UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS ANDES FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA ESCUELA DE INGENIERÍA ELÉCTRICA DEPARTAMENTO DE POTENCIA
APLICACIÓN DEL PROGAMA NEPLAN AL DISEÑO Y COORDINACION DEL SISTEMA DE PROTECCIONES DE UN SISTEMA DE POTENCIA Trabajo prese!a"o #o$o re%&'s'!o par#'a( para op!ar a( !)!&(o "e I*e'ero E(e#!r'#'s!a
+r, D&(#e M, Abre& Or!)T&!ores A#a".$'#os/ Pro0, Eres!o Mora Pro0, Mar'so( D12'(a Ma3o4 5667
5 DEDICATORIA
A $'s pa"res 3 8er$aos por s& apo3o 3 #o9a-a '#o"'#'oa(, A #o$pa:eros 3 a$'*os %&e $e 8a br'"a"o s& apo3o a (o (ar*o "e (a #arrera, A !o"as a%&e((as persoas %&e "e &a & o!ra 0or$a 8'#'ero pos'b(e e( #&$p('$'e!o "e es!a $e!a, Gra#'as,
RECONOCIMIENTO A (a I(&s!re U'2ers'"a" "e Los A"es4 pro0esores 3 persoa( %&e '!e*ra (a Es#&e(a "e I*e'er)a E(.#!r'#a por (a prepara#'; a#a".$'#a, A (os pro0esores Eres!o Mora 3 Mar'so( D12'(a4 por !o"a s& "e"'#a#';4 #osejos 3 a3&"a e es!e pro3e#!o, Gra#'as por !o"o4 s' &s!e"es es!o o 8&b'ese s'"o pos'b(e, A (os I*e'eros A"r'1 Ar#e 3 Ra0ae( Go"o3 por 0a#'('!ar$e 2a('osa '0or$a#'; para (a rea('-a#'; "e es!e pro3e#!o 3 !o"a (a #o(abora#'; pres!a"a,
D&(#e M, Abre& O,
< ÍNDICE GENERAL CAPÍTULO I/ Mar#o Te;r'#o,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,= >,>,? Corr'e!es "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,= >,>,>,? C(ases "e Cor!o#'r#&'!os,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,= >,>,5,? C1(#&(o "e (a Corr'e!e "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o @I##,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,= >,>,5,>,? M.!o"o "e, Ma!r'- "e I$pe"a#'a "e +arra,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,B >,>,5,5,? M.!o"o "e S&perpos'#';,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,B >,>,5,<,? M.!o"o "e( Vo(!aje "e!r1s "e (a Rea#!a#'a S&b!ras'!or'a B >,>,5,,? M.!o"o "e (a Co$poe!e S'$.!r'#a,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7 >,>,5,=,? M.!o"o IEC,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7 >,>,5,B,? M.!o"o ANSI,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >,5,? Pro!e##'; #o!ra sobre#ar*as,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >,<,? Pro!e##'; "e L)eas,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >,<,>, T'pos "e re(. "e pro!e##'; "e ()eas,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >,<,>,>,? Re(. "e Sobre#orr'e!e,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,>6 >,<,>,5,? Re(.s "e Tes';,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,>> >,<,>,<,? Re(. "e T'erra,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,>< >,<,>,,? Re(. D'0ere#'a(,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,><
>,<,>,=,? Re(. "e D's!a#'a,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,> >,<,>,B,? P'(o!o,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,>= >,,? Coor"'a#'; "e Pro!e##'oes,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,>= CAPÍTULO II/ E( Pro*ra$a NEPLAN ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,>
5,>,? M;"&(o "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o "e( NEPLAN ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,> 5,>,>, Ca(#&(ar,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,> 5,>,5,? Re"es Par#'a(es,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,56 5,>,<,? Par1$e!ros,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 56 5,>,<,>,? Par1$e!ro,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,56 5,>,<,5,? No"os +ajo Fa((a,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5< 5,>,<,<,? L)eas e Fa((a,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5 5,>,<,,? Fa((a Espe#'a(,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5 5,>,,? Res&(!a"os,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5= 5,5,? M;"&(o "e Pro!e##'oes "e( NEPLAN ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,57 5,5,>,? Pro!e##'; "e D's!a#'a,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,57 5,5,>,>? Arra%&e,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5 5,5,>,>,>,? Sobre#orr'e!e P&ra,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5 5,5,>,>,5,? +aja I$pe"a#'a,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,<6 5,5,>,>,<,? Cara#!er)s!'#a RH,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,<> 5,5,>,5,? Me"'#'oes,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,<> 5,5,>,<,? Par1$e!ros "e Aj&s!e para Re(.s Pre"e9'"os,,,,,,,,,,,<5 5,5,>,,? Pro!e##'; "e Respa("o,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,<5 5,5,>,=,? Co9*&ra#'; A&!o$1!'#a "e (a I$pe"a#'a,,,,,,,,,,,,,,<< 5,5,>,B,? Pro*ra$a#'; "e D'sparo,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,< 5,5,>,7,? Desp('e*&e "e I$pe"a#'as 3 Cara#!er)s!'#as "e( Re(.< 5,5,>,,? Pro#e"'$'e!o para E!rar & Re(.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,> 5,5,>,,? Do#&$e!a#'; "e( Re(.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,> 5,5,>,>6 Ver'0'#a#'; "e (os Aj&s!es "e( Re(.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5 5,5,5,? Pro!e##'; "e Sobre#orr'e!e,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5
2' 5,5,5,>,?Des#r'p#'; F&#'oa(,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5 5,5,5,>,>,?Var'ab(e Me"'"a,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,< 5,5,5,>,5,?Co"'#'; "e Arra%&e,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,< 5,5,5,>,<,? Co"'#'; "e D'sparo,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5,5,5,>,,? F&#'; "e D'sparo,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,= 5,5,5,5,? Var'ab(es,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,= 5,5,5,<,? Opera#'oes "e S&'#8eo,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,= 5,5,5,,? Co"'#'oes "e Corr'e!e "e Arra%&e @P'#&p,,,,,,,,= 5,5,5,=,?Cara#!er)s!'#as "e Re!ar"o "e T'e$po Depe"'e!es Aa()!'#as,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,B 5,<,? E( E"'!or "e M;"&(os,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7 5,<,>,? E"'#'; "e M;"&(os "e Pro!e##';,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7 5,,? E( E"'!or "e "'a*ra$as,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5,,>,? La #aja "e "'a(o*o "e( "'a*ra$a "e se(e#!'2'"a",,,,,,,,,,,,,, CAPÍTULO III/ Caso "e Es!&"'o,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,=> <,>,? Des#r'p#'; "e( S's!e$a,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,=> <,5,? Ca('bra#'; "e Re(.s,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,=< <,5,>,? Ca('bra#'; "e (os Re(.s "e Sobre#orr'e!e,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,=< <,5,5,? Ca('bra#'; "e (os Re(.s "e D's!a#'a,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,= <,<,? Res&(!a"os ob!e'"os,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,B5 <,<,>,? Res&(!a"os "e F(&jo "e Car*a,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,B5 <,<,>,>,? Co$para#'; "e Res&(!a"os "e F(&jo "e Car*a,,,,,,,,,,B <,<,5,? Res&(!a"os "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,B= <,<,5,>,? Co$para#'; "e Res&(!a"os "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o,,,,,,,,,,,,B7 <,<,<,? Res&(!a"os "e Pro!e##'oes,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,B <,,? A1('s's "e Res&(!a"os,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7 Co#(&s'oes,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7 Re#o$e"a#'oes,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,> Re0ere#'as +'b('o*r10'#as Cos&(!a"as,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5 AeJos,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,<
B LISTA DE FIGURAS Y TA+LAS P1*,
F'*&ra >,>/ C&r2a "e Opera#'; "e & Re(. "e Sobre#orr'e!e,,,,,,,>> F'*&ra >,5/ C&r2a "e Opera#'; "e & Re(. "e S&b!es';,,,,,,,,,,,,,>< F'*&ra >,< F'*&ra >,/ Es%&e$a "e 0&#'oa$'e!o "e & Re(. "'0ere#'a(,,,,,> F'*&ra >,=/ C&r2a "e opera#'; "e & Re(. D'0ere#'a( para $K=>= F'*&ra 5,>/ Op#'oes "e( M;"&(o "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,56 F'*&ra 5,5/ Arra%&e por Sobre#orr'e!e P&ra,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,<6 F'*&ra 5, F'*&ra 5,/ Arra%&e "e +aja I$pe"a#'a Depe"'e!e "e (as Fases ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,<> F'*&ra 5,=/ Arra%&e #o Cara#!er)s!'#a RH,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,<5 F'*&ra 5,B/ E!apas "e T'e$po De0''"as,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,< F'*&ra 5,7/ Ob!e#'; "e( Tra$o "e I$pe"a#'a M)'$a e Re"es E$a((a"as,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,<= F'*&ra 5,/ Aj&s!e se* e( M.!o"o Re(a!'2o,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,6/ A(#a#e M)'$o,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,<7 F'*&ra 5,>>/ I$pe"a#'as "e (as oas "e( Re(.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,< F'*&ra 5,>5/ C&a"ro "e "'a(o*o e"'!or "e $;"&(o "e pro!e##';,,,, F'*&ra 5,>/ E"'!or "e "'a*ra$a "e Se(e#!'2'"a",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,=> F'*&ra <,>/ D'a*ra$a U'0'(ar "e( S's!e$a O##'"e!a(,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,=< F'*&ra <,5/ C&r2as Cara#!er)s!'#as "e( Re(. "e Sobre#orr'e!e MDP= F'*&ra <, F'*&ra <,/ Co0'*&ra#'; "e (as I$pe"a#'as "e( Re(.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,B> F'*&ra <,>6/ Pro*ra$a#'; "e "'sparo para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e M.r'"a II,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,B5 F'*&ra <,>>/ Gra0'#o res&(!a!e "e (a pro*ra$a#'; "e "'sparo para & #or!o#'r#&'!o e M.r'"a II,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,B5 F'*&ra <,>5/ Res&(!a"os "e &jo "e Car*a e (os No"os #o Nep(a ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,B<
7 F'*&ra <,>/ Tab(a "e T'e$po "e "'sparo "e Re(.s para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Fr)a II,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7>
