Quranic Arabic Program Level 1: Basic Arabic Language Muhammad Mubashir Nazir
At end of this level, you will be able to understand the religious Arabic used in the routine life.
www.mubashirnazir.org
Table of Contents
Description
Page
Introduction
3
Level 0
6
Lesson 1: Arabic Alphabets
7
Lesson 2: Half Alphabets
14
Lesson 3: Arabic Vowels
21
Lesson 4: Long Vowels
25
Lesson 5: Two Special Sounds
30
Lesson 6: The Sound Sound of ‘N’ (Tanween) & Some Some Special Characters Characters
34
Lesson 7: Double Letters (Tashdeed)
45
Lesson 8: Read Sentences
52
Lesson 9: Start Writing Arabic
63
Lesson 10: Practice Yourself
64
Level 1: Learn the Basic Arabic Language
65
Lesson 1A: Parts of Speech
66
Lesson 1B: Basic Hymns
70
Lesson 2A: Gender
75
Lesson 2B: The Prayer Lesson 3A: Case
80
90
Lesson 3B: What is Piety? Lesson 4A: Number
92
98
Lesson 4B: Allah, There is no god except Him!
105
113
Lesson 5B: Intentions, Begging & Praising Others
130
Lesson 5A: Pronouns
What’s next?
135
Bibliography
136
Quranic Arabic Program
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Level 01
Introduction Dear Reader: Assalam o alaikum! Thanks for selecting selecting “Quranic Arabic Arabic Program” to learn the Arabic Language. Language. We will take you through a series of lessons. At the end, you will be able to understand the Arabic Language Insha Allah. This program contains an easy approach to learn the Arabic Language. This program covers the language of of Islamic Literature but it is name the “Quranic Arabic Program” because the Quran resides at the central position in this program. People learn Arabic Language due to two reasons: To understand the Quran, the Hadith and classic Arabic Literature; Literature; or to speak and write in the modern modern Arabic to communicate communicate with Arabs. This course is targeted targeted towards the former former objective. Although people people with the second objectives can also get benefit of this program. Due to its systematic nature, Arabic is one of the easiest languages of the world. It has well-defined rules and a developed language structure. If you are familiar with these rules, you can learn this language in a few weeks. To understand understand the Quran and and the Hadith, it is essential essential to learn the Arabic Language Language used in the Quran, the Hadith and the Islamic literature. We will focus on its linguistics, philology and figurative speech.
Study Methodology Study Methodology is very simple. Study one lesson daily. Solve all the exercises provided under “Test Yourself” . Do not read the answers before attempting the questions. Once you solve the exercises, compare your answers with the answers provided to you. In a few weeks, you will find that your Arabic Language skills are improving.
The Boxes Following boxes are provided to you for your ready reference. They contain very important information for you. Rule of the Day
Build Your Personality
Grammar and language rules will be provided in this box.
Objective of our course is not only teaching the Quranic Arabic. We are also concerned about transforming our personalities according to Quranic teachings. This box will provide you the tips for Personality Development.
Do you know?
Facts about the Arabs, their Language, Islamic literature and history will be provided in this box.
Face the Challenge!
Worth Reading
This box will challenge you which will help you in developing your language skills
Links to good articles will be provided in this box.
Quranic Arabic Program
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Level 01
Introduction This program program starts with Level 0. The objective of this level is to learn the Arabic script. If you are already able to read the Arabic script, you can directly start with the Level 1. From Level Level 1, the lessons are divided into two streams. streams. A series deal with the Arabic Grammar. Grammar. Enough exercises are provided to you to learn the Grammar rules. The objective of B Series is to build your vocabulary. Passages from the Quran, the Hadith and selected writings of Arab Arab scholars are provided to you. you. You have to learn the words and styles and then translate the passages into English. You need not to cram these words. The lessons and the exercises are designed in a way that you will automatically learn the grammar rules, words and Arabic styles. This program is not designed to teach you day-to-day conversation in the Arabic language. This program is also not not designed to teach you how to write in Arabic language. But this program program will help you in achieving these two objectives. You need an Arabic speaking environment as well as a teacher to achieve these two objectives. Nevertheless, the program is basically designed to teach you comprehension in the Arabic language.
Ask Your Questions If you are facing difficulty in any lesson, feel free to ask your questions. Send an email at
[email protected]. You can also provide your comments. Scholars of Arabic language are strongly requested to please identify any mistakes in this book. Any constructive criticism will be highly welcomed.
Download Resources Download the resources from www.mubashirnazir.org/Courses/Arabic/Level01/AR000-01-Contents-E.htm The resources include: •
This Book
•
Answer Book
•
In addi additi tion on to to that that,, also also dow downl nloa oad d the the fol follo lowi wing ng::
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Soun Sounds ds for for Les Lesso son n 1, 1, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8 of Leve Levell 0
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Full Quran
•
Ara Arabic Engli nglish sh Dic Dictiona ionary ry
•
Quran En English Di Dictionary
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Quran Ur Urdu Di Dictionary
•
Arabic & Urdu Fonts
Quranic Arabic Program
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Level 01
Introduction
Set-up Your Resources Enable the Arabic Language in your computer. Follow these steps: For Windows Vista Users
•
Open "Regiona "Regionall and and Langua Language ge Options" Options" from Control Control Panel Panel
•
Pres Presss “Key “Keybo boar ards ds and and Lan Langu guag ages es”” tab. tab.
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Pres Presss “Cha “Chang ngee key keyboar boards ds…” …” butt button on
•
Press “Add” button
•
Sele Select ct “Inp “Input ut Lang Langua uage ge:: “Ar “Arab abic ic““
For Windows XP Users
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Open "Regiona "Regionall and and Langua Language ge Options" Options" from Control Control Panel Panel
•
Cho Choose Langua nguag ge tab tab.
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Check Check the "Instal "Installl files for for Complex Complex Script Script and and right-to right-to-lef -leftt languages languages (Includ (Including ing Thai)". Thai)".
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Pre Press App Apply to procee oceed d
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Pre Press Det Details ils bu button tton..
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Press Add button.
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Selec Selectt the “Arab “Arabic ic (Sau (Saudi di Arab Arabia) ia)”” in Input Input Lang Languag uagee drop drop down down list. list.
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Sele Select ct the the def defau ault lt “Ar “Arab abic ic (10 (102) 2)”” keybo keyboar ard. d.
•
Pre Press “OK” OK” and the then n “Ap “App ply”. ly”.
The system may ask you to provide Windows CD during this process. Warning: If you are using an unlicensed version of Windows, it may corrupt.
Download the following resources to continue this program: •
The Holy Quran
•
Arabic Font
•
A Dic Dicti tion onar ary y: Dow Downl nloa oad d the the Sakhr Arabic-English Dictionary and install it in your computer. After that, do the following steps: •
Open Open "Reg "Region ional al and and Lang Languag uagee Opti Option ons" s" from from Cont Control rol Pane Panell
•
In Regional Regional Options Options change change the standard standard format format to to Arabic Arabic (Saudi (Saudi Arabia Arabia), ), and and the location to be Saudi Arabia
•
Press Press the the 'Adva 'Advanced' nced' card (The third card up) and and then then change change the langu language age to Arabic Arabic (Saudi Arabia), then ok and restart your computer.
•
Chec Check k that that Sakh Sakhrr Dict Dictio iona nary ry is work workin ing. g.
•
Go back back to the the Regi Regiona onall Settin Settings gs and and chan change ge the the setti setting ngss to you yourr norma normall settin settings gs..
Quranic Arabic Program
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Level 01
Level 0
Level 0: Learn the Arabic Script
At end of this level, you will be able to read the Arabic script. If you already read the Arabic script, you can directly start with the Level 1 but it will be useful reading boxes in Level 0.
Quranic Arabic Program
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Level 01
Lesson 1: Arabic Alphabets All languages consist of alphabets. Each alphabet is a sound coming out of a specific part of our mouth. These alphabets combine each other to form a word. Different words are arranged in a specific sequence to form sentences and sentences make the speech. Therefore, study of all languages start with the alphabets. Carefully look at the shape of each letter and listen its sound.
Build Your Personality
Make it your habit to start all your tasks by provoking the name of your God.
Arabic has 29 alphabets which are as follows: Letter
Name
Description
Alif
Its sound sound is like ‘A’ as in ‘CAR’. ‘CAR’.
Ba
Equivalent Equivalent to ‘B’ as in ‘BOOK’. It has one dot dot under the dish-like shape.
Ta
Similar to ‘T’ but it is a lighter sound produced produced with the tip of the tongue between the front teeth. It has two dots above the dish-like shape.
Tha
It does not have an exact equivalent in English. It is produced with the tip of the tongue between between the front teeth. It has three three dots above the dish-like shape.
Jeem
Equivalent Equivalent to ‘J’ as in ‘JAPAN’. It has one dot dot inside the duck-like duck-like shape.
Ha
It has no equivalent equivalent in English, but comes closest closest to the ‘H’ sound. It is produced by narrowing the middle of the throat. It has no dot.
Kha
It has no equivalent equivalent in English, but comes closest closest to the ‘KH’ sound as in “KHAN”. It has one dot above the duck-like shape.
Face the Challenge!
Face the Challenge!
Tell the difference between the shape of
Tell the difference between the shape of
.
Note: These These lessons lessons are are based based on the work of Qari Qari Fateh Muhammad Pani Pati.
Quranic Arabic Program
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Level 01
Lesson 1: Arabic Alphabets
Letter
Name
Description
Daal
Similar to ‘D’ but in a lighter sound with the tip of the tongue tongue between the front teeth. teeth. The sound is like ‘TH’ as in ‘THAT’. It has no dot.
Zaal
It has no equivalent equivalent in English. Its sound is like like ‘Z’ produced with the tip of the tongue between the front teeth. It is written by putting one dot above ‘Daal’.
Ra
Equivalent Equivalent to ‘R’ as in ‘ROAD’. It It has no dot.
Za
Equivalent Equivalent to ‘Z’ as in ‘ZIG Zag’. It is written by putting putting a dot above ‘Ra’.
Seen
Equivalent Equivalent to ‘S’ as in ‘SAY’. It has no dot.
Sheen
Equivalent Equivalent to ‘SH’ as in ‘SHALL’. ‘SHALL’. It is written by putting putting three dots above ‘Seen’.
Swaad
It has no exact equivalent equivalent in English. Its sound sound is like ‘S’ by making lips slightly rounded. It has no dot.
Dwaad
It has no exact equivalent equivalent in English. Its sound sound is like ‘D’ by making lips slightly rounded. It is written by putting a dot above ‘Swaad’.
Rule of the Day Alphabets are different sounds produced by different parts of your mouth.
Face the Challenge! Tell the difference between the shape of
. Compare
it with the difference between other letters
Quranic Arabic Program
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Level 01
Lesson 1: Arabic Alphabets
Letter
Name
Description
Twa
It has no exact equivalent equivalent in English. It is produced produced like ‘T’ by touching the tongue tip to the back of the upper teeth, The lips are somewhat rounded. It has no dot.
Zwa
It has no exact equivalent equivalent in English. It is produced produced like ‘Z’ by touching the tongue tip to the back of the upper teeth, The lips are somewhat rounded. It is written by putting a dot above ‘Twa’.
A’in
It has no equivalent in English. It is produced from the middle of the throat. We will denote it by putting an inverted comma after a vowel like A, I or U.
Ghain
It has no equivalent in English. It is produced from the upper part of the throat. Its sound is like that of gargling. We will denote it by ‘GH’. It is written by putting one dot above A’in.
Fa
Equivalent Equivalent to ‘F’ as in ‘FAT’. It has one dot. dot. It is written in a long dish-like shape with round head.
Qaaf
Almost equivalent equivalent to ‘Q’ as in ‘QUICK’. It is produced produced with the back of the tongue touching the back of the mouth. It has two dots. It is written like ‘Fa’ ‘Fa’ but in a round shape.
Kaaf
Equivalent Equivalent to ‘K’ ‘K’ as in ‘KICK’.
Face the Challenge! Tell the difference between the shape of Do you know?
People of different areas speak the same language differently. The difference exists in pronunciation, words, phrases and styles.
Quranic Arabic Program
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Level 01
Lesson 1: Arabic Alphabets
Letter
Name
Description
Laam
Equivalent Equivalent to ‘L’ ‘L’ as in ‘LONG’.
