Level 04 / 1A – 5A

Level 01


Test Yourself Read each word in the following table and classify them to vocabulary table.

Category

Word

3 uM t[. Freely consult the

Category

Word

9 (I seek refuge)

'hUl

(with)

%

(from)

s n

(Satan)

sO ¢P

(Damned)

t ¢

(Eternally Merciful)

7 @ [

(Exalted)

9

(The)

(Praise)

(for)

9

s ¢

(god)

r

t ¢

(except)

¤w

l

(and)

¢

(on, upon) (Progeny, followers)

oiU 9 oiU


@ l

(No)

(One)

(Self-Sufficient)

(Great)

t[

(Name) (Beneficent)

69

¢ n (Prophet)

9| h [ ¢

(associate)

v k Z

(your, you) (O Allah!) (Bless!)

1

¢tg ¦i ¥uY Level 01

Lesson 1B: Basic Hymns Dear Reader! In B Series, we shall provide you a series of Arabic sentences. You have to translate them into English. Vocabulary sheet is provided below. Arabic sentences are provided on the next pages. Rule of the Day

Build Your Personality Suspicion is forbidden by the Almighty Allah. It develops a negative personality. Avoid suspicion.

In almost all languages, each non-living item is considered either male or female.

Explanation

Word

Allah, the Arabic name of God The greatest, the biggest, the magnificent Free from immorality and all types of physical and moral filths These two letters are added to a noun at the beginning in order to specify it. It is a synonym of English word ‘THE’

9 means ‘the’ and Ý means praise and thanks. Meanings of this phrase are ‘the praise’. These are also two words. 9 means ‘for’ and is the Arabic name of God. Meanings of this phrase are ‘for Allah’. No, not A god, a superior being Except Muhammad, the last Prophet of God. ti[ ‫ﮦ‬9 ‫ﮦ‬ÞiU ‫ﮦ‬u ÞiY


70

@ l 7 @ [ 9 Ý 9 © 9 r ¤w ¢ n Level 01


Explanation

Word

9| h [ ¢ v k Z

Prophet, Messenger Partner, an equivalent entity These are two words. As discussed above 9 means ‘for and

1 means you. Overall meanings ‘for you’. I seek refuge, I seek protection

These are two words. % means ‘with’ or ‘from’. Overall meaning ‘from God’.

1 9 v 'hUl % ; s n

From Two words i.e. 9 as discussed ‘the’ and 7O Z means ‘Satan’. Overall meaning ‘The Satan’. The entity who spreads evil. Two words i.e. 9 means ‘the’ and t means ‘rejected one’. Overall meaning ‘the rejected one’. Two words i.e. % means ‘with’ or ‘from’, t[ means ‘name’. Overall meaning ‘with name’ or ‘in the name’. Two words i.e. 9 and 7Ý. Rahmaan is a name of God which means ‘beneficent, gracious, kind, loving, caring’. Two words ie. 9 and t . Raheem is another name of God which means ‘eternally merciful’.

sO ¢P

t ¢ 9 t ¢ t[ % tQ ; s ¢ 9

s ¢

t ¢ 9 t ¢

l

One

Face the Challenge!

Do you know?

What is the use of 9 in Arabic?


sO ¢Z 9

Quran is not only the Book of Guidance. It is also the benchmark for the Arabic language.

71

Level 01


Explanation

Word

¢Y 9 ¢

And Again two words. 9 you already know. Y means an entity who is eternally independent from everything.

¢tg ¦i ¥uY oiU 9

O Allah!, O God! Bestow your blessings On The progeny, this word is also used for the followers. These are three words. % means ‘with’ or ‘from’. Ý means

4

‘praise’ and stands for ‘his’. Overall meaning, ‘with His praise’.

4 % |4 ;

|

o¤iY

Shower blessings, bestow Two words. oiU means ‘on’ and 4 means ‘him’. Overall meaning ‘on him’. This word is used for both ‘his’ and ‘him’. Two words, 9 means progeny, children. It also includes the followers. 4 means ‘his’. Overall meaning ‘his progeny’.

4 oiU r i U 4 9 r

Salute, peace be upon him.

t ¤i[

Face the Challenge!

Rule of the Day: : x at end of a noun

Identify some masculine & feminine nouns in Arabic from the vocabulary you learned.

indicates that it is a feminine noun.


72

Level 01

Lesson 1B: Basic Hymns Now write your translation in the “English” column.

English

Arabic

t ¢ s ¢ t Q ; @ l 7 @ [ ¤w r 9| h [ ¢ ¢ n v v k Z sO ¢P s n ; '| hUl t ¢ ¢ l ¢ n oiU ¥uY ¢tg ¦i ¢ n 9 oiU |4 ; 7 @ [ ti[ r r iU oiY Quranic Arabic Program

73

Level 01

Lesson 1B: Basic Hymns Reverse the Translation Now translate the English sentences into Arabic. Freely consult the vocabulary table. Compare your result with the previous page. Calculate your score. Repeat the test, if your score is below 80%.

English

Arabic

(I start) In the name of Allah, the beneficent, the eternally merciful. (O Allah!) There is no partner for You. Allah is free from all evils and filths. Allah is free from all evils and with His praise …. Allah is one. Allah is eternally independent. Allah is the greatest. Blessings of Allah be upon him (Muhammad) and his progeny. Salute and peace be upon him. I seek refuge in Allah from the rejected Satan. Muhammad is Allah’s Prophet. O Allah! Shower Your blessings upon Muhammad and the progeny of Muhammad. The praise is for Allah. There is no god except Allah.


74

Level 01

Lesson 2A: Gender

Dear Reader!


Most of the languages contain different words for masculine and feminine. In Arabic, separate words are used for both genders.

Beware of insincere religious and political leaders. They try to manipulate you. Always trust on your own judgment, not that of your leaders.

In

Arabic,

(Muzhakkar)

the

‘masculine’

and the

is

called

‘feminine’ is called

¤ n ¢e n

(Muannath). By default, all nouns are considered ¤ n except the following:

• Real en: The nouns which are en in reality, for example xln w (woman), k (girl), 8 l (mother), I D l| (sister), I ; (daughter) etc.

• Words with x at their end: The words carrying a x are considered en , for example xhiY

(prayer), ¢ (garden), Q (good). There are some exceptions to this rule e.g. K iD (Caliph), n¤U (a big scholar). A masculine can be converted into feminine by putting a x at its end.

• Words with 6 at their end: The words carrying a at their end are also considered en , for example 6 &h [ (a black woman), 6 ; (a white woman).

• Words with

:at their end: The words carrying at their end are considered en , for

example :@ | (big), :L Y (small), oN U (great).

• Non-Living Items: There is a large number of nouns related to non-living matter which is neither male nor female. Native people used either of masculine or feminine words for such things by assuming that a specific thing is masculine or feminine. For example, in Arabic, % ? (book) is considered masculine whereas

x Z

(tree) is considered feminine. Similarly

d Z

(sun) is feminine. We have to follow the native people to determine which items are ¤ n and which ones are en. Gender of various items is considered differently in different languages. •

Remember that the following words will always be en: , l (Earth), % (war), (fire), 6 [ (sky), G k (air), d K (living organism).

•

Countries’ names will also be en. For example n (Egypt), 8 Z (Syria)

•

Human organs in pairs will also be considered . For example k (hand), u (foot),

7 (ear), s U (eye) etc.