F'*&ra <,>=/ Tab(a "e T'e$po "e "'sparo "e Re(.s para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Sa Cr's!;ba( II,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7> F'*&ra <,>B/ Tab(a "e T'e$po "e "'sparo "e Re(.s para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Sa A!o'o,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,75 F'*&ra <,>7/ Tab(a "e T'e$po "e "'sparo "e Re(.s para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Pa(o Gra"e,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,75 F'*&ra <,>/ Tab(a "e T'e$po "e "'sparo "e Re(.s para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Sa Cr's!;ba( I,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7< F'*&ra <,>/ Tab(a "e T'e$po "e "'sparo "e Re(.s para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e La Gr'!a,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7< F'*&ra <,56/ Tab(a "e T'e$po "e "'sparo "e Re(.s para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e La Pe"rera,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7 F'*&ra <,5>/ Tab(a "e T'e$po "e "'sparo "e Re(.s para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e G&as"&a('!o,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7 F'*&ra <,55/ Tab(a "e T'e$po "e "'sparo "e Re(.s para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e To2ar,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7= F'*&ra <,5/ Tab(a "e T'e$po "e "'sparo "e Re(.s para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Ce$e!o A"'o,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7 F'*&ra <,<5/ Tab(a "e T'e$po "e "'sparo "e Re(.s para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o
e
Tr&j'((o,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7 F'*&ra <,<,>/ Fa#!ores "e Vo(!aje # @Nor$a IEC 64 !ab(a >,,,,,,,,,,, Tab(a N <,>/ Da!os "e Ca('bra#'; "e (os Re(.s "e Sobre#orr'e!e "e (a oa T1#8'ra,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,== Tab(a N <,5/ Aj&s!es rea('-a"os a 2ar'os "e (os Re(.s "e Sobre#orr'e!e "e (a oa T1#8'ra,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,== Tab(a N <,
>
Tab(a N <,/ Aj&s!es rea('-a"os a 2ar'os "e (os Re(.s "e Sobre#orr'e!e "e (a oa M.r'"a,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,=B Tab(a N <,=/ Da!os "e Ca('bra#'; "e (os Re(.s "e Sobre#orr'e!e "e (a oa Tr&j'((o,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,=7 Tab(a N <,B/ Aj&s!es rea('-a"os a 2ar'os "e (os Re(.s "e Sobre#orr'e!e "e (a oa Tr&j'((o,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,=7 Tab(a N <,7/ Da!os "e &jo "e #ar*a s&$''s!ra"os por e( Despa#8o "e Car*a @PoQer Fa#!or3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, B Tab(a N <,/ D'0ere#'as por#e!&a( e!re Nep(a 3 Da!os "e PoQer Fa#!or3 e (os 2o(!ajes "e (as S&bes!a#'oes "e( S's!e$a "e Po!e#'a ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,B= Tab(a N <,/ Da!os "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o s&$''s!ra"os por e( Despa#8o "e Car*a @PoQer Fa#!or3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, B7 Tab(a N <,>6/ D'0ere#'as e!re Nep(a 3 Da!os "e PoQer Fa#!or3 e (as Corr'e!es 3 Po!e#'as "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,B Tab(a N <,>>/ Por#e!ajes "e error e!re (as Corr'e!es 3 po!e#'as "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o ob!e'"as #o e( pro*ra$a Nep(a 3 (os "a!os s&$''s!ra"os "e PoQer Fa#!or3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,B
RESUMEN APLICACIÓN DEL PROGRAMA NEPLAN AL DISEÑO Y COORDINACION DEL SISTEMA DE PROTECCIONES DE UN SISTEMA DE POTENCIA
E( prese!e !rabajo #os!'!&3e &a ap('#a#'; "e( Pro*ra$a NEPLAN @Ne!Qor P(a'* 2ers'; =,5 e e( "'se:o 3 #oor"'a#'; "e pro!e##'oes e S's!e$as "e Po!e#'a, Se eJp(ora "'2ersas &!'('"a"es "e( pro*ra$a #o$o (os $;"&(os "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o 3 Pro!e##'oes 3 se prese!a &a '0or$a#'; "e!a((a"a "e (a $aera e %&e se a"$''s!ra (os "a!os %&e #orrespo"e a &a re" "e po!e#'a, Se 8a#e es!&"'os "e F(&jo "e Car*a 3 Cor!o#'r#&'!o a &a par!e "e( S's!e$a "e Po!e#'a O##'"e!a( "e( Pa)s @T1#8'ra4 M.r'"a 3 Tr&j'((o4 #o (a 0'a('"a" "e rea('-ar e( "'se:o 3 #oor"'a#'; "e Pro!e##'oes para "'#8o S's!e$a4 (os res&(!a"os 0&ero #o$para"os #o (os "a!os rea(es #os'*&'."ose bas!a!e s'$'('!&" e!re (os 2a(ores ob!e'"os 3 (os rea(es4 "e es!a $aera se p&"o #orroborar (a e0'#'e#'a 3 e9#a#'a "e( pro*ra$a Nep(a,
> INTRODUCCIÓN La #o$p(ej'"a" e '$por!a#'a "e( b&e 0&#'oa$'e!o "e (os e(e$e!os %&e #o0or$a & S's!e$a "e Po!e#'a4 e( #&a( #os!a ese#'a($e!e "e &a Ce!ra( "e Geera#';4 & S's!e$a "e Tras$'s';4 & S's!e$a "e S&b!ras$'s'; 3 & S's!e$a "e D's!r'b&#';4 re%&'ere "e & S's!e$a "e Pro!e##'oes %&e #&$p(a #'er!as #ara#!er)s!'#as #o$o Se(e#!'2'"a"4 Co9ab'('"a"4 Rap'"e-4 E#oo$)a4 F(eJ'b'('"a" 3 Se#'((e- para %&e se (o*re e( $ejor "ese$pe:o pos'b(e 3 as) pro!e*er e( S's!e$a "e #&a(%&'er !'po "e 0a((a, Las 0&#'oes "e Pro!e##'; re%&er'"as e & S's!e$a "e Po!e#'a *eera($e!e so rea('-a"as por Re(.s "e Pro!e##'; es!os e%&'pos #o$para per$ae!e$e!e (os 2a(ores "e (as $a*'!&"es e(.#!r'#as "e( S's!e$a "e Po!e#'a @I!es'"a"4 Tes';4 Fre#&e#'a4 e!#, #o &os 2a(ores ()$'!e4 3 %&e *eera a&!o$1!'#a$e!e ;r"ees "e a##'; #o$o por eje$p(o (a aper!&ra "e & "'s3&!or para a's(ar e( !ra$o bajo 0a((a, Para rea('-ar & es!&"'o "e Pro!e##'oes 3 Coor"'a#'; "e Pro!e##'oes es e#esar'o pr'$ero rea('-ar e( Es!&"'o "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o e e( S's!e$a E(.#!r'#o "e Po!e#'a %&e se 2a a aa('-ar4 3a %&e #o es!e se p&e"e "e!er$'ar (as #orr'e!es %&e o#as'oa (os es0&er-os 0)s'#os 3 !.r$'#os a (os %&e so so$e!'"os !o"os (os e(e$e!os %&e (o #o0or$a 3 "e es!a $aera ob!eer (os par1$e!ros e#esar'os para '!ro"&#'r (os Re(.s, U 0a((o E(.#!r'#o e & S's!e$a "e Po!e#'a o es $1s %&e (a a(!era#'; 3o '!err&p#'; "e s& 0&#'oa$'e!o or$a( e e( F(&jo "e Po!e#'a, Las #a&sas por (as #&a(es se prese!a & 0a((o e(.#!r'#o so $&3 "'2ersas4 #o$o por eje$p(o/ "es#ar*as a!$os0.r'#as4 #a)"a "e 1rbo(es sobre (as ()eas4 2a"a('s$o4 e!re o!ras, Por (o *eera(4 (a ob!e#'; "e !o"os (os "a!os e#esar'os para rea('-ar & es!&"'o "e #or!o#'r#&'!o 3 as) "'se:ar4 se(e##'oar 3 #oor"'ar (as pro!e##'oes "e (os e(e$e!os %&e #o0or$a e( S's!e$a "e Po!e#'a4 re%&'ere "e & pro#eso $&3 (ar*o 3
!e"'oso "epe"'e"o "e (a !opo(o*)a "e (a re" #o %&e se es!e !rabaja"o4 es por es!o %&e a !ra2.s "e (os a:os se 8a '"o "esarro((a"o pro*ra$as #o$p&!a#'oa(es %&e (e br'"a a( '*e'ero &a $aera se#'((a 3 e0'#a- "e ob!eer !o"os (os par1$e!ros e#esar'os para e( es!&"'o "e #or!o#'r#&'!os "e (os s's!e$as e(.#!r'#os "e Po!e#'a, E!re es!os pro*ra$as se e#&e!ra e( NEPLAN 4 #&3a 2ers'; #o L'#e#'a U'2ers'!ar'a per$'!e es!&"'ar s's!e$as e(.#!r'#os "e 8as!a =6 No"os4 a (os #&a(es se (es p&e"e rea('-ar e( a1('s's4 op!'$'-a#'; 3 p(a'0'#a#';, E es!e !rabajo se es!&"'ara (os $;"&(os "e F(&jo "e Car*a 3 Cor!o#'r#&'!o e 0or$a *eera( 3 $1s pro0&"a$e!e se aa('-ar1 e( M;"&(o "e Pro!e##'oes, La prese!e Tes's se es!r&#!&ra "e (a s'*&'e!e 0or$a/ Cap)!&(o I/ Mar#o Te;r'#o E es!e #ap)!&(o se "es#r'be bre2e$e!e (os !'pos "e #or!o#'r#&'!os %&e se p&e"e prese!ar e &a 's!a(a#'; e(.#!r'#a4 (os $.!o"os para 8a((ar (as #orr'e!es "e #or!o#'r#&'!o4 (a pro!e##'; "e ()eas 3 (os pr'#'pa(es re(.s %&e se e$p(ea para e((o4 as) #o$o (a Coor"'a#'; "e (os $'s$os, Cap)!&(o II/ Nep(a, M;"&(os "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o 3 Pro!e##'oes ? Se prese!a &a '!ro"&##'; "e( pro*ra$a 3 (a &b'#a#'; 3 #o!e'"o "e (os $;"&(os "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o 3 Pro!e##'oes respe#!'2a$e!e, E( $a&a( "e( Pro*ra$a se &b'#a e e( aeJo, Cap)!&(o III/ Caso "e Es!&"'o Se aa('-a e( s's!e$a O##'"e!a( "e( pa)s @T1#8'ra4 M.r'"a 3 Tr&j'((o a( #&a( se (e 8a#e es!&"'os "e F(&jo "e #ar*a 3 Cor!o#'r#&'!o 3 se #o$para #o "a!os rea(es4 se rea('-a e( es!&"'o "e Coor"'a#'; "e pro!e##'oes 3 se '!ro"&#e re(.s "e Sobre#orr'e!e 3 D's!a#'a e !o"as (as S&bes!a#'oes "e( s's!e$a,
USTIFICACIÓN E( a1('s's "e s's!e$as "e po!e#'a &!'('-a"o 8erra$'e!as #o$p&!ar'-a"as4 per$'!e a"e(a!ar a#o!e#'$'e!os %&e a3&"ar1 e (a !o$a "e "e#'s'oes opor!&as e #asos "e #o!'*e#'as4 as) #o$o "e pro3e##'oes a#or"e #o e( #re#'$'e!o "e (a "e$a"a, NEPLAN es & s's!e$a $&3 a$'*ab(e "e '0or$a#'; 3 p(aea$'e!o "e re"es e(.#!r'#as "e po!e#'a4 $&3 &!'('-a"o a '2e( '!era#'oa(4 "oa"o a( "epar!a$e!o "e po!e#'a por e( *r&po s&'-o +PC, Es!e pro*ra$a po"r)a ser "e $a &!'('"a" #o$o #o$p(e$e!o "e (as #(ases "e (a $a!er'a S's!e$as "e Po!e#'a I 3 II4 Pro!e##'oes4 pro3e#!os "e *ra"o 3 e (as a#!'2'"a"es "e '2es!'*a#'; "e (os '*e'eros "e"'#a"os a( 1rea "e S's!e$a "e Po!e#'a, Para e((o4 es e#esar'o e!e"er #aba($e!e (as 0&#'oes 3 0a#'('"a"es "e (os "'0ere!es $;"&(os "e ap('#a#'; "e( pro*ra$a4 obje!'2o %&e po"r)a (o*rarse a !ra2.s "e (os "'0ere!es !rabajos "e *ra"o, E es!e !rabajo "e *ra"o se propoe e( es!&"'o "e( $;"&(o "e Pro!e##'oes 3 s& ap('#a#'; a( p(a!ea$'e!o4 a1('s's 3 pro!e##'; "e re"es "e po!e#'a, ANTECEDENTES Es!e !rabajo "e *ra"o #os!'!&3e &a #o!'&a#'; a (a ser'e "e !rabajos "e *ra"o %&e se 8a rea('-a"o #o (a 9a('"a" "e eJp(orar (os "'2ersos $;"&(os "e( Pro*ra$a NEPLAN4 e!re (os #&a(es !ee$os/ Ap('#a#'; "e( Pro*ra$a NEPLAN a( Es!&"'o "e Es!ab'('"a" "e S's!e$as "e Po!e#'a, Rea('-a"o por Mar'ae(a Abe(e, Ap('#a#'; "e( Pro*ra$a NEPLAN e e( P(aea$'e!o 3 A1('s's "e Re"es "e Po!e#'a, Par!e I, Rea('-a"o por Mar'(3 D)a-, Ap('#a#'; "e( Pro*ra$a NEPLAN a( C1(#&(o "e Fa((os S'$.!r'#os 3 As'$.!r'#os e Re"es "e Po!e#'a, Rea('-a"o por A(eJa"er Pe:a(o-a,
A s& 2e- e( Pro*ra$a NEPLAN 8a s'"o &!'('-a"o e "'2ersos !rabajos "e *ra"o #o$o &a 8erra$'e!a "e apo3o para rea('-ar s'$&(a#'oes "e "'2ersos S's!e$as "e Po!e#'a, E!re es!os es!1/ Es!&"'o "e( Co$por!a$'e!o "e (a L)ea "e >>= 2, Cabr&!a?P&er!o A3a#o4 bajo r.*'$e "e opera#'; or$a(, Rea('-a"o por Abe" Fa"3 Es!&"'o "e Coor"'a#'; "e Pro!e##'oes "e( S's!e$a E(.#!r'#o I"&s!r'a( "e (a F1br'#a "e V'"r'os "e (os A"es C,A @FAVIANCA, Rea('-a"o por ora#'o Ara&jo, A1('s's "e Fa((as e (as L)eas "e Tras$'s'; "e >>= 2 "e (as S&bes!a#'oes +ar'as I4 II4 III, Rea('-a"o por Eber Mo('a