Meem
Equivalent Equivalent to ‘M’ as in ‘MORNING’. ‘MORNING’.
Noon
Equivalent Equivalent to ‘N’ as in ‘NICE’.
Ha
Equivalent Equivalent to ‘H’ as in ‘HOLIDAY’. ‘HOLIDAY’.
Waow
Equivalent Equivalent to ‘W’ as in ‘WINDOW’.
Hamzah
It has no equivalent in English. It is produced with inner part of throat with a small break.
Ya
Equivalent Equivalent to ‘Y’ as in ‘York’.
Face the Challenge! Listen the sounds of
.
What is the difference?
Face the Challenge! Listen the sounds of
. What
is the difference?
Face the Challenge! Listen the sounds of
. What
is the difference?
Quranic Arabic Program
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Level 01
Lesson 1: Arabic Alphabets
Test Yourself Now solve the following exercise. You have to write the name of each alphabet against its name. Along with writing, also pronounce the letter as you have already listened. Each letter contains one mark. After doing the exercise, check the answers with previous pages and then calculate your score. If your score is less than 80%, do the exercise again. Letter
Name
Quranic Arabic Program
Letter
Letter
Name
11
Name
Letter
Name
Level 01
Lesson 1: Arabic Alphabets
Letter
Name
Quranic Arabic Program
Letter
Letter
Name
12
Name
Letter
Name
Level 01
Lesson 1: Arabic Alphabets
Letter
Name
Quranic Arabic Program
Letter
Letter
Name
13
Name
Letter
Name
Level 01
Lesson 2: Half Alphabets As English Alphabets have capital and small letters, most of Arabic Alphabets are written half when joined with other alphabets. Unlike English Alphabets, Arabic alphabets are joined with each other. They are not written in full form. Unlike English, Arabic is written from right-to-left. Read this table from right-to-left. Look at the following tables to recognize the form of alphabets in the beginning, middle or end of each word. We have added a letter
in
Build Your Personality
Meet your God! Performing prayer is not only a physical exercise, it is visiting your Lord.
red color at the start and end of each letter to display different forms of each letter. Original letter is displayed in black color, so concentrate on the black letter. End of the Word
Middle of the Word
| | | | | Quranic Arabic Program
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Start of the Word
Letter
Level 01
Lesson 2: Half Alphabets End of the Word
Middle of the Word
Start of the Word
Letter
Quranic Arabic Program
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Level 01
Lesson 2: Half Alphabets End of the Word
Middle of the Word
Start of the Word
| |
| | |
Letter
Face the Challenge! What happens to
when it is Face the Challenge! joined with other letters? What What are different forms of happens to ? when it is joined with other letters?
Quranic Arabic Program
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Level 01
Lesson 2: Half Alphabets From above, we can derive the following rules: • When letters letters are are joined, joined, they change change their form. form. • The beginnin beginning g letter letter is is usually usually written written in half. half.
Do you know?
• Letters Letters in middle middle of a word word are are also writte written n in half half but they they are joined with their preceding word.
Arabic letters in joining form are compressed and stretched to form an excellent art. See the photo of an artistic masterpiece and identify the alphabets used.
• Letter Letter at the the end of a word word is usually usually written written in full full but but it is joined with its preceding word. • Most of the letters letters are are written written in in half form if if they come in a combination. • Few excep exception tional al letters letters change change their their shape shape when when they come come in a word. These letters are following:
• • • • • •
which can carry a small
as
or
which sometimes changes to
which can come as
which can come as
at end of the word
which can come as
which can come as
Rule of the Day
or
or
or
• Some Some letters letters do not not change change their their form form at at all: They are: are:
• • • • •
Each language is developed by its native people. They follow certain rules in their language. Sometimes, they break a rule. While learning that language, a non-native person has to follow the native people whether they follow a rule or break it. For example, in English, English, ‘but’ is read as ‘batt’ ‘batt’ whereas ‘put’ ‘put’ is read as ‘put’. ‘put’. We have to follow the native people.
Do you know?
A text editor like MS Word can automatically select the half or full form while typing Arabic.
Quranic Arabic Program
17
Level 01
Lesson 2: Half Alphabets
Test Yourself Now solve the following exercise. The table is from right-to-left. Identify the alphabets used in the following words. Each word contains one mark. After doing the exercise, check the answers and calculate your your score. If your score is less less than 80%, do the exercise again.
Letter Used
Word
Letter Used
ه ةه ه Quranic Arabic Program
Word
Letter Used
ة ة ه
Word
ة ة ة
18
Letter Used
Word
ة ة Level 01
Lesson 2: Half Alphabets
Letter Used
Word
Quranic Arabic Program
Letter Used
Letter Used
Word
Word
19
Letter Used
Word
ه Level 01
Lesson 2: Half Alphabets
Letter Used
Word
Quranic Arabic Program
Letter Used
Letter Used
Word
Word
20
Letter Used
Word
Level 01
Lesson 3: Arabic Vowels Dear Reader! Now you know the different forms of Arabic Letters very well. In this lesson, we will discuss the Arabic Vowels. It is an interesting fact that there are some special characters used as
(). Arabic has four vowels named Fathah (), Kasrah ( ), Dhammah () and Jazm (). These vowels are used with other characters. vowels. They are called “I’raab”
Build Your Personality
Develop the sense that your God is monitoring you and you will be accountable for your deeds.
When a vowel is used with a letter, it is said that the letter is carrying that vowel. For example, if the letter, MEEM has a FATHAH, we will say that MEEM is carrying a FATHAH. • The The sou sound nd of Fath Fathah ah is like like ‘U’ ‘U’ as in ‘Bu ‘But’ t’,, ‘O’ ‘O’ as is ‘SOM ‘SOME’ E’,, ‘U’ ‘U’ as in ‘SH ‘SHUT UT’, ’, ‘U’ ‘U’ as in ‘CUT’. It is written as a small bar over its carrying letter as in
. While writing Arabic
words in English, we will denote it by ‘A’.
• The The sou sound nd of Kasr Kasrah ah is like like ‘I’ ‘I’ as in ‘IN’ ‘IN’,, ‘I’ ‘I’ as in ‘DIS ‘DISCU CUSS SS’, ’, ‘I’ ‘I’ as in ‘IT’ ‘IT’ or ‘E’ ‘E’ as in ‘ENABLE’. It is written as a small bar under its carrying letter as in
. While writing
Arabic words in English, we will denote it by ‘I’.
• The sound sound of Dhammah Dhammah is produ produced ced by roun round d the lips. lips. Its sound sound is like ‘U’ as in in ‘PUT’, ‘PUT’, ‘U’ as in ‘BULL’, ‘U’ as in ‘PULL’. ‘PULL’. It is written by a diagonal 9-like shape shape written on its carrying letter as in
. While writing Arabic words in English, we will w ill denote it by ‘U’.
• When a letter letter carrie carriess a Jazm, Jazm, that that letter letter is is silent. silent. Its Its sound sound will be be like ‘T’ as in ‘PUT’, ‘PUT’, ‘S’ as in ‘DISK’ ‘DISK’ etc. It is written written as
or simply without without writing anything anything on the letter. Jazm is not
allowed on the first first letter of a word. word. It can come on subsequent letters. We have written
somewhere and omitted in at many occasions to display the both options. Do you know?
Rule of the Day
Many people do not pronounce certain letters correctly. For example, most of Egyptians cannot pronounce correctly, some Arab tribes
Unlike other languages, Arabic words also contain a vowel at the end. As a result, there are certain rules in Arabic to join a word with the next one.
do not pronounce , Pakistanis & Indians do not pronounce and , Indonesians do not pronounce . There are certain people who are trained to recite the Quran correctly. They are called called “Qaree “Qaree (Reciter) (Reciter)”. ”.
Quranic Arabic Program
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Face the Challenge! Type Arabic letters (if you can) and try to put all four vowels over them by computer.
Level 01
Lesson 3: Arabic Vowels Read the table from right-to-left. Also download the sounds and listen. The sounds are also written in English. As you you have learnt that a letter carrying carrying a Jazm cannot come at start of a word, therefore, therefore, we have added added a letter ‘Ba’ is written before the original letter to to produce the Jazm sound. It It is written in red color. You have to concentrate on black letters. With Jazm
ba bab ba b batt ba bath ba th ba j bah ba h
With Dhammah
uu bu tu thu ju hu
With Kasrah
ii
|
With Fathah
aa
|
bi
ba
ti
ta
thi
tha
ji
ja
hi
ha
bakh ba kh
khu
khi
kha
bad ba d
du
di
da
badh ba dh
dhu
dhi
dha
barr ba
ru
ri
ra
zi
za
bazz ba bass ba bash ba sh basw
zu su shu swu
Quranic Arabic Program
si
sa
shi
sha
swi
swa
22
Letter
Level 01
Lesson 3: Arabic Vowels
With Jazm
ba ba ba ba ba ba ba ba ba ba ba ba ba ba
With Dhammah
badw
dwu
tw
twu
zw
zwu
a’
With Kasrah
dwi
With Fathah
dwa
twi
twa
zwi
zwa
a’u
a’I
a’a
gh
ghu
ghi
gha
f
fu
fi
fa
q
qu
k
ku
l
lu
m
mu
mi
ma
n
nu
ni
na
h
hu
hi
ha
au
ii
aa
u
wu
wi
wa
i
yu
yi
ya
a
Quranic Arabic Program
qi ki li
23
qa ka la
Letter
Level 01
Lesson 3: Arabic Vowels
Test Yourself Try to read the following words. Write these words in English. Focus on all four vowels.
Word
Word
Quranic Arabic Program
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Word
Level 01
Lesson 4: Long Vowels Dear Reader! You are now now aware about about four vowels vowels or I’raab I’raab of Arabic i.e. Fathah, Fathah, Kasrah, Dhammah Dhammah and Jazm. Sometimes, the sound of first three vowels becomes long. It is like using ‘OO’ as in ‘FOOL’. ‘FOOL’. Jazm Jazm cannot cannot be stretched stretched long. long. Arabs Arabs have developed special characters for these long vowels. Like short vowels, long vowels also are also carried by alphabets. These vowels are called long fathah, long kasrah and long dhammah.
Build Your Personality Backbiting involves discussing other’s weaknesses in his / her absence. Quran describes it as heinous as eating the flesh of your dead brother.
• The sound sound of Long Long Fathah Fathah is like like ‘AA’ ‘AA’ as in ‘BAAN’. ‘BAAN’. It is written written as a small small vertical vertical bar bar over its carrying letter as in
. Another way to write a long vowel is writing an Alif after the
letter carrying carrying a short Fathah Fathah e.g.
While writing Arabic words in English, we will denote
it by ‘AA’.
• The sound sound of Long Long Kasra Kasrah h is like like ‘EE’ ‘EE’ as in ‘FEET’. ‘FEET’. It It is written written as a small small vertic vertical al bar bar under under
its carrying letter as in |
. The alternate way to write write the long kasrah kasrah is to write a silent
after letter carrying a short Kasrah e.g.
. While writing Arabic words in English, we will
denote it by ‘EE’.
• The The soun sound d of of Long Long Dhamm Dhammah ah is like like ‘OO’ ‘OO’ as in ‘SHOO ‘SHOOT’ T’,, ‘UI’ ‘UI’ as in ‘FRUI ‘FRUIT’, T’, ‘OO’ ‘OO’ as in ‘BOOT’. It is written by a single inverted commas, diagonal 6-like shape written on its carrying letter as in
‘. The alternate way to write the the long kasrah is to write a silent after
the letter letter carrying carrying short short dhammah dhammah e.g.
. While writing Arabic words in English, we will
denote it by ‘OO’.
Rule of the Day The sound of long vowels is stretched double as compared to short vowels.
Face the Challenge! Try to write all three long vowels on the words. Also try alternative styles to write the long vowels.
Worth Reading
Personality Development Program. A series of tools to develop your personality. http://www.mubashirnazir.o http://www.mu bashirnazir.org/PD/Pers rg/PD/Personalityeng onalityenglish.htm lish.htm
Quranic Arabic Program
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Level 01
Lesson 4: Long Vowels Read the table from right-to-left. Also download the sounds and listen. The sounds are also written in English. English. As you have already learnt that a letter carrying a Jazm cannot be stretched, so we are not including it here.