75

' l

Level 01

Lesson 2A: Gender

Test Yourself (1) Write down against each words in the table below whether it is a masculine or a feminine. The nouns for non-living matter, which are

Gender

en, are already mentioned. Meaning

Brother Sister Father Mother Father Mother Brother of mother Sister of mother Brother of father Sister of father

¤ n ¢e n

A man with bad character A woman with bad character A good / handsome man A good / beautiful woman


76

Word

l I D l| x % l 8| 9 D D tU ¢U \ [ J[ s Q Q

Level 01

Lesson 2A: Gender

Gender

Meaning

G @S @S @

An ugly ____ An ugly ____ A big _____

x @

A big _____ A short _____ A big _____ This _____

¢e n

This _____ Paradise, Garden

¢e n

Hell Bridegroom Bride (In old Arabic, it is used for both male & female) Hard, tough, difficult____ Hard, tough, difficult____

¢e n

Market A long ______


Word

77

L Y x L Y m 4 m

¢ t ¢ g d k U ) U k Z xk Z 2 h [ ikh W Level 01

Lesson 2A: Gender

Gender

Meaning

K Yl 6 KY D l

Yellow _____ Yellow _____ Green ______

6 D

Green ______

l 6 2 ( l 6 S (

Red _____ Red _____ Blue ______ Blue ______ The most beautiful man The most beautiful _____ Truthful ____ Truthful _____ Witness _____ Witness _____ A liar _____ A liar _____


Word

78

s Q l o Q 2 & Y S& Y m Z xm Z % ' ;'

Level 01

Lesson 2A: Gender

Test Yourself (2) n are provided to you in the following table. Write down their en in the next column

en

n

en

& h [ l (Green) D l (White) a ;l (Black)

(Brother)

s Q (Father) (Yellow) K Yl (Ugly) G @S (Good)

l

2 ( l ) 9 D (Big) @ (Father) %l

m Z (Red) l (Good) s Q (Small) L Y

(Blue)

(Observer)

(Maternal Uncle

m (Hard) k Z (Pious) m ( (Immoral) \ [ (Merciful) t (Leader) t U( (Respected)

s Q l (Uncle) tU (Truthful) 2 & Y (Liar) % ' d k U (Worshipper) ;U (Helper)

(This)


n

(Handsome)

(Bridegroom)

79

Level 01

Lesson 2B: The Prayer Dear Reader!


In the previous lesson, we have learnt the basic hymns. In this lesson, we will learn the Arabic Language of our prayers. Mostly, our people perform their prayers without understanding it. It is a very serious matter. We must learn the meanings of our prayer. Without that, we will not be able to develop the sense that we are meeting our Lord. In this lesson, we are including only the commonly read hymns of our prayer.

Perform your prayers in a way that you are watching your God. If it is not possible, then at least develop the sense that your God is watching you. Prophet Muhammad

Translation Translate the following sentences. The vocabulary is available here. You can read the vocabulary and join the words to make sentences. Do not see the answers before attempting. Each sentence carries five mark. After completing the exercise, see the answers.

Explanation

Word

@ l

The greatest, the biggest, the magnificent These are two words. 7@[ means “Free from immorality and all types of physical and moral filths”, 1 means “You”. Overall meaning, “You are free from all types of filths & weaknesses.” O Allah! O God And These are three words. and thanks,

% means ‘with’ and Ý means praise

1 means ‘you or your’. Meanings of this phrase

1 7@[ v@ [

tgi 1 % 1 ;

are ‘with Your praise’.

Face the Challenge!

Rule of the Day

In Arabic, why words are written in joined form? Compare it with English.

In Arabic, fathah, dhammah and kasrah are used at the last letter of a word to indicate different positions of a noun.


80

Level 01


Explanation

Word

Blessed Again two words. t[ means name and 1 means ‘you or yours’. So the full phrase is ‘your name’. High, exalted Two words i.e. means highness, majesty and 1 means ‘you or yours’. SO the full phrase is ‘Your majesty’. No, not, never A god, a superior being Two words i.e. T means ‘other than’ and 1 means ‘you or your’. So the phrase means ‘other than you’. These are also two words. 9 means ‘for’ and is the Arabic name of God. Meanings of this phrase are ‘for Allah’. Lord, Sustainer, Upholder

1@ 1 t[ v[ ßM 1 1§

r 1 T 1 T 9

%

9 means ‘the’ and Umeans all

s M

Two words i.e. 9 and 7Ý. Rahmaan is a name of God

s

These are two words. worlds or universes.

which means ‘beneficent, gracious, kind, caring’. Two words ie. 9 and t . Raheem is another name of God which means ‘eternally merciful’.

t

Do you know? Arabs of 6th and 7th century (time of Quranic revelation) were fond of poetry and speeches. A poet or a speaker used to enjoy a high rank in the society. There were poetry & speech competitions in their major gatherings. Poetry master pieces were hanged with the Holy Ka’aba.


81

Level 01


Explanation

Word

Owner Day Judgment. The complete phrase sk

8hk means ‘the day of

judgment’. For You only We worship We seek help Two words i.e. mw means ‘guide’ and means ‘us’. So the phrase means ‘guide us’. The path The straight or the right. Full phrase

t J?Q - means

‘the straight path’ or ‘the right path’. These two words are added to a noun at the beginning in order to specify it. It is a synonym of English word ‘THE’ or “Those who”. You favored, You blessed Two words i.e. oiU means on and tm means them. Phrase means, ‘on them’ or ‘upon them’.

1kw @M M?Q m m - t J?Q sk

I Ml tm oiU tg iU

T

Other than, not those who


vn 8hk sk& 9 sk

82

Level 01


Explanation

Word

Who earned anger of Allah, damned, cursed Who got astray, who got away from the right path. Please accept it. Two words i.e. % means ‘Lord, Sustainer’ and 5 stands for ‘my or me’. Phrase means ‘My Lord’. The great He listened Two words i.e. 9 means ‘for’ and sn means ‘who’. Phrase means ‘for whom’. Two words, Ý means praise and thanks and 4 means ‘his or him’. Phrase means ‘His praise’. Two words i.e. % means ‘Lord, Sustainer’ and stands for ‘our or us’. Phrase means ‘Our Lord’.

t NM [ s n 9 s

4 4Ý % ; 1 9 v oiU $ ? xhi $@ O

These words, ‘for You’. The highest, the greatest. The greetings, the salutations The prayers Purified things or purified emotions


%hL ¦ n 5 % p£;

83

Level 01


Explanation

Word

Peace Two words, oiU means ‘on’ whereas 1 means ‘you or your’. Phrase means ‘on you’.

gk à Ý

O (person)! To address someone. The Prophet, here it means Prophet Muhammad. Blessings Two words i.e. $; means benedictions, blessings, whereas

4 means ‘his or him’. Phrase means ‘His blessings’.

Two words, oiU means ‘on’ and means ‘our or us’. So the phrase means ‘on us’. Slaves of Allah. Pious Bestow blessings Progeny, also includes the followers Two words, 1 means ‘like’. n stands for ‘what, which etc.’. Phrase means ‘like which’

4 $; r; oiU iU

&@U © uY 9 n 1 I iY

You bestowed. The word is linked with uY.


8Q 1 oiU v iU

84

Level 01


Explanation

Word

t m;w Ý 1;

Prophet Abraham 8Q ‫ة‬hi ‫ﮦ‬ÞiU Admirable Great, high, glorified, exalted Give prosperity, bestow blessings You bestowed. The word is linked with 1;. Compare

1;

I;

Again two words, t means ‘you or your’. Phrase means ‘on

t oiU tj iU

I; with I iY uY.

you’. 1 is used for singular and t is plural.

Rule of the Day

Face the Challenge!

Normal form of a noun is its “Subjective” case. When a task is done on a specific noun, it is its “Objective” case. If a noun belongs something, it is its “Possessive” Case. They are called respectively in Arabic.

How do you describe the subjective, objective and possessive cases in the English grammar?

Do you know? The Quran challenged the Arabs to produce a chapter like that of Quran. The challenge was never accepted by the best poets and speakers. All Arabs, whether Muslims or not, agreed that they were not able to produce a single verse comparable to the Quran. Labeed, one of the great poets of Arabia, left poetry after his conversion to Islam. Someone asked him the reason. He said, “How can I do poetry after the Quran?”