O+ETIVOS Obje!'2os *eera(es
Es!&"'ar e( 0&#'oa$'e!o "e( $;"&(o "e Pro!e##'; "e( pro*ra$a NEPLAN, Obje!'2os espe#)0'#os ? E!e"er e *eera( e( 0&#'oa$'e!o "e( pro*ra$a NEPLAN , ? Es!&"'ar (os $o"e(os 3 "a!os "e (os e(e$e!os #o$poe!es "e & s's!e$a "e po!e#'a4 &!'('-a"os por e( pro*ra$a NEPLAN ? Es!&"'ar (as "'0ere!es 0&#'oes 3 0a#'('"a"es "e( $;"&(o "e Pro!e##'; 3 ap('#ar(o a "'0ere!es #asos "e es!&"'o "e pro!e##'; a "'s!a#'a4 sobre#orr'e!e 3 #oor"'a#'; "e pro!e##'oes,
CAPÍTULO I MARCO TEÓRICO
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M.!o"o ANSI Las Nor$as ANSI %&e se ap('#a a#!&a($e!e a( ra*o "e (os e%&'pos '#(&3e (a C<7,6>6 para s's!e$as "e >666 V 3 $1s4 3 (a C<7,>< para (os s's!e$as por "ebajo "e >666 V, E( $.!o"o "e 1.1.2.6
#1(#&(o "e #or!o#'r#&'!o propor#'oa"o por (a or$a ANSI es "es#r'!o (o $ejor pos'b(e #o$o &a '$pe"a#'a base, Ua '!erpre!a#'; "e!er$'a!e "e (as or$as ANSI re%&'ere separar (as so(&#'oes "e (a re" para/ I$pe"a#'a "e re" "e bajo 2o(!aje, I$pe"a#'a "e re" $o$e!1ea "e $e"'o 3 a(!o 2o(!aje, I$pe"a#'a "e re" "e $e"'o 3 a(!o 2o(!aje "e '!err&p#';, La re" "e bajo 2o(!aje re%&'ere %&e !o"as (as $1%&'as4 '#(&3e"o !o"os (os !a$a:os "e (os $o!ores "e '"&##';4 sea '#(&'"as #o$o par!e "e (a re" "e '$pe"a#'a, Las #orr'e!es s'$.!r'#as se #a(#&(a para #o$parar(as #o (os ra*os "e (os e%&'pos, Para (a re" "e #'erre 3 re#'erre @$o$e!1eo (a or$a ANSI C? <7,6>6 re%&'ere "e( &so "e 2ar'os 0a#!ores "e $&(!'p('#a#'; para (as rea#!a#'as s&b!ras'!or'as 3 0a#!ores "e $&(!'p('#a#'; para (as re"es "e res's!e#'a 3 rea#!a#'a e e( #aso "e (a re" "e '!err&p#';, W
Para $a3or '0or$a#'; a#er#a "e (os M.!o"os IEC 3 ANSI4 se re#o$'e"a re2'sar (a Tes's Ap('#a#'; "e( Pro*ra$a NEPLAN a( C1(#&(o "e 0a((os S'$.!r'#os 3 As'$.!r'#os e Re"es "e Po!e#'a 1.2 Pro!e##';
"e S's!e$as "e Po!e#'a E & S's!e$a "e Po!e#'a4 (os "'spos'!'2os "e pro!e##'; so (os e#ar*a"os "e "e!e#!ar 3 a's(ar !a r1p'"o #o$o sea pos'b(e & e2e!o "e 0a((a, E!re (os "'spos'!'2os $1s &!'('-a"os se !'ee (os re(.s "e pro!e##';, U re(. "e pro!e##';4 es & "'spos'!'2o %&e se p&e"e eer*'-ar por &a se:a( "e 2o(!aje4 &a se:a( "e #orr'e!e o a$bas, C&a"o es eer*'-a"o4 opera para a's(ar (as #o"'#'oes aor$a(es "e opera#'; "eb'"o a 0a((as e e( S's!e$a, +1s'#a$e!e & re(. "e pro!e##';4 #os's!e "e & e(e$e!o "e opera#'; 3 "e & #oj&!o "e #o!a#!os e( e(e$e!o "e opera#'; !o$a (a se:a( a"ap!a"a por (os "'spos'!'2os sesores "e( s's!e$a4 !a(es #o$o (os !ras0or$a"ores "e po!e#'a( 3 "e #orr'e!e o "e a$bos, W>X 1.3
Pro!e##'; #o!ra sobre#ar*as,
Es!e !'po "e pro!e##'oes s&e(e &!'('-arse e ()eas s&b!err1eas #o$o $e"'"a "e pre#a&#'; para e2'!ar e( paso "e '!es'"a"es s&per'ores a (as o$'a(es4 #o e( #os'*&'e!e pe('*ro para e( a's(a$'e!o4 por #a&sas !.r$'#as, Na!&ra($e!e es!e eJ#eso "e '!es'"a" es s'e$pre $&3 '0er'or a (a #orr'e!e "e #or!o#'r#&'!o4 &!'('-1"ose para s& pre2e#'; "'spos'!'2os !.r$'#os o $a*.!'#os4 s'$'(ares a (os &!'('-a"os e (as pro!e##'oes "e $o!ores, Ta$b'. p&e"e &!'('-arse 0&s'b(es4 #o$o "'spos'!'2os para '!err&$p'r e( paso "e #orr'e!e, A"e$1s4 p&e"e #ose*&'rse &a pro!e##'; e0'#a- "e sobre'!es'"a"es #o se##'oa"ores e #ar*a #o$b'a"o #o 0&s'b(es "e aper!&ra r1p'"a 3 re(.s !.r$'#os WX, Pro!e##'; "e L)eas La se*&r'"a" e e( s&$''s!ro "e eer*)a e(.#!r'#a "es"e (a #e!ra( a( p&!o "e #os&$o "epe"e4 e *ra par!e4 "e( *ra"o "e pro!e##'; pre2's!o e (as 1.4
5
s&bes!a#'oes 3 ()eas '!er$e"'as, Ua ()ea e(.#!r'#a "ebe es!ar pro!e*'"a #o!ra sobre'!es'"a"es4 #or!o#'r#&'!os 3 sobre!es'oes, Los re(.s "e pro!e##'; "ebe respo"er a "'2ersas eJ'*e#'as/ Cos&$o prop'o re"&#'"o, Ses'b'('"a", Capa#'"a" "e sopor!ar #or!o#'r#&'!os s' "e0or$arse, EJa#!'!&" "e (os 2a(ores "e 0&#'oa$'e!o, I"'#a#'; "e (os 2a(ores "e 0&#'oa$'e!o $e"'a!e se:a(es ;p!'#as, Pos'b'('"a" "e !ras$'s'; "e (os 2a(ores $e"'"os para (a '"'#a#'; a "'s!a#'a, E( 0&#'oa$'e!o *eera( "e (os re(.s "e pro!e##'; es !a( %&e4 a( sobrepasar o "es#e"er por "ebajo "e & 2a(or "e (a $a*'!&" "e a##'; %&e e((os 2'*'(a4 se pro"&#e e( "'sparo "e( '!err&p!or "e po!e#'a W,<,> T'pos "e re(. "e pro!e##'; "e ()eas Se* s& 0&#'oa$'e!o (os re(.s "e pro!e##'; p&e"e ser/ Sobre#orr'e!e, Sobre!es'; 3 S&b!es';, Re(. "e !'erra, D'0ere#'a(es, D's!a#'a, P'(o!o, >,<,>,> Re(. "e Sobre#orr'e!e, E( apara!o a#!a #&a"o (a #orr'e!e %&e #'r#&(a sobrepasa (a #orr'e!e o$'a(, Es!a #(ase "e re(.s se &!'('-a pr'#'pa($e!e para pro!e*er ()eas 3 so "e !'e$po '2erso es "e#'r a $a3or #orr'e!e e( !'e$po "e opera#'; "'s$'&3e, E( re(. !e$por'-a"o "e sobre#orr'e!e '"epe"'e!e/ es (a #o$b'a#'; "e re(.s "e !'e$po 3 "e '!es'"a"4 #&a"o se "e!e#!a &a sobre'!es'"a" se poe e
0&#'oa$'e!o e( $e#a's$o "e !'e$po %&e es !o!a($e!e '"epe"'e!e "e (a $a*'!&" "e (a '!es'"a", E( re(. !e$por'-a"o "e sobre#orr'e!e !.r$'#o/ es!e !'po "e re(. a#!a a( #abo "e &os se*&"os "e pro"&#'rse (a sobre#ar*a4 "'s$'&3e"o e( !'e$po "e "'sparo 0&er!e$e!e a( a&$e!ar (a '!es'"a", E( Re(. "e Sobre#orr'e!e respo"e a (a s'*&'e!e e#&a#';/ 5 Iarr >Iarr 5 5 < >
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E( re(. "e 2'*'(a#'a "e (a !es'; !r'01s'#a se #o(o#a e re"es !r'01s'#as para (a 2'*'(a#'a "e (as !res !es'oes e re(es "e pro!e##'; o #o!a"ores 3 as) e2'!ar "'sparos o $e"'#'oes err;eas, Geera($e!e se:a(a 0&er!es "es#esos o (a #a)"a "e &a o 2ar'as !es'oes, Re(. "e !'erra, E( re(. "e 2'*'(a#'a "e #o!a#!o a !'erra !'ee (a $'s'; "e se:a('-ar '$e"'a!a$e!e4 e re"es s' p&es!as a !'erra "e( p&!o es!re((a4 (os #o!a#!os a !'erra %&e se prese!e e (a re", Los "'spos'!'2os "e eJ!'#'; "e #o!a#!os a !'erra "'s$'&3e (a #orr'e!e e (os p&!os "e #o!a#!o a !'erra a &a $e"'"a o perj&"'#'a(4 e2'!a"o poer '$e"'a!a$e!e 0&era "e ser2'#'o (as par!es "e (a ()ea a0e#!a"as por e( #o!a#!o a !'erra WX, 1.3.1.3
Re(. "'0ere#'a(, T'ee (a $'s'; "e "e!e#!ar (a #orr'e!e "e "e0e#!o "e &a ()ea por #o$para#'; "e (as #orr'e!es e s&s "os eJ!re$os #ap!a"as por $e"'o "e !ras0or$a"ores "e #orr'e!e, Es!e !'po "e re(.s 1.3.1.4
opera 0a((as '!eras "e#'r para 0a((as &b'#a"asso(o e #&a"o (a -oa o#&rre "o"e se e#&e!ra e( es e(e$e!o pro!e*'"o @2er 0'*&ra, La pro!e##'; "'0ere#'a( es &a 0or$a "e #oe#!ar & Re(. 3 "os o $1s Tras0or$a"ores "e Corr'e!e, C&a"o (a #o$para#'; "e #orr'e!es se 8a#e "e "os ()eas e para(e(o4 se ((a$a re(. "'0ere#'a( !ras2ersa( W=X,
F'*&ra >,, Es%&e$a "e 0&#'oa$'e!o "e & Re(. "'0ere#'a(
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F'*&ra >,=, C&r2a "e opera#'; "e & Re(. D'0ere#'a( para $K= Re(. "e "'s!a#'a, Es & "'spos'!'2o %&e a#!a a( pro"&#'rse #or!o#'r#&'!os e (as ()eas "&ra!e & !'e$po %&e res&(!a propor#'oa( a (a "'s!a#'a "o"e se 8a3a pro"&#'"o "'#8o "e0e#!o, Es!e !'po "e pro!e##'; *eera($e!e &!'('-a re(.s "e !res e!apas (as "os pr'$eras "e pro!e##'; pr'#'pa( 3 (a !er#era "e respa("o 3 es e( $1s *eera('-a"o e ()eas "e $e"'a 3 a(!a !es';, Los re(.s "e "'s!a#'a so #o$b'a#'oes "e re(.s "e sobre#orr'e!e @!e$por'-a"os e 's!a!1eos4 re(.s "e sobre!es'; 3 1.3.1.5
s&b!es'; re(.s "'re##'oa(es, A( rea('-ar3 "'0ere!es #o$b'a#'oes "e (as #ara#!er)s!'#as "e (os re(.s a!er'ores se ob!'ee e( Re(. "e I$pe"a#'a4 e( Re(. M8o4 e( Re(. "e Rea#!a#'a 3 e( Re(. "e Res's!e#'a WBX
Ca('bra#'; "e (os Re(.s "e D's!a#'a ? Pr'$era e!apa/ se #a('bra 8as!a & 6 "e (a ()ea %&e pro!e*e e( re(. es!e ()$'!e se 0'ja #o e( obje!'2o "e e2'!ar s&perpos'#'; #o (a pr'$era e!apa "e( re(. "e (a ()ea a"3a#e!e, ? Se*&"a e!apa/ #&bre e( res!o "e (a ()ea 3 "ebe pro! e*er por (o $eos & 56 e (a ()ea a"3a#e!e ? Ter#era e!apa/ es "e respa("o a (a s'*&'e!e ()ea 3 se #a('bra e 0&#'; "e (a se(e#!'2'"a" #o (a !er#era e!apa "e( re(. "e (a ()ea a"3a#e!e, P'(o! o La pro!e##'; p'(o!o es &a "e (as $ejores 2)as para pro!e*er &a ()ea, Se &sa s'e$pre %&e se re%&'ere *ra 2e(o#'"a" "e pro!e##'; para !o"os (os !'pos "e #or!os #'r#&'!os 3 para #&a(%&'er &b'#a#'; "e (a 0a((a, Los s's!e$as "e pro!e##'; p'(o!o so a%&e((os #o (os %&e se #&e!a #o & #aa( "e #o$&'#a#'oes e!re (os "os eJ!re$os "e &a ()ea 3 !'ee por obje!o "e!er$'ar #o eJa#!'!&" s' &a 0a((a es '!era o eJ!era a (a ()ea %&e se es!1 pro!e*'e"o, Se &!'('-a (os s'*&'e!es #aa(es "e #o$&'#a#'oes W=X/ '(o P'(o!o/ e es!a pro!e##'; se &!'('-a & par "e a(a$bres !e(e0;'#os e!re (os "os eJ!re$os "e (a ()ea, Es!e s's!e$a o se &!'('-a e ()eas #o $1s "e 56 $, 3 (os $.!o"os $1s &sa"os "er'2a"os "e es!a pro!e##'; so M.!o"o "e C'r#&(a#'; "e Corr'e!e 3 M.!o"o "e (os Vo(!ajes op&es!os, P'(o!o "e Corr'e!e por!a"ora/ U!'('-a (a ()ea "e !ras$'s'; para !ras$'!'r '0or$a#'; e!re "os s&bes!a#'oes, P'(o!o "e M'#roo"as/ E es!a pro!e##'; e( a're es e( $e"'o por e( #&a( se e2)a (as se:a(es "e & eJ!re$o "e (a ()ea a( o!ro, 1.3.1.6
>, Coor"'a#'; "e Pro!e##'oes Coor"'a#'; "e pro!e##'oes es (a se#&e#'a %&e "ebe eJ's!'r e!re (os !'e$pos "e opera#'; "e (os "'0ere!es re(.s4 #o e( 9 "e preser2ar (a se(e#!'2'"a" "e( s's!e$a "e pro!e##'oes,
I0or$a#'; e#esar'a para rea('-ar &a #oor"'a#'; "e Pro!e##'oes W>X D'a*ra$a U'9(ar/ M&es!ra (os "e!a((es "e( s's!e$a #o$p(e!o4 '#(&3e"o (os "'spos'!'2os "e pro!e##'; 3 e%&'pos espe#'0'#a"o (as #oeJ'oes "e( e&!ro a( s's!e$a "e p&es!a a !'erra, D'a*ra$a "e I$pe"a#'a/ A(() se espe#'0'#a (as #oeJ'oes "e !o"os (os e(e$e!os s'*'9#a!'2os "e (a re" #o$o !ras0or$a"ores4 #ab(es4 $o!ores *ra"es4 e!#, A1('s's "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o/ Per$'!e espe#'9#ar (os 2a(ores $1J'$os 3 $)'$os "e (as #orr'e!es "e #or!o #'r#&'!o %&e pasa por #a"a "'spos'!'2o "e pro!e##';4 #&3o #o$por!a$'e!o "ebe ser es!&"'a"o bajo #o"'#'oes "e opera#';, Da!os "e #a('bra#'; "e (os "'spos'!'2os/ So "a!os re#aba"os "'re#!a$e!e "e (os "'0ere!es re(.s "e pro!e##';4 "a!os "e 0abr'#a#';4 #&r2as !'e$po? #orr'e!es !a!o "e (os re(.s #o$o "e (os 0&s'b(es,
Pro#e"'$'e!o a se*&'r para rea('-ar &a Coor"'a#'; "e Pro!e##'oes WBX >,? a#er & a1('s's "e 0a((a s&po'e"o 0a((as e (os eJ!re$os "e (as ()eas, De es!o se ob!'ee e( 2a(or "e (a #orr'e!e para #a"a !'po "e 0a((a,
