AnPhys3e Ch01 Test Bank

Test Bank

by Brian Bagatto to accompany Animal Physiology, Physiology, Third Edition Hill • Wyse • Anderson

Chapter 1: Animals and Environments: Environments: Function on the Ecological Stage 1. Which of the following statements about the discipline of ph ysiology is false is false?? a. t is one on e of biology!s most integrati"e disciplines. b. t is a #ey discipline for understanding how animals change o"er Earth!s Earth!s history. history. c. t is a #ey discipline for understanding u nderstanding the fundamental biology of all animals. d. t is a #ey discipline for understanding human health and disease. e. t is a #ey discipline for understanding the health and disease of nonhuman animals. Answer$ b Te%tboo# &eference$ The mportance of 'hysiology( p. ) Bloom!s Bloom!s *ategory$ +. E"aluating ,. To understand how a fish propels itself by applying forces to the water( physiologists would study its a. biomechanics. b. e"olution. c. chemistry. d. ecology. e. cell physiology. physiology. Answer$ a Te%tboo# &eference$ The mportance of 'hysiology( p. + Bloom!s Bloom!s *ategory$ ,. -nderstanding . n the study of physiology( the term /0000000 refers to the components of li"ing animals and the interactions among those components that enable animals to perform as they do. a. feedbac# b. regulation c. natural selection d. physiology e. mechanism Answer$ e Te%tboo# &eference$ 2echanism and 3rigin$ 'hysiology!s Two Two *entral 4uestions( p. + Bloom!s Bloom!s *ategory$ 1. &emembering ). The data in the graph would be rele"ant to which subdiscipline of p hysiology?

5 ,61, 7inauer Associates( nc.

a. E"olution b. *ell physiology c. 2orphology d. Ecology e. Biomechanics Answer$ d Te%tboo# &eference$ The mportance of 'hysiology( p. )8+9 2echanism and 3rigin$ 'hysiology!s Two Two *entral 4uestions( p. : Bloom!s Bloom!s *ategory$ ,. -nderstanding +. n the firefly( 0000000 acts li#e an on;off switch that determines whether the light cells do or do not produce light. a. nitric o%ide <=3> b. AT' AT' c. o%ygen d. luciferase e. nitrous o%ide <=3,> Answer$ a Te%tboo# &eference$ 2echanism and 3rigin$ 'hysiology!s Two Two *entral 4uestions( p.  Bloom!s Bloom!s *ategory$ ,. -nderstanding :. Which of the following is not needed needed in the mechanism of light production in the firefly? a. 3%ygen b. AT' AT' c. =itric o%ide d. @ight e. @uciferin Answer$ d


Te%tboo# &eference$ 2echanism and 3rigin$ 'hysiology!s Two *entral 4uestions( p.  Bloom!s *ategory$ ,. -nderstanding . n the firefly( light is emitted when a. AT' combines with luciferin( forming luciferylA2'. b. released nitric o%ide bloc#s the mitochondria!s use of o%ygen. c. the electrone%cited product of 3, and luciferylA2' returns to its ground state. d. o%ygen combines with luciferylA2'. e. luciferase is acti"ated by o%ygen. Answer$ c Te%tboo# &eference$ 2echanism and 3rigin$ 'hysiology!s Two *entral 4uestions( p.  Bloom!s *ategory$ +. E"aluating . Which of the following is considered the /on switch for the light emitting reaction of the firefly? a. 3%ygen b. @uciferase c. =itric o%ide d. AT' e. @uciferin Answer$ c Te%tboo# &eference$ 2echanism and 3rigin$ 'hysiology!s Two *entral 4uestions( p.  Bloom!s *ategory$ . Applying C. A physiological mechanism or other trait that is a product of e"o lution and is ad"antageous is called a. an adaptation. b. natural selection. c. adapti"e significance. d. e"olution. e. genetic drift. Answer$ a Te%tboo# &eference$ 2echanism and 3rigin$ 'hysiology!s Two *entral 4uestions( p.  Bloom!s *ategory$ 1. &emembering 16. What is the adapti"e significance of light emission in the firefly? a. Demale fireflies emit light in such a way that distinguishes their species. b. Demale fireflies emit light to see at night. c. All fireflies emit light to lure prey. d. 2ale fireflies emit light to attract mates. e. 2ale fireflies emit light to e"ade predators. Answer$ d Te%tboo# &eference$ 2echanism and 3rigin$ 'hysiology!s Two *entral 4uestions( p.  Bloom!s *ategory$ ,. -nderstanding 11. Which of the following is a similarity between an octopus and a fish?