85

Level 01

Lesson 2B: The Prayer Now write your translation in the “English” column.

English

Arabic @l vá 1@ 1= ¢tg ¦i v@ [ .1 T r 1 § oM . t ¢ sO ¢P s n ; '| hUl .t ¢ s ¢ t Q ; .M £% © .s k£ 8 h k v n .t ¢ s ¢ . M ?Q 1 ¢kw @M 1 ¢kw .t J?Q £ m

t g i U I M l s k¤ Y n . ¥¢ t g i U % hL T .t NM ¢p£; 7@[ .4 s [ .© v ¢; .oiU² ¢p£; 7@[


86

Level 01


English

Arabic

$ @£ ¤O x| h i¢ $ ¢ ¢?

!

§p@¢ g§k v iU 8 ¢Q

‘r ; . & @U oiU iU 8 ¢Q

¤ r 7 g Zl .‘r|h[ ‘4@U ¢ n ¤7l g Zl

9 oiU n oiU o¦iY ¢tg i 9 oiU t m;w oiU I ¦iY

t m;w . n v ¢w

9 oiU oiU 1 ; ¢tg i 9 oiU t m;w oiU I ;

t m;w . n v ¢w . Ý t|j i U 8 ¢Q


87

Level 01

Lesson 2B: The Prayer Reverse the Translation Now translate the English sentences into Arabic. Freely consult the vocabulary table. Compare your result with the previous page. Calculate your score. Repeat the test, if your score is below 80%.

English

Arabic

Allah is the greatest. O Allah! You are free from all weaknesses. With Your praise (I say that) Your name is blessed. Your majesty is high and there is no god other than You. I seek refuge in Allah from the rejected Satan. Allah in the name of, the most Beneficent, the eternally Merciful. Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, the most Beneficent, the eternally Merciful. Owner of the day of judgment. (O Allah!) You alone we worship and You alone we ask for help. Guide us towards the right path. The path of those whom You have favored. Neither the path of who earned Your anger nor of those who astray. My Lord the great is free from all weaknesses. Allah has listened who has praised Him. O our Lord! Praise is for You.


88

Level 01


English

Arabic

My Lord, The High, is free from all weaknesses. The greetings, the prayer and the purified things are for Allah. O Prophet! Salutations and Allah’s blessings and His benedictions be upon you.

Peace be upon us and on all pious slaves of Allah.

I declare that there is no god except Allah. And I declare that verily Muhammad is His slave and His messenger. O Allah! Bless Muhammad and the progeny (followers) of Muhammad. As You blessed Abraham and the progeny (followers) of Abraham. Verily You are praised and exalted. O Allah! Give benediction to Muhammad and the progeny (followers) of Muhammad. As You gave benediction to Abraham and the progeny (followers) of Abraham. Verily You are praised and exalted. Peace and blessings of Allah be upon you.


89

Level 01

Lesson 3A: Case

Dear Reader! As in English, there are three states of a noun which is called the ‘case’ i.e. subjective, objective and possessive cases. Similarly in Arabic, there are three cases which are called . In English, different cases are denoted by changing the sequence of words or adding words to it. In Arabic, it is denoted by a change in the %Ul of

Build Your Personality Think from other’s point of view. It will broaden your intellectual horizon and will help you understand and tolerate other’s point of view.

the last letter of a word. Look at the following table.

t[

Possessive

Objective

Subjective

Noun

sQ h % ?

Q h ;?

s Q h % ?

s Q h % ?

• The Form (%Uw) of Last letter of 80-85% of Arabic Nouns change as per following detail. •

The (subjective case) is normally denoted by putting a

rX at the last letter of a noun. It

is the default case. If the default case has a single dhammah, a single fathah and kasrah will be placed in other cases. If the default case has a double dhammah, a double fathah and kasrah will be placed in other cases. •

The (objective case) is normally denoted by putting a

r? at the last letter of a noun.

Usually an Alif is added after the two fathah, if the last letter is not a round x or a hamzah 6. • •

The (possessive case) is normally denoted by putting a

xQ at the last letter of a noun.

If an 9 is placed before a noun, its double movements are converted into single movements.

• A few nouns (appx. 1-2%) do not change their form. They remain the same in all cases. They are called â@n. For example m (this) will remain the same in all forms

• Some nouns (apprx. 14-15%) change their form, but they are the same in and

. They are called 3 n T. For example t m;w will be t m;w in its and form. They carry a rX in but carry either a r? or a xQ in both and . They also do not carry a tanveen. You will learn them by experience


90

Level 01

Lesson 3A: Case

Test Yourself The default case

is given to you in the right column. Determine the

and case for

these nouns.

o Mn

Possessive

Objective

Meanings

Subjective

Muhammad A Prophet The prophet A thing The thing A sign, a verse The sign, the verse A garden The garden A girl, a daughter The girl, the daughter A sky, a heaven The sky, the heaven

¢ n 9 h[ 9| h[ q Z

q| P k kÄ ¢ ¢ ¨ I ; I @ 6 [ 6 ¢Q

Note that by adding an Alif-Laam 9 before a noun results in a single dhammah at the last letter. If an 9 is not placed before a noun, it has double dhammah. Quranic Arabic Program

91

Level 01

Lesson 3B: What is Piety? Dear Reader!


From this lesson onwards, we will read the selected passages from the Holy Quran, the Hadith and selected writings of Arab scholars. Look at the styles used in these passages and develop your language skills by translating these styles into English language. In addition to learning the language, also try to develop your personality in light of the attributes mentioned in these verses and Ahadith.

Translation

If we have the right to accept a point of view based on some arguments, other people also have the same right. Try to convince others in a positive manner. Do not impose your views on others. Tolerate the different views.

Translate the following sentences. The vocabulary is available here. You can read the vocabulary and join the words to make sentences. Do not see the answers before attempting. Each sentence carries five marks. After completing the exercise, see the answers.

Explanation

Word

d

It is not

¢@

The piety, righteousness

7 l

That

h«h

You turn (towards some direction) Two words, 4h is the plural of r which means ‘face’.

t means ‘yours’. Overall meaning ‘your faces)

t 4h tj| m h

Towards

u @S

The East

2 P

And, if is repeated several times, you can translate is as a ‘comma’ instead of repeating and, and, and


92

Level 01


Explanation

Word

% L

The West

¢sj

But

¢@

The piety, righteousness

s n

Who

s n

Believed, had faith in Two words, % means ‘with’ and is ‘God’. Overall meaning ‘with Allah’ or ‘in Allah’. Two words, 8hk means ‘day’ and D means ‘the last’. Overall meaning ‘the day of judgment’.

D Ä 8 h j

The angels The book, the divine law. Usually this word is used for the divine books i.e. the Torah, the Gospels and the Quran.

% ?j £ @¢

Prophets. @ or 7h @ is the plural of ã.

o

Gives

9

Wealth Two words, means ‘love’. 4 means ‘his or him’. Overall meaning ‘in His (Allah’s) love’.


% r¤i;

93

r £@

Level 01


Explanation

Word

o; J| 5'

Relatives

on?

Orphans

Q

Poor people Two words, s; means ‘son’, u @[ means ‘way’. Overall meaning ‘the son of the way’. This idiom is used to describe a ‘traveler’.

u @¢Q s ; i ¢Q

Poor people who ask for help Two words, ä means ‘in’ and ‘%S’ means ‘slavery’. Overall meaning ‘in slavery’. He established, He performed regularly and collectively

% S£ p 8 Sl x ¢

Prayer

o

Give Zakat (the mandatory charity imposed by Islam on rich people). Those people who fulfill (their promises or contracts) Three words, % means ‘with’, gU means ‘promise or

contract’, tm means, ‘their or them’. Overall meaning ‘with

x ¢R 7 h|h tm gU % tm g M ;

their contracts’.