5,? Se(e##'oar e( TAP "e( re(., La pro!e##'; pr'$ar'a "ebe #&br'r !o"as (as 0a((as e s& -oa "e pro!e##';4 a"e$1s "e ser2'r "e respa("o a (a s'*&'e!e se##'; "e ()ea,
<,? Ca('brar e( re(. $1s a(eja"o "e (a 0&e!e, D'#8o re(. "ebe operar #o (a $)'$a #orr'e!e "e 0a((a pro"&#'"a por &a 0a((a es "e#'r
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,? Ca('brar e( re(. '$e"'a!a$e!e a!er'or, S' 3a se !'ee #a('bra"o e( re(. $1s a(eja"o "e (a 0&e!e4 es pos'b(e ob!eer "e s& #ara#!er)s!'#a "e !'e$po "e opera#';4 e( !'e$po para &a 0a((a H a!er'or es "e#'r/ !J ! ! Coo#'"o es!e !'e$po 3 e( $(!'p(o M %&e #a&sa (a #orr'e!e "e 0a((a e H4 se p&e"e "e!er$'ar (a &b'#a#'; "e( DIAL, E( 2a(or "e! "epe"e "e 2ar'os 0a#!ores/ a,? De( !'e$po "e opera#'; "e( '!err&p!or "e po!e#'a
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6,> se*&"os,
#,? Mar*e "e se*&r'"a" por error "e (os !ras0or$a"ores "e #orr'e!e4 "e( #1(#&(o "e (as #orr'e!es "e 6,6 1.1 se*&"os 0a((a4 e!#, = Se p&e"e "e#'r %&e para re(.s e(e#!ro$a*.!'#os ! os#'(a e!re 6,< 3 6,= se*&"os,
CAPÍTULO II EL PROGRAMA NEPLAN Es!e pa%&e!e #o$p&!a#'oa( es &a 8erra$'e!a "e *ra a3&"a para e( a1('s's4 p(aea$'e!o 3 op!'$'-a#'; "e S's!e$as E(.#!r'#os "e Po!e#'a4 e( #&a( 8a s'"o &!'('-a"o #o $o .J'!o e !o"o e( $&"o, F&e "esarro((a"o por e( *r&po +CP @+&sare((o ] Co!! ] Par!er I#, e #oopera#'; #o (as &!'('"a"es "e A++ GM+ 3 e( Is!'!&!o Fe"era( "e Te#o(o*)a S&'-o e( pro*ra$a 8a s'"o $ejora"o e 2ar'as o#as'oes a par!'r "e s& #rea#'; e e( a:o >, Co NEPLAN es pos'b(e rea('-ar e( a1('s's "e s's!e$as "e po!e#'a '!e*ra"o para Re"es E(.#!r'#as "e Tras$'s';4 D's!r'b&#'; e I"&s!r'a(es4 '#(&3e"o F(&jo "e Car*a Óp!'$o4 Es!ab'('"a" Tras'!or'a 3 "e Pe%&e:a Se:a(4 a"e$1s "e A1('s's "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o, S& 2ers'; ^'"oQs4 es &a 8erra$'e!a *r10'#a "e p(aea$'e!o #o$p(e!a$e!e '!e*ra"a4 or'e!a"a a obje!os4 #o (a #&a( se p&e"e !rabajar sobre e( "'a*ra$a &'0'(ar per$'!'e"o (a #rea#'; "e es!os a !ra2.s "e & s's!e$a a$'*ab(e 3 01#'( CAD @D'se:o As's!'"o por Co$p&!a"ora, Ta$b'. prese!a (a pos'b'('"a" "e eJpor!ar e '$por!ar ar#8'2os a o!ros pro*ra$as @#o$o MICROSOFT EHCEL4 MICROSOFT ^ORD a !ra2.s "e (a 0&#'oa('"a" OLE, E( pro*ra$a NEPLAN @2ers'; =,5 se e#&e!ra "'spo'b(e para 2ar'os s's!e$as opera!'2os *r10'#os #o$o (o so/ ^'"oQs =4 ^'"oQs NT 3 ^'"oQs 56664 e!re o!ros 3 p&e"e ser &!'('-a"o bajo #'er!os a$b'e!es "e re"es "e #o$p&!a"oras, A (os e0e#!os "e #o$p(e$e!ar (a '0or$a#'; sobre es!e pro*ra$a4 se a*ra"e#e re2'sar e( AeJo N > "o"e se $&es!ra (os #o#ep!os b1s'#os "e( Nep(a 3 (a 0or$a e #o$o se $aeja e '!ro"&#e (os "a!os,
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2.1 M;"&(o
"e Cor!o#'r#&'!o "e NEPLAN
Para rea('-ar & es!&"'o "e Coor"'a#'; "e Pro!e##'oes es e#esar'o eJp('#ar a!es e( 0&#'oa$'e!o "e( M;"&(o "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o "e( pro*ra$a NEPLAN para po"er s'$&(ar (os respe#!'2os 0a((os e (a re" #o %&e se es!. !rabaja"o, A #o!'&a#'; se "e!a((a (as #ara#!er)s!'#as "e es!e M;"&(o, E( Mo"&(o "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o se &b'#a $e"'a!e A1('s's e (a +arra "e Me4 a( "ejar '$;2'( e( #&rsor sobre es!a op#';4 apare#e o!ro $e "o"e se p&e"e obser2ar (as s'*&'e!es op#'oes W5X/
F'*&ra 5,> Op#'oes "e( M;"&(o "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o 2.1.1 Ca(#&(ar
La op#'; #a(#&(ar se &sa para eje#&!ar e( #1(#&(o o a1('s's respe#!'2o, A!es "e #orrer &a s'$&(a#';4 se "ebe re2'sar (a op#'; par1$e!ros para 2er'0'#ar %&e !o"os (os par1$e!ros "e #1(#&(o es!. #orre#!os,
Re"es Par#'a(es Para a(*&os $;"&(os es pos'b(e eje#&!ar e( #1(#&(o s;(o para (as re"es par#'a(es "esea"as, Ua re" par#'a( es &a re" %&e o es!1 #oe#!a"a a o!ra4 "eb'"o4 por eje$p(o4 a ()eas ab'er!as, E( pro*ra$a "esp('e*a &a ('s!a "e !o"as (as re"es par#'a(es eJ's!e!es4 3 e( &s&ar'o p&e"e se(e##'oar (as %&e "esea %&e se 2.1.2
'#(&3a e e( #1(#&(o, Par1$e!ros A!es "e eje#&!ar & a1('s's4 se "ebe aj&s!ar (os par1$e!ros "e #1(#&(o, Se p&e"e a##e"er a !o"os (os par1$e!ros &!'('-a"os e e( a1('s's respe#!'2o4 se p&e"e a#!'2ar op#'oes a"'#'oa(es 3 8a#er aj&s!es para (os "a!os "e '!era#';, Es!a op#'; prese!a &a 2e!aa "e "'1(o*o4 (a #&a( es!1 0or$a"a por (as pes!a:as Par1$e!ros4 No"os bajo 0a((a4 Fa((as e ()ea4 Fa((a espe#'a(4 %&e ser1 eJp('#a"as a #o!'&a#';/ 2.1.3
2.1.3.1. Par1$e!ro
T'po Fa((a/ "o"e se p&e"e se(e##'oar (a a!&ra(e-a "e (a 0a((a a es!&"'ar4 (as #&a(es p&e"e ser/ ? Fa((a Tr'01s'#a, ? Fa((a Moo01s'#a, ? Fa((a +'01s'#a, ? Fa((a +'01s'#a a !'erra/ e( pro*ra$a #a(#&(a e( !'po "e 0a((a pre"e0''"o por e( &s&ar'o, ? Fa((a e !o"as (as 0ases eJ's!e!es, M.!o"o "e C1(#&(o/ "epe"'e"o "e (a Nor$a %&e se %&'era ap('#ar a( es!&"'o4 se "'spoe "e (os s'*&'e!es $.!o"os/ ? IEC B66 566> ? IEC 6 > ? S&perpos'#'; s' F(&jo "e Car*a4 !o"as (as 0,e,$, se #os'"era >,> 2e#es e( 2o(!aje o$'a(, ? S&perpos'#'; #o F(&jo "e Car*a4 se rea('-a & es!&"'o "e F(&jo "e Car*a pre2'o para #oo#er (os 2o(!ajes "e pre0a((a,
? ANSI C <7,6>64 (os #1(#&(os se rea('-a "e a#&er"o a (a Nor$a ANSIIEEE C <7,6>6 ? >7 %&e se ap('#a a s's!e$as #&3os 2o(!ajes s&pera (os >666 V, ? ANSI C <7,><4 e( es!&"'o "e #or!o#'r#&'!o se rea('-a $e"'a!e (a Nor$a ANSIIEEE C <7,6>< >74 %&e es ap('#a"a e s's!e$as e (os #&a(es e( 2o(!aje o s&pera (os >666 V, Ca(#&(ar I $1J,/ s' (a #as'((a "e #8e%&eo es!a a#!'2a"a4 se #a(#&(a (a I $1J'$a4 s' o ser1 #a(#&(a"o e( 2a(or $)'$o, Lo $'s$o se ap('#a para e( #1(#&(o "e I F(&jo "e Car*a pre2'o a( #1(#&(o "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o/ s' es se(e##'oa"o e( $.!o"o "e( S&perpos'#'; #o F(&jo "e Car*a4 (a #as'((a "e #8e%&eo "ebe es!ar s'e$pre a#!'2a D's!a#'a "e 0a((a @No, De No"os para $os!rar res&(!a"os/ es (a "'s!a#'a "es"e e( o"o bajo 0a((a 8as!a e( o"o e %&e se %&'era "esp(e*ar (os res&(!a"os "e( a1('s's, U 2a(or "e #ero @6 s'*'9#a %&e so(o se $os!rara (os res&(!a"os e e( o"o %&e prese!e (a 0a((a, Re" As'$.!r'#a/ s' se $ar#a (a #as'((a "e #8e%&eo !o"os (os e(e$e!os as'$.!r'#os se !o$ara e #&e!a para (os #1(#&(os, S' se se(e##'oa #o$o $.!o"o "e #1(#&(o a(*&o "e (os re*'"os por (as Nor$as IEC4 se "ebe #os'"erar (os s'*&'e!es par1$e!ros/ Se(e##'; a&!o$1!'#a "e( 0a#!or #/ s' (a #as'((a "e #8e%&eo es!a a#!'2a"a4 e( pro*ra$a !o$a e( 2a(or "e( 0a#!or "e 2o(!aje # "e a#&er"o a (a Nor$a IEC, E #aso #o!rar'o4 e( &s&ar'o "ebe "e9'r e( 2a(or,
To(era#'a re"&#'"a e s's!e$as "e bajo 2o(!aje/ #as'((a "e #8e%&eo 8ab'('!a"a s' (os #1(#&(os se 8ar1 #o e( $.!o"o IEC B66 566>,Debe ser a#!'2a"a s' (a !o(era#'a "e 2o(!aje "e( s's!e$a o es $a3or "e( ]B4 (o*ra"o aj&s!ar e( 0a#!or "e 2o(!aje # e >,6= p,& e 2e- "e >,> p,& C1(#&(o "e I p se* RH e &b'#a#'; "e 0a((a/ #as'((a "e #8e%&eo #o (a %&e se p&e"e #a(#&(ar4 s' se e#&e!ra a#!'2a"a4 !a!o (a #orr'e!e p'#o "e #or!o#'r#&'!o "e( p&!o "e 0a((a #o$o (a #orr'e!e p'#o "e #or!o#'r#&'!o "e (as ra$as4 e$p(ea"o (a re(a#'; RH "e( p&!o "e 0a((a, S' o es!a a#!'2a"a #orr'e!e p'#o "e #or!o#'r#&'!o "e (as ra$as se #a(#&(ar1 &sa"o (a re(a#'; RH "e (as ra$as, D&ra#'; "e (a 0a((a e s para e( #1(#&(o "e (a #orr'e!e "e #or!o#'r#&'!o !.r$'#a/ !'e$po "e "&ra#'; "e( #or!o#'r#&'!o e se*&"os para e( #1(#&(o "e I!8, D&ra#'; "e (a 0a((a e s para e( #1(#&(o "e (a #orr'e!e "e #or!o#'r#&'!o IDC/ !'e$po "e "&ra#'; "e( #or!o#'r#&'!o e se*&"os para e( #1(#&(o "e (a #o$poe!e DC "e (a #orr'e!e "e #or!o#'r#&'!o Re!ar"o "e( I!err&p!or e s para e( #1(#&(o "e (a #orr'e!e I b/ es e( $eor !'e$po e!re e( ''#'o "e( #or!o#'r#&'!o 3 e( pr'$er $o$e!o "e separa#'; "e (os #o!a#!os "e &o "e (os po(os "e( '!err&p!or, Va(ores !)p'#os so/ 6,654 6,6=4 6,>64 6,5= s 3 $a3ores, C&a"o e( es!&"'o "e #or!o#'r#&'!o se "esea rea('-ar "e a#&er"o a (as Nor$as ANSIIEEE4 "ebe ser #os'"era"os !res par1$e!ros %&e so/ N$ero "e #'#(os para e( #1(#&(o "e I DC/ (os 2a(ores !)p'#os so <4 4 = 3 #'#(os respe#!'2a$e!e,
N$ero "e #'#(os para e( #1(#&(o "e I b/ es e( !'e$po "e '!err&p#'; "e (os '!err&p!ores "e a(!o 2o(!aje, Va(ores !)p'#os <4 4 = 3 #'#(os, E opera#'; p,&/ $a3or 2o(!aje "e opera#'; e por &'"a" #o respe#!o a( 2o(!aje o$'a(, Re"&#'r s&'#8es4 '!err&p!ores 3 a#op(es/ #as'((a "e #8e%&eo %&e a( ser a#!'2a"a (os e(e$e!os a!es $e#'oa"os se re"&#e4 3 (os #1(#&(os se rea('-a "e &a $aera $1s r1p'"a pero o se prese!a res&(!a"os para es!os e(e$e!os, Ar#8'2o "e res&(!a"os/ se p&e"e se(e##'oar & ar#8'2o "e res&(!a"os "e9'e"o s& &b'#a#';4 e( #&a( p&e"e ser #rea"o "esp&.s "e (os #1(#&(os 3 ser *raba"o e 0or$a!o ,H, P&e"e ser (e)"o e MS EJ#e(, Car*ab'('"a" $1J'$a "e (os e(e$e!os/ es e( ()$'!e $1J'$o per$'!'"o para"e( (oss's!e$a es0&er-os (os e(e$e!os e "e ,#or!o#'r#&'!o "e (as barras 3 No"os bajo 0a((a E es!a pes!a:a se p&e"e se(e##'oar e( o (os o"os e %&e s'$&(ar1 &a 0a((a es!os p&e"e ser se(e##'oa"os a par!'r "e &a ('s!a "e (os o"os e (a re"4 por s& '2e( "e !es';4 por e( 1rea o (a -oa a (a %&e per!ee#e4 o por e( a('$e!a"or %&e !e*a #oe#!a"o, S' e( a1('s's ser1 rea('-a"o a !ra2.s "e (as Nor$as IEC4 se "ebe '!ro"&#'r "a!os a"'#'oa(es para (a (o#a('-a#'; "e (a 0a((a #o$o (o so/ 2.1.3.2
T'po Re"4 e!re e( (aspro*ra$a #&a(es se"e!er$'a e#&e!ra ? "e A&!o$1!'#a/ e( "'spo'b(es/ !'po "e re" "e 0or$a a&!o$1!'#a, ? E$a((a"a/ se #a(#&(a I e &a re" e$a((a"a, ? No e$a((a"a/ se #a(#&(a I e &a re" o e$a((a"a,
S' (a re" se e#&e!ra a('$e!a"a por &a so(a 0&e!e se "ebe se(e##'oar e( !'po "e re" a&!o$1!'#a, S' e( $.!o"o &!'('-a"o es e( ANSIIEEE se "ebe '!ro"&#'r e( !'e$po "e '!err&p#'; "e (os '!err&p!ores 3 se(e##'oar e( !'po "e #or!o#'r#&'!o para "e9'r (os 0a#!ores "e $&(!'p('#a#'; e!re (os %&e se !'ee/ A&!o$1!'#o/ e( pro*ra$a "e!er$'a s' e( 0a((o o#&rre #er#a o (ejos "e & *eera"or, Geera"or Cer#ao/ s' se !'ee #oo#'$'e!o %&e (a 0a((a o#&rre a o $1s "e "os e!apas "e !ras0or$a#'; "e "o"e es!e #oe#!a"o & *eera"or, Geera"or Lejao/ se se(e##'oa s' e( 0a((o o#&rre a $1s "e "os e!apas "e !ras0or$a#'; "e & *eera"or, L)eas e Fa((a E( &s&ar'o p&e"e se(e##'oar (a ()ea e (a %&e o#&rre e( 0a((o "e (a $'s$a $aera %&e se rea('-a e e( #aso "e (os o"os4 as) #o$o !a$b'. (os "a!os #orrespo"'e!es a( !'po "e re" s' se e2a(a (a 2.1.3.3