With Dhammah
| ‘ | ‘ | ‘ | ‘ | ‘ | ‘ | ‘ | ‘ | ‘
Uoo Boo Too Thoo Joo Hoo Khoo Doo Dhoo
With Kasrah
With Fathah
| | | | | | | | |
Eee Bee Tee Thee Jee Hee Khee Dee
Dhee
|
|
|
Aaa Baa Taa
|
Thaa
|
Jaa
|
Haa
|
Khaa
|
Daa
|
| | | | | | | | |
Dhaa
Letter
Do you know?
All languages change over a long period of time. New words and styles are added. Some old words and styles become obsolete. Common Arabic is not an exception to this rule. The distinguishing feature of Arabic is that the language of 1400 years ago is still alive. The Quran is recited everywhere. Its words are used in day-to-day conversation. Muslims have preserved the poetry and prose of the period in which the Quran was revealed in order to preserve the Quranic Arabic. Any Arab or Non-Arab having a good literary sense sense can become an expert in the Quranic Arabic.
Quranic Arabic Program
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Level 01
Lesson 4: Long Vowels
With Dhammah
Roo Zoo Soo Shoo Swoo Dwoo Twoo Zwoo A’oo Ghoo Foo Qoo Koo Koo
| ‘ | ‘ | ‘ | ‘ | ‘ | ‘ | ‘ | ‘ | ‘ | ‘ | ‘ | ‘ | ‘ | ‘
Quranic Arabic Program
With Kasrah
Ree Zee See Shee Swee Dwee
With Fathah
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Raa
|
Zaa
|
Saa
|
Shaa
|
Swaa
|
Dwaa
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Twee
|
Twaa
Zwee
|
Zwaa
A’ee
|
Ghee Fee Qee Kee
|
|
|
|
Kee
|
27
A’aa
Ghaa Faa Qaa Kaa Kaa
Letter
Level 01
Lesson 4: Long Vowels
With Dhammah
Moo Noo Woo Hoo Uoo Yoo
| | | | | |
With Kasrah
Mee Nee Wee Hee Aee Yee
With Fathah
| | | | | | |
|
|
Maa Naa
|
Waa
|
Haa
|
Aaa Yaa
Letter
| | | | | |
Test Yourself Try to read the following words. Write these words in English. Focus on all four vowels. Word
Word
‘ |
|
Quranic Arabic Program
|
28
Level 01
Lesson 4: Long Vowels
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
Word
29
Level 01
Lesson 5: Two Special Sounds Dear Reader! In previous lessons, you have learnt the use of short and long vowels. Long vowels were three i.e. two letters
Build Your Personality
. The
Being envious or jealous kills a person. An envious person does not harm anyone except him.
are used in another special form of
vowels. If the letter before either of these two letters, carries a fathah, a special sound is generated.
• The sound of coming coming after after a letter letter carry carrying ing fathah fathah is like ‘OU’ ‘OU’ as in ‘SOUND’ ‘SOUND’,, ‘OW’ as in ‘BOWL’, ‘OU’ as in ‘SCOUT’. ‘SCOUT’. On the contrary, if the letter before
carries a dhammah, it
becomes a long vowel producing producing a sound sound like ‘OO’ as in ‘FOOT’, ‘FOOT’, ‘OO’ ‘OO’ as in ‘SHOOT’. ‘SHOOT’. While writing Arabic words in English, we will denote it by ‘AU’.
• The sound of
coming after after a letter carrying carrying fathah is like ‘I’ as in ‘SITE’, ‘IE’ ‘IE’ as in ‘DIET’,
‘I’ in ‘GRIND’. ‘GRIND’. On the contrary, contrary, if the letter before before
carries a kasrah, it becomes a long
vowel producing producing a sound like ‘EE’ as in ‘FEET’, ‘FEET’, ‘EE’ ‘EE’ as in ‘SHEET’. ‘SHEET’. While writing Arabic words in English, we will denote it by ‘AE’.
Rule of the Day Face the Challenge!
Sometimes, native people do not follow rule. It is called called ‘Shaz’ or ‘Exception’. ‘Exception’. In Arabic, it is very rare. A rule has only one or two exceptions whereas in English, number of exceptions is too high.
Try to use these two letters by placing differ different ent letters letters carryi carrying ng a fathah fathah on them.
Do you know?
The language to read the Quran is standard around the globe. Arabs in different regions speak Arabic in different ways. They have different pronunciation, different vocabulary, different styles etc. But while reciting the Quran, all of them read it in a standard way. Muslims from other countries also learn the standard accent to recite the Quran in the standard accent.
Quranic Arabic Program
30
Level 01
Lesson 5: Two Special Sounds Read the table from right-to-left. Also download the sounds and listen. The sounds are also written in English.
With Aae Bae Tae
With
Aau Bau Tau
Thae
Thau
Jae
Jau
Hae Khae Dae Dhae Rae Zae Sae Shae Swae
Quranic Arabic Program
Hau
Khau Dau
Dhau Rau Zau Sau
Shau Swau
31
Letter
Level 01
Lesson 5: Two Special Sounds
With
With
Quranic Arabic Program
32
Letter
Level 01
Lesson 5: Two Special Sounds
Test Yourself Try to read the following words. Write these words in English. Focus on all four vowels.
Word
Word
Worth Reading
Treasure’s Treasure’s Map: A treasure is available to all of us and and we are in search of it. How to find it. Read this article at http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE01-0005-Treasure.htm
Quranic Arabic Program
33
Level 01
Lesson 6: The Sound Sound of ‘N’ (Tanween) & Some Some Special Characters Dear Reader! In this lesson, we will introduce a special sound. By default, Arabic Nouns end at a sound sound of ‘N’ ‘N’ or
. This
is not written. written. It It is denoted denoted by double fathah fathah bars,
double kasrah kasrah bars and double double dhammah. dhammah. • Doub ouble Fatha thah
Build Your Personality Focusing on minor religious issues and ignoring major religious commandments is an unbalanced attitude which must be avoided.
produces produces a sound sound like like ‘NE’ ‘NE’ as in ‘DONE’, ‘DONE’, ‘UN’ ‘UN’ as in ‘SHUN’, ‘SHUN’, ‘ON’ ‘ON’ as in ‘TON’ ‘TON’..
While writing Arabic words in English, we will denote it by ‘EN’. An Alif Alif is added added after after double double fathah.
• Doub ouble Kasr Kasraah
produces a sound sound like ‘IN’ as in ‘BIN’, ‘IN’ ‘IN’ as in ‘TIN’. While writing Arabic words
in English, we will denote it by ‘IN’.
• Doub ouble Dham hamma
‘’
or
produces a sound like ‘UN’. While writing Arabic words in English, we
will denote it by ‘UN’.
Face the Challenge!
Some Special Characters
Try to to use three three form formss of tanween tanween by placing it at three or four letters.
Arabic also has some letters which are as follows:
• •
|
: It sounds like . There is a small shock in the voice
is long. If there is a
• •
~
: It sounds sounds like double alif i.e. ‘Aaa’.
or a silent letter after it, the sound becomes very long e.g. five times long.
: is in a round format. Its sound is like and
is called “Maddah”. When it is carried by any letter, its sounds
but if it is silent, it sounds like .
have the same sound. sound. In Arabic, an Alif is always considered silent. silent. It is not possible to have any
movement on it. If there is a movement on an Alif, it is not a real Alif, it is a Hamzah. In the books publishe published d in Arab countries countries,, a Hamzah Hamzah with fathah fathah or dhamma dhammah h is sometin sometines es written written as
and that with
kasrah kasrah is writte written n as . If there there is a tanween before Alif, Alif, the Alif will be silent. silent. If a Silent Alif is at the beginning of the first word of a sentence, it will give sound, otherwise it will be silent and the last letter of its previous word word will be directly joined joined with the letter coming after it. It is called a “Hamzah Wasli”
•
|
.
: Sometimes, a
Alif. The
without two dots is written at end of a word but it is silent. It sounds like an
with two dots is read as normal. For example,
will be pronounced as “A’la” while
will be pronounced as “A’li”.
Quranic Arabic Program
34
Level 01
Lesson 6: The Sound Sound of ‘N’ (Tanween) & Some Some Special Characters Read the table from right-to-left. Also download the sounds and listen. The sounds are also written in English.
With Dhammah Un Bun Tun Thun Jun Hun
Khun Dun Dhun Run Zun Sun Shun Swun
Quranic Arabic Program
With Kasrah In Bin Tin Thin Jin Hin Khin Din
With Fathah En Ben Ten Then Jen Hen Khen Den
Dhin
Dhen
Rin
Ren
Zin Sin Shin Swin
35
Zen Sen Shen Swen
Letter
Level 01
Lesson 6: The Sound Sound of ‘N’ (Tanween) & Some Some Special Characters
With Dhammah Dwun Twun Zwun U’n Ghun Fun Qun Kun Lun Mun Nun Wun Hun Un Yun
Quranic Arabic Program
With Kasrah Dwin
With Fathah Dwen
Twin
Twen
Zwin
Zwen
I’n
E’n
Ghin
Ghen
Fin
Fen
Qin Kin Lin
Qen Ken Len
Min
Men
Nin
Nen
Win
Wen
Hin
Hen
In
En
Yin
36
Yen
Letter
Level 01
Lesson 6: The Sound Sound of ‘N’ (Tanween) & Some Some Special Characters
Test Yourself Now solve the following exercise. The table is from right-to-left. Some vowels may not be displayed by the computer. Use your judgment at such occasions. Read the following words. Each word contains contains one one mark. After doing the exercise, exercise, check the the answers by listening and calculate your score. If your score is less than 80%, do the exercise again.
is like Alif
Word
Word
ة
ة
Rule of the Day Majority Majority of Arabic nouns nouns have a tanween by default.
Quranic Arabic Program
37
Level 01
Lesson 6: The Sound Sound of ‘N’ (Tanween) & Some Some Special Characters
Word
is silent is like Alif
Word
ة |
ة ة
is silent is silent
Do you know?
The Quran is the only book in the world which is memorized by millions of people. Almost every Muslim memorizes some parts of the Quran to recite it in his / her prayer. There are people who memorize the complete Quran. They are called Haafizw
Quranic Arabic Program
38
.
Level 01
Lesson 6: The Sound Sound of ‘N’ (Tanween) & Some Some Special Characters
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
Word
‘
‘ 39
Level 01
Lesson 6: The Sound Sound of ‘N’ (Tanween) & Some Some Special Characters
Letter Used
Word
Letter Used
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
40
Level 01
Lesson 6: The Sound Sound of ‘N’ (Tanween) & Some Some Special Characters
Letter Used
Word
Letter Used
‘ Quranic Arabic Program
Word
41
Level 01
Lesson 6: The Sound Sound of ‘N’ (Tanween) & Some Some Special Characters
Letter Used
Word
Letter Used
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
42
Level 01
Lesson 6: The Sound Sound of ‘N’ (Tanween) & Some Some Special Characters
Letter Used
Word
Letter Used
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
43
Level 01
Lesson 6: The Sound Sound of ‘N’ (Tanween) & Some Some Special Characters
Letter Used
An exception, “Majreyha”
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
Letter Used
Word
|
44
Level 01
Lesson 7: Double Letters (Tashdeed) Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
Sometimes, a letter comes twice in a word. In Arabic
Ostentation is doing some good deeds with an intention to show others. The good deeds with ostentation are not acceptable by God.
script, instead of writing that letter twice, it is written once
and a symbol “Tashdeed”.
is placed over the letter. It is called
These letters are pronounced by pressing
your voice.
Face the Challenge!
Some Rules about Tashdeed
Try to comb combine ine fath fathah, ah, kasra kasrah h & dhammah dhammah with tasheed. tasheed.
Arabic also has some letters which are as follows: •
The sound of of Me Meem
and Noon
is produced from inner part of your nose, if they carry a
tashdeed. •
The sound of Ra
and Laam
is produced produced with full full mouth, if if it carries a tashdeed with
fathah fathah or dhammah dhammah.. •
Some Someti tim mes, es, two two lett letter erss alif alif and and laam laam letter after
, then the
are added added before a word. If there is a tashdeed tashdeed on a
is ignored and sound is directly attached to the next letter. It is in
case of 14 14 alphabets. alphabets. They are called “Huroof “Huroof Shamsi”. Shamsi”. For example, example,
pronounced as •
will be
.