'w

When


94

Level 01


Explanation

Word

m U

They promise

s k;¢

People who are firm and patient Pain, suffering

6 [B @

Adversity, loss

6 ¢¢

At the time of

) B @

War

v f l|

They are

s k¤

Those who

h|S Y

Are truthful When these two words are combined, the make an exclusive sense i.e. “Only those are the people who….” God fearing, careful about right and wrong. It is plural. Its singular is pJ?n.

t m v f l| 7 h|J¢?

Face the Challenge!

Rule of the Day

What is singular and plural? How do you make a noun plural in English?

In Arabic, there are special nouns used to describe pairs. It is called r .

Worth Reading Pure Monotheism! What is the difference between Monotheism and Polytheism? Read this article at http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE01-0009-Monotheism.htm


95

Level 01

Lesson 3B: What is Piety? Now write your translation in the “English” column.

p;U

English

¢@ d % L 2 P u @S t j| m h h«h 7 l ¢@ ¢sj j D Ä 8 h r ¤i; s n sn £ @¢ % ?j :r £@ oiU 9 o s ; Q on? o; J| 5' % S£ p i ¢Q u @¢Q x ¢R o x ¢ 8 Sl m U 'w t m g M ; 7 h|h ) B @ 6 ¢¢ 6 [B @ p s k;¢ .7 h|J¢? t m v f l| h|S Y s k¤ v f l| (2:177 xJ@) Do you know? Arabic is the most structured language of the world. If you know the rules of deriving words, you can produce hundreds of words from a single word. These rules will be described in detail at Level 3 & 4.


96

Level 01

Lesson 3B: What is Piety? Reverse the Translation Now translate the English sentences into Arabic. Freely consult the vocabulary table. Compare your result with the previous page. Calculate your score. Repeat the test, if your score is below 80%.

p;U

English It is not righteousness (or piety) That you turn your faces towards the East or the West But the (behavior of) righteousness is: (That of a person) who believes in Allah, the Day of Judgment, the angels, the divine books and the Prophets. And gives his wealth due to His (Allah’s) love to: (the poor) relatives, orphans, poor, (needy) traveler, those who ask for financial help, and those in slavery.

And establish the prayer and pay the Zakat. And (the people) who fulfill their responsibilities when they enter into a contract Those who are firm and patient during suffering, adversity and at the time of war. These are the people who are truthful and these are the people who are righteous (and pious).


97

Level 01

Lesson 4A: Number

Dear Reader! Build Your Personality All languages have separate words for singular and plural nouns. Normally, plural nouns are derived Building a nation is a long process. If you from the singular nouns. As in English, we add ‘s’ or want to build your nation, don’t expect the ‘es’ at end of each singular noun to derive its plural results of your effort in days. noun. In Arabic, the situation is not different. But the difference between the Arabic and other languages is that there are three words are used to describe the number of a noun. They are called .

• : means singular. For example u (a man), xlnw (a woman), ¢ (a garden) etc. • : is used for two items, usually used to describe persons or things in pairs. For example 7 (two men), 7nw (two ladies), 7? (two gardens) etc. The simplest way to make is to add an Alif + Noon 7 at end of a noun, if the noun is in subjective case (). If the noun is in objective () or possessive ( ) case, a Ya + Noon sk is added and the 5 is followed by a fathah. For example i (two men), nw (two ladies), ? (two gardens) etc lnw (3 • å: means plural. In Arabic, plural means three or more. For example 9 (3 or more men), $ or more ladies), $ ¢ (3 or more gardens). There are certain rules to make a noun plural. • For most of nouns, plural can be made by adding Wa + Noon 7 at the end of a masculine noun and Alif + Ta $ at the end of feminine noun. For example, 7 hi Qn (many Muslims), 7 h n en (many believers),

7 ;U (many worshippers), $ i Qn (many Muslim ladies), $ n en (many believer women), $ ;U (many worshipper women) etc.

• This is applicable in the subjective case (). If a masculine noun is in objective () or possessive ( ) case, a Ya + Noon

•

sk is added and the 5 is followed by a kasrah. For example i Qn (many Muslims), n en (many believers), s k;U (many worshippers). If a feminine noun is in objective () or possessive ( ) case, the last letter of the word will have a kasrah in both cases. In , it will carry a kasrah instead of a fathah. For example $ i Qn (many Muslim ladies), $ n en (many believer women), $ ;U (many worshipper women) etc. Do you know?

Rule of the Day

The Quran changed the lives of Arabs. It transformed unorganized and insurgent Arabs into the world’s largest super power of its time.

sk \ 7 is the symbol of r whereas sk \ 7 is the symbol å.


98

Level 01

Lesson 4A: Number å

There are many nouns, whose plural is not made by following these rules. It is called ¢Qj n

å.They are

?| (many books), 9 (3 or more men) etc. They have fathah in objective () case and kasrah in possessive case ( ) at their end. There plural is derived from the speech of native people. For example,

learnt by studying the dictionary or the Arabic Literature. They are used at certain structures. The benefit of learning these structures is that you will consider the word at anyone of these structure will usually be a plural word. Just put the letters instead of 9 / 3 and get the ¢Qj n

å.

9 M l

& l I S $ Sl ] kZ

9 h M |

v i n 1 h|in m Z ! & hgZ iS

9 M

% hE % E u 9 @ # @

u M |

% ? #

?| K[ # s K| [ K Y #

3 Zl O n Onl

% h|iS| r 4 h " & h

L Y LY i ; " & ;

] Y J kW !" 2 W| kn " 7 n

6 M|

k( 6 ( n l 6 n l| t U

u M l

g Z g Z l u

u l d K d K| l

6 i U r K[

6 gK [ gZ ! " 6 g Z U s Ul ; $ ; l

6 M l

p @ 6 @l @ # $ 6 ¢@ l kS

7 M|

) 7 [ | i ; " 7 i; S #

$ 6 ; S l æp T 6 Tl §p 6 l

7 @ S|


99

Level 01


u| M

U Y U R ( % 9| ( ( h

u| M

u k S u| k& S 7 Oi [ W [ 2 Y #

i M

' ?[|l x [l i x n v i n

u| U Kn

Qn % Qn @?j n #" jn

u| UKn

! ?K n " G Kn i Jn " Jn % h?jn

h m h m h

\ k& Y kçD k( D 7 ?Q; Q;

j n & " N n " V n u ?Jn u| Jn & " ! jn & "

Note that certain structures are 3 n

T. It means that a skh cannot be used at their last letter. When

they are in possessive or objective case, their last letter will always carry a fathah. They are

6 M l 6M| |uM |u UKn |uU Kn : Plural of some nouns can be used at more than one structures. For example, the plural of

|u M

; is h;

; ;l. For words having more than one meaning, plural in one meaning is used at one structure while that in the other meaning is used at another structure. For example @U means a slave of a man or a slave of God. In first meaning its plural is @U while in the other meaning its plural is & @U . Face the Challenge!

Rule of the Day

Describe the difference between normal plural and Qjn å?

7 \ 7 denotes .


100

whereas

sk

is the symbol

Level 01


Test Yourself (1) You are provided with singular nouns. Make

and å for these nouns. Qjn å is already

provided wherever applicable, Fill in the blanks. Each line carries 6 marks.

o Mn

Plural

Two / Pair

Meanings

Singular

|

i Qn

7 hi Qn

?| | ?|

?|

|

i Qn

7i Qn 7 J?n

t V Ul

W Z

Muslim

t i Qn

Book

% ?