a. The e"olutionary adaptation of e%cellent "ision b. The mechanism of "ision c. The processing of "isual signals before reaching the optic ner"e d. Both a and b e. All of the abo"e Answer$ a Te%tboo# &eference$ 2echanism and 3rigin$ 'hysiology!s Two *entral 4uestions( pp. C 16 Bloom!s *ategory$ +. E"aluation 1,. &esearch in the field of 0000000 physiology emphasiFes synthesis across le"els of biological organiFation. a. mechanistic b. e"olutionary c. comparati"e d. en"ironmental e. integrati"e Answer$ e Te%tboo# &eference$ The Boo#!s Approach to 'hysiology( p. 16 Bloom!s *ategory$ ,. -nderstanding 1. Which of the following statements about animals is false? a. There is no distinction between an animal and its en"ironment. b. Animals are structurally dynamic. c. Animals are organiFed systems. d. Animals reGuire energy to maintain their organiFation. e. Body siFe is significant in the li"es of all animals. Answer$ a Te%tboo# &eference$ Animals( p. 11 Bloom!s *ategory$ +. E"aluating 1). 2ost cells of an animal a. are e%posed to the e%ternal en"ironment. b. are e%posed to the internal en"ironment. c. fluctuate between e%posure to the e%ternal en"ironment and the internal en"ironment. d. turn o"er while being e%posed to the internal en"ironment. e. =one of the abo"e Answer$ b Te%tboo# &eference$ Animals( p. 11 Bloom!s *ategory$ ,. -nderstanding 1+.81. &efer to the figures below.


1+. Which figure refers to a physiological trait that is regulated by an organism? a. a b. b c. c d. d e. =one of the abo"e Answer$ b Te%tboo# &eference$ Animals( p. 1, Bloom!s *ategory$ . Applying 1:. A migrating salmon regulates its internal *l 8 concentration while conforming to water temperature. The first process is shown in figure 0000000( and the second process is shown in figure 0000000. a. a; b b. b; a c. b; d d. a; c e. =one of the abo"e Answer$ b Te%tboo# &eference$ Animals( p. 1, Bloom!s *ategory$ . Applying


1. Digure 0000000 shows an animal!s regulation of its body temperature as the e%ternal temperature increases. Digure 0000000 shows an animal!s continuous regulation of its body temperature if the e%ternal temperature continues to increase. a. a; b b. b; a c. b; d d. b; c e. =one of the abo"e Answer$ b Te%tboo# &eference$ Animals( p. 1, Bloom!s *ategory$ . Applying 1. Which of the following statements regarding physiological conformity and regulation is true? a. All animals will e"entually conform. b. Animals are either regulators or conformers. c. An animal cannot be both an ion regulator and a temperature conformer. d. *onforming is more metabolically e%pensi"e compared to regulating. e. All of the abo"e Answer$ a Te%tboo# &eference$ Animals( p. 1, Bloom!s *ategory$ +. E"aluating 1C. The functioning of regulatory mechanisms that automatically ma#e adustments to maintain internal constancy is called a. conformity. b. feedbac#. c. homeostasis. d. regulation. e. set point. Answer$ c Te%tboo# &eference$ Animals( p. 1 Bloom!s *ategory$ 1. &emembering ,6. Iuring childbirth( muscular contractions acting to e% pel the fetus from the uterus induce hormonal signals that induce e"en more intense contractions. This is an e%ample of a. homeostasis. b. negati"e feedbac#. c. a controlled "ariable. d. a set point. e. positi"e feedbac#. Answer$ e Te%tboo# &eference$ Animals( p. 1 Bloom!s *ategory$ ,. -nderstanding