In case case of of other other 14 14 alphabe alphabets, ts, is clearly clearly prono pronounce unced. d. They They are are called called “Huro “Huroof of Qamari”. Qamari”. For For example,
will be pronounced without any merger as
. The detail of these letters is
as follows:
Shamsi Qamari
Do you know?
The Quran is neither poetry nor prose. It has its own style. Quranic recitation is a separate art. It generates excellent excellent acoustics. Some people make it as their full time career. Many people listen Quranic Recitation instead of listening music. These reciters are called “Qaaree”.
Quranic Arabic Program
45
Level 01
Lesson 7: Double Letters (Tashdeed) Read the table from right-to-left. Also download the sounds and listen. The sounds are also
written in English. We are adding a in the beginning to produce tashdeed.
With Dhammah
With Kasrah
With Fathah
No tasheed
No tasheed
No tasheed
Abbu Attu Aththu Ajju Ahhu
Abbi Atti Aththi Ajji Ahhi
Abba Atta Aththa Ajja Ahha
Akhkhu
Akhkhi
Akhkha
Addu
Addi
Adda
Adhdhu
Adhdhii
Adhdha
Arru
Arri
Arra
Azzu Assu Ashshu
Aswswu
Quranic Arabic Program
Azzi Assi Ashshi
Aswswi
46
Azza Assa Ashsha
Aswswa
Letter
Level 01
Lesson 7: Double Letters (Tashdeed)
With Dhammah
With Kasrah
With Fathah
Adwdwu
Adwdwi
Adwdwa
Atwtwu
Atwtwi
Atwtwa
Azwzwu
Azwzwi
Azwzwa
A’’u
A’’i
A’’a
Aghghu
Aghghi
Affu
Affi
Aqqu Akku Allu
Aqqi Akki Alli
Aghgha Affa Aqqa Akka Alla
Ammu
Ammi
Amma
Annu
Anni
Anna
Awwu
Awwi
Awwa
Ahhu
Ahhi
Ahha
Aaau Ayyu
Quranic Arabic Program
Aaei Ayyi
47
Aaaa Ayya
Letter
Level 01
Lesson 7: Double Letters (Tashdeed)
Test Yourself Now solve the following exercise. The table is from right-to-left. Some vowels may not be displayed by the computer. Use your judgment at such occasions. Read the following words. Each word contains contains one one mark. After doing the exercise, exercise, check the the answers by listening and calculate your score. If your score is less than 80%, do the exercise again. Word
Word
tashdeed with fathah, fathah, both are written written above the letter Rule of the Day: Note that in case of tashdeed but fathah fathah is above above tashdeed. tashdeed. In case of tashdeed tashdeed with kasrah, kasrah, both both are written written above above the letter but kasrah is under the tashdeed. In the Arabic books published in India India & Pakistan, the kasrah is written written below the letter. letter.
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Level 01
Lesson 7: Double Letters (Tashdeed)
Word
Word
Do you know?
Like English, English, Arabic is also written written in many fonts. In some some fonts, tashdeed tashdeed with kasrah is written in a style style that the tashdeed tashdeed is above the letter letter whereas kasrah kasrah is under the letter. In Times New Roman, tashdeed tashdeed and kasrah kasrah both are written written above the letter.
Quranic Arabic Program
49
Level 01
Lesson 7: Double Letters (Tashdeed)
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
Word
50
Level 01
Lesson 7: Double Letters (Tashdeed)
Word
Word
Rule of the Day
If there there is a tashdeed after the long long alif , its sound becomes 5 times longer.
Quranic Arabic Program
51
Level 01
Lesson 8: Read Sentences Dear Reader! Congratulations! Now you can read most of the words used in
Build Your Personality
Quranic Arabic. It is the time to start reading sentences. Like all
Inheritance Law is defined by the Quran. Those who do not give the women their share trespass the limits imposed by Allah.
other languages, Arabic sentence is a combination of words. Each word in a sentence is pronounced as it were single. But unlike other languages, there are some rules in Arabic to join words with each other. It is not in case of all words.
Rules about Joining Words •
Some Someti time mes, s, two two let lette ters rs alif alif and and laa laam m
are added before a word. If that word is the first word in a
sentence, we will will assume that that there is a fathah fathah on . For example,
will be read read as Al-Fat Al-Fath. h. Alif is
considered considered silent in all cases. If If it is appearing at start of a sentence, some movement movement is used over it, otherwise it is always always silent. If an Alif carries a movement, movement, it is considered considered a Hamzah. It is written
in
case of a fathah or a dhammah. dhammah. In case case of a kasrah, it is writtten as . •
If a word with
is in middle or end of a sentence,
directly joined with
. For example
will be ignored and the previous word will be
will be read as Minal-Fath.
•
Two silent silent words words cannot cannot be be read. read. In that that case, case, the first first one one will be given given a move movemen ment. t.
•
If th there is is a silent
or tanween tanween at the end of of a word, in some some cases, it it will be merged merged with the first letter
of next word. The rules are as follows: •
If the the fir first st lett letter er of next next word word afte afterr a sile silent nt silent
the
will be merged in them with a sound produced by inner part of your nose. See the
examples:
(Main-Yaqnut (Main-Yaqnut not Man Yaqnut),
(Miun (Miun Walad Waladin in not not Min Waladi Waladin), n), (Mirrabbika (Mirrabbika not Min Rabbika), Rabbika), can call them •
is one of these four letters
(Mimmaa (Mimmaa not Min Maa), Maa),
(Minnutfatin (Minnutfatin not Min Nutfatin). Nutfatin).
(Milladunka (Milladunka not Min Ladunka). Ladunka). For memorizing, memorizing, you
.
If the the fir first st let lette terr of of nex nextt wor word d aft after er a sil silen entt
Quranic Arabic Program
52
is any other letter, the silent
will not be merged.
Level 01
Lesson 8: Read Sentences
Rules about Joining Words •
If there there is a tanv tanvee een n at the end end of of a word word and and there there is an an
at the start of the next word, it will be read as
(A’a (A’ada da Nila Nilaula ulaaa not not
A’aadan Alaulaa). In the Arabic books published published in India & Pakistan, usually a small
is place between
in the example:
(Luma (Lumazat zatii Nillaz Nillazii not Lumazat Lumazatin in Allazi Allazi), ),
such words to denote this change. So the words are written as not placed in case of books published in the Arab countries. •
If ther theree is tanv tanvee een n or a sile silent nt
at the end of a word and there is a
will be converted into . For example •
will be Ya’maloooooon,
silent. There is a
will be be read as as Mim Ba’di Ba’di not Min Ba’di. Ba’di.
of will be very long. For instance
while it is
at the start of the next word, the
The last letter letter of the last word word of a sentence sentence will be silent. silent. If there there is an an of the last word, the sound
•
,
just before the last letter will be Al-Rahmaaaaan,
will be Al-A’alameeeeen. Al-A’alameeeeen. In this case, the last letter is made
(without dots) placed at the end of a word. It is read as . If the word is joined with some
other word, it is written as e.g.
etc. It is called “Alif Maqsoorah”. Maqsoorah”.
Listen and Practice! Now listen the following passages of the Holy Quran again and again while keeping the written text in front of you and observe the rules mentioned above. After listening, recite yourself. Try to memorize these passages.
(3) (2) (1) (5) (4) (7) (6) Quranic Arabic Program
53
Level 01
Lesson 8: Read Sentences
(3) (2) (1) (5) (4) (7) (6) (10) (9) (8) (11)
(2) (1) (5) (4) (3) (8) (7) (6) Worth Reading
How to get rid of Poverty? Read this article at http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0004-Poverty.htm
Quranic Arabic Program
54
Level 01
Lesson 8: Read Sentences
(3) (2) (1) (5) (4) (6) (8) (7)
(2) (1) (5) (4) (3) (8) (7) (6) (10) (9) (13) (12) (11) (15) (14) (18) (17) (16) (19) Quranic Arabic Program
55
Level 01
Lesson 8: Read Sentences
(2) (1) (3) (5) (4)
(3) (2) (1) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) Quranic Arabic Program
56
Level 01
Lesson 8: Read Sentences
(2) (1) (5) (4) (3) (6) (8) (7)
(3) (2) (1) (6) (5) (4) (8) (7) (10) (9) (11)
Quranic Arabic Program
57
Level 01
Lesson 8: Read Sentences
(3) (2) (1) (5) (4) (8) (7) (6) (11) (10) (9)
(3) (2) (1) (6) (5) (4) (8) (7) Do you know?
There are some differences in the Arabic Scripts used in the Indian Sub-Continent (South Asia) and that used in the Arab Countries (Middle East). Some of them are as follows: • In the Middle Middle East, East, the Hamzah Hamzah with with Fatha Fathah h or Kasr Kasrah ah is writ written ten as is written as
“ ”
. For example, in the Middle Eastern script
Asian script, it will be
“ ”
while that in South Asia
while in the South
.
• In South South Asia, Asia, straig straight ht fatha fatha & kasrah kasrah and rever reversed sed dhamma dhamma is used used while in the the Middle Middle East, East, it is
not used. For example, in South Asia, words
are written in this format
while in the Middle East, they are written as
• The The symbo symboll of sile silence nce in in the South South Asia Asia is
Quranic Arabic Program
.
while that in the Arab Countries is
58
“”
.
Level 01
Lesson 8: Read Sentences
(2) (1) (3)
(2) (1) (5) (4) (3) (8) (7) (6) (9)
(1) (3) (2) (5) (4) Quranic Arabic Program
59
Level 01
Lesson 8: Read Sentences
(2) (1) (4) (3)
(2) (1) (4) (3) (7) (6) (5)
(2) (1) (3) Quranic Arabic Program
60
Level 01
Lesson 8: Read Sentences
(2) (1) (5) (4) (3) (6)
(1) (3) (2)
(2) (1) (4) (3) (5) Quranic Arabic Program
61
Level 01
Lesson 8: Read Sentences
(3) (2) (1) (4)
(2) (1) (5) (4) (3)
(3) (2) (1) (5) (4) (6) Quranic Arabic Program
62
Level 01
Lesson 9: Start Writing Arabic Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
Congratulations! Now you can read many sentences of
The Quran asks us to be just and fair in our dealings. While dealing with other people, always ask yourself whether you have dealt fairly and justly?
Arabic language. language. This is the time to start writing w riting in Arabic language. The Microsoft Arabic Keyboard is as follows:
1
2
3
4 5 6 7 8 Space
9
0 = < \ Enter Shift
With Shift
! @ # $ [ ] ~ { }
• •
%
^ ’
& ‘ ,
* ÷ .
( ) _ + <× > < | / : ” Enter Shift
Space
. Also type with your pointing finger. Keep Keep your our rig right ht-h -han and d fin finge gers rs at . Use your pointing finger to type . Type with Keep Keep your our left left-h -han and d fin finge gers rs at
your little finger. •
Now start start your your typing typing with with the the middle middle line. line.
•
Keep your your finger fingerss at the the middle middle line and and try try to type the upper upper line. line.
•
Keep your your finger fingerss at the the middle middle line and and try try to type the lower line.
•
Once your your finger fingerss are familia familiarr with each each letter letter,, start typing typing the the letters letters in an an alphabet alphabetical ical order.
•
Start Start typing typing differe different nt Arabic Arabic words words used used in this this book book and and then start typing typing passage passages. s.
Quranic Arabic Program
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Level 01
Lesson 10: Practice Yourself Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
This is the last lesson regarding reading the Arabic script. After that, you will start learning the Arabic language. To
Try to develop the love of Allah. Think about His blessings e.g. air, water, eyes, hands etc. and be thankful to Him.
improve your Arabic reading skills, do the following: •
Down Downlo load ad the the Holy Holy Qura Quran. n.
•
Download Download the the complete complete recitatio recitation n of the Holy Holy Quran Quran along along with with English English Trans Translatio lation. n. Recitations of many reciters are available on the internet. Simply search ‘Quran Recitation with English’ English’ on any search search engine and you will find many many recitations. You can select select the recitation of your favorite Qaaree.
•
Daily listen listen a passage passage of the Holy Quran Quran along with read reading ing the the text. text. After After that, that, recite recite it yourself. Then listen again that passage. It will rectify your mistakes and improve your reading skills. Do you know?