Pious person

pJ?n

Believer

s n hn

t V Ul

Greatest

t N Ul

6 gK [

Foolish person

r K[

W Z

Reformer

G i n

Satan, devil

7 O Z

One who make disorder

Q Kn

$ i| V|

Darkness

i|V

\ U hY

Lightening on the sky during rain

$ i| V| | $ i| V|

$ ¢


Garden

101

JU Y ¢

Level 01


o Mn

Plural

Two / Pair

Meanings

Singular

|

|

$ hi Y % h|iS|

Person who goes astray

9X

Prayer

xhiY

Heart

, nl

Disease

h [

iS , n

A chapter of Quran

xh[

Worshipper

;U

gl

River, canal

g

7 '

Ear

9 nl

Example Punishment

LY

Small Covering Person with bad character Light


102

7 '| u n % U L Y xPT \ [ h

Level 01


Test Yourself (2)

You are provided with feminine nouns. Make their and in all three forms.

o Mn

Plural

Two / Pair

Meanings

Singular

|

$ i Qn | $ i Qn

$ i Qn

|

? i Qn

7? i Qn

Muslim female Worshipper female

x [

Observing female

xV

Believing female

103

x;U

Prostrating female

Fasting female


i Qn

Y n en

Married female

@£ E

Devout female

?S

Pious female

Y

Truthful female

S& Y

A female protecting herself

N

Patient female

x;Y

Humble female

MZ D

Level 01


Test Yourself (3)

You are provided with feminine nouns. Make their masculine nouns with their and in all three forms.

n

en

Plural

Two / Pair

Masculine

Feminine

|

i Qn

7 hi Qn

|

i Qn

7i Qn

t i Qn

i Qn x;U x [ xV Y n en @£ E ?S Y S& Y N x;Y MZ D


104

Level 01

Lesson 4B: Allah, There is no god except Him! Dear Reader!


This lesson contains Quranic verses about Allah and His attributes. Allah is only one and He is actively controlling entire universe.

Always remember that we have to meet our Lord. We will be accountable for our deeds.

Translation Translate the following sentences. The vocabulary is available after the sentences. You can read the vocabulary and join the words to make sentences. Do not see the answers before attempting. Each sentence carries five mark. After completing the exercise, see the answers.

Explanation

Word

No, never, not God

r w

Except

¤w

He, Him

h m

Living, self-subsisting

§p

Eternal

8 h§ J

Two words, DB means ‘seize’ and 4 means ‘his or him’. Overall meaning, ‘seize him’.

4 | D B 4 | D B

Slumber

[

Sleep

8 h

Two words, 9 means ‘for’ and 4 means ‘his or him’. Overall meaning, ‘for him’.

n

Which, what, that

p

In, inside,


4 9 r

105

Level 01


Explanation

Word

Skies, heavens. Its singular is 6á which means a single sky or heaven.

, ²

The Earth Three words, sn means ‘who, which’, ' means ‘that’, 5 means ‘that’. The full phrase 5 can….’

$ h ¢Q

' sn means that ‘who is the person that

5¤ ' s n K P k

Intercede, recommend Two words, U means ‘near’, 4 means ‘his or him’. Overall meaning ‘near him’ or ‘in front of him’. Three words, % means ‘with’, 7'w means ‘permission’ and 4 means ‘his or him’. Overall meaning ‘with his permission’.

4 U 4 7'w % r ' C;

He knows

t i M k

Between

s ;

Two words, 5kl means ‘two hands’. tm means ‘them or their’. Overall meaning ‘their two hands’. tgkkl

; n is an idiom which

tm 5kl t g kkl

means “whatever is in front of them”. Two words, ]iD means ‘behind’. tm means ‘them or their’. Overall meaning ‘behind them’. They can get access to….., they can comprehend to …. Two words, % means ‘with’ and 6pZ means ‘thing’. Overall meaning ‘with any thing’.

7 h|O k ; 6pZ % 6 p P s n

From Two words, tiU means ‘knowledge’. 4 means ‘his or him’. Overall meaning ‘his knowledge’.


tm ]iD t g K i D

106

4 tiU r i U Level 01


Explanation

Word

Three words, % means ‘with’, n means ‘what or whatever’ and 6Z means ‘he likes’. Overall meaning ‘whatever He likes’.

6Z n % 6Z ; [

Extends Two words, p[ means ‘throne or chair’. It stands for the controlling point of this universe. Overall meaning ‘His throne’. Two words, &hfk means ‘fatigue’. 4 means ‘his or him’. Overall meaning ‘fatigue him’. Two words, _K means ‘protection’ or ‘guarding’. è means ‘both of them’.

4 p[ r § [ | 4 &hfk 4& h|fk è _K g N| K

The most high, the exalted

§pi M

The greatest, the supreme

t NM

Compulsion, religious persecution

4 w

Religion

s k£

Verily, this word is added to make a sentence empathetic. With past tense, it gives the sense of Present Perfect Tense.

s ¢ @

Made it clear, made it distinctive

Z §

Guidance, the tight path

s n

From


S

107

Level 01


Explanation

Word £pL

Error, the wrong path Two words, 3 means ‘so’, sn means ‘whoever, that’. Overall meaning ‘so whoever’.

s K| j k

Denounce Two words, % means ‘with’. $hTW means ‘force of evil’. In translation, the preposition % will be ignored.

$hTW 9 % $ h|T¤O;

s n e k

Believe Two words, 3 means ‘so’ whereas S means ‘verily’

J v Q ?[

Hold firmly

xU 9 % x M ;

Hand hold Firm, strong

oJEh

Break, split

8 K

Two words, 9 means ‘for’ and m means ‘it’. Overall meaning ‘for it’.

m 9 g

Listener

[

Knower

t iU §p

Protector, friend


108

Level 01


Explanation

Word

Two words, sk means ‘those who’, h n means ‘believed’. Overall meaning ‘those who believed’. Two words, " means ‘He brings out’, tm means ‘them or their’. Overall meaning ‘bring them out’.

h n s k¤ k tm " t g

Darkness

$ i| N«

Towards

ow h§

Light Two words, ‘those who disbelieve’ or ‘unbelievers’. Two words, 6 l is plural of é means ‘protectors’ or

‘guardians’. tm means ‘them or their’. Overall ‘their

K s k¤ tm 6 l t m z l

guardians’. Two words, 7h means ‘they bring out’. Overall meaning, ‘they bring out them (unbelievers)’

v f l|

They

%Yl means ‘friends or companions’. means ‘fire’. Overall meaning ‘companions of fire’.

¢ % Y l t m

They Two words, ä means ‘in or inside’. m means ‘it’. Overall meaning ‘in it’.

m ä g 7 D

Forever


tm 7h t g h k

109

Level 01

Lesson 4B: Allah, There is no god except Him! Now write your translation in the “English” column.

p;U

English

h m ¤w r w r ¤i 8 h§ J §p 8 h [ 4 | D B , ² p n $ h ¢Q p n r r ' C; ¤w 4 U K P k 5¤ ' s n t g K i D n t g kkl s ; n t i M k 6 Z ; ¤w r i U s n 6 p P ; 7 h|O k 4 & h|fk , ² $ h ¢Q r § [ | [ t NM §pi M h m g N| K s k£ p 4 w £pL s n Z § s ¢ @ S Face the Challenge!

Rule of the Day

What is a pronoun?

If the name of a noun is used in a sentence, it is not repeated again and again. Instead of name, certain words e.g. he, she, they, you, I, we are used. Search the name of these words in the English Grammar.