,1. 'hysiological changes that occur by alteration of gene freGuencies o"er the course of many generations are referred to as 0000000 changes. a. acute b. chronic c. e"olutionary d. de"elopmental e. =one of the abo"e Answer$ c Te%tboo# &eference$ Animals( p. 1) Bloom!s *ategory$ ,. -nderstanding ,,. 0000000 is an e%ample of /abandoning constancy during thermoregulation. a. Wal#ing b. 7weating c. 7hi"ering d. Hibernating e. Huddling Answer$ d Te%tboo# &eference$ Animals( p. 1) Bloom!s *ategory$ . Applying ,. Which of the following is the principal disadvantage of conformity? a. The process reGuires a large amount of energy. b. t allows cells to function in steady conditions. c. Jirtually no energy is produced by this process. d. *ells are subect to changes in their conditions. e. =one of the abo"e Answer$ d Te%tboo# &eference$ Animals( p. 1) Bloom!s *ategory$ ,. -nderstanding ,). 7weating in response to heat is an e%ample of a a. acute change. b. chronic change. c. e"olutionary change. d. de"elopmental change. e. change controlled by a periodic biological cloc#. Answer$ a Te%tboo# &eference$ Animals( p. 1) Bloom!s *ategory$ ,. -nderstanding ,+.8,:. &efer to the figure below.


,+. This figure refers to what type of physiological response? a. *hronic response b. Acute response c. E"olutionary response d. Ie"elopmental response e. A response controlled by a periodic biological cloc# Answer$ a Te%tboo# &eference$ Animals( p. 1+ Bloom!s *ategory$ . Applying ,:. f the heat e%posure were remo"ed( the line in the diagram would a. continue to show a plateau. b. drop sharply. c. gradually drop to its initial starting point. d. drop but be maintained somewhere at the middle le"el. e. =one of the abo"e Answer$ c Te%tboo# &eference$ Animals( p. 1+ Bloom!s *ategory$ . Applying ,. Which of the following is not a response e%hibited by indi"iduals? a. Acute response b. *hronic response c. E"olutionary response d. Ie"elopmental response e. &esponse controlled by a periodic biological cloc# Answer$ c Te%tboo# &eference$ Animals( p. 1+ Bloom!s *ategory$ ,. -nderstanding


,. &ainbow trout captured and brought into a lab aGuarium undergo a chronic adustment to the conditions in the lab. This process is called a. phenotypic plasticity. b. feedbac# inhibition. c. acclimatiFation. d. de"elopment. e. acclimation. Answer$ e Te%tboo# &eference$ Animals( p. 1+ Bloom!s *ategory$ ,. -nderstanding ,C.81. &efer to the figure below.

,C. What statistical method was used to draw the trend line in the figure? a. 'hylogenetically independent contrasts b. 7pecies mean c. 3rdinary least sGuares regression d. Weightspecific mean e. @ogarithmic scaling Answer$ c Te%tboo# &eference$ Animals( p. 1 Bloom!s *ategory$ . Applying 6. According to the figure( what is the e%pected gestation period of a warthog? a. ,6 wee#s b. ,) wee#s c. 6 wee#s d. ++ wee#s e. :6 wee#s


Answer$ c Te%tboo# &eference$ Animals( p. 1 Bloom!s *ategory$ . Applying 1. Which species in the figure shows an ac tual gestation period that is furthest from its e%pected gestation period? a. Bushbuc# b. Ii#di# c. Warthog d. Kreater #udu e. 2ountain Febra Answer$ e Te%tboo# &eference$ Animals( p. 1 Bloom!s *ategory$ Applying ,. Which of the following statements regarding the Antarctic fish species roc# cod is false? a. 7ome species ha"e no hemoglobin. b. The fish metabolically synthesiFe antifreeFe to #eep from freeFing. c. The fish li"e their entire li"es at body temperatures n ear 81.:L*. d. f acclimated slowly enough( the fish can sur"i"e in tropical waters. e. The fish lay their eggs in holes or depressions in ice sheets. Answer$ d Te%tboo# &eference$ En"ironments( p. 1 Bloom!s *ategory$ +. E"aluating . 0000000 can tolerate a body temperature of 0000000( one of the highest body temperatures recorded for any "ertebrate animal. a. Humans9 +6L* b. Thermophilic archaea9 166L* c. The desert cactus9 :.+L* d. The desert iguana9 ).+L* e. 7ea stars9 )+.+L* Answer$ d Te%tboo# &eference$ En"ironments( p. 1C Bloom!s *ategory$ 1. &emembering ).8+. &efer to the figure below.