The art of reciting the Holy Quran is called
. Reciting it according
to the defined rules in correct pronunciation is called
. This
course provides you only the fundamentals of Tajweed. If you want to learn more, listen more and more recitation and join a class conducted by an expert Qaaree.
Rule of the Day The Quran was not revealed with an objective of reciting without understanding. It is obligatory on the Muslims to understand the Quran which is the last version of the Guidance provided to us by the Almighty Allah. Continue to next levels of this course to learn the Quranic Language.
Do you know?
Quranic Translation is a human work which may be subject to the element of human error. Learn the Quranic Arabic yourself so that you can differentiate between the right and the wrong translations of the Holy Quran.
Quranic Arabic Program
64
Level 01
Level 01
Level 1: Learn the Basic Arabic Language
At end of this level, you will be able to understand the religious Arabic used in the routine life.
Quranic Arabic Program
65
Level 01
Lesson 1A: Parts of Speech Dear Reader! All languages have certain rules. Languages are developed by its native people. Based on their speech, experts of grammar derive the language rules. Language always precede the rules. It never happened that a nation decided its rules first and then developed a language.
Build Your Personality
Love the creatures of Allah because Allah also loves His creatures. Do not tease any human being or a living organism.
Arabic is not an exception. Arabic has well-defined rules which are applied consistently to all of its words and sentences. As you will see in next levels that these rules are so established that a spread sheet program can automatically derive hundreds of word from a single word. Al-Hamdulillah Al-Hamdulillah you are now able to read read the Arabic sentences. sentences. From this part, part, we are starting the Arabic language. We shall work in two dimensions i.e. the Grammar and the Language. We shall discuss the grammar in the A series. The language will be discussed in the B Series. This is a modern technique of learning the Arabic language. The exercises are designed in a manner that you will automatically learn the language by solving these exercises. This lesson belongs to the A Series, therefore, we are starting with the fundamentals of Arabic Grammar.
Sarf Sarf & Nah Nahv v
( )
Arabic grammar is divided into two parts i.e.
deriving words words and . Sarf contains the rules for deriving
from a single source word word whereas Nahv consists of the rules rules for structuring sentences. sentences. The concepts from both areas are arranged in an easy-to-complex sequence. Our study methodology is ‘learn through practice’. We do not insist on memorizing the rules. We focus on practicing the rules which automatically results in learning the rules.
Arabic Parts of Speech In Arabic, a word is called
or which can be classified under three basic parts of speech i.e.
nouns, verbs and other words.
(): Noun is the name of a person, thing, city, etc. For example etc. • Verb (): Verb describes an act of doing something. For example (blessing be upon), (He ate), (He drank) etc. • Other Words (): These words join nouns and verbs. For example (with), (for), (from), (except) etc. to describe these Instead of using English terms, we will use the Arabic terms i.e. • Noun
terms. We are providing a diagram depicting different types of these parts of speech. Next lessons will be based on this classification.
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66
Level 01
Lesson 1A: Parts of Speech
Test Yourself Read each word in the following table and classify them to
. Freely consult the
vocabulary table.
Category
Word
Category
(I seek refuge)
(with) (from) (Satan) (Damned)
(Name) (Beneficent) (Eternally Merciful)
Word
(Great) (Exalted)
(The) (Praise)
(for) (No)
(god) (except)
(One)
(and) (Self-Sufficient)
(on, upon) (Progeny, followers)
Quranic Arabic Program
69
(Prophet) (associate)
(your, you) (O Allah!) (Bless!)
Level 01
Lesson 1B: Basic Hymns Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
In B Series, we shall provide you a series of Arabic sentences. You have to translate them into English. Vocabulary sheet is provided below. Arabic sentences are provided on the next pages.
Suspicion is forbidden by the Almighty Allah. It develops a negative personality. Avoid suspicion.
Rule of the Day In almost all languages, each non-living item is considered either male or female.
Explanation
Word
Allah, the Arabic name of God
The greatest, the biggest, the magnificent Free from immorality and all types of physical and moral filths These two letters are added to a noun at the beginning in order to specify it. It is a synonym of English word ‘THE’
means means ‘the’ ‘the’ and
means praise and thanks. Meanings
of this phrase are ‘the praise’. These are also two words.
means means ‘for’ ‘for’ and
is the
Arabic name of God. Meanings of this phrase are ‘for Allah’. No, not
A god, a superior being
Except
Muhammad, the last Prophet of God.
Quranic Arabic Program
70
Level 01
Lesson 1B: Basic Hymns
Explanation
Word
Prophet, Messenger
Partner, an equivalent entity These are two words. As discussed above
means ‘for and
means you. Overall meanings ‘for you’.
I seek refuge, I seek protection These are two words.
means ‘with’ or ‘from’. ‘from’. Overall
meaning ‘from God’. From Two words i.e.
as discussed discussed ‘the’ ‘the’ and
means
‘Satan’. Overall meaning ‘The Satan’. The entity who spreads evil. Two words i.e.
means means ‘the’ ‘the’ and
means ‘rejected
one’. Overall meaning ‘the rejected one’. Two words i.e.
means means ‘with’ or ‘from’, ‘from’,
means
‘name’. Overall Overall meaning ‘with name’ name’ or ‘in the name’. Two words i.e.
and
. Rahmaan Rahmaan is a name name of God
which means ‘beneficent, gracious, kind, loving, caring’. Two words ie.
and
. Raheem is another name of God
which means ‘eternally merciful’. One
Face the Challenge!
Do you know?
in Arabic?
What is the use of
Quranic Arabic Program
Quran is not only the Book of Guidance. It is also the benchmark for the Arabic language.
71
Level 01
Lesson 1B: Basic Hymns
Explanation
Word
And Again two words.
you already know.
means an
entity who is eternally independent from everything. O Allah!, O God!
Bestow your blessings
On
The progeny, this word is also used for the followers. These are three words. ‘prai ‘praise se’’ and and
means means ‘with’ or ‘from’. ‘from’.
means
stands for ‘his’. Overall meaning, ‘with His
praise’. Shower blessings, bestow Two words.
means means ‘on’ and means ‘him’. Overall
meaning ‘on him’. him’. This word is used for both both ‘his’ and ‘him’. Two words, followers.
means progeny, children. It also includes the
means ‘his’. Overall meaning ‘his progeny’.
Salute, peace be upon him.
| | at end of a noun
Face the Challenge!
Rule of the Day:
Identify some masculine & feminine nouns in Arabic from the vocabulary you learned.
indicates that it is a feminine noun.
Quranic Arabic Program
72
Level 01
Lesson 1B: Basic Hymns Now write your your translation in the the “English” column.
English
Arabic
| Quranic Arabic Program
73
Level 01
Lesson 1B: Basic Hymns Reverse the Translation Now translate the English sentences into Arabic. Freely consult the vocabulary table. Compare your result result with the previous previous page. Calculate your your score. Repeat the test, if your score is below 80%.
English
Arabic
(I start) In the name of Allah, the beneficent, the eternally merciful. (O Allah!) There is no partner for You.
Allah is free from all evils and filths.
Allah is free from all evils and with His praise ….
Allah is one. Allah is eternally independent. independent.
Allah is the greatest.
Blessings of Allah be upon him (Muhammad) and his progeny. Salute and peace be upon him.
I seek refuge in Allah from the rejected Satan.
Muhammad is Allah’s Prophet. O Allah! Shower Your blessings upon Muhammad and the progeny of Muhammad. The praise is for Allah.
There is no god except Allah.
Quranic Arabic Program
74
Level 01
Lesson 2A: Gender
Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
Most of the languages contain different words for masculine and feminine. In Arabic, separate words are used for both genders.
Beware of insincere religious and political leaders. They try to manipulate you. Always trust on your own judgment, not that of your leaders.
In
Arabic Arabic,,
(Muzhakkar)
the the
‘masc ‘masculi uline’ ne’
and and the
is
called called
‘femin ‘feminine ine’’ is calle called d
(Muannath). By default, all nouns are considered
except the following:
: The nouns which are in reality, for example (woman), (girl), (sister), (daughter) etc. (mother), Words with at their end: The words carrying a are considered , for example (prayer), (garden), (good). There are some exceptions to this rule e.g. (a big scholar). A masculine can be converted into feminine by putting a at its (Caliph),
• Real
•
end.
• Words with for example
The words carrying a
atat their end:
The words carrying
at their end are also considered
(a black woman), (a white woman).
• Words with example
at their end:
(big), (small), (great).
at their end are considered
,
, for
• Non-Living Items: There is a large number of nouns related to non-living matter which is neither male nor female. Native people used either of masculine or feminine words for such things by assuming that a specific thing is masculine or feminine. For example, in Arabic,
(tree) is considered feminine. Similarly (book) is considered masculine whereas (sun) is feminine. We have to follow the native people to determine which items are
and
. Gender of various items is considered differently differently in different languages. (Earth), (war), Reme Rememb mber er tha thatt the the fol follo lowi wing ng word wordss will will alw alway ayss be : (sky), (air), (living organism). (fire), (Egypt), (Syria) Countries’ names wi will al also be be . For example (hand), (foot), Human Human organ organss in in pair pairss will will also also be consi consider dered ed . For For exam example ple (ear), (eye) etc.
which ones are •
• •
Quranic Arabic Program
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Level 01
Lesson 2A: Gender
Test Yourself (1) Write down against against each words words in the table below whether whether it is a masculine or a feminine. feminine. The nouns for non-living matter, which are
Gender
, are already mentioned.
Meaning Brother Sister Father Mother Father Mother Brother of mother Sister of mother Brother of father Sister of father
A man with bad character A woman with bad character A good / handsome man A good / beautiful woman
Quranic Arabic Program
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Word
Level 01
Lesson 2A: Gender
Gender
Meaning An ugly ____ An ugly ____ A big _____ A big _____ A short _____ A big _____ This _____
This _____ Paradise, Garden
Hell Bridegroom Bride (In old Arabic, it is used for both male & female) Hard, tough, difficult____ Hard, tough, difficult____
Market A long ______
Quranic Arabic Program
77
Word
Level 01
Lesson 2A: Gender
Gender
Meaning Yellow _____ Yellow _____ Green ______ Green ______ Red _____ Red _____ Blue ______ Blue ______ The most beautiful man The most beautiful _____ Truthful ____ Truthful _____ Witness _____ Witness _____ A liar _____ A liar _____
Quranic Arabic Program
78
Word
Level 01
Lesson 2A: Gender
Test Yourself (2)
are provided to you in the following table. Write down their in the next column
(Black) (Green) (White)
(Good)
(Father) (Yellow)
(Brother) (Blue)
(Ugly) (Observer)
(Maternal Uncle)
(Red)
(Big)
(Good)
(Father)
(Small)
(This) (Hard)
(Handsome)
(Uncle)
(Pious) (Immoral)
(Truthful) (Liar)
(Merciful) (Leader)
(Bridegroom)
(Worshipper)
(Respected)
Quranic Arabic Program
(Helper)
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Level 01
Lesson 2B: The Prayer Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
In the previous lesson, we have learnt the basic hymns. In this lesson, we will learn the Arabic Language of our prayers. Mostly, our people perform their prayers without understanding it. It is a very serious matter. We must learn the meanings of our prayer. Without that, we will not be able to develop the sense that we are meeting our Lord. In this lesson, we are including only the commonly read hymns of our prayer.
Perform your prayers in a way that you are watching your God. If it is not possible, then at least develop the sense that your God is watching you. Prophet Muhammad
Translation Translate the following sentences. The vocabulary is available here. You can read the vocabulary and join the words to make sentences. Do not see the answers before attempting. Each sentence carries five mark. After completing the exercise, see the answers.
Explanation
Word
The greatest, the biggest, the magnificent
means “Free from immorality and all types of physical and moral filths”, means “You”. Overall
These are two words.
meaning, “You are free from all types of filths & weaknesses.” O Allah! O God
And These are three words. and thanks,
means means ‘with ‘with’’ and
means praise
means ‘you or your’. Meanings of this phrase
are ‘with Your praise’.
Face the Challenge!
Rule of the Day
In Arabic, why words are written in joined form? Compare it with English.
In Arabic, fathah, fathah, dhammah dhammah and kasrah kasrah are used at the last letter of a word to indicate different positions of a noun.