110

Level 01


p;U

English

J r ¤i; s n e k $ h|T¤O; K| j k s g 8 K oJEh x M ; v Q ?[ t iU [ r ¤i $ i| N« s n t g k h n s k¤ §p r ¤i h§ ow $ h|T¤O t m z l K s k¤ $ i| N« ow h§ s n t g h k .7 D g t m ¢ % Y l v f l| (2:255-257 xJ@)

Do you know? When Prophet Muhammad ti[ r r iU oiY presented the message of Quran, the Arabs rejected it. He continued his struggle to convey God’s message. At last, entire Arab nation accepted his message. Within a period of 10-15 years, two super powers of the time i.e. Roman & Persian empires surrendered and the Muslim empire was stretched from present-day Pakistan to Morocco. Interesting fact is that there was a completed religious freedom in that empire.

Worth Reading Character of Ancient Religious Scholars at Jerusalem. Read this article at http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0014-Jerusalem.htm


111

Level 01

Lesson 4B: Allah, There is no god except Him! Reverse the Translation Now translate the English sentences into Arabic. Freely consult the vocabulary table. Compare your result with the previous page. Calculate your score. Repeat the test, if your score is below 80%.

p;U

English Allah, there is no god except Him. The living, the eternal. He neither slumbers nor sleeps. Whatever is in heavens and the earth belongs to Him. Who can intercede in front of Him without His permission. He knows what is in their hands and what is behind them (i.e. an idiom which means that He knows all of their deeds) They cannot compass anything from His knowledge except what He likes (to disclose). His throne (control of universe) is more vast than the heavens and the earth. Guarding of both of them (heavens & earth) does not fatigues Him. He is the exalted, the supreme. There is no persecution in the religion. Verily, the true path has been made clearly distinctive from error. Whoever renounces the forces of evil and believes in Allah, has grasped the firm hand-hold which will never break. And Allah hears all and knows all. Allah is the protector of believers. He brings them out of darkness and leads them into the light. Evil forces are the guardians of those who do not believe. They bring them out of the light and lead them into the darkness. (As a result) they become the companions of the Hellfire. They will live there forever.


112

Level 01

Lesson 5A: Pronouns Dear Reader! Pronoun is a word used instead of a noun. For example, we use the words ‘he, she, it, they, I, we’ instead of the name of a person. Like English, in Arabic, we have three positions of a pronoun. Either we are talking about a person, or talking with that person, or a person is talking about himself.

Build Your Personality Develop the love of Allah. Think about His blessings upon us. Also develop the love of His prophets. Think about our moral condition that would have been without the prophets.

They are called the third, second and first person in English grammar. In Arabic, they are called tij?n X T respectively. These cases have separate words for masculine and feminine and for different number of people. The total number of pronouns should be 18 i.e. 3 x 3 x 2, but thanks to Arabs, that they use only two pronouns for the first person tij?n. Masculine and feminine does not necessarily mean human beings. If a non-living matter is considered masculine or feminine, its pronoun will also be of the same gender. It is opposite to the English language. We use the pronoun ‘it’ for non-living matter in the English. But in Arabic, we use the masculine / feminine pronouns. This is one of the most important topics in learning the Arabic language. We will conduct a lot of exercises to clarify the concepts of pronouns. Look at the table on the next page.

Face the Challenge!

Rule of the Day

What is the difference between “he, his, and him”? What is the difference between “I, my and me”?

There are three possibilities to describe a noun: The person may be talking about himself (first person), talking about the audience (second person) or talking about someone else (third person).

Do you know? The basic message of the Quran is to live a God-oriented life based on the ethical principals. We are required to submit ourselves to Allah. The person who violates ethical principles does not live a God-oriented life.

Worth Reading Examining Others with Suspicion. Read this article at http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0005-Examiningothers.htm


113

Level 01

Lesson 5A: Pronouns

L Y

] Y

&U

Subjective Case

Person

Gender

Number

h m

T

n

m

T

n

They all (male)

t m

T

n

å

She

p m

T

en

They both (female)

m

T

en

They all (female)

¢sm

T

en

å

You (male)

I l

X

n

You both (male)

?l

X

n

You all (male)

t ?l

X

n

å

You (a female)

I l

X

en

You both (female)

?l

X

en

You all (female)

¢s?l

X

en

å

l

tij?n

en|n

s

tij?n

en|n

å

He They both (male)

I (male or female) We (male or female)


114

Level 01

Lesson 5A: Pronouns

Test Yourself (1): Subjective Case Complete the table. Frequently consult the table on the previous page.

p;U

English

t i Q n h m

He is a Muslim man. Both of them are Muslim men. All of them are Muslims men. She is a Muslim woman. Both of them are Muslim women. All of them are Muslim women. He is a Muslim man. Both of them are Muslim men. All of them are Muslim men. She is a Muslim woman. Both of them are Muslim women. All of them are Muslim women. I am a Muslim man. We are Muslim men. I am a Muslim woman. We are Muslim women.


115

Level 01

Lesson 5A: Pronouns

Test Yourself (2) : Subjective Case Complete the table. Frequently consult the table on the previous pages.

p;U

English

G Y h m

He is a pious man. Both of them are pious men. All of them are pious men. She is a pious woman. Both of them are pious women. All of them are pious women. He is a pious man. Both of them are pious men. All of them are pious men. She is a pious woman. Both of them are pious women. All of them are pious women. I am a pious man. We are pious men. I am a pious woman. We are pious women.


116

Level 01

Lesson 5A: Pronouns

Test Yourself (3) : Subjective Case Complete the table. Frequently consult the table on the previous pages.

p;U

English

s n en h m

He is a believer man. Both of them are believer men. All of them are believer men. She is a believer woman. Both of them are believer women. All of them are believer women. He is a believer man. Both of them are believer men. All of them are believer men. She is a believer woman. Both of them are believer women. All of them are believer women. I am a believer man. We are believer men. I am a believer woman. We are believer women.


117

Level 01

Lesson 5A: Pronouns Objective & possessive case of pronouns will be slightly different.

L Y

Possessive

Objective

Subjective

Person

His

4

Their both

m

Their

t m

Her

m

Him Both of them Them Her

4

He

h m

T n

m

They both

m

T n

t m

They

t m

T n å

m

She

p m

T en

Their both

m

Both of them

m

They both

m

T en

Their

¢sm

Them

¢sm

They

¢sm

T en å

Your

1

1

You

I l

X n

You both

?l

X n

You all

t ?l

X n å

1

You

I l

X en

You

Both Yours

|

Both of You

|

Your

t |

You all

t |

Your

1

You

Both Yours

|

Both of you

|

You both

?l

X en

Your

¢s|

You all

¢s|

You all

¢s?l

X en å

l

tij?n

s

tij?n å

My

ê :

Me

ê :

Our

Us


I We

118

Level 01

Lesson 5A: Pronouns

Test Yourself (4) : Possessive Case Complete the table. Frequently consult the table on the previous pages.

p;U

English

r ;?