). This figure shows that a. the number of butterfly species increases as one mo"es toward the eGuator. b. butterfly populations are larger near the eGuator than at any other latitude. c. The number of butterfly species increases as latitude increases. d. The butterfly population increases as latitude increases. e. @atitudes near the eGuator pro"ide butterflies with the best chance of sur"i"al. Answer$ a Te%tboo# &eference$ En"ironments( p. 1C Bloom!s *ategory$ . Applying +. The en"ironmental factor that is most responsible for the data shown in the figure is a. sunlight. b. food. c. o%ygen. d. temperature. e. water. Answer$ d Te%tboo# &eference$ En"ironments( p. 1C Bloom!s *ategory$ . Applying :. n which of the following habitats would 3 , concentration most li#ely be the lowest? a. A subni"ean air space b. A professor!s office c. An open meadow at )666 m ele"ation


d. The bottom of a waterfall e. 'ond water with a lot of algae Answer$ e Te%tboo# &eference$ En"ironments( p. ,6 Bloom!s *ategory$ . Applying . At altitudes abo"e 0000000 m( people often find simply wal#ing uphill to be a significant challenge. a. +666 b. :+66 c. C666 d. 16(666 e. ,1(666 Answer$ b Te%tboo# &eference$ En"ironments( p. ,6 Bloom!s *ategory$ 1. &emembering . n order to obtain 3,( waterbreathers face a substantially greater challenge compared to airbreathers. Which of the following is not a reason for this difference? a. The solubility of 3, in water is not high. b. Water contains less 3, per liter than air does. c. Water is denser than air. d. Water can become ano%ic more readily than air can. e. 3%ygen diffuses more slowly across respiratory surfaces in water than in air. Answer$ e Te%tboo# &eference$ En"ironments( p. ,6 Bloom!s *ategory$ +. E"aluating C. 2ost in"ertebrates that li"e in the ocean( such as sea stars and corals( a. tend to gain water "ia osmosis. b. tend to lose water "ia osmosis. c. must drin# water. d. must acti"ely e%crete water. e. do not gain or lose much water. Answer$ e Te%tboo# &eference$ En"ironments( p. ,1 Bloom!s *ategory$ ,. -nderstanding )6. Which of the following animals gains the most water o smotically per gram on a daily basis? a. 7ea star b. Koldfish c. @obster d. *oral e. &eef fish Answer$ b


Te%tboo# &eference$ En"ironments( p. ,, Bloom!s *ategory$ 1. &emembering )1. *ertain 0000000 can tolerate almost complete desiccation. a. toads b. humans c. tardigrades d. marine bony fish e. goldfish Answer$ c Te%tboo# &eference$ En"ironments( p. ,, Bloom!s *ategory$ 1. &emembering ),. The subni"ean air space is an e%ample of a a. thermocline. b. microen"ironment. c. desert burrow. d. hibernaculum. e. ano%ic en"ironment. Answer$ b Te%tboo# &eference$ En"ironments( p. , Bloom!s *ategory$ ,. -nderstanding ). Which of the following is not considered a process that could lead to nonadapti"e e"olution? a. =atural selection b. Kenetic drift c. Bottlenec#s d. 'leiotropy e. =atural disasters Answer$ a Te%tboo# &eference$ E"olutionary 'rocesses( p. ,) Bloom!s *ategory$ ,. -nderstanding )). Which of the following best demonstrates the process of e"olution? a. The increased presence of a trait fa"ored by natural selection b. A change of gene freGuencies o"er time c. The presence of a trait in a population that confers a disad"antage on members of the population d. The shifting of gene freGuencies in a population because of random e"ents e. The change in an animal!s phenotype in response to en"ironmental change Answer$ b Te%tboo# &eference$ E"olutionary 'rocesses( p. ,) Bloom!s *ategory$ +. E"aluating