Quranic Arabic Program
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Level 01
Lesson 2B: The Prayer
Explanation
Word
Blessed Again two words.
means name and
means ‘you or
yours’. So the full phrase is ‘your name’. High, exalted Two words i.e.
means highness, majesty and
means
‘you or yours’. SO the full phrase is ‘Your majesty’. No, not, never
A god, a superior being Two words i.e.
means means ‘other ‘other than’ and
means ‘you or
your’. So the phrase means ‘other than you’. These are also two words.
means means ‘for’ ‘for’ and
is the Arabic
name of God. Meanings of this phrase are ‘for Allah’. Lord, Sustainer, Upholder These are two words.
means means ‘the’ ‘the’ and
means all
worlds or universes. Two words i.e.
and
. Rahmaan Rahmaan is a name of of God
which means ‘beneficent, gracious, kind, caring’. Two words ie.
and
. Raheem is another name of God
which means ‘eternally merciful’.
Do you know?
Arabs of 6th and 7th century (time of Quranic revelation) were fond of poetry and speeches. A poet or a speaker used to enjoy a high rank in the society. There were poetry & speech competitions in their major gatherings. Poetry master pieces were hanged with the Holy Ka’aba.
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Level 01
Lesson 2B: The Prayer
Explanation
Word
Owner
Day Judgment. The complete phrase
means ‘the day of
judgment’. For You only
We worship
We seek help Two words i.e.
means means ‘guide ‘guide’’ and
means ‘us’. So the
phrase means ‘guide us’. The path The straight or the right. Full phrase
means
‘the straight straight path’ or ‘the right right path’. These two words are added to a noun at the beginning in order to specify it. It is a synonym synonym of English word ‘THE’ or “Those who”. You favored, You blessed Two words i.e.
means on and
means them. Phrase
means, ‘on ‘on them’ or ‘upon them’. Other than, not those who
Quranic Arabic Program
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Level 01
Lesson 2B: The Prayer
Explanation
Word
Who earned anger of Allah, damned, cursed
Who got astray, who got away from the right path.
Please accept it. Two words i.e.
means ‘Lord, Sustainer’ and
stands for
‘my or me’. Phrase means ‘My Lord’. The great
He listened Two words i.e.
means means ‘for’ ‘for’ and
means ‘who’. Phrase
means ‘for whom’. Two words,
means praise and thanks and
means ‘his or
him’. Phrase means ‘His praise’. Two words i.e.
means ‘Lord, Sustainer’ and
stands for
‘our or us’. Phrase means ‘Our Lord’. These words, ‘for You’.
The highest, the greatest.
The greetings, the salutations
The prayers
Purified things or purified emotions
Quranic Arabic Program
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Level 01
Lesson 2B: The Prayer
Explanation
Word
Peace Two words,
means means ‘on’ whereas whereas
means ‘you or your’.
Phrase means ‘on you’. O (person)! To address someone.
The Prophet, here it means Prophet Muhammad.
Blessings Two words i.e.
means benedictions, blessings, whereas
means ‘his or him’. Phrase means ‘His blessings’.
Two words,
means means ‘on’ and
means ‘our or us’. So the
phrase means ‘on us’. Slaves of Allah.
Pious
Bestow blessings
Progeny, also includes the followers Two words,
means ‘like’.
stands for ‘what, which etc.’.
Phrase means ‘like which’ You bestowed. The word is linked with
Quranic Arabic Program
.
84
Level 01
Lesson 2B: The Prayer
Explanation Prophet Abraham
Word
ة
Admirable
Great, high, glorified, exalted
Give prosperity, bestow blessings You bestowed. The word is linked with
with . Again two words, you’.
. Compare
means ‘you or your’. Phrase means ‘on
is used for singular and
is plural.
Rule of the Day
Face the Challenge!
Normal form of a noun is its “Subjective” case. When a task is done on a specific noun, it is its “Obj “Object ective” ive” case. case. If a noun noun belongs belongs something, something, it it is its “Possessi “Possessive” ve” Case. They They are called respectively in Arabic.
How do you describe the subjective, objective and possessive cases in the English grammar?
Do you know?
The Quran challenged challenged the Arabs to produce a chapter like that of Quran. The challenge was never accepted by the best poets and speakers. All Arabs, whether Muslims or not, agreed that they were not able to produce a single verse comparable to the Quran. Labeed, one of the great poets of Arabia, left poetry after his conversion to Islam. Someone asked him the reason. He said, “How can I do poetry after the Quran?”
Quranic Arabic Program
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Level 01
Lesson 2B: The Prayer Now write your your translation in the “English” column.
English
Arabic
. . . . . . . . . . . . . Quranic Arabic Program
86
Level 01
Lesson 2B: The Prayer
English
Quranic Arabic Program
Arabic
‘ . .‘ ‘ . . .
87
Level 01
Lesson 2B: The Prayer Reverse the Translation Now translate the English sentences into Arabic. Freely consult the vocabulary table. Compare your result with the previous page. Calculate your score. Repeat the test, if your score is below 80%.
English
Arabic
Allah is the greatest. O Allah! You are free from all weaknesses. With Your praise (I say that) Your name is blessed. Your majesty is high and there is no god other than You. I seek refuge in Allah from the rejected Satan. Allah in the name of, the most Beneficent, the eternally Merciful. Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, the most Beneficent, the eternally Merciful. Owner of the day of judgment. (O Allah!) You alone we worship and You alone we ask for help. Guide us towards the right path.
The path of those whom You have favored. Neither the path of who earned Your anger nor of those who astray. My Lord the great is free from all weaknesses.
Allah has listened who has praised Him.
O our Lord! Praise is for You.
Quranic Arabic Program
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Level 01
Lesson 2B: The Prayer
English
Arabic
My Lord, The High, is free from all weaknesses. The greetings, the prayer and the purified things are for Allah. O Prophet! Salutations and Allah’s blessings and His benedictions be upon you.
Peace be upon us and on all pious slaves of Allah.
I declare that there is no god except Allah. And I declare that verily Muhammad is His slave and His messenger. O Allah! Bless Muhammad and the progeny (followers) of Muhammad. As You blessed Abraham and the progeny (followers) of Abraham. Verily You are praised and exalted. O Allah! Give benediction to Muhammad and the progeny (followers) of Muhammad. As You gave benediction to Abraham and the progeny (followers) of Abraham. Verily You are praised and exalted.
Peace and blessings of Allah be upon you.
Quranic Arabic Program
89
Level 01
Lesson 3A: Case
Dear Reader! As in English, there are three states of a noun which is called called the ‘case’ ‘case’ i.e. subject subjective, ive, objecti objective ve and possessive possessive cases. Similarly in Arabic, there are three cases which are called
.
In English, different cases are denoted by changing the sequence of words or adding words to it. In Arabic, it is denoted by a change in the
of
Build Your Personality
Think from other’s point of view. It will broaden your intellectual horizon and will help you understand and tolerate other’s point of view.
the last letter of a word. Look at the following table.
Possessive
Objective
Subjective
Noun
• The Form •
The
()
of Last letter of 80-85% of Arabic Nouns change as per following detail.
(subjective case) is normally denoted by putting a
at the last letter of a noun. It
is the default case. case. If the default case case has a single dhammah, dhammah, a single single fathah and kasrah kasrah will be placed in other other cases. If the default case has a double double dhammah, dhammah, a double fathah and kasrah will be placed in other cases. •
The
(objective case) is normally denoted by putting a
at the last letter of a noun.
Usually an Alif is added after the two fathah, fathah, if the last letter is not a round
•
The
•
If an
(possessive case) is normally denoted by putting a
or a hamzah .
at the last letter of a noun.
is placed before a noun, its double movements are converted into single movements.
• A few nouns nouns (appx (appx.. 1-2%) 1-2%) do not not change change their form. form. They remain remain the same same in all cases. cases. They are are called called
. For example
(this) will remain the same in all forms
• Some Some nouns nouns (apprx. (apprx. 14-15%) 14-15%) chang changee their form, form, but but they are the the same in
. For example
carry either a
or a
will be
in both
in its
and
and
and
. They are called
form. They carry a
in
. They also do not carry a tanveen. You will learn
them by experience
Quranic Arabic Program
but
90
Level 01
Lesson 3A: Case
Test Yourself The default case
is given to you in the right column. Determine the
and
case for
these nouns.
Possessive
Objective
Meanings
Subjective
Muhammad A Prophet The prophet A thing The thing A sign, a verse The sign, the verse A garden The garden A girl, a daughter The girl, the daughter A sky, a heaven The sky, the heaven
Note that by adding an Alif-Laam If an
before a noun results results in a single dhammah dhammah at the last letter.
is not placed before a noun, it has double dhammah.
Quranic Arabic Program
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Level 01
Lesson 3B: What is Piety? Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
From this lesson onwards, we will read the selected passages from the Holy Quran, the Hadith and selected writings of Arab scholars. Look at the styles used in these passages and develop your language skills by translating these styles into English language. In addition to learning the language, also try to develop your personality in light of the attributes mentioned in these verses and Ahadith.
Translation
If we have the right to accept a point of view based on some arguments, other people also have the same right. Try to convince others in a positive manner. Do not impose your views on others. Tolerate the different views.
Translate the following sentences. The vocabulary is available here. You can read the vocabulary and join the words to make sentences. Do not see the answers before attempting. Each sentence carries five marks. After completing the exercise, see the answers.
Explanation
Word
It is not
The piety, righteousness
That
You turn (towards some direction) Two words,
is the plural of
which means ‘face’.
means ‘yours’. Overall meaning ‘your faces)
Towards
The East
And, if is repeated several times, you can translate is as a ‘comma’ instead of repeating repeating and, and, and, and
Quranic Arabic Program
92
Level 01
Lesson 3B: What is Piety?
Explanation
Word
The West
But
The piety, righteousness
Who
Believed, had faith in Two words,
means means ‘with’ ‘with’ and
is ‘God’. Overall
meaning ‘with Allah’ or ‘in Allah’. Two words,
means means ‘day’ ‘day’ and
means ‘the last’.
Overall meaning ‘the day of judgment’. The angels The book, the divine law. Usually this word is used for the divine books i.e. the Torah, the Gospels and the Quran. Prophets.
or
is the plural of
.
Gives
Wealth Two words,
means ‘love’.
means ‘his or him’.
Overall meaning ‘in His (Allah’s) love’.
Quranic Arabic Program
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Level 01
Lesson 3B: What is Piety?
Explanation
Word
Relatives
Orphans
Poor people Two words,
means ‘son’,
means ‘way’. Overall
meaning ‘the son of the way’. This idiom is used to describe a ‘traveler’. Poor people who ask for help Two words,
means means ‘in’ ‘in’ and ‘
’ means means ‘slavery ‘slavery’. ’.
Overall meaning ‘in slavery’. He established, He performed regularly and collectively
Prayer
Give Zakat (the mandatory charity imposed by Islam on rich people). Those people who fulfill (their promises or contracts) Three words, contract’,
means ‘with’,
means ‘promise or
means, ‘their or them’. Overall meaning ‘with
their contracts’. When
Quranic Arabic Program
94
Level 01
Lesson 3B: What is Piety?
Explanation
Word
They promise
People who are firm and patient
Pain, suffering
Adversity, loss
At the time of
War
They are
Those who
Are truthful When these two words are combined, the make an exclusive sense i.e. “Only those are the people who….” God fearing, careful about right and wrong. It is plural. Its singular is
.
Face the Challenge!
Rule of the Day
What is singular and plural? How do you make a noun plural in English?
In Arabic, there are special nouns used to
.
describe pairs. It is called
Worth Reading
Pure Monotheism! What is the difference between Monotheism and Polytheism? Read this article at http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE01-0009-Monotheism.htm
Quranic Arabic Program
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Level 01
Lesson 3B: What is Piety? Now write your your translation in the the “English” column.
English
: . (2:177 ) Do you know?
Arabic is the most structured language language of the world. If you know the rules of deriving words, you you can produce hundreds of words from a single word. These rules will be described in detail at Level 3 & 4.
Quranic Arabic Program
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Level 01
Lesson 3B: What is Piety? Reverse the Translation Now translate the English sentences into Arabic. Freely consult the vocabulary table. Compare your result with the previous page. Calculate your score. Repeat the test, if your score is below 80%.