His book Their book (two men) Their book (3 or more men) Her book Their book (two women) Their book (3 or more women) Your book (a single man) Your book (two men) Your book (3 or more men) Your book (a single woman) Their book (two women) Their book (3 or more women) My book Our book


119

Level 01

Lesson 5A: Pronouns


p;U

English

r ? ;

His house Their house (two men) Their house (3 or more men) Her house Their house (two women) Their house (3 or more women) Your house (a single man) Your house (two men) Your house (3 or more men) Your house (a single woman) Their house (two women) Their house (3 or more women) My house Our house


120

Level 01

Lesson 5A: Pronouns


p;U

English

r n

His talk Their talk (two men) Their talk (3 or more men) Her talk Their talk (two women) Their talk (3 or more women) Your talk (a single man) Your talk (two men) Your talk (3 or more men) Your talk (a single woman) Their talk (two women) Their talk (3 or more women) My talk Our talk


121

Level 01

Lesson 5A: Pronouns

Test Yourself (7) : Objective Case Complete the table. Frequently consult the table on the previous pages.

p;U

English

r S

Said to him Said to both of them (male) Said to all of them (male) Said to her Said to both of them (female) Said to all of them (female) Said to you (a single man) Said to both of you (male) Said to all of you (male) Said to you (a single female) Said to both of you (female) Said to all of you (female) Said to me Said to us


122

Level 01

Lesson 5A: Pronouns


p;U

English

4

Helped him Helped both of them (male) Helped all of them (male) Helped her Helped both of them (female) Helped all of them (female) Helped you (a single man) Helped both of you (male) Helped all of you (male) Helped you (a single female) Helped both of you (female) Helped all of you (female) Helped me Helped us


123

Level 01

Lesson 5A: Pronouns


p;U

English

r M [

Listened him Listened both of them (male) Listened all of them (male) Listened her Listened both of them (female) Listened all of them (female) Listened you (a single man) Listened both of you (male) Listened all of you (male) Listened you (a single female) Listened both of you (female) Listened all of you (female) Listened me Listened us


124

Level 01

Lesson 5A: Pronouns

Test Yourself (10) : Comprehensive Fill in the blanks by putting the correct pronoun. Frequently consult the table on the previous pages.

p;U

English

, ² p n t j| \ i D 5¤ h m

_____ is the One Who has created for _____ whatever is in the earth.

7| O ¢P g ¤( B

The Satan tempted _________. So they used to learn (the art) from ______ by _____ they used to discord between a husband and _____ wife.

6 s ; r ; 7 h|S£K k n g n 7 h¤iM ? r (

You blessed upon _____, not those You were angry upon ______.

t g i U % hL T t g i U I M l

They ask _____ about the intoxicants and the gambling. Say, “In ______, there is a great sin.

g u S| Q s U v h|BQ k @ t Ew t ¢ % ¢h¢? h m r ¢w

Verily, only ____ is the one Who accepts repentance, the merciful.

M ?k 7 l g i U !

So there is no harm on ______ if they revoke the divorce.

7 h S hk t m x DÄ;

And on the hereafter, _____ believe. That is the fire _____ fuel is men and stones.

x| ) ¢ m& h|S p?¤ ¢

And for _____, there will be purified spouses in _____.

x ¢gO n " ( l g t g v i @ S s n 9 R l| n

And what is revealed before _____. Do you want to exchange ______ is superior for ______ is inferior.

D h m 5¤; o& l h m 5¤ 7 h| @ ?Q l g ; 3 ¢h¤Ok 7 l r i U !

So there is no harm on _____, if one goes around _______ (i.e. Safa & Marwah). They said, “Are you appointing a viceroy in ___, who will cause mischief in ___ (earth)?”


g Q K k s n g u| M l h|S 125

Level 01

Lesson 5A: Pronouns

p;U

English Verily, ______ are one perfect in knowledge and wisdom.

t j t iM I l v ¢w

O Adam! Dwell ______ and ______ wife in the garden.

¢ v ( I l s j| [ 8 & k v ¢; / &

So pray _____ Lord for ______. He said, “O Mary! From where did this came for _____.

m v o¢l t k n k 9 S

And _____ is the truth testifying what is with ______.

t g M n S£ n §\ h m , n t g ;h|iS| p

In ______ hearts, there is a disease.

, ² $ h ¢Q r § [ | [ g N| K 4 & h|fk

_____ throne is more vast than the heavens and the earth and protection of ______ does not fatigue ______.

² I @ ¢n g¤S gi J ; s n , gi ; g[ U gn h|

Which the earth produces, such as ___ greenherbs, ____ cucumbers, _____ garlic, ____ lentils and _____ onions.

j m i M

Thus We made _____ fate an exemplary punishment.

v ) £J 1 ; G £@Q s

And ____ sing Your praises and glorify ____.

:g h m r ¤i :m ¤7w

Certainly, the guidance provided by Allah, _____ is the true guidance.

t g M [ oiU t g ;h|iS| oiU r ¤i t ?D t m ;l oiU

Allah has put a seal on _____ hearts, on _____ ears and on ______ eyes.

1 ¢gW 1 KO Y r ¤i ¤7w t k n k M 6 Q oiU 1 KO Y

O Mary! Surely Allah has exalted _____, purified _____, and selected _____ (for His service) over all the women of the world.

r ¤i PK 7 l t j| n 7 ?K W I ¢m ' w g §

Remember when two parties from ____ meditated cowardice, but Allah was the protector for ______.


126

Level 01

Lesson 5A: Pronouns

p;U

English Certainly, Allah provides _____ with a good news of a word from _____. _____ name will be Messiah, Jesus the son of Mary.

p 7| h|jk o¢l £%

O Lord! How can there be a son for _____.

I nl| p l| l 9 S

He said, “_____ give life and cause death. He leaves ____ alone in ____ trespasses, so they wander to and fro like a blind person.

7 hg M k t g L W| p t m § k £ @n P K; ¢sj| n $ B k s n

From ____, whoever will commit an open indecency …..

7 D g t m

_____ will live in _____ forever. And from ______, He spread countless men and women. Verily, _____ are the One who has knowledge of the unseen.

6 Q g n ¤; % h L 8 ¤U I l v ¢w $ iQn ¢s?l

_____ are Muslim women.

t iM ¢Q h m

_____ is the listener (everything) and knowledgeable for everything. _____ are _____ attire and ____ are ____ attire.

¢sg ) @ t ?l t j| ) @ ¢sm xlnw I l

_____ are a woman.

7 Q K t m t g ¢w l

Beware! Surely _____ are those who cause mischief.

¢sj| h ; p 7 S

And stay at _____ home. For each one of _____, 1/6 part (will be given as inheritance).

) §Q g n ¥uj| p 7 h|K U t ?l ¢sm Z @ Q

And do not conduct a sexual intercourse with _____ while _____ stay (for 10 days in) the Mosques. Quranic Arabic Program

G Q r [ r n i j ; 1 £P@k r ¤i ¤7w t k n s ; oQ U

127

Level 01

Lesson 5A: Pronouns

p;U

English And the divorced women must keep _______ waiting for three menstrual cycles. And it is not lawful for _____ that they hide what ever Allah has created in _____ wombs.

K| B; s ¢; ?k $ J¤iO 6 S| EE ¢sg Q p r ¤i \ i D n s ?j k 7 l ¢sg u« k ¢sg n l

____ will not be stretching ____ hand towards you (to slay you).

v w 5 k ` [ @; l n

Surely, _____ are a test, so do not disbelieve.

K| j ? s ¢w

O Adam! Inform _____ about _____ names.

t g [ B; t g f @l 8 & k 7 hi Q n r s

_____ are submitting for Him. And they did not harm ____, but they were causing harm to ______.

7 hi N k t g Q K| l h s j hi V n t J?Q £ m

Guide ____ towards the straight path.

¢sg I l

_____ should help ______.

r ¤i l s 7 h§k h 9 S

The disciples said, “_____ are the helpers for Allah’s (cause).”

; 7 C m |' t j| n g B k 7 ¤i g U hX U B i Y l

And the two from ____, who commit ____, punish ______. So if they repent and improve, then leave _____.

s k?g s n l n

And ____ was not the one from those who are rightly guided. So keep away from women during the menstrual cycles and do not approach ____ until they are clean.

a p 6 Q£ h|R ?U 7 g O k o¢? ¢sm h; J

Verily, it is one of ____ tricks. Surely, ____ trick is mighty indeed.

t NU ¢s| ¤7w ¢s| s n r ¢w


128

Level 01

Lesson 5A: Pronouns

p;U

English And ____ am not the one from the polytheists.

P s n l n

And ____ are not a follower of ____ direction for prayers.

t g ?i @ S ;?; I l n

And if you have a doubt about what We have revealed on _____ slave

@ U oiU ¢R ¢n k p t ? | 7 w 7 hi n s ¢w

Surely, _____ are the reformers. This is the (food) which was given to ____ before.

u| @ S s n S ( 5¤ m

Then come, I give ____ the wealth and let ____ go in an honorable way.