)+. The shift in gene freGuencies in smaller populations because of random deaths is referred to as a. e"olution. b. adaptation. c. nonadapti"e e"olution. d. genetic drift. e. pleiotropy. Answer$ d Te%tboo# &eference$ E"olutionary 'rocesses( p. ,) Bloom!s *ategory$ ,. -nderstanding ):. The mosGuito Culex pipiens has e"ol"ed a tolerance to orthophosphate insecticides. Because of 0000000( this species is concurrently e"ol"ing a lower tolerance for colder temperatures. a. genetic drift b. pleiotropy c. maladaptation d. e"olution e. nonadapti"e e"olution Answer$ b Te%tboo# &eference$ E"olutionary 'rocesses( p. ,+ Bloom!s *ategory$ . Applying ). Which of the following was not one of the conclusions of the seminal 1CC paper by Kould and @ewontin? a. =atural selection in the present en"ironment is ust one of se"eral processes by which a species may come to e%hibit a trait. b. A trait is not an adaptation merely because it e%ists. c. When physiologists refer to a trait as an adaptation( they are ma#ing a hypothesis that natural selection has occurred. d. Iata must be gathered in order to assess whether adaptation is li#ely to ha"e occurred. e. ndirect e"idence cannot be used to support the hypothesis of adaptation. Answer$ e Te%tboo# &eference$ E"olutionary 'rocesses( p. ,+ Bloom!s *ategory$ +. E"aluating ). Which of the following methods is based on the premise that although we cannot see e"olution that occurred in the past( the many #inds of animals ali"e today pro"ide us with many e%amples of outcomes of e"olution( and patterns we identify in these ou tcomes may pro"ide insights into processes that occurred long ago? a. The Ioppler method b. 7tudies of laboratory populations o"er many generations c. The adaptation method d. 'hylogenetic reconstruction e. The comparati"e method Answer$ e


Te%tboo# &eference$ E"olutionary 'rocesses( pp. ,+ ,: Bloom!s *ategory$ ,. -nderstanding )C. Which of the following techniGues for the study of adaptation was used to generate the data shown in the figure below?

a. The comparati"e method b. 7tudies of laboratory populations o"er many generations c. 7inglegeneration studies of indi"idual "ariation d. *reation of "ariation for study e. 7tudies of genetic structures of natural populations Answer$ c Te%tboo# &eference$ E"olutionary 'rocesses( p. ,: Bloom!s *ategory$ . Applying +6. The raw material for e"olution is a. trait "ariation. b. natural selection. c. clines. d. alleles. e. the en"ironment. Answer$ d Te%tboo# &eference$ E"olutionary 'rocesses( p. , Bloom!s *ategory$ ,. -nderstanding

Short Answer Questions

1. -sing the firefly as an e%ample( e%plain physiology!s two central GuestionsM mechanism and origin. Answer: The firefly emits a flash of light from its abdomen. The process inside the animal that results in this e"ent is the mechanism. That is( the brain sends ner"e impulses that cause the light cells to become bathed with nitric o%ide( resulting in the production o f e%cited electrons through the reaction of 3, with luciferylA2'. Howe"er( this


