anatomy and physiology: how to deal with all that medical terms in your head?
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Anatomy of the Eye
Accessory Structure of the Eye
Lacrimal apparatus
Lacrimal gland - lateral end of eye - produces lacrimal fluid Lacrimal canals - drain lacrimal fluid from eyes
Figure 8.1a
Extrinsic Eye Muscles
Muscles attach to the outer surface of the eye
Produce eye movements
Figure 8.2
Lateral rectus- moves eye laterally
Medial rectus – rectus – moves moves eye medially
Superior rectus – rectus – elevates elevates eye and rolls it medially
Inferior rectus, depresses eye and rotates it laterally
THE 4 RECTUS MUSCLES PRODUCE GROSS MOVEMENT AND ALLOW THE EYE TO FOLLOW A MOVING OBJECT
Inferior oblique- moves eyeball superiorly, rotates it laterally
Structure of the Eye
The wall is composed of three tunics
Fibrous tunic - outside layer
Vascular tunic - middle layer
Sensory tunic - inside layer
Figure 8.3a
Structure of the Eyes (Three tunics)
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The Fibrous Tunic
Sclera outermost tunic Thick white connective tissue layer Seen anteriorly as the “white of the eye” Cornea Transparent, central anterior portion Allows for light to pass through Most exposed part Repairs itself easily the only human tissue that can be transplanted without fear of rejection When touched it will cause blinking and tearing of eyes
Vascular Layer (Choroid)
Blood-rich nutritive tunic Pigment prevents light from scattering Modified anteriorly into two structures Ciliary body – body – smooth smooth muscles Iris Pigmented layer that gives eye color With circularly and radially arranged smooth muscles Pupil – rounded rounded opening in the Pupil – iris Close vision and bright light – pupils will constrict distant vision and dim light – pupils will dilate
Sensory Tunic (Retina)
Innermost tunic Extends anteriorly to the ciliary body Contains photoreceptor cells Rods and cones
Neurons of the Retina and Vision
Rods
Most are found towards the edges of the retina
Allow dim light vision and peripheral vision
Perception is all in gray tones
Neurons of the Retina and Vision
Cones Allow for detailed color vision Fovea centralis - area of the retina with only cones - Area with great or sharpest vision
No
photoreceptor cells cells are at the optic disk, or blind spot
Lens
Biconvex crystal-like structure
Held in place by a suspensory ligament attached to the ciliary body
Figure 8.3a
Internal Eye Chamber Fluids
Aqueous humor
Watery fluid found in chamber between the lens and cornea
Similar to blood plasma
Helps maintain intraocular pressure
Provides nutrients for the lens and cornea
Reabsorbed into venous blood through the canal of Schlemm