0a((a #o e( $.!o"o IEC o e( !'po "e #or!o#'r#&'!o para e( $.!o"o ANSI, A"'#'oa($e!e4 se "ebe '*resar (a "'s!a#'a e "es"e e( o"o "e ''#'o "e (a ()ea4 e( #&a( ser1 e( p&!o "o"e o#&rra e( 0a((o, Los 2a(ores 6 3 >66 o so 21('"os 3a %&e #orrespo"e a( o"o "e ''#'o o "e 0'a('-a#'; "e (a ()ea, C&a"o &a ()ea es!a bajo 0a((a4 s&s o"os "e ''#'o 3 0'a( o p&e"e es!ar so$e!'"os a 0a((as, Fa((a Espe#'a( E es!a pes!a:a se p&e"e "e9'r #&a(%& 'er !'po "e 0a((a %&e es!e basa"a e (a '"ea "e "'spoer "e & $1J'$o "e !res o"os #o s&s respe#!'2as 0ases (os #&a(es p&e"e ser #oe#!a"os "e $aera arb'!rar'a a !ra2.s "e &a '$pe"a#'a o b'e #oe#!a"os a !'erra, E es!a op#'; se p&e"e/ Iser!ar4 E('$'ar/ bo!oes #o (os #&a(es se p&e"e "e0''r &a &e2a 0a((a e (a !ab(a4 o e s& "e0e#!o e('$'ar &a 0a((a 3a "e0''"a, 2.1.3.4
EJpor!ar a L'brer)a/ (as 0a((as "e9'"as se p&e"e eJpor!ar a &a ('brer)a4 "eja"o prees!ab(e#'"a (a 0a((a para & &e2o a1('s's, E (a !ab(a se p&e"e e#o!rar (as s'*&'e!es op#'oes/ Des"e No"o/ es e( ''#'o "e (a #oeJ'; "e (a 0a((a, Los 2a(ores pos'b(es p&e"e ser >4 54 <, Fase Des"e/ 0ase "e( o"o "e ''#'o "e (a 0a((a, Los 2a(ores p&e"e ser L>4 L54 L<, as!a No"o/ o"o "o"e 9a('-a (a #oeJ';, P&e"e ser >454< ; 6, La op#'; 6 s'*'0'#a %&e e( p&!o "e #oeJ'; es (a !'erra, Fase as!a/ 0ase "e( o"o 0'a( "e (a #oeJ';, P&e"e ser L >4 L54 L< , R04 H0/ par!e rea( e '$a*'ar'a "e (a '$pe"a#'a "e #oeJ'; e!re (as 0ases e , T'po "e 0a((a/ o$bre #o e( #&a( se "e0'e (a 0a((a, Des#r'p#'; "e (a 0a((a/ bre2e eJp('#a#'; "e e %&e #os's!e e( !'po "e 0a((a As'*a#'; "e (os No"os e Fa((a a (os No"os "e (a re"/ No"o >/ o"o "e (a re" %&e #orrespo"e #o e( pr'$er o"o "es#r'!o e (a 0a((a, No"o 5/ o"o "e (a re" %&e #orrespo"e #o e( se*&"o o"o "es#r'!o e (a 0a((a, No"o , Res&(!a"os E (a $a3or)a "e (os $;"&(os4 eJ's!e "'0ere!es op#'oes "e( $e para (os res&(!a"os4 e!re (os #&a(es se p&e"e $e#'oar/ ? Se(e##'oar Res&(!a"os4 #o e( se p&e"e se(e##'oar (os res&(!a"os a "esp(e*ar, ? Mos!rar Res&(!a"os4 (os res&(!a"os se prese!a e !ab(as, Se e#&e!ra "'spo'b(es "'0ere!es !ab(as "e res&(!a"os,
? E a(*&os "e (os $;"&(os4 (os res&(!a"os se p&e"e prese!ar *r10'#a$e!e es#o*'e"o (a op#'; "e( $e Res&(!a"os Gr10'#os, E e( M;"&(o "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o4 a( rea('-ar e( #1(#&(o "e 0a((a se "esp('e*a (os res&(!a"os e e( "'a*ra$a &'9(ar, Ta$b'. se e#&e!ra "'spo'b(es (as s'*&'e!es op#'oes para obser2ar (os res&(!a"os "e !ab(as/ Corr'e!es "e Fa((as/ se prese!a (os res&(!a"os "e (as #orr'e!es "e #or!o#'r#&'!o e (os o"os 3 (as #o!r'b&#'oes "e (as ra$as %&e sea #&b'er!os por (a "'s!a#'a "e 0a((a "e9'"a, S&$a "e Corr'e!es "e Fa((a/ prese!a (os res&(!a"os "e (as #orr'e!es "e #or!o#'r#&'!o e e( p&!o "e 0a((a, Vo(!ajes "e o"o/ prese!a (os 2o(!ajes e (os o"os bajo 0a((a, Ar#8'2os "e Res&(!a"os/ se p&e"e eJpor!ar o '$por!ar (os res&(!a"os a o "es"e & ar#8'2o se(e##'o1"o(o, Desp(e*ar &'"a"es/ se "e9e (as &'"a"es e (as %&e ser1 "esp(e*a"as "'0ere!esse2ar'ab(es res&(!a"o,(as 2ar'ab(es Se(e##'; "e (as res&(!a"os/ p&e"e "e se(e##'oar a ser $os!ra"as e (as !ab(as "e res&(!a"os @!a$b'. p&e"e ser se(e##'oa"as "es"e Prop'e"a"es "e( D'a*ra$aCor!o#'r#&'!o, Es!as p&e"e se(e##'oa"as para (os o"os o e(e$e!os, ? Vo(!aje pos! 0a((a V @L>L5L< o V @6>5/ (os #&a(es p&e"e ser "e ()ea a !'erra o "e ()ea a ()ea4 o b'e (os "e #o$poe!es s'$.!r'#as, ? Vo(!aje pre!a((a V6, ? _*&(o "e Vo(!aje V1*/ es e( 1*&(o "e( 2o(!aje "e 0a((a, ? I$pe"a#'as "e re" 0@6>5/ '$pe"a#'as "e 0a((a "a"a e s&s #o$poe!es s'$.!r'#as, ? R @>H @>/ re(a#'; HR se* ANSIIEEE, Para (os e(e$e!os se p&e"e ob!eer (as s'*&'e!es 2ar'ab(es/ ? Corr'e!e "e # or!o#'r#&'!o ''#'a( I ? _*&(o "e (a #orr'e!e "e #or!o#'r#&'!o ''#'a( I 1*,
? Po!e#'a "e #or!o#'r#&'!o ''#'a( S ? Corr'e!e P'#o "e #or!o#'r#&'!o I p ? Corr'e!e "e '!err&p#'; s'$.!r'#a I b ? Corr'e!e "e es!a"o es!ab(e I ? Corr'e!e !.r$'#a I !8 ? Co$poe!e DC "e (a #orr'e!e "e #or!o#'r#&'!o I DC ? Corr'e!e "e '!err&p#'; as'$.!r'#a I as' ? Corr'e!e ANSI E @s' #os'"erar (os 0a#!ores "e "e#re$e!o AC 3 DC, ? < I@6/ !res 2e#es (a #orr'e!e "e se#&e#'a #ero, Ta$b'. p&e"e ser se(e##'oa"a (a 0ase para (a #&a( se %&'ere ob!eer (os res&(!a"os4 se 8a#e $ar#a"o (a #as'((a "e #8e%&eo "e (a ()ea #orrespo"'e!e4 as) #o$o ob!eer (os res&(!a"os eJpresa"os e s&s #o$poe!es "e se#&e#'a, 2.2
Mo"&(o "e Pro!e##'oes "e NEPLAN
Pro!e##'; "e D's!a#'a E( $;"&(o "e Pro!e##'; "e D's!a#'a per$'!e a( &s&ar'o W5X/
2.2.1
E!rar (os re(.s "e pro!e##'; "e "'s!a#'a #o s&s aj&s!es o #ara#!er)s!'#as4 respe#!'2a$e!e, Ob!eer !o"os (os 2o(!ajes4 #orr'e!es e '$pe"a#'as @pr'$ar'os 3 se#&"ar'os 2's!os por e( re(. "eb'"o a & #or!o#'r#&'!o, C8e%&ear o re2'sar (os aj&s!es "e (os re(.s, Aj&s!ar e( re(. a&!o$1!'#a$e!e, E!rar (os es%&e$as o pro*ra$as "e "'sparo, To"os (os 2a(ores "e '$pe"a#'a %&e se $&es!ra e e( $;"&(o se ob!'ee a par!'r "e & #1(#&(o "e #or!o#'r#&'!o #o e( $.!o"o "e s&perpos'#'; #o o s' 0(&jo "e #ar*a E( $;"&(o "'s!'*&e "os !'pos "e re(.s,
Re(.s *eera(es o "e9'"os por e( &s&ar'o @!'po "e re(. "e!er$'a"o por e( &s&ar'o, T'po "e re(. pre"e0''"o @!'po "e re(. pre"e0''"o por e( pro*ra$a,
La #ara#!er)s!'#a & re(. *eera( se "e p&e"e '*resar e & "'a*ra$a RH, E e( "e "'1(o*o "e pro!e##'; "'s!a#'a4 e( &s&ar'o p&e"e e!rar e( !'po "e re(., C&a"o se se(e##'oa e( !'po "e re(. a par!'r "e &a ('s!a pre"e0''"a4 e( &s&ar'o !'ee (a pos'b'('"a" "e e!rar (os par1$e!ros "e aj&s!e "epe"'e!es "e( re(. e &a #aja "e "'1(o*o espe#'a(, E( pro*ra$a e(abora (a #ara#!er)s!'#a, La ('s!a pre"e9'"a se "esp('e*a a( pres'oar e( bo!; ,,, %&e se e#&e!ra a( (a"o "e T'po Pre"e9'"o e e( "'1(o*o "e pro!e##'; "e "'s!a#'a, E( &s&ar'o e(abora (os pro*ra$as "e "'sparo, Es!o se p&e"e 8a#er e (a op#'; "e( $e A1('s's Pro!e##'; "e D's!a#'a Pro*ra$a#'; D'sparo, Co (a op#'; "e( $e A1('s's Pro!e##'; "e D's!a#'a D'spos'!'2os "e Pro!e##';4 (as #ara#!er)s!'#as "e( re(. 3 (as '$pe"a#'as 2's!as por e( $'s$o e #aso "e #or!o#'r#&'!o e o"os o ()eas se "esp('e*a e & "'a*ra$a RH, La e2a(&a#'; o #8e%&eo "e (os aj&s!es "e( re(. se p&e"e ((e2ar a #abo por $e"'o "e & #1(#&(o "e #or!o#'r#&'!o, E( !'e$po "e "'sparo "e (os re(.s se "esp('e*a e e( "'a*ra$a &'0'(ar, Arra%&e Se p&e"e e!rar (os s'*&'e!es s's!e$as "e arra%&e/ Arra%&e por sobre#orr'e!e p&ra, Arra%&e "e baja '$pe"a#'a @()$'!es VI, Cara#!er)s!'#a RH
2.2.1.1
E( s's!e$a "e arra%&e se p&e"e se(e##'oar e e( "'1(o*o Arra%&e "e( re(. "e pro!e##'; "e "'s!a#'a, To"os (os s's!e$as "e arra%&e se p&e"e "e9'r para 0a((as
()ea ()ea 3 ()ea !'erra, La se(e##'; "e( !'po "e 0a((a se ((e2a a #abo #o Da!os "e E!ra"a @L?L o L?T e e( "'1(o*o Par1$e!ro "e( re(., Co e( s's!e$a "e arra%&e a#op(a"o4 se !'ee/ E( !'e$po 0'a( "'re##'oa(, E( !'e$po 0'a( o "'re##'oa(, Los arra%&es por sobre#orr'e!e p&ra 3 "e baja '$pe"a#'a se p&e"e "e0''r para re(.s "e9'"os por e( &s&ar'o as) #o$o para re(.s pre"e0''"os, Por o!ro (a"o4 e( arra%&e por #ara#!er)s!'#a RH o se p&e"e "e0''r para re(.s pre"e9'"os4 p&es .s!e es!1 "e!er$'a"o por (os par1$e!ros "e aj&s!e, Sobre#orr'e!e P&ra Los "a!os "e e!ra"a so/ 2.2.1.1.1
F'*&ra 5.5 Arra%&e por Sobre#orr'e!e P&ra
E( re(. arra#a s' (a #orr'e!e "e ()ea $e"'"a es $a3or %&e I>Ir4 '"epe"'e!e$e!e "e( 2o(!aje, Ir es (a #orr'e!e o$'a( e e( (a"o pr'$ar'o "e( !ras0or$a"or "e #orr'e!e, Se p&e"e "e0''r & ()$'!e "e #orr'e!e para 0a((as ()ea ()ea 3 ()ea !'erra,
+aja I$pe"a#'a Los "a!os se e!ra "e a#&er"o a (as 9*&ras 5,< 3 5,/
2.2.1.1.2
F'*&ra 5,< Arra%&e "e +aja I$pe"a#'a I"epe"'e!e "e (as Fases
F'*&ra 5, Arra%&e "e +aja I$pe"a#'a Depe"'e!e "e (as Fases
E e( #aso "e( arra%&e "e baja '$pe"a#'a4 o s;(o se !o$a e #&e!a (a #orr'e!e "e ()ea s'o !a$b'. e( 2o(!aje, E( re(. arra#a s' (a #orr'e!e "e ()ea 3 e( 2o(!aje ()ea !'erra es!1 e e( 1rea "e arra%&e, E( 2a(or I<Ir se "ebe aj&s!ar e #ero para arra%&es "e baja '$pe"a#'a '"epe"'e!es "e (as 0ases, E es!as #o"'#'oes4 (a e!ra"a "e P8'> 3 P8'5 o ser1 '$por!a!e,
E( 2a(or I<Ir se "ebe "e9'r para arra%&es "e baja '$pe"a#'a "epe"'e!es "e (as 0ases, Los 2a(ores V>Vr 3 V5Vr "ebe ser '*&a(es, E #aso "e %&e o#&rra & #or!o#'r#&'!o4 3 s' e( 1*&(o e!re (a #orr'e!e "e ()ea 3 e( 2o(!aje ()ea !'erra es!1 e!re P8'> 3 P8'54 se #os'"era e( ()$'!e "e #orr'e!e I<Ir e 2e- "e I5Ir, Cara#!er)s!'#a RH Se p&e"e e!rar (as s'*&'e!es #ara#!er)s!'#as
2.2.1.1.3
U po()*oo "e9'"o por &a !ab(a "e 2a(ores RH U #)r#&(o "e0''"o por & p&!o #e!ro 3 & ra"'o S' (a '$pe"a#'a $e"'"a se e#&e!ra "e!ro "e( po()*oo o "e!ro "e( #)r#&(o4 e( re(. arra#ar1,
F'*&ra 5,= Arra%&e #o Cara#!er)s!'#a RH
Se p&e"e "e9'r &a #ara#!er)s!'#a para 0a((as ()ea ()ea 3 ()ea !'erra, La #ara#!er)s!'#a para re(.s pre"e0''"os es!1 "e9'"a por (os par1$e!ros "e aj&s!e, 2.2.1.2
Me"'#'oes
Se p&e"e e!rar (as s'*&'e!es -oas/ oas > oa "e Sobrea(#a#e @-oa > eJ!, oa a#'a A!r1s oa "e A&!ore#'erre
Las -oas es!1 "e0''"as por &a #ara#!er)s!'#a @po()*oo o #)r#&(o, Las #ara#!er)s!'#as p&e"e es!ar "a"as #o$o 2a(ores pr'$ar'os o se#&"ar'os, Se p&e"e as'*ar &a "'re##'; "e $e"'#'; a #a"a -oa, La "'re##'; "e $e"'#'; es!1 "e!er$'a"a or$a($e!e por (a e!ra"a aprop'a"a "e (a #ara#!er)s!'#a, La "e9'#'; "e (a "'re##'; "e $e"'#'; s;(o es e#esar'a s' se e!ra &a #ara#!er)s!'#a s'$p('0'#a"a4 p,e, & #)r#&(o a(re"e"or "e( p&!o #ero @66 o & re#!1*&(o e !o"os (os #&a!ro #&a"ra!es, Co (a e!ra"a "e &a "'re##';4 e( #)r#&(o o e( re#!1*&(o se "'2'"'r1 por $e"'o "e &a "'a*oa( e e( 5o, 3 o, #&a"ra!es, La "'a*oa( $o"'0'#a (a #ara#!er)s!'#a, A #a"a -oa se (e "ebe as'*ar & !'e$po !e$por'-a#'; e se*&"os, La e!ra"a "e (a !a$b'. se 8a#e para 0a((as ()ea ()ea o ()ea -oa se p&e"e a#!'2ar o "esa#!'2ar, Las -oas a#!'2a"as o se #os'"era "&ra!e (os #1(#&(os,
"e "'sparo o !e$por'-a#'; !'erra, Ca"a %&e o es!.