e%planation of the mechanism does not e%plain the e"olutionary origin of the trait. n this case( e"idence suggests that the firefly produces light for mate attraction. Te%tboo# &eference$ 2echanism and 3rigin$ 'hysiology!s Two *entral 4uestions( pp. +  Bloom!s *ategory$ . Applying ,. *ompare and contrast adaptation and natural selection. Answer: Adaptation and natural selection are both concepts of e"olution. =atural selection is a main process by which e"olution occurs. t is the increase of gene freGuencies that produce phenotypes that raise the li#elihood that animals will sur"i"e and reproduce. An adaptation refers to the mechanism or trait that is the product of e"olution by natural selection. Te%tboo# &eference$ 2echanism and 3rigin$ 'hysiology!s Two *entral 4uestions( p.  Bloom!s *ategory$ +. E"aluating . Iescribe three of the subdisciplines of animal physiology. Answer: 2echanistic physiology emphasiFes the study of mechanism. E"olutionary physiology emphasiFes the study of e"olutionary origins. *omparati"e physiology is the synthetic study of the function of all animals. En"ironmental physiology studies how animals respond physiologically to en"ironmental conditions and challenges. ntegrati"e physiology is a synthetic in"estigation of all le"els of biological organiFation. Te%tboo# &eference$ The Boo#!s Approach to 'hysiology( p. 16 Bloom!s *ategory$ ,. -nderstanding ). *ompare and contrast conformity and regulation( including the ad"antages and disad"antages of each. Answer: *onformity and regulation are responses of animals to changing en"ironmental conditions. An animal that permits its internal conditions to be eGual to those of the e%ternal en"ironment is e%hibiting conformity. *onformity has some energysa"ing ad"antages( although the cells of the animal can be e%posed to potentially widely "arying conditions. An animal that maintains its internal conditions while e%ternal conditions change is e%hibiting regulation. The ad"antage of regulation is internal consistency( although there is a tradeoff in terms of increases in energy e%penditure. Te%tboo# &eference$ Animals( p. 1, Bloom!s *ategory$ +. E"aluating +. Which of the fi"e time frames in which physiology changes is represented by phenotypic plasticity? Ki"e an e%ample. Answer: 'henotypic plasticity refers to the chronic( re"ersible physiologic changes o f acclimation and acclimatiFation. Dor e%ample( as temperatures become colder in the winter( the fur on arctic hares becomes thic#er and whiter. Te%tboo# &eference$ Animals( p. 1+ Bloom!s *ategory$ ,. -nderstanding :. What is the importance of body siFe in the study of animal physiology?


Answer: Body siFe is important in the study of animal physiology because many physiological measurements are affected by body siFe. Kestation period in mammals( for e%ample( increases in a predictable manner with body siFe. 2etabolic rate and other factors related to metabolic rate also correlate with body siFe. f body siFe is not ta#en into account for certain measurements( this factor may p roduce most of the "ariation in the data collected and mas# other factors. Te%tboo# &eference$ Animals( pp. 1:81 Bloom!s *ategory$ ,. -nderstanding

. A water temperature of :L* can be lethal for both tropical fish and Antarctic fishM e%plain. Answer: =ot all fish species are able to sur"i"e at all water temperatures( e"en if gi"en years to acclimate. 2ost tropical fish will die if cooled to :L*. n contrast( Antarctic fish species ha"e e"ol"ed for millions of years at 81.CL* and e"en slowly warming them to :L* will #ill them. Te%tboo# &eference$ En"ironments( p. 1 Bloom!s *ategory$ ,. -nderstanding . Iescribe how the density layering of water can create ano%ic Fones. Answer: Warmer water is less dense compared to colder water. Iuring summer months( the water on the surface of la#es and ponds gets warmed and stays on the top for the duration of the summer with little mi%ing. This lea"es a colder bo ttom stagnant layer of water that will slowly lose o%ygen because the microbes deplete the dissol"ed o%ygen. Te%tboo# &eference$ En"ironments( p. ,1 Bloom!s *ategory$ ,. -nderstanding C. E%plain how adapti"e and nonadapti"e processes can contribute to e"olution. Answer: E"olutionary adapti"e processes are the processes of natural selection that result in traits that pro"ide ad"antages in a population. =onadapti"e e"olution includes processes by which lessadaptable alleles may persist in a population. A trait may persist because of chance ( or because it is related to another fa"ored trait ( or because it was once ad"antageous and has not been selected against. Te%tboo# &eference$ E"olutionary 'rocesses( p. ,) Bloom!s *ategory$ ,. -nderstanding 16. E%plain the following statement$ /A trait is not an adaptation merely because it e%ists. Answer: =ot all traits are e"olutionary adaptations that confer an ad"antage. Traits can e%ist because of e"olutionary drift and other forms of nonadapti"e e"olution. E"en a trait that appears to be beneficial is not necessarily an e"olutionary adaptation. As Kould and @ewontin point out( in order to call a trait adapti"e( one must pro"ide empirical e"idence that the trait is an adaptation. Te%tboo# &eference$ E"olutionary 'rocesses( p. ,+ Bloom!s *ategory$ ,. -nderstanding