English It is not righteousness (or piety) That you turn your faces towards the East or the West But the (behavior of) righteousness is: (That of a person) who believes in Allah, the Day of Judgment, the angels, the divine books and the Prophets. And gives his wealth due to His (Allah’s) love to: (the poor) relatives, orphans, poor, (needy) traveler, those who ask for financial help, and those in slavery.
And establish the prayer and pay the Zakat. And (the people) who fulfill their responsibilities when they enter into a contract Those who are firm and patient during suffering, adversity and at the time of war. These are the people who are truthful and these are the people who are righteous (and pious).
Quranic Arabic Program
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Level 01
Lesson 4A: Number
Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality All languages have separate words for singular and plural nouns. Normally, plural nouns are derived Building a nation is a long process. If you from the singular singular nouns. nouns. As in English, English, we add ‘s’ or want to build your nation, don’t expect the ‘es’ at end of each each singular singular noun to derive its plural plural results of your effort in days. noun. In Arabic, the situation is not different. But the difference between the Arabic and other languages is that there are three words words are used to describe the number number of a noun. They are called
: • : •
means singular. For example
(a man),
(a woman),
(a garden) etc.
is used for two items, usually used to describe persons or things in pairs. For example
men), Noon
()
(two ladies),
case, case, a Ya + Noon Noon
(two men),
:
(two gardens) etc. The simplest way to make
(
at end of a noun, if the noun is in subjective case
possessive
•
(two ladies),
is added and the
)
(two
is to to add add an Alif Alif +
. If the noun is in objective
(
)
or
is followed by a fathah. For example
(two gardens) etc
means plural. In Arabic, plural means three or more. For example
or more ladies),
.
(3 or more men),
(3
(3 or more gardens).
There are certain rules to make a noun plural. • For most most of nouns, nouns, plural plural can be made made by adding adding Wa Wa + Noon Noon
+ Ta
at the end of feminine noun. For example,
(many worshippers),
at the end of a masculine noun and Alif
(many Muslims),
(many Muslim ladies),
(many believers),
(many believer women),
(many worshipper women) etc. • This This is app applic licab able le in the the subjec subjectiv tivee case case
(
)
case, case, a Ya Ya + Noon Noon
Muslims),
• If a femini feminine ne noun noun is in in objec objectiv tivee
Muslim ladies),
)
. If a masculine noun is in objective
is added and the
()
(many believers),
kasrah kasrah in both both cases. cases. In In
(
(
)
is followed by a kasrah. For example
(many
(many worshippers).
or possessive
)
(
case, the last letter of the word will have a
, it will carry a kasrah instead of a fathah. fathah. For example example
(many believer women),
(many
(many worshipper women) etc.
Do you know?
Rule of the Day
The Quran changed the lives of Arabs. It transformed unorganized and insurgent Arabs into the world’s largest super power of its time.
\ is the symbol of whereas \ is the symbol . Quranic Arabic Program
or possessive
98
Level 01
Lesson 4A: Number
There are many nouns, whose plural is not made by following these rules. It is called derived from the speech of native people. For example, They have have fathah fathah in objective objective
(
)
(many books),
case and kasrah in possessive possessive case
)
(
.They are
(3 or more men) etc.
at their end. There plural is
learnt by studying the dictionary or the Arabic Literature. They are used at certain structures. The benefit of learning these structures is that you will consider the word at anyone of these these structure will usually usually be a plural word. Just put the letters instead instead of and
.
get the
Quranic Arabic Program
99
Level 01
Lesson 4A: Number
Note that certain structures are
. It means that a
cannot be used at their last letter. When
they are in possessive possessive or objective case, case, their last letter will always carry a fathah. fathah. They are
:
Plural of some nouns can be used at more than one structures. For example, the plural of
is
. For words having more than one meaning, plural in one meaning is used at one structure
while that in the other meaning is used at another structure. For example slave of God. In first meaning its plural is
while in the other meaning its plural is
Face the Challenge!
Rule of the Day
Describe the difference between normal plural and ?
\ denotes .
Quranic Arabic Program
means a slave of a man or a
100
whereas
.
is the symbol
Level 01
Lesson 4A: Number
Test Yourself (1) You are provided with singular nouns. Make
and
for these nouns.
is already
provided wherever applicable, Fill in the blanks. Each line carries 6 marks.
Plural
Two / Pair
Meanings
Singular
|
|
|
Muslim Book
Pious person Believer
Greatest Foolish person Reformer
Satan, devil One who make disorder
|
Darkness Lightening on the sky during rain
Quranic Arabic Program
Garden
101
Level 01
Lesson 4A: Number
Plural
Two / Pair
Meanings
Singular
|
|
Person who goes astray
Prayer Heart Disease A chapter of Quran Worshipper
River, canal Ear Example Punishment
Small Covering Person with bad character Light
Quranic Arabic Program
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Level 01
Lesson 4A: Number
Test Yourself (2) You are provided with feminine nouns. Make their
and
in all three forms.
Plural
Two / Pair
Meanings
Singular
|
|
|
Muslim female Worshipper female Prostrating female Observing female Fasting female Believing female Married female Devout female Pious female Truthful female A female protecting herself Patient female Humble female
Quranic Arabic Program
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Level 01
Lesson 4A: Number
3
Test Yourself ( ) You are provided with feminine nouns. Make their masculine nouns with their
and in all
three forms.
Plural
Two / Pair
Masculine
Feminine
|
Quranic Arabic Program
|
104
Level 01
Lesson 4B: Allah, There is no god except Him! Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
This lesson contains Quranic verses about Allah and His attributes. Allah is only one and He is actively controlling entire universe.
Always remember that we have to meet our Lord. We will be accountable for our deeds.
Translation Translate the following sentences. The vocabulary is available after the sentences. You can read the vocabulary and join the words to make sentences. Do not see the answers before attempting. Each sentence carries five mark. After completing the exercise, see the answers.
Explanation
Word
No, never, not God Except He, Him Living, self-subsisting Eternal Two words,
means means ‘seize’ ‘seize’ and means ‘his or him’.
Overall meaning, ‘seize him’. Slumber Sleep Two words,
means means ‘for’ ‘for’ and
means ‘his or him’. Overall
meaning, ‘for him’. Which, what, that In, inside,
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Lesson 4B: Allah, There is no god except Him!
Explanation Skies, heavens. Its singular is
Word
which means a single sky or
heaven. The Earth Three words,
means ‘who, which’,
‘that’. The full phrase
means ‘that’,
means
means that ‘who is the person that
can….’ Intercede, recommend Two words,
means ‘near’,
means ‘his or him’. Overall
meaning ‘near ‘near him’ or ‘in front front of him’. Three words,
means ‘with’,
means means ‘permissi ‘permission’ on’ and
means
‘his or him’. Overall meaning ‘with his permission’. He knows Between Two words,
means ‘two hands’.
Overall meaning ‘their two hands’.
means ‘them or their’. is an idiom which
means “whatever is in front of them”. Two words,
means ‘behind’.
means ‘them or their’. Overall
meaning ‘behind them’. They can get access to….., they can comprehend to …. Two words,
means means ‘with’ ‘with’ and
means ‘thing’. Overall
meaning ‘with any thing’. From Two words,
means ‘knowledge’.
means ‘his or him’. Overall
meaning ‘his knowledge’.
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Explanation Three words, and
means ‘with’,
Word
means ‘what or whatever’
means ‘he likes’. Overall meaning ‘whatever He
likes’.
Extends Two words,
means ‘throne or chair’. It stands for the
controlling point of this universe. Overall meaning ‘His throne’. Two words,
means ‘fatigue’.
means ‘his or him’.
Overall meaning ‘fatigue him’. Two words,
means ‘protection’ ‘protection’ or ‘guarding’. ‘guarding’. means
‘both of them’. The most high, the exalted
The greatest, the supreme
Compulsion, religious persecution
Religion Verily, this word is added to make a sentence empathetic. With past tense, it gives the sense of Present Perfect Tense. Made it clear, made it distinctive
Guidance, Guidance, the tight path
From
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Explanation
Word
Error, the wrong path Two words,
means ‘so’,
means ‘whoever, that’. Overall
meaning ‘so whoever’. Denounce Two words,
means ‘with’.
In translation, the preposition
means ‘force of evil’.
will be ignored.
Believe
Two words,
means means ‘so’ whereas whereas
means ‘verily’
Hold firmly
Hand hold
Firm, strong
Break, split Two words,
means means ‘for’ ‘for’ and
means ‘it’. Overall meaning
‘for it’. Listener
Knower
Protector, friend
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Explanation Two words,
means ‘those who’,
Word means ‘believed’.
Overall meaning ‘those who believed’. Two words,
means ‘He brings out’,
means ‘them or
their’. Overall meaning ‘bring them out’. Darkness
Towards
Light
Two words, ‘those ‘those who disbelieve’ or ‘unbelievers’. ‘unbelievers’. Two words, ‘guardians’.
is plural of
means means ‘protectors’ ‘protectors’ or
means ‘them or their’. Overall ‘their
guardians’. Two words,
means ‘they bring out’. Overall meaning,
‘they bring out them (unbelievers)’ They
means ‘friends or companions’.
means ‘fire’.
Overall meaning ‘companions of fire’. They Two words,
means ‘in or inside’.
means ‘it’. Overall
meaning ‘in it’. Forever
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Lesson 4B: Allah, There is no god except Him! Now write your your translation in the the “English” column.
English
Face the Challenge!
Rule of the Day
What is a pronoun?
If the name of a noun is used in a sentence, it is not repeated again and again. Instead of name, certain words e.g. he, she, they, you, I, we are used. Search the name of these words in the English Grammar.
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English
. (2:255-257 ) Do you know?
When Prophet Muhammad
presented the message of Quran, the Arabs rejected
it. He continued his struggle to convey God’s message. At last, entire Arab nation accepted his message. Within a period of 10-15 years, two super powers of the time i.e. Roman & Persian empires surrendered and the Muslim empire was stretched from present-day Pakistan to Morocco. Interesting fact fact is that there was a completed religious religious freedom in that empire.
Worth Reading
Character of Ancient Religious Scholars at Jerusalem. Read this article at http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0014-Jerusalem.htm
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Lesson 4B: Allah, There is no god except Him! Reverse the Translation Now translate the English sentences into Arabic. Freely consult the vocabulary table. Compare your result with the previous page. Calculate your score. Repeat the test, if your score is below 80%.
English Allah, there is no god except Him. The living, the eternal. He neither slumbers nor sleeps. Whatever is in heavens and the earth belongs to Him. Who can intercede in front of Him without His permission. He knows what is in their hands and what is behind them (i.e. an idiom which means that He knows all of their deeds) They cannot compass anything from His knowledge except what He likes (to disclose). His throne (control of universe) is more vast than the heavens and the earth. Guarding of both of them (heavens & earth) does not fatigues Him. He is the exalted, the supreme. There is no persecution in the religion. Verily, the true path has been made clearly distinctive from error. Whoever renounces the forces of evil and believes in Allah, has grasped the firm hand-hold which will never break. And Allah hears all and knows all. Allah is the protector of believers. He brings them out of darkness and leads them into the light. Evil forces are the guardians of those who do not believe. They bring them out of the light and lead them into the darkness. (As a result) they become the companions of the Hellfire. They will live there forever.
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Lesson 5A: Pronouns
Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
Pronoun is a word used instead of a noun. For example, we use the words ‘he, she, it, they, I, we’ instead of the name of of a person. person.
Develop the love of Allah. Think about His blessings upon us. Also develop the love of His prophets. Think about our moral condition that would have been without the prophets.
Like English, in Arabic, we have three positions of a pronoun. Either we are talking about a person, or talking with that person, or a person is talking about himself.
They are called the third, second and first person in English grammar. In Arabic, they are called
respectively. These cases have separate words for masculine and feminine
and for different number number of people. The total number of pronouns pronouns should be 18 i.e. 3 x 3 x 2, but thanks to Arabs, that they use only two pronouns for the first person
.
Masculine and feminine does not necessarily mean human beings. If a non-living matter is considered masculine or feminine, its pronoun will also be of the same gender. It is opposite to the English language. language. We use the pronoun pronoun ‘it’ for non-living matter in the English. English. But in Arabic, we use the masculine / feminine pronouns. This is one of the most important topics in learning the Arabic language. We will conduct a lot of exercises to clarify the concepts of pronouns. pronouns. Look at the table on the next page.