Par1$e!ros "e Aj&s!e para Re(.s Pre"e0''"os Los s'*&'e!es !'pos "e re(.s es!1 pre"e0''"os A++ REL<>B S'e$es 7SA=>>7SA=>< AEG PD==>PD=<> 3 SD
2.2.1.3
Desp&.s "e 8aber se(e##'oa"o & re(. pre"e0''"o4 para #a"a re(. se #rea & "'1(o*o espe#'a(, S' & re(. pre"e9'"o !'ee & arra%&e por sobre#orr'e!e o "e baja '$pe"a#'a4 (os par1$e!ros se "ebe e!rar "e a#&er"o a (as se##'oes a!er'ores, 2.2.1.4
Pro!e##'; "e Respa("o
E( re(. pro!e##'; "e "'s!a#'a se p&e"e "e9'r #o$o & "e re(. "e sobre#orr'e!e #o!a$b'. "os e!apas "e !'e$po "e0''"as,
F'*&ra 5,B E!apas "e T'e$po De0''"as
I>Ir 3 I5Ir so (os 2a(ores "e aj&s!e para (as "os e!apas, Ir es (a #orr'e!e o$'a( "e( TC e e( (a"o pr'$ar'o, Las !e$por'-a#'oes !> 3 !5 so (os !'e$pos "e "'sparo "e (as "os e!apas, C&a"o se e2a(a (os aj&s!es "e( re(.4 3 s' e( re(. o 8a arra#a"o por (a &'"a" "e pro!e##'; "e "'s!a#'a "e( $'s$o4 se 2er'0'#a (os 2a(ores "e (a pro!e##'; "e respa("o, S' o 8a3 0&#'oa('"a" "e sobre#orr'e!e e e( re(.4 o se "ebe e!rar 2a(ores, Co9*&ra#'; A&!o$1!'#a "e (a I$pe"a#'a Los 2a(ores &$bra(es "e '$pe"a#'a o (as #ara#!er)s!'#as "e (as e!apas > a so #a(#&(a"as a&!o$1!'#a$e!e por e( pro*ra$a #o (a a3&"a "e (os pro*ra$as "e "'sparo %&e e( &s&ar'o 8a3a '*resa"o, 2.2.1.5
U re(. p&e"e 8a#er par!e "e #&a(%&'er $ero "e pro*ra$as "e "'sparo, Para prop;s'!os "e #o0'*&ra#';4 (os $(!'p(es es%&e$as "e "'sparo se re"&#e a &o so(o #o (as '$pe"a#'as $1s pe%&e:as @!ra$o "e '$pe"a#'a $)'$a, E e( !ra$o o !ra3e#!or'a "e '$pe"a#'a $)'$a s;(o se !o$a e #&e!a (os o"os "e( re(., E e(A&!o$1!'#a4 "'1(o*o Co9*&ra#';4 e No"os De#'s'2os para Co0'*&ra#'; se
"esp('e*a e( !ra$o "e '$pe"a#'a $)'$a4 es "e#'r4 (os o"os 3 (as '$pe"a#'as #orrespo"'e!es, Las '$pe"a#'as "esp(e*a"as so "e se#&e#'a pos'!'2a4 3 so (as %&e 2e e( re(. a#!&a( s' & #or!o#'r#&'!o !r'01s'#o !'ee (&*ar e (os o"os, Las '$pe"a#'as se #a(#&(a "e a#&er"o a( $.!o"o "e s&perpos'#'; #o o s' 0(&jo "e #ar*a, EJ's!e "os $.!o"os para #o9*&rar (os re(.s/ Re(a!'2o Abso(&!o Es!os $.!o"os se p&e"e se(e##'oar e e( "'1(o*o Co0'*&ra#';, La base para a$bos $.!o"os es (a !ra3e#!or'a "e '$pe"a#'a $)'$a, La s'*&'e!e 9*&ra $&es!ra & eje$p(o "e #rea#'; "e & !ra$o "e '$pe"a#'a $)'$a,
F'*&ra 5,7 Ob!e#'; "e( Tra$o "e I$pe"a#'a M)'$a e Re"es E$a((a"as
Co (a a3&"a "e( !ra$o "e '$pe"a#'a $)'$a res&(!a!e se aj&s!a e( re(. R, C o 9 *&r a# '; se * e ( M .! o" o R e (a ! '2 o Es!e es e( $.!o"o &s&a( para #o9*&rar (as -oas "e & re(.,
F'*&ra 5, Aj&s!e se* e( M.!o"o Re(a!'2o Las re*(as so/
> K p> a[ 5Kp5[@a]b>
@5,> @5,5 @5,<
>eJ! K p>eJ![ a @-oa "e sobrea(#a#e o -oa > eJ!, @5, >4 54 < so (os 2a(ores "e aj&s!e e e( re(., E( par1$e!ro p> para (a -oa >4 p5 para (a -oa 54 p< para (a -oa <4 e!#, so 2a(ores "e e!ra"a4 %&e se p&e"e '*resar e e( "'1(o*o Aj&s!e "e oa, La re*(a para aj&s!ar (a -oa "epe"e "e( #aso, Las #orre##'oes "e '$pe"a#'a "eb'"o a( e0e#!o '0ee" se !o$a e #&e!a e (as ()eas b> 3 b5, C o 9 *&r a# '; se * e ( M .! o" o&!Aob s o( Es!e $.!o"o se &sa para #o0'*&rar (a (!'$a -oa, U eje$p(o ser)a s' (a (!'$a -oa "ebe #&br'r e( =6 "e (a '$pe"a#'a "e( !ras0or$a"or,
F'*&ra 5, Aj&s!e se* e( M.!o"o Abso(&!o Las re*(as so/
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@5,= @5,B
La -oa @'$pe"a#'a se #a(#&(a abso(&!a$e!e para (a '$pe"a#'a "e (a -oa #orrespo"'e!e, Las #orre##'oes "e (a '$pe"a#'a "eb'"o a( e0e#!o '0ee" se #os'"era e (a ()ea b, C o 9 *& r a # ' ; " e ( R e (. C os '" e r a " o e ( A (# a # e M ) '$o S' (os par1$e!ros Aj&s!e M)'$o "e oa para (a -oa 5 3o -oa < es!1 a#!'2os4 e( pro*ra$a 2er'0'#ar1 (&e*o "e( aj&s!e a&!o$1!'#o s' se a(#a-a & 2a(or $)'$o "e '$pe"a#'a para (a -oa 5 o <, S' o4 (os 2a(ores "e aj&s!e se #orre*'r1,
F'*&ra 5,>6 A(#a#e M)'$o
E( a(#a#e $)'$o se #a(#&(a #o$o se '"'#a a #o!'&a#';/ Para-oa5/>$)Kap> @5,7 Para -oa
@5, b(* es (a ()ea a"3a#e!e $1s (ar*a, E( &s&ar'o p&e"e !o$ar e #&e!a e( 0a#!or '0ee" para #a(#&(ar (a '$pe"a#'a b(*, Para #a(#&(ar (a '$pe"a#'a b(* p&e"e ser e#esar'o "es#oe#!ar o re"&#'r e( e0e#!o '0ee", E( #1(#&(o "e (a '$pe"a#'a b (* e (a e!apa a#!&a( "e (a re" se ((e2a a #abo pres'oa"o e( bo!; Ob!eer L)ea $1s Lar*a para oa < e e( "'1(o*o Co9*&ra#';, Para (a #o0'*&ra#'; or$a( "e( re(.4 e( e0e#!o '0ee" se "ebe #os'"erar #o$p(e!a$e!e, C os '"e ra " o (a R es' s! e #'a " e A r # o Los 2a(ores #a(#&(a"os "e '$pe"a#'a se #orr'*e #o (a res's!e#'a "e ar#o 3 (a res's!e#'a "e p&es!a a !'erra "e (a !orre, Es!os 2a(ores se p&e"e '*resar e (os par1$e!ros espe#)0'#os "e( re(., Corre##'; para 0a((as ()ea ()ea/ RRKRR]R0L?L5 @5,>6 Corre##'; para 0a((as ()ea !'erra/ RRKRR]R0L?E]RM @5,>> "o" e/ R0L?L/ Res's!e#'a "e ar#o para 0a((as ()ea ()ea R0L?T/ Res's!e#'a "e ar#o para 0a((as ()ea !'erra RM/ Res's!e#'a "e p&es!a a !'erra "e (a !orre S' o se 8a as'*a"o '*&a #ara#!er)s!'#a a( re(.4 se as'*ar1 e( s'*&'e!e re#!1*&(o/ P> K -RR4 -HR @R4 H P5 K -RR4 HR
P< K RR4 HR
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Los s'*&'e!es par1$e!ros se e#&e!ra "'spo'b(es/ F'*, No/ Per$'!e '*resar & $ero arb'!rar'o para (a 0'*&ra, T)!&(o/ Per$'!e '*resar &a "es#r'p#'; "e( pro*ra$a, Re(.s Iser!ar/ Se 'ser!ar1 & &e2o re(.,
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Las '$pe"a#'as a ser "esp(e*a"as e e( "'a*ra$a se p&e"e se(e##'oar #o (a op#'; E"'!ar Par1$e!ros, E( "'1(o*o !a$b'. se p&e"e ((a$ar 8a#'e"o "ob(e #('# e e( "'a*ra$a, Es!e "'1(o*o #o!'ee (os s'*&'e!es par1$e!ros/
T'po "e Fa((a/ Per$'!e se(e##'oar e( !'po "e 0a((a4 !'ee "'spo'b(es (os $'s$os !'pos %&e e e( $;"&(o "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o, I$pe"a#'as/ Per$'!e se(e##'oar (as '$pe"a#'as a ser "esp(e*a"as e e( "'a*ra$a, Fa((as e No"os/ Los bo!oes Iser!ar 3 E('$'ar per$'!e a( &s&ar'o "e9'r (os o"os e 0a((a, To"os (os o"os e 0a((a se ('s!a 3 .s!os se p&e"e a#!'2ar o "esa#!'2ar, E( par1$e!ro Fa((as e No"os?A#!'2o per$'!e a#!'2ar o "esa#!'2ar !o"os (os o"os "e (a ('s!a, Fa((as e L)eas/ Los bo!oes Iser!ar 3 E('$'ar per$'!e a( &s&ar'o "e9'r (as ()eas e 0a((a, To"as (as ()eas e 0a((a se ('s!a 3 .s!as se p&e"e a#!'2ar o "esa#!'2ar, A"'#'oa($e!e4 e( &s&ar'o p&e"e "e9'r (a &b'#a#'; "e (a 0a((a #o$o (a "'s!a#'a e por#e!aje "e( Des"e No"o "e (a ()ea, E( par1$e!ro C8e%&eo '"'#a s' se "ebe #8e%&ear (a &b'#a#'; "e (a 0a((a sobre (a ()ea a &a "'s!a#'a "e!er$'a"a, E es!e #aso4 o s;(o se #a(#&(ar1 & *r&po "e '$pe"a#'as s'o &a #a!'"a" "e *r&pos "e '$pe"a#'as @!ra3e#!or'a, E( par1$e!ro Fa((as e L)eas? A#!'2o per$'!e a#!'2ar o "esa#!'2ar !o"as (as ()eas e (a ('s!a, Cara#!er)s!'#a/ La #ara#!er)s!'#a "e( re(. para 0a((as ()ea ()ea o ()ea !'erra se p&e"e se(e##'oar a%&), Re#a(#&(ar 3 Cerrar/ E( "'1(o*o se #'erra 3 (as '$pe"a#'as se re#a(#&(a, Es!e bo!; se "ebe pres'oar !a pro!o se 8a3a $o"'0'#a"o (os "a!os "e( o"o o "e( re(., Cerrar/ E( "'1(o*o se #'erra s' re#a(#&(ar '$pe"a#'as, E( )!e$ "e( $e D'spos'!'2os "e Pro!e##'; Mos!rar L's!a "e I$pe"a#'as ('s!a !o"as (as '$pe"a#'as #a(#&(a"as, Los 2a(ores "e '$pe"a#'a se p&e"e eJpor!ar a & ar#8'2o RDS, Los #a$pos es!1 separa"os por pes!a:as,
Pro#e"'$'e!o para E!rar & Re(. Para '*resar 3 aj&s!ar & re(.4 se "ebe se*&'r e( s'*&'e!e pro#e"'$'e!o/
2.2.1.8
Paso/ Iser!ar !o"os (os re(.s "e pro!e##'; "e "'s!a#'a e (a re", Es!o se p&e"e 8a#er e or'e!a"o a ('s!as o a *r10'#os, Ca"a re(. "ebe !eer & o$bre @re(. pre"e0''"o o "e9'"o por e( &s&ar'o, Las #ara#!er)s!'#as !a$b'. se p&e"e '$por!ar, Paso/ Iser!ar para #a"a re(. "e PD4 (os !ras0or$a"ores "e #orr'e!e @TCs 3 "e po!e#'a( @TPs, Los TPs se as'*a a & o"o, Es!o s;(o es e#esar'o s' se #os'"era 2a(ores se#&"ar'os, Ta$b'. es pos'b(e e!rar (a re(a#'; "e '$pe"a#'a "'re#!a$e!e, Paso/ De0''r !o"os (os pro*ra$as "e "'sparo4 '#(&so #&a"o o se e!re #ara#!er)s!'#as "e( re(. e es!e p&!o 3 as) (os pro*ra$as o so "esp(e*ab(es, Es!e paso es $&3 '$por!a!e para e( aj&s!e a&!o$1!'#o "e (os re(.s, Paso/ Para #a"a re(. se p&e"e as'*ar & s's!e$a "e arra%&e4 3 e( par1$e!ro o (a #ara#!er)s!'#a se p&e"e e!rar para (as -oas, E( re(. !a$b'. se p&e"e #o9*&rar a&!o$1!'#a$e!e, Paso/ A(*&as 2e#es es e#esar'o "e0''r & o"o #o$o o"o "e pro!e##'; "e "'s!a#'a4 #&a"o .s!e es '$por!a!e para e( aj&s!e a&!o$1!'#o "e( re(., Es!o se p&e"e 8a#er e e( "'1(o*o "e( o"o, Paso/ Para e2a(&ar (os aj&s!es "e( re(.4 se p&e"e #a(#&(ar #or!o#'r#&'!os e (a re", E( !'e$po "e "'sparo "e (os re(.s se "esp('e*a e e( "'a*ra$a &'9(ar, Do#&$e!a#'; "e( Re(. Desp&.s "e se(e##'oar (a op#'; A1('s's Pro!e##'; "e D's!a#'a D'spos'!'2os "e Pro!e##';4 !o"os (os re(.s se ('s!a e e( (a"o '-%&'er"o "e (a pa!a((a, U re(. ser1 "o#&$e!a"o 2.2.1.9
a( se(e##'oar D'spos'!'2os "e Pro!e##'; Mos!rar Do#&$e!a#'; "e Re(.s, &!o a (os par1$e!ros "e( re(. se "esp('e*a (as '$pe"a#'as "e o"o %&e so '$por!a!es para e( aj&s!e "e( re(.,
F'*&ra 5,>> I$pe"a#'as "e (as oas "e( Re(. Los 2a(ores "e '$pe"a#'a "e (a -oa > represe!a (a '$pe"a#'a "e (a ()ea o (a '$pe"a#'a "e( s'*&'e!e o"o "e( re(., Los 2a(ores "e '$pe"a#'a se "a para e( s's!e$a "e se#&e#'a pos'!'2a, Co e( 0' "e ob!eer (a '$pe"a#'a "e (a ()ea e!re (as -oas > 3 54 se "ebe 8a#er &a s&bs!ra##'; "e (os 2a(ores "e '$pe"a#'a "e (as -oas 5 3 >, La "o#&$e!a#'; $&es!ra (os 2a(ores "e aj&s!e para & re(. *eera( @"e9'"o por e( &s&ar'o !o$a"o e #os'"era#'; (as res's!e#'as "e ar#o, Ver'0'#a#'; "e (os Aj&s!es "e( Re(. To"os (os re(.s se p&e"e re2'sar 3 2er'0'#ar a( "e0''r 3 #a(#&(ar 2ar'as 2ar'a!es @"'0ere!es p&!os "e 0a((as4 0a((as e ()eas4 !'pos arb'!rar'os "e 0a((as, E( pro*ra$a #a(#&(a (os !'e$pos "e "'sparo "e (os re(.s, Los !'e$pos "e "'sparo se "esp('e*a e e( "'a*ra$a &'9(ar, Se re#o$'e"a se(e##'oar s;(o & p&!o "e 0a((a 3 a #a$b'o aj&s!ar (a "'s!a#'a "e 0a((a e & $ero *ra"e, Co es!o4 se #a(#&(a !o"os (os 2o(!ajes 3 #orr'e!es e e( re(., 2.2.1.10
Pro!e##'; "e Sobre#orr'e!e F&#'oa( E re"es e(.#!r'#as4 &a #ara#!er)s!'#a "e pro!e##'; "e
2.2.2
2.2.2.1 Des#r'p#';
sobre#orr'e!e $o'!orea &a #orr'e!e $e"'"a4 3 e2)a & #o$a"o "e "'sparo a & '!err&p!or #&a"o (a #orr'e!e e#&e!ra #o"'#'oes "e9'"as "e arra%&e 3 "'sparo,
La s'$&(a#'; "e &a #ara#!er)s!'#a "e pro!e##'; "e sobre#orr'e!e e e( $;"&(o "e Es!ab'('"a" Tras'!or'a se "'2'"e por #os'*&'e!e e W5X/ Var'ab(e $e"'"a Co"'#'; "e arra%&e Co"'#'; "e "'sparo F&#'; "e "'sparo, Ua #ara#!er)s!'#a "e pro!e##'; "e sobre#orr'e!e posee &a 2ar'ab(e $e"'"a4 &a #o"'#'; "e arra%&e 3 &a 0&#'; "e "'sparo, Ua #ara#!er)s!'#a "e pro!e##'; "e sobre#orr'e!e p&e"e !eer4 s' e$bar*o4 $1s "e &a #o"'#'; "e "'sparo @p,e, '2e( "e a(!a #orr'e!e 3 re!ar"o "e !'e$po '"epe"'e!e4 '2e( "e sobre#orr'e!e #o re!ar"o "e !'e$po "epe"'e!e, Var'ab(e Me"'"a La 2ar'ab(e $e"'"a p&e"e ser &a $a*'!&" "e #orr'e!e "e #&a(%&'er e(e$e!o "e re", No se per$'!e o!ras 2ar'ab(es @$esaje "e error, 2.2.2.1.1
Co"'#'; "e Arra%&e La #o"'#'; "e arra%&e es (a 2'o(a#'; por eJ#eso "e &a #orr'e!e "e arra%&e IA4 %&e es e( $(!'p(o A "e (a #orr'e!e aj&s!a"a IE, Desp&.s "e( arra%&e4 e$p'e-a a #orrer e( !'e$po "e "'sparo @#o"'#'; "e "'sparo, S' (a #orr'e!e #ae por "ebajo "e & 2a(or "e rese!eo IR @%&e es e( $(!'p(o R "e (a #orr'e!e aj&s!a"a IE4 a!es "e %&e e( !'e$po "e "'sparo 8a3a !ras#&rr'"o4 e( !'e$po "e "'sparo se rea&"ar1 3 o se eje#&!ar1 '* "'sparo, 2.2.2.1.2
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2.2.2.2
Opera#'oes "e S&'#8eo No se p&e"e eje#&!ar '*&a opera#'; "e s&'#8eo e &a #ara#!er)s!'#a "e pro!e##'; "e sobre#orr'e!e, Es!o NO se "ebe #o0&"'r #o opera#'oes "e s&'#8eo pro"&#'"as por &a #ara#!er)s!'#a "e pro!e##'; "e sobre#orr'e!e, 2.2.2.3
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"e (as !o(era#'as pos'!'2a 3 e*a!'2a, "e( !'e$po base !b "e (a #ara#!er)s!'#a o e( 0a#!or para (a pe"'e!e "e (os 2.r!'#es e #aso "e $;"&(os "e sobre#orr'e!e "e !'e$po "e0''"o, La ra!a "e e(e2a#'; "e &a #ara#!er)s!'#a #orr'e!e "epe"'e!e4 es "e#'r4 e( !'e$po "e resp&es!a "e( re(.4 se p&e"e #o9*&rar #o (11) E!ra"a
e( aj&s!e "e !'e$po ! p,&,, U 2a(or "e ! K >,6 p,&, @s' !bK>s pro"&#e (a #ara#!er)s!'#a or'*'a(, A(*&os 0abr'#a!es espe#'9#a e( !'e$po "e resp&es!a e & $(!'p(o "e( aj&s!e "e #orr'e!e @*eera($e!e & 0a#!or "e B o >6 para e( aj&s!e "e !'e$po, E es!e #aso4 e( 2a(or "e re0ere#'a "e( !'e$po se p&e"e e!rar #o$o !b s (os aj&s!es or'*'a(es se "ebe e!rar e!o#es bajo ! p,&,
E( E"'!or "e D'a*ra$as La #aja "e "'1(o*o "e "'a*ra$as "e se(e#!'2'"a" La #aja "e "'1(o*o "e "'a*ra$as "e se(e#!'2'"a" #o$o !a( #o!'ee (os s'*&'e!es e(e$e!os/ 2.4
2.4.1
(1) No$bre
?