Online Quiz from Companion Wesite

1. Which of the following statements regarding the discipline of physiology is false? a. 'hysiologists study how animals wor#. b. 'hysiology is a #ey discipline for understanding the fundamental biology of all animals. c. 'hysiology is a #ey discipline for understanding human health and disease. d. 'hysiology is a #ey discipline for understanding the health and disease of nonhuman animals. e. 'hysiology is a #ey discipline for understanding the social conte%t of human disease. Answer$ e Te%tboo# &eference$ The mportance of 'hysiology( pp. 8) Bloom!s *ategory$ ,. -nderstanding ,. Which of the following is an e%ample of a possible physiological effect a ri"er dam could impose on migrating 'acific salmon? a. t could bloc# the migrating salmon. b. t may let salmon pass but cost them too much energy. c. t could let them pass but may interfere with subseGuent na"igation. d. t could allow earlier spawning. e. t could slow the salmon and ma#e them more "ulnerable to predation. Answer$ b Te%tboo# &eference$ The mportance of 'hysiology( p. ) Bloom!s *ategory$ 1. &emembering . 0000000 refers to the components of actual( li"ing animals and the interactions among those components that enable the animals to perform as they do. a. 2echanism b. Adaptation c. =atural selection d. Adapti"e significance e. *ell theory Answer$ a Te%tboo# &eference$ 2echanism and 3rigin$ 'hysiology!s Two *entral 4uestions( p. + Bloom!s *ategory$ ,. -nderstanding ). 'opulations of one salmon species differ genetically( and this difference increases as the physical distance between them increases. This statement refers to the study of which le"el of organiFation? a. 7ystems physiology b. *ell physiology c. 2orphology d. Ecology e. E"olution Answer$ e Te%tboo# &eference$ 2echanism and 3rigin$ 'hysiology!s Two *entral 4uestions( p. :


Bloom!s *ategory$ . Applying +. Which of the following is the most accurate description of the mechanism of the light emitting reaction in the firefly? a. 3%ygen reacts with luciferin to produce light. b. 3%ygen reacts with luciferylA2' to produce light. c. =itric o%ide reacts with luciferin to produce light. d. =itric o%ide reacts with luciferylA2' to produce light. e. =itric o%ide reacts with the mitochondria to produce light. Answer$ b Te%tboo# &eference$ 2echanism and 3rigin$ 'hysiology!s Two *entral 4uestions( p.  Bloom!s *ategory$ 1. &emembering :. The increase in freGuency of genes that produce phenotypes that raise the li#elihood that an animal will sur"i"e and reproduce is called a. a trait. b. feedbac#. c. adapti"e significance. d. natural selection. e. adaptation. Answer$ d Te%tboo# &eference$ 2echanism and 3rigin$ 'hysiology!s Two *entral 4uestions( p.  Bloom!s *ategory$ 1. &emembering . Which of the following statements regarding fish eyes and octopus eyes is most accurate? a. They are similar in gross appearance and functional performance but differ in their adapti"e significance and mechanisms. b. They are similar in gross appearance but differ in their functional performance( adapti"e significance( and mechanisms. c. They are similar in gross appearance( functional performance( and adapti"e significance but differ in their mechanisms. d. They are similar in gross appearance( functional performance( adapti"e significance( and mechanism. e. They differ in gross appearance( functional performance( and adapti"e significance( but are similar in their mechanisms. Answer$ c Te%tboo# &eference$ 2echanism and 3rigin$ 'hysiology!s Two *entral 4uestions( pp. 8 16 Bloom!s *ategory$ +. E"aluating . f an animal permits internal and e%ternal conditions to be eGual( it is said to show a. conformity. b. regulation. c. homeostasis. d. physiological independence.