Face the Challenge!
Rule of the Day
What is the difference between “he, his, and him”? What is the difference between “I, my and me”?
There are three possibilities to describe a noun: The person may be talking about himself (first person), talking about the audience (second person) or talking about someone else (third person).
Do you know?
The basic message of the Quran is to live a God-oriented life based on the ethical principals. We are required to submit ourselves to Allah. The person who violates ethical principles does not live a God-oriented life.
Worth Reading
Examining Others with Suspicion. Read this article at http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0005-Examiningothers.htm
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Subjective Case
Person
Gender
Number
He They both (male) They all (male) She They both (female) They all (female) You (male) You both (male) You all (male) You (a female) You both (female) You all (female) I (male or female) We (male or female)
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Test Yourself (1): Subjective Case Complete the table. table. Frequently consult consult the table on the previous previous page.
English
He is a Muslim man. Both of them are Muslim men. All of them are Muslims men. She is a Muslim woman. Both of them are Muslim women. All of them are Muslim women. He is a Muslim man. Both of them are Muslim men. All of them are Muslim men. She is a Muslim woman. Both of them are Muslim women. All of them are Muslim women. I am a Muslim man. We are Muslim men. I am a Muslim woman. We are Muslim women.
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Test Yourself (2) : Subjective Case Complete the table. table. Frequently consult consult the table on the previous previous pages.
English
He is a pious man. Both of them are pious men. All of them are pious men. She is a pious woman. Both of them are pious women. All of them are pious women. He is a pious man. Both of them are pious men. All of them are pious men. She is a pious woman. Both of them are pious women. All of them are pious women. I am a pious man. We are pious men. I am a pious woman. We are pious women.
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Test Yourself (3) : Subjective Case Complete the table. table. Frequently consult consult the table on the previous previous pages.
English
He is a believer man. Both of them are believer men. All of them are believer men. She is a believer woman. Both of them are believer women. All of them are believer women. He is a believer man. Both of them are believer men. All of them are believer men. She is a believer woman. Both of them are believer women. All of them are believer women. I am a believer man. We are believer men. I am a believer woman. We are believer women.
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Objective & possessive case of pronouns will be slightly different.
Possessive
Objective
Subjective
Person
His Their both Their Her Their both Their Your Both Yours Your Your Both Yours Your My Our
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Him Both of them Them Her Both of them Them You Both of You You all You Both of you You all Me Us
He They both They She They both They You You both You all You You both You all I We
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Test Yourself (4) : Possessive Case Complete the table. table. Frequently consult consult the table on the previous previous pages.
English
His book Their book (two men) Their book (3 or more men) Her book Their book (two women) Their book (3 or more women) Your book (a single man) Your book (two men) Your book (3 or more men) Your book (a single woman) Their book (two women) Their book (3 or more women) My book Our book
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Test Yourself (5) : Possessive Case Complete the table. table. Frequently consult consult the table on the previous previous pages.
English
His house Their house (two men) Their house (3 or more men) Her house Their house (two women) Their house (3 or more women) Your house (a single man) Your house (two men) Your house (3 or more men) Your house (a single woman) Their house (two women) Their house (3 or more women) My house Our house
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Test Yourself (6) : Possessive Case Complete the table. table. Frequently consult consult the table on the previous previous pages.
English
His talk Their talk (two men) Their talk (3 or more men) Her talk Their talk (two women) Their talk (3 or more women) Your talk (a single man) Your talk (two men) Your talk (3 or more men) Your talk (a single woman) Their talk (two women) Their talk (3 or more women) My talk Our talk
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Test Yourself (7) : Objective Case Complete the table. table. Frequently consult consult the table on the previous previous pages.
English
Said to him Said to both of them (male) Said to all of them (male) Said to her Said to both of them (female) Said to all of them (female) Said to you (a single man) Said to both of you (male) Said to all of you (male) Said to you (a single female) Said to both of you (female) Said to all of you (female) Said to me Said to us
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Test Yourself (8) : Objective Case Complete the table. table. Frequently consult consult the table on the previous previous pages.
English
Helped him Helped both of them (male) Helped all of them (male) Helped her Helped both of them (female) Helped all of them (female) Helped you (a single man) Helped both of you (male) Helped all of you (male) Helped you (a single female) Helped both of you (female) Helped all of you (female) Helped me Helped us
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Test Yourself (9) : Objective Case Complete the table. table. Frequently consult consult the table on the previous previous pages.
English
Listened him Listened both of them (male) Listened all of them (male) Listened her Listened both of them (female) Listened all of them (female) Listened you (a single man) Listened both of you (male) Listened all of you (male) Listened you (a single female) Listened both of you (female) Listened all of you (female) Listened me Listened us
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Test Yourself (10) : Comprehensive Fill in the blanks by putting the correct pronoun. Frequently consult the table on the previous pages.
English _____ is the One Who has created for _____ whatever is in the earth. The Satan tempted _________. So they used to learn (the art) from ______ by _____ they used to discord between a husband and _____ wife. You blessed upon _____, not those You were angry upon ______. They ask _____ about the intoxicants and the gambling. Say, “In ______, there is a great sin. Verily, only ____ is the one Who accepts repentance, the merciful. So there is no harm on ______ if they revoke the divorce. And on the hereafter, _____ believe. That is the fire _____ fuel is men and stones. And for _____, there will be purified spouses in _____. And what is revealed before _____. Do you want to exchange ______ is superior for ______ is inferior. So there is no harm on _____, if one goes around _______ (i.e. Safa & Marwah). Marwah). They said, “Are you appointing a viceroy in ___, who will cause mischief in ___ (earth)?”
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English Verily, ______ are one perfect in knowledge and wisdom. O Adam! Dwell ______ and ______ wife in the garden. So pray _____ Lord for ______. He said, “O Mary! From where did this came for _____. And _____ is the truth testifying what is with ______. In ______ hearts, there is a disease. _____ throne is more vast than the heavens and the earth and protection of ______ does not fatigue ______. Which the earth produces, such as ___ greenherbs, ____ cucumbers, _____ garlic, ____ lentils and _____ onions. Thus We made _____ fate an exemplary punishment. And ____ sing Your praises and glorify ____. Certainly, the guidance provided by Allah, _____ is the true guidance. Allah has put a seal on _____ hearts, on _____ ears and on ______ eyes. O Mary! Surely Allah has exalted _____, purified _____, and selected _____ (for His service) over all the women of the world. Remember when two parties from ____ meditated cowardice, cowardice, but Allah was w as the protector for ______.
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English Certainly, Allah provides _____ with a good news of a word from _____. _____ name will be Messiah, Jesus the son of Mary. O Lord! How can there be a son for _____. He said, “_____ give life and cause death. He leaves ____ alone in ____ trespasses, so they wander to and fro like a blind person. From ____, whoever will commit an open indecency ….. _____ will live in _____ forever. And from ______, He spread countless men and women. Verily, _____ are the One who has knowledge of the unseen. _____ are Muslim women. _____ is the listener (everything) and knowledgeable for everything. _____ are _____ attire and ____ are ____ attire. _____ are a woman. Beware! Surely _____ are those who cause mischief. And stay at _____ home. For each one of _____, 1/6 part (will be given as inheritance). And do not conduct a sexual intercourse with _____ while _____ stay (for 10 days in) the Mosques. Quranic Arabic Program
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English And the divorced women must keep _______ waiting for three menstrual cycles. And it is not lawful for _____ that they hide what ever Allah has created in _____ wombs. ____ will not be stretching ____ hand towards you (to slay you). Surely, _____ are a test, so do not disbelieve. O Adam! Inform _____ about _____ names. _____ are submitting for Him. And they did not harm ____, but they were causing harm to ______. Guide ____ towards the straight path. _____ should help ______. The disciples said, “_____ are the helpers for Allah’s (cause).” And the two from ____, who commit ____, punish ______. So if they repent and improve, then leave _____. And ____ was not the one from those who are rightly guided. So keep away from women during the menstrual cycles and do not approach ____ until they are clean. Verily, it is one of ____ tricks. Surely, ____ trick is mighty indeed.
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English And ____ am not the one from the polytheists. And ____ are not a follower of ____ direction for prayers. And if you have a doubt about what We have revealed on _____ slave Surely, _____ are the reformers. This is the (food) which was given to ____ before. Then come, I give ____ the wealth and let ____ go in an honorable way. O ____ Lord! Do not make ____ accountable if we forget or commit a mistake. And do not place a burden on ____ as You have placed ____ on those who were before ____. O ____ Lord! Do not place a burden on ____ for which there is no strength in ___ to bear. And pardon ____, forgive ____, have mercy on ___, _____ are ____ Protector, so help ____ against the unbeliever group. How can ____ be the king on _____? Whereas ____ deserve more the power than _____. So ____ and ____ Lord go to fight them. Thus, Allah promises the generous women among _____ the great reward.
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Lesson 5B: Intentions, Begging & Praising Others Dear Reader!
Build Your Personality
From this lesson, we shall start studying the Hadith of Prophet Muhammad .
Spend a percentage of your wealth in Allah’s way.
Translation Translate the following sentences. The vocabulary is available here. You can read the vocabulary and join the words to make sentences. We are not providing on repeated words to develop
your habit of reading without
. Do not see the answers before attempting. Each sentence
carries five mark. After completing the exercise, see the answers.
Explanation What he intended So whoever Was His migration This world, worldly matters He finds it it / / he will find it it.. Woman (feminine of
)
He marries her her / / he will marry her He migrated The upper hand Better, the best Lower
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Explanation He described Hadith to us. He said. He informed me. That definitely he He listened from He says / he will say, he is saying I listened Definitely only this Acts, deeds With intentions For each Man, person
Word
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Lesson 5B: Intentions, Begging & Praising Others
Explanation
Word
So he proceeded Miqdad
, one of oldest
companions So he bent His both knees He was Fat He poured dust upon His face Pebbles What happened to you you?? When You saw, (with
it means
“when you see”) People who praise, plural of So pour dust upon Their faces (plural of
)
Dust
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Explanation Start! With whom Who belongs to your family The charity Back, after doing something Rich He avoids / will avoid begging He protects / will protect him He dispenses with / will dispense with He satisfies / will satisfy him The word Both of them said Verily that A man He made, he put He praises / will praise
Word
Level 01
Lesson 5B: Intentions, Begging & Praising Others Now write your your translation in the “English” column.
English
: : : : : : : ” “. (1 )
Face the Challenge!
Rule of the Day
Describe in a paragraph what have you learnt during Level 1?
() are used as a separate word while objective / possessive pronouns \ ) ( are attached at the end of a word.
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English
: : : ” (1361 ) “. Do you know?
Arabic of 6th & 7th century is preserved in the Quran, the Hadith which are narrated to us in the words of Prophet and the poetry and speeches of the period before /after Islam.
Worth Reading
The Problem Problem of Aurengzeb Aurengzeb Alamgir regarding the educational educational system system of his time. time. Read this article at http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE05-0001-Aurengzeb.htm
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English
) : ( : . . . . . : : : ." " (3002 )
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What’s Next? In Level 1, you have learnt the Arabic script and the religious Arabic language used in routine life. At next level, you will start learn Intermediate Arabic. Some highlights are as follows: • Prop Proper er & Com Commo mon n Nou Nouns ns • Ara Arabic Phra hrases ses • Poin Pointi ting ng Nou Nouns • Arab Arabic ic Sent Senten ence cess • Linki inking ng Pron Pronou ouns ns • Ara Arabic Num Number bers • Fract Fraction ional al & Adject Adjective ive Numbe Numbers rs • Prepositions, Prepositions, Conjunctions, Conjunctions, Interrogatio Interrogations, ns, Exclamations Exclamations and and Other Huroof • Dire Direct ctio ions ns & Rela Relati tion onss In addition to that, you will also see some advanced passages from the Quran, the Hadith, some speeches and writings of ancient scholars and more. So continue Level 2 for learning the Intermediate Arabic.
Worth Reading
Personality Development Program. A series of articles at http://www.mubashirnazir.o http://www.mub ashirnazir.org/PD/Pers rg/PD/Personalityenglis onalityenglish.htm h.htm
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Bibliography Following sources are consulted during preparation of this book:
.
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