[ ¢sj| £[ l| ¢sj| M £?n l| s M? B O D l l Q 7 w D e ¢;

O ____ Lord! Do not make ____ accountable if we forget or commit a mistake.

oiU r ?i Yw i U u i @ S s n s k¤

And do not place a burden on ____ as You have placed ____ on those who were before ____. O ____ Lord! Do not place a burden on ____ for which there is no strength in ___ to bear.

r ; S W n i £ ¢;

And pardon ____, forgive ____, have mercy on ___, _____ are ____ Protector, so help ____ against the unbeliever group.

U hn I l K T ¢ U ] s k j 8 h J oiU

How can ____ be the king on _____? Whereas ____ deserve more the power than _____.

§\ l s i U v i r 7| h|jk o¢l r n v i ; J v §; I l m '

So ____ and ____ Lord go to fight them.

l ¢sj| n $ Q i ¢U l r ¤i ¤7C NU

Thus, Allah promises the generous women among _____ the great reward.


129

Level 01

Lesson 5B: Intentions, Begging & Praising Others Dear Reader!


From this lesson, we shall start studying the Hadith of Prophet Muhammad ti[ r iU oiY.

Spend a percentage of your wealth in Allah’s way.

Translation Translate the following sentences. The vocabulary is available here. You can read the vocabulary and join the words to make sentences. We are not providing %Uw on repeated words to develop your habit of reading without %Uw. Do not see the answers before attempting. Each sentence carries five mark. After completing the exercise, see the answers.

Explanation What he intended So whoever Was His migration This world, worldly matters He finds it / he will find it. Woman (feminine of ynw) He marries her / he will marry her He migrated The upper hand Better, the best Lower


Word

:h n s I m r & g@ k x ln g j k m i M D oiK Q 130

Explanation He described Hadith to us. He said. He informed me. That definitely he He listened from He says / he will say, he is saying I listened Definitely only this Acts, deeds With intentions For each Man, person

Word

E¢ 9 S p @D l r ¢l s U [ 9| h|Jk I M [ ¢w 9| U ² $ ¢ £ ; ¥uj| 6 :n Level 01


Explanation So he proceeded Miqdad r U oX, one of oldest companions So he bent His both knees He was Fat He poured dust upon His face Pebbles What happened to you? When You saw, (with 'w it means “when you see”) People who praise, plural of !n So pour dust upon Their faces (plural of r ) Dust


Word

M & J r ?@ 7 X h| k r g 6 @ © Èv BZ n 'w t ?kl h| t g m h % §? 131

Explanation

Word

Start!

l;

With whom

s ;

Who belongs to your family The charity Back, after doing something Rich He avoids / will avoid begging He protects / will protect him He dispenses with / will dispense with He satisfies / will satisfy him The word Both of them said Verily that A man He made, he put He praises / will praise

9| h M S ¢ g V o T ] K M ?Q k r ¤KM k s L ?Q k r L k _ | K¤i S ¤7l u M ! k

Level 01

Lesson 5B: Intentions, Begging & Praising Others Now write your translation in the “English” column.

p;U

English

:9 S 5 © | E¢ :9S 7| K [ E¢ :9S 5² M [ s ; o k E¢ :§p ? t m ;w s ; ¢ n p @D l :9| h|Jk p ¥i + S s ; J i U [ r ¢l @ oiU r U p X % ¤Oª s ; U I M [ :9S :9| hJk ti[ r iU oiY 9 h [ I M [

:h n 6 :n ¥uj| ¢w $¢ £ ; 9| U ² ¢w”

g@ k & ow r m I s “.r w m n ßw r g g j k x ln ßw l

(1 oh %? :<)

Face the Challenge!

Rule of the Day

Describe in a paragraph what have you learnt during Level 1?

Subjective pronouns () are used as a separate

word while objective / possessive pronouns \ )

( are attached at the end of a word.


132

Level 01


p;U

English

:u Uáw s; o[hn E¢ : m E¢ pX 8 R s ; t j s U r ;l s U 8Pm E¢ :9 S ti[ r iU oiY £p@ sU r U

oiK Q s n D i M ”

|9h M s ; l;

o T g V s U S ¢ D

r K M k ] K M ?Q k s n (1361 xhR %? :<)

“. r L k s L ?Q k s n

Do you know? Arabic of 6th & 7th century is preserved in the Quran, the Hadith which are narrated to us in the words of Prophet ti[ r r iU oiY and the poetry and speeches of the period before /after Islam.

Worth Reading The Problem of Aurengzeb Alamgir regarding the educational system of his time. Read this article at http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE05-0001-Aurengzeb.htm


133

Level 01


p;U

English

_ | K¤i) ¢P; s; o¢ s ; E : S (o¢ s ; : K M s ; E s ; 8 ¢m sU t m;w sU h n sU | @MZ E Ð#© .7 U ! k u M ¤7l 7 .r ?@ oiU .& J M . X .6 @ © r g p h| k u M 9 h[ ¤7w :9J ÈvBZ n :7| U r 9 J :9S ti[ r iU oiY ."% §? t g m h p h| t ?kl 'w" (3002 \S mR %? tiQn)


134

Level 01

What’s Next? In Level 1, you have learnt the Arabic script and the religious Arabic language used in routine life. At next level, you will start learn Intermediate Arabic. Some highlights are as follows: • Proper & Common Nouns • Arabic Phrases • Pointing Nouns • Arabic Sentences • Linking Pronouns • Arabic Numbers • Fractional & Adjective Numbers • Prepositions, Conjunctions, Interrogations, Exclamations and Other Huroof • Directions & Relations In addition to that, you will also see some advanced passages from the Quran, the Hadith, some speeches and writings of ancient scholars and more. So continue Level 2 for learning the Intermediate Arabic.

Worth Reading Personality Development Program. A series of articles at http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/Personalityenglish.htm


135

Level 01

Bibliography Following sources are consulted during preparation of this book:

;M Li t iM

k 7J

xh k; n[» Mn ;M Li t iM

t k j 7| |J

t m;w s; s ¢ @U h?& vkk s ; | ¢ ; M @U Q mO ?n h?& 7(hK u \ .3 h? g; s J W L ¢ ; M L i| ) & t @U

dl s; v We 5< 8nì G n tiQn 8nì G ¢ n n s; pQ 5n && l s [

p;M %&²

h 3 tiU

ÞhQ ][hk s; % M m( l

pmK sk h 2@[l

h? p; M £b¢ 6 hX p ¢ ; M T @ | [ & )OM l s; @U

7D s ]O ní p;U 7[ 7D ?Q@U 5hhn tiMn p;U

r iU piY 9h[¢ O| D p nU» h I;E piU s; M[ ti[ p Q piU s Q h;l % M % & l sn $? n 5

5Qnl s ¢@U _ 3¢ % ? MQ ] Oi @U OQ@ ;M Li UhS

h?& U ?n l h?& p[[² h [ h?& 7m( ) oKOn ] Oi@U

Il s @U h? ;¢ x sn hY Z;

s nl oKOn 8 piU GXh h

tm T )hnS

pZ g l Q | ¢ ; M L i| | [[² U hJ

pj@i M ; p h? 5R ijw p;U )hnS & h

T@ tiU

[ H n@ Y P )hnJ

s nl oKOn 8 piU X h | T @

5 ;R p Q on Q )M "

Q k@ 7 @ pM p T@ mh pZ g l ê i T@ [l


136

Level 01

Other Writings of the Author (Available at www.mubashirnazir.org)


137

Level 01



138

Level 01



139

Level 01

Arabic Grammar - Level 01 - English Book

Recommend Documents