e. e"olution. Answer$ a Te%tboo# &eference$ Animals( p. 1, Bloom!s *ategory$ 1. &emembering C. Which of the following statements regarding conformity and regulation is false? a. Animals can be both regulators and conformers. b. *onformity and regulation are e%tremes9 intermediate responses are more common. c. Animals freGuently show conformity with respect to some characteristics while regulating others. d. *onformity costs more energy to maintain than regulation. e. 2aintaining internal constancy in the face of e%ternal "ariability defines regulation. Answer$ d Te%tboo# &eference$ Animals( p. 1, Bloom!s *ategory$ +. E"aluating 16. Testosterone is released by the testes in response to luteiniFing hormone released from the pituitary gland. As circulating testosterone le"els rise( they act on the pituitary gland to reduce the secretion of luteiniFing hormone( thus reducing the production of testosterone. This is a classic e%ample of a. positi"e feedbac#. b. negati"e feedbac#. c. adaptation. d. conformity. e. acclimation. Answer$ b Te%tboo# &eference$ Animals( p. 1 Bloom!s *ategory$ . Applying 11. A surprise phone call at $66 A2 results in an increase in heart rate. This is an e%ample of a a. acute change. b. chronic change. c. e"olutionary change. d. de"elopmental change. e. change controlled by a biological cloc#. Answer$ a Te%tboo# &eference$ Animals( pp. 1)81+ Bloom!s *ategory$ . Applying 1,. AcclimatiFation is an e%ample of a a. acute change. b. chronic change. c. e"olutionary change. d. de"elopmental change. e. change controlled by a biological cloc#.


Answer$ b Te%tboo# &eference$ Animals( p. 1+ Bloom!s *ategory$ . Applying 1. @ength of gestation 0000000 body siFe in mammals. a. is in"ersely proportional to b. is independent c. is unrelated to d. is conditional upon e. scales as a regular function of Answer$ e Te%tboo# &eference$ Animals( p. 1 Bloom!s *ategory$ ,. -nderstanding 1). The lowest temperature inhabited by acti"e communities of relati"ely large( temperatureconforming animals is a. 16L*. b. 1.CL*. c. 6L*. d. 81.CL*. e. 816L*. Answer$ d Te%tboo# &eference$ En"ironments( p. 1 Bloom!s *ategory$ 1. &emembering 1+. The number of species of swallowtail butterflies tends to a. increase at high longitudes. b. be independent of latitude. c. increase at low latitudes. d. increase at high latitudes. e. increase at high altitudes. Answer$ c Te%tboo# &eference$ En"ironments( p. 1C Bloom!s *ategory$ 1. &emembering 1:. The altitude limit at which dedicated human climbers can climb without supplemental o%ygen is about a. ,666 m. b. +666 m. c. 666 m. d. 1,(666 m. e. 1+(666 m. Answer$ c Te%tboo# &eference$ En"ironments( p. ,6 Bloom!s *ategory$ . Applying


1. n the summer( a sunheated la#e will tend to ha"e the lowest concentration of dissol"ed o%ygen a. at the la#e!s surface. b. about , m below the la#e!s surface. c. at about the middle depth of the la#e. d. within the thermocline of the la#e. e. at the bottom of the la#e. Answer$ e Te%tboo# &eference$ En"ironments( p. ,1 Bloom!s *ategory$ . Applying 1. Dor terrestrial animals( one of the greatest physiological challenges is a. obtaining food. b. obtaining o%ygen. c. finding shelter. d. pre"enting water loss. e. locomotion. Answer$ d Te%tboo# &eference$ En"ironments( p. ,, Bloom!s *ategory$ ,. -nderstanding 1C. A change of gene freGuencies o"er time in a population of organisms is referred to as a. e"olution. b. adaptation. c. genetic drift. d. pleiotropy. e. a bottlenec#. Answer$ a Te%tboo# &eference$ E"olutionary 'rocesses( p. ,) Bloom!s *ategory$ 1. &emembering ,6. The process of chance assuming a preeminent role in altering gene freGuencies is called a. e"olution. b. adaptation. c. genetic drift. d. pleiotropy. e. natural selection. Answer$ c Te%tboo# &eference$ E"olutionary 'rocesses( p. ,) Bloom!s *ategory$ 1. &emembering


AnPhys3e Ch01 Test Bank

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