3 !)!&(o "e (a 9*&ra (2) D'a*ra$a #orr'e!e?!'e$po para "esp(e*ar (as #ara#!er)s!'#as "e( "'spos'!'2o "e pro!e##';/ E( eje "e #orr'e!e es "e!er$'a"o a&!o$1!'#a$e!e por e( pro*ra$a, ? La (e3e"a "e( eje ap('#a para e( 2o(!aje base Ub>, ? Las #ara#!er)s!'#as "e (os "'spos'!'2os "e pro!e##'; se #o2'er!e a( 2o(!aje base, (3) L's!a "e (os "'spos'!'2os "e pro!e##'; "esp(e*a"os/ ? C&a"o se se(e##'oa & "'spos'!'2o "e pro!e##';4 (a #ara#!er)s!'#a se $ar#a e e( "'a*ra$a, ? A( 8a#er "ob(e #('# e & "'spos'!'2o "e pro!e##';4 e( "'1(o*o se abre para e"'!ar(o, (4) L's!a "e (as #orr'e!es "esp(e*a"as/ ? C&a"o se se(e##'oa & 2a(or "e #orr'e!e4 e( 2a(or se $ar#a e e( "'a*ra$a, ? A( 8a#er "ob(e #('# e 2a(or "e #orr'e!e4 e( "'1(o*o se abre para e"'!ar(o,
(5) Ca$pos "e e!ra"a para & $1J'$o "e "os 2o(!ajes base @"e re0ere#'a4 Ub5 o "ebe ser $eor %&e Ub>, (6) Desp('e*&e "e (as #oor"ea"as "e( #&rsor "e( $o&se, (7) E( bo!; C&rre! Res&(!s s;(o apare#e #&a"o (os res&(!a"os "e #1(#&(o es!. "'spo'b(es a( !rabajar #o (a *r10'#a '!era#!'2a,
F'*&ra 5,>, E"'!or "e "'a*ra$a "e se(e#!'2'"a"
CAPÍTULO III CASO DE ESTUDIO Des#r'p#'; "e( S's!e$a E (a F'*&ra <,> se $&es!ra e( $o!aje "e &a par!e "e( s's!e$a O##'"e!a( "e( pa)s @T1#8'ra4 M.r'"a 3 Tr&j'((o4 a#!&a($e!e "eo$'a"o Re*'; 7, Se 8a s'$&(a"o s;(o a '2e( "e >>= V @e(e$e!os e a-&( 3 5<6 V @e(e$e!os e rojo por ('$'!a#'oes "e( pro*ra$a @=6 barras $1J'$o as) #o$o !a$b'. se 8a s'$&(a"o (as '!er#oeJ'oes #o e( res!o "e( pa)s #o e%&'2a(e!es "e re", 3.1
E( $o!aje se rea('-; #o "a!os rea(es s&$''s!ra"os por e( "espa#8o "e #ar*a &b'#a"o e (a S&bes!a#'; Va(era II4 a&%&e #abe "es!a#ar %&e "'#8os "a!os 0&ero re#aba"os #o #o"'#'oes espe#)0'#as "e( S's!e$a "e Po!e#'a e "e!er$'a"o $o$e!o4 por eje$p(o #o a(*&os *eera"ores 0&era "e ser2'#'o4 3 (a s'$&(a#'; se rea('-; e #o"'#'oes '"ea(es4 es por e((o %&e se prese!a "'s#repa#'as e #&a!o a (os res&(!a"os ob!e'"os #o e( pro*ra$a NEPLAN 3 (os "a!os s&$''s!ra"os pero e !.r$'os *eera(es se #os'"era a#ep!ab(es, E #&a!o a (a par!e "e Pro!e##'oes4 se &b'#aro re(.s "e Sobre#orr'e!e 3 D's!a#'a s;(o a '2e( "e >>= V, No se #o(o#aro re(.s "e sobre#orr'e!e e (as s&bes!a#'oes '2o(&#ra"as #o P(a!as "e Geera#'; 3 e!apas "e Tras0or$a#'; @+&ea V's!a >>=4 Coro-o >>=4 P(a!a T1#8'ra >>=4 Ur'ba!e >>=4 P(a!a P1e- >>= 3 V'*)a II >>= "eb'"o a %&e .s!as re%&'ere "e o!ro !'po "e pro!e##'oes %&e o $aeja e( pro*ra$a,
F'*&ra <,> D'a*ra$a U'0'(ar "e( S's!e$a O##'"e!a( s'$&(a"o #o
NEPLAN
Ca('bra#'; "e Re(.s Ca('bra#'; "e (os Re(.s "e Sobre#orr'e!e Co$o se '"'#; e e( C ap)!&(o I4 para #a('brar & Re(. "e Sobre#orr'e!e se "ebe #oo#er (a Corr'e!e o$'a(4 (a Corr'e!e "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o 3 (os "a!os espe#)0'#os "e( re(. a 's!a(ar4 para as) po"er 8a((ar (os "e$1s par1$e!ros e#esar'os, Se e$p(e; & >45= para e( #1(#&(o "e (a Corr'e!e @Iarr 3 0a#!or "e arra%&e 3.2
3.2.1
se 9j; & 2a(or "e( D'a( "e 64= para !o"os (os re(.s4 es!o es para %&e opere #o & !'e$po $)'$o 3a %&e se e#&e!ra a(eja"os "e (as 0&e!es "e *eera#';, Se &!'('-aro Re(.s "e Sobre#orr'e!e E(e#!ro$e#1'#os !'po MDP #&3as e#&a#'oes #ara#!er)s!'#as so (as s'*&'e!es/ 645 [ D'a 646> par >4> M @<,> ! < a ( par >6 M @<,5 a =54= <> >46 [ D'a 646> ( M 5,>> > 67 >6 ! 547 M >,705
>
F'*&ra <,5 C&r2as Cara#!er)s!'#as "e( Re(. "e Sobre#orr'e!e MDP
Tab(a N <,> Da!os "e Ca('bra#'; "e (os Re(.s "e Sobre#orr'e!e "e (a oa T1#8'ra Ub'#a#';"e(Re(. @L)eas>>=2 Fr'a II - V ' 'a I Fr'a II -P (a!aT1#8'ra Fr'a II - Sa A!o'o
Io$ I RTC Iarr @A @A @A 64 6 = B <5,= B<4 66= = >5>4= 4= 566=
Sa T1#8'ra Sa Cr's!oba( Cr's!oba( II IIC- P(a!a oro-o Sa A!o'o - Fr'a II Sa A!o'o - Coro-o Pa(o Gra"e - P(a!a T1#8'ra Pa(o Gra"e - Coro-o Co#or"'a - Coro-o Sa Cr's!oba( I - La Gr'!a Sa Cr's!oba( I Coro-o La Gr'!a - Sa Cr's!oba( I LaGr'!a?P(a!aT1#8'ra La Gr'!a - Coro-o La Gr'!a - To2ar L> La Gr'!a - To2ar L5 La Pe"rera - Ur'ba!e La Pe"rera - G&as"&a('!o G&as"&a('!o - La Pe"rera G&as"&a('!o - Ur'ba!e
>>4 >=5 566= ,7 564B 566= >5 >5B47 >7=>47 566= 54B ><54 >66= >5<4 54 56=54 >66= <547 =B54B 66= >6<4B >B<<4B 566= , 5B6=4< 566= > 4< 7=4B 566= >4 <7=4B 566= B 47 =,< 6= >4B 754> <66= >4 4= <00= >=> 5<64 500= >>64> B647 566= >554= >>6= 566= 47 7<4 >66=
G&as"&a('!o - Sa!a +1rbara
64
5745
>66=
= = B < B > > = B B
M
! D'a( @se* > 7= 0 077 64= >745< 0,07B 64= 0,< 64= <,6B
74=5= 64= 0,0B ><46 6467 64= >64= 646< 64= ><4< 046= 64= >B4 646> 64= 5=4BB 6467 64= >46B 646 64= >645> 646B 64= >64B 0,0<< 64= 04= B4== 64>< >=4BB 6465 64= >4 0,077 64= ><,0<= 6467 64= >B4B 0,0 64= 0,0> 04= >>4= <4> 645< 64= B4> 64>5< 64= B4>5< 64><7 64= 54
64=6<
64=
Tab(a N <,5 Aj&s!es rea('-a"os a 2ar'os "e (os Re(.s "e Sobre#orr'e!e "e (a oa T1#8'ra Ub'#a#';"e(Re(. @L)eas>>= 2 Fr'a II - Sa A!o'o Sa Cr's!oba( IICoro-o Sa A!o'oFr'a II Sa A!o'o - Coro-o Pa(o Gra"e P(a!a T1#8'ra Pa(o Gra"e - Coro-o Sa Cr's!oba( I - La Gr'!a La Gr'!a - Sa Cr's!oba( I La Gr'!a - To2ar L> La Gr'!a - To2ar L5 La Pe"rera - G&as"&a('!o G&as"&a('!o - La Pe"rera
Io$ I RTC Iarr M ! D'a( @A @A @A @se* >5>4= 4= >56= < 0 5> 64= 6 ,7 564B 500= = 0,07 04= >5 >0,0 0,= 64= >5B,7 >7=>47 566= >B 5, 54B ><54 >66= >6 B4< 04>5= 64= >5<4 54 56=54 >66= = 564BB 64677 64= >6<4B >B<<4B 566= >> <4== 0,5B 64= 04= 4< 7=4B 566= B <4== 645B >4B 754> <66= = 546<< 0,< 64= 0,B >4 4= <66= 7 54B 64= >>64> B647 566= B 54> 646 64= >554= >>6=46 566=
>0
54=6
E (a Tab(a N <,> se $&es!ra (os res&(!a"os "e #a('bra#'; ob!e'"os a !ra2.s "e (as e#&a#'oes @>,4 @>,=4 @>,B "e( Cap)!&(o I 3 (as e#&a#'oes @<,> 3 @<,5 "e(
0,=>
64=
Cap)!&(o <, E (a Tab(a N <,5 se $&es!ra (os aj&s!es rea('-a"os a( =4 "e (os re(.s "e sobre#orr'e!e "e (a -oa T1#8'ra "eb'"o a %&e se ob!e)a errores "e Coor"'a#';4 e *ra par!e por%&e (as Corr'e!es "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o pro"&#)a e( "'sparo "e es!os re(.s a!es "e e( !'e$po es!ab(e#'"o ; e( 2a(or !e;r'#o "e M se eJ#e")a "e <> 3 era e#esar'o rea('-ar #a$b'os e (os par1$e!ros, Tab(a N <,< Da!os "e Ca('bra#'; "e (os Re(.s "e Sobre#orr'e!e "e (a oa M.r'"a Ub'#a#';"e(Re(. @L)eas>>=2 V' 'a I -V' 'aII V'*'a I - To2ar V'*'aI?M.r'"aII V'*'aI?Fr'aII M&#&baj' - To00 To00 - P(a!a P1eM.r'"a II ? P(a!a P1eM.r'"a II - To00 M.r'"aII?V'*'aI M.r'"a II - Ej'"o M.r'"a I - M.r'"a II Ej'"o - M.r'"a II Ej'"o - To2ar To2ar ? V'*'a I To2ar ? La Gr'!a @L> To2ar ? La Gr'!a @L5 To2ar - Ej'"o
Io$ I RTC Iarr M ! D'a( @A @A @A @se* 74= >==4 =06 = B B 5 0 >5< 64= =4 >5B4 >66= B >0,=7 646 0,= < 5B4 6= B >4<> 0,07 64= <4= B4 0= B >466> 6467 04= 745 4 <66= 5 <64< 0,675B 64= 54B 5=>04< <66= = ,<7 64>67 64= >74 ><==, 566= B =,B= 0,>7 64= >74= ><=74 566= B =4BB 64>7 64= =<4< >54 B6= B >745 0,67 64= >=B4 >664 566= = =4 64>= 64= >74 <>4 566= B ><4<< 0,6B 64= >=74< 5B>54 566= = ><,075 646B 64= ==4B ><7<4 B6= B >46 0,677 64= >764 >00= B >45= 646 64= 5545= 6467= 64= 50, ><<74 <66= > 5=,5 >7674 <66= > 54B= 6467< 64= 4 5>0=4> 566= 5 5B4<> 0,67< 64=
Tab(a N <, Aj&s!es rea('-a"os a 2ar'os "e (os Re(.s "e Sobre#orr'e!e "e (a oa M.r'"a Ub'#a#';"e(Re(. @L)eas>>= 2 V' 'a I - To2ar V'*'aIM.r'"aII M.r'"aII?V'*'aI M.r'"a II - Ej'"o Ej'"o To2ar To2ar ? V'*'a I To2ar ? La Gr'!a @L> To2ar ? La Gr'!a @L5 To2ar Ej'"o
Io$ I RTC Iarr M ! D'a( @A @A @A @se* =4 >5B4 >66= = ><45=6 646B 04= < 5B4 6= = 54>=0 0,67= 64= =<4< >54 B6= 7 >B4>7B 646 64= >=B4 >664 566= B 64= ,=6 0,>7 ==,B ><7<4 B6= 7 >7,>00 646 64= >764 >00= 7 ><4566 646B 64= 564<5 64677 64= 50, ><<74 <66= > 5=,5 >7674 <66= > 5B465 6467 64= 4 5>0=4> 566= < >7,0B0 646 64=
E (as Tab(a N <,< 3 <,= se $&es!ra (os par1$e!ros "e #a('bra#'; "e (os re(.s "e sobre#orr'e!e "e (a oa M.r'"a 3 Tr&j'((o respe#!'2a$e!e4 #a(#&(a"os "e (a 0or$a eJp('#a"a a!er'or$e!e, Las Tab(as N <, 3 <,B $&es!ra (os aj&s!es rea('-a"os a 2ar'os re(.s "e sobre#orr'e!e "e a$bas oas4 ob!e'."ose e( =54 para (a oa M.r'"a 3 e( >B4B para (a oa Tr&j'((o Tab(a N <,= Da!os "e Ca('bra#'; "e (os Re(.s "e Sobre#orr'e!e "e (a oa Tr&j'((o Ub'#a#';"e(Re(. @L)eas>>=2 Va(era II - P(a!a P1eVa(era II - Sa Lore-o Va(era II - +&ea V's!a Va(eraII?Va(eraI Va(eraII?Tr&j'((o Va(era I - +&ea V's!a Va(eraI?Va(eraII Moa3 - Va(era II Ce$e!o A"'o - Moa3 Tr&j'((o - Va(era II Tr&j'((o - +&ea V's!a Caja Se#a - +&ea V's!a
Io$ I RTC Iarr M ! D'a( @A @A @A @se* <674 5=6<4 66= = B45B 64>< 64= =54 >=<54 B0= B 5>45 0,07B 64= 74 >==04 >66= B >545 0,67 64= >4B >==64 566= = 7,7= 64>>< 64= 0,6> 54= B<4B 6= = >=47 64= >5>47 >>64 566= >>4 646 64= >4 =>B4 = 5=4= 0,07 64= 506= >64< 5=>=4 566= >=475 0,65 64= B54B 55=4 6= = 545< 0,07<5 64= 5<4 5B0>4< <6= = 5>45 6467B 64= B> >=7=4 6= = >47 0,677 64= 0,>= 57>4= >>4 <66= B =4=< 64=
Tab(a N <.B Aj&s!es rea('-a"os a 2ar'os "e (os Re(.s "e Sobre#orr'e!e "e (a oa Tr&j'((o Ub'#a#';"e(Re(. @L)eas>>=2 Va(eraI?Va(eraII Moa3 - Va(era II
Io$ I RTC Iarr @A @A @A >4 =>B4 = 506= >64< 5=>=4 566=
M
! D'a( @se* >04<0 0,67 64= >5475 0,65 64=
Co (os 2a(ores eJpresa"os e (as !ab(as a!er'ores se #os!r&3ero (as "'0ere!es #&r2as "e opera#'; "e (os re(.s, A #o!'&a#'; se $&es!ra (os *r10'#os "e !'e$po #orr'e!e "e (as pro!e##'oes para (a #orr'e!e "e 0a((a !o!a( !r'01s'#a 3 para (a #orr'e!e "e 0a((a !r'01s'#a %&e #'r#&(a por (as ra$as "e pro!e##'; para #or!o#'r#&'!os e a(*&as s&bes!a#'oes "e (a oa T1#8'ra, Las "e$1s #&r2as se p&e"e obser2ar "'re#!a$e!e e (a s'$&(a#';,
F'*&ra <,<, C&r2as !'e$po #orr'e!e "e Coor"'a#'; para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Fr)a II
F'*&ra <,, C&r2as !'e$po #orr'e!e "e Coor"'a#'; para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Sa Cr's!;ba( II
F'*&ra <,=, C&r2as !'e$po #orr'e!e "e Coor"'a#'; para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Sa A!o'o
F'*&ra <,B, C&r2as !'e$po #orr'e!e "e Coor"'a#'; para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Pa(o Gra"e
Ca('bra#'; "e (os Re(.s "e D's!a#'a Los Re(.s "e D's!a#'a se e$p(earo #o$o Pro!e##'; "e Respa("o a( eJ!re$o "e #a"a ()ea "e Tras$'s';4 a (os #&a(es se (es 9j; & !'e$po "e "'sparo "e = se*&"os, Se e$p(earo re(.s pre"e0''"os por e( pro*ra$a !'po A++REL<>B4 se aj&s!aro a&!o$1!'#a$e!e 3 se '!ro"&jero pro*ra$as "e "'sparo para 3.2.2
#a"a &o "e es!os, Deb'"o a (a *ra #a!'"a" "e Re(.s "e D's!a#'a "e( S's!e$a4 s;(o se 8ar1 re0ere#'a a( Re(. PP?MII &b'#a"o e P(a!a P1e- >>= %&e 0&#'oa #o$o pro!e##'; "e respa("o "e (a S&bes!a#'; M.r'"a II, E (a F'*&ra <,7 se $&es!ra (os par1$e!ros "e e!ra"a "e( Re(. "e D's!a#'a RPP? MII, E!re o!ras #osas se obser2a %&e es "e( !'po pre"e0''"o A++REL<>B4 (a e!ra"a "e "a!os es L)ea?L)ea 3 se $&es!ra (os 2a(ores "e (os Tras0or$a"ores "e Corr'e!e 3 Vo(!aje 3 s&s respe#!'2as re(a#'oes "e !ras0or$a#';,
F'*&ra <,7 Par1$e!ros "e( Re(. "e D's!a#'a RPP?MII,
E (a F'*&ra <, se '"'#a (a se(e##'; "e( !'po "e arra%&e4 se se(e##'oaro (os "os !'pos "'spo'b(es para $a3or #o0'ab'('"a"4 se $&es!ra e( 2a(or "e (a #orr'e!e "e ()ea re0ere#'a"a a (a #orr'e!e o$'a( "e( TC4 Ir4 e e( (a"o pr'$ar'o 3 (a !e$por'-a#'; para e( arra%&e "e( Re(.4 e es!e #aso es "'re##'oa(,
F'*&ra <, T'po 3 Cara#!er)s!'#as "e Arra%&e "e( Re(. "e D's!a#'a RPP?MII E (a 9*&ra <, se $&es!ra (as '$pe"a#'as "e aj&s!e "e( Re(. (as #&a(es se pro*ra$aro a&!o$1!'#a$e!e $e"'a!e (a pes!a:a Aj&s!e A&!o$1!'#o "e( Re(. e (a 2e!aa Co0'*&ra#'; "esp&.s "e 8aber '!ro"&#'"o e( re(. e & es%&e$a "e "'sparo,
F'*&ra <, Co0'*&ra#'; "e (as I$pe"a#'as "e( Re(.,
E (a F'*&ra <,>6 se obser2a (a Pro*ra$a#'; "e "'sparo para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e M.r'"a II, Se 'ser!aro !o"os (os re(.s "e "'s!a#'a '2o(&#ra"os #o (as ()eas %&e ((e*a a (a S&bes!a#';4 "a"o #o$o res&(!a"o (a F'*&ra <,>> "o"e se prese!a e( *ra0'#o "e T'e$po @s Vs, I$pe"a#'a @O8$ #o (os 2a(ores "e '$pe"a#'a e#esar'os para pro"&#'r & "'sparo a (os = se*&"os,
F'*&ra M.r'"a<,>6 II Pro*ra$a#'; "e "'sparo para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e
F'*&ra <,>> Gra0'#o res&(!a!e "e (a pro*ra$a#'; "e "'sparo para & #or!o#'r#&'!o e M.r'"a II
3.3
Res&(!a"os Ob!e'"os "e F(&jo "e Car*a
3.3.1 Res&(!a"os
F'*&ra <,>5 Res&(!a"os "e &jo "e Car*a e (os No"os #o Nep(a
Tab(a N <,7 Da!os "e 0(&jo "e #ar*a s&$''s!ra"os por e( Despa#8o "e Car*a @PoQer Fa#!or3 No$bre
V@2
+&eaV's!a>>=
>>>
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B,>
0
0
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<,0
-
>5,
B,5
0
0
>6<,07
D,B<
-
<>,=
>=,5<
0
0
,>B=
>6>,0<
-
0
0
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,>B=
>6>,0<
-
0
0
=5,D
<>,
0
7 ,D
5D,
0
0
0
0
La Gr'!a >>=
>6B
La Pe"rera >>=
>
Mer'"a >>= II
>
Moa3 >>=
>6
M&#&baj' >>= M.r'"a I >>= P.P1eGe >
>B
P.P1eGe 5
>B
P.P1e- Ge < P.P1eGe
0
0
>
0
0
,<6
<,7>
Pa(o Gra"e >>=
>6=,B
5,>
P(a!a P1e- >>=
>>5,0=
7,
P(a!a P1e- 5< 0
56B ,=
D,D -
Sa A*a!; Ge > SaA*a!;Ge5
><,5== ><
,>
B,0B
5> ,
000
0
000
0
0
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>
7 ,
Sa A*a!; I 5< 0
5>B,<=>
,07-
Sa A*a!; II 5< 0
5>=,DB5
<,D= -
Sa A!o'o >>=
>6=,BD<
>,0
-
< ,B
>B,77
0
0
Sa Cr's!;ba( >>=
>6,>
>,<0
-
7 ,5
55,7
0
0
Sa Cr's!;ba( II >>=
>6B,B<
5,=D
-
0,B=
>B,B
0
0
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<,- 0
To2ar >>=
>0=,77
>,D
-
50,=<
,
0
0
Tr&j'((o >>=
>67,>7
<,50
-
>>,>=
=,0
0
0
T1#8'ra >>=
>6D,BB
,<5 -
0
To M-
&#&baj'
Ur'ba!e >>= Ur'ba!e 5<0 Va(era >>= I
>>5 ,5 5>,D6 >67
000
0
000
0
0
0
000
0
0
0
7,7B-
000
0
<,< -
000
0
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<,55
-
<,7
5>,>7
0
Va(era II >>=
>67,5B6
<,57
-
5= ,B=
>5,5
0
V'*)a I >>= V'*)a II >>=
>07 ,<> >6D,B6
<,5 ,<> -
B0,00
<0,00
000
0
0
0 0
<,<,>,>,? Co$para#'; "e Res&(!a"os "e F(&jo "e Car*a Tab(a N <, D'0ere#'as por#e!&a( e!re Nep(a 3 Da!os "e PoQer Fa#!or3 e (os 2o(!ajes "e (as S&bes!a#'oes "e( S's!e$a "e Po!e#'a NEPLAN No$bre
+&eaV's!a>>= +&ea V's!a 5<0 Caja Se#a >>= Ce$e!o A"'o >>= Co#or"'a >>= Coro-o >>= Ej'"o >>= E( Coro-o 5<0 E( V'*)a II 5< 0 Fr)a II >>= G&as"a('!o>>= La Gr'!a >>= La Pe"rera >>= M.r'"a II >>= Moa3 >>=
>>
Pa(o Gra"e >>= P(a!a P1e- >>= P(a!a P1e- 5< 0 Sa A!o'o >>= Sa Cr's!;ba( >>= Sa Cr's!;ba( II >>= To2ar >>= Tr&j'((o >>= T1#8'ra >>= Ur'ba!e >>= Ur'ba!e 5<0 Va(era I >>= Va(era II >>= V'*)a I >>= V'*)a II >>=
DIFERENCIA
V
V
V
V
V
2
2
2
5 ,D >>,<7
<,5 5B ,>B
DD
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,
>6>,,5
567,0<
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6,7 5,D
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=,07
>0D,>
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0,70
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B,7
5>0,D7
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5>>,5
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B,5
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< ,
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5,57
>05,><
>6,<
=,>=
>6,7
=,7
>6,5 0
,B
>6D,=
,<0
,
M&#&baj' >>= M.r'"a I >>=
PO^ER FACTORY
V
>>> >B >67,
,
0,
< ,<
< ,
0,D
>,>
>,0
> ,>
< ,<
< ,
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>>
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>
DD,D
5 ,5 <,
5 ,B5 <,D
>0B,DB
5,
5 ,5
5,=7
>0D,>
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> ,
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>0,5
0,D0
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,7D
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0,D
<,
<,7
0 ,
,
B BB <,
> 7 D >0<,07
< D,B
>6D,<
,5>
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>>=,B>
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>00
50B,B
>6B,<7
5,
>6B,07
5,5<
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,
,
57 < ,7
< >D ,<>
5,>
5,07
5,<7
7,
<,0
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D,D
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0,=
0, B
>0,
>,<
0,<
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5,B
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5,=
0,>5
0, ><
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>,
5 ,D
<,<>
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7,5
>07,>7
<,5
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,DB
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B,7
>0D,7
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5 ,
5,7D
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D,0<
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7,7
0,57
0, <5
55B ,>
D,BB
5>,D
<,
= ,5
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B,D
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<,5
< ,B
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7,07
>07,5B
<,5
<,D0
,
>>>,= 0
B,B
>07,<
<,
< ,=
,07
>><,>7
D,>
>0D,B
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,>0
,7>
5< 0
E (a Tab(a N <, se #o$para (os por#e!ajes "e (os 2o(!ajes e (as S&bes!a#'oes "e( S's!e$a O##'"e!a(4 eJ's!'e"o e (a $a3or)a "e (os #asos &a "'0ere#'a por#e!&a( $eor a( =4 sa(2o (os res&(!a"os $ar#a"os e rojo, E( &jo "e #ar*a #o Nep(a se rea('-; $e"'a!e e( $.!o"o "e NeQ!o?Rap8so EJ!e"'"o4 $1s o se !'ee '0or$a#'; "e( $.!o"o &!'('-a"o e (a s'$&(a#'; PoQer Fa#!or3, "e (as ser ra-oes por (as #&a(es eJ's!e #o "'0ere#'as $a3oresA(*&as a( = p&e"e o#as'oa"as por (as #o"'#'oes $e"'a!e (as #&a(es se e0e#!&; (a s'$&(a#'; #o PoQer Fa#!or34 e!re e((as4 e( $.!o"o "e 0(&jo "e #ar*a e$p(ea"o4 *eera"ores 0&era "e ser2'#'o4 #o$o se p&e"e obser2ar e (a Tab(a N <,74 e!#, S' e$bar*o (os res&(!a"os ob!e'"os $e"'a!e e( pro*ra$a NEPLAN se e#&e!ra "e!ro "e & ra*o a#ep!ab(e4 (o %&e "e$&es!ra %&e es & pro*ra$a #o0'ab(e, 3.3.2
Res&(!a"os "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o
F'*&ra <,>< Corr'e!es e &b'#a#'oes "e 0a((a #o e( pro*ra$a Nep(a
Tab(a N <, Da!os "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o s&$''s!ra"os por e( Despa#8o "e Car*a @PoQer Fa#!or3 Fa((a
V@2
SE+&eaV's!a
5<
PaeG5 P,
>B
PaeG> P,
>B
IIFr'a
>> >>
+. V's!a >>=
>>= >>
Sa A!o'o
>>
Co#or"'a
>>
Pa(o Gra"e
>>
P(a!a P1eCoro-o Gr'!a La Sa Cr's!oba( I
A*
'p@A
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Scc@MVA
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<
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B,BB
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=
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>>
7
,
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B,B
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5,7
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5,7
5,=
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5<
0
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7,7
7,B=
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>>
Ur'ba!e >>= V'*'a >>= II Coro-o >>=
>> >>
>>
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=
>>
7
<,<,5,> Co$para#'; "e Res&(!a"os "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o Tab(a N < .>6 D'0ere#'as e!re Nep(a 3 Da!os "e PoQer Fa#!or3 e (as Corr'e!es 3 Po!e#'as "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o NEPLAN No$bre
+&ea V's!a >>=
PO^ER FACTORY
DIFERENCIA
Icc
Scc
Icc
Scc
Icc
Scc
A
MVA
A
MVA
A
MVA
,0B
>D6=,B>
D,7
>B5,05
0,
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5<D,0= <B ,BB
=,5D 5,5>
5>0 ,D= <=B,=
0,B> 0,55
5<,5 0,>B
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5,>
57,>
0,>5
55,7B
>>50,<D
Coro-o >>=
=,D > , 5 ,5 B =,B5 = 7 ,
>=D,D<
=,7 7,7
Ej'"o >>=
<,D
7<,D>B
< ,
7DD,D
0,0<
,B
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>7>=,B
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>BB>,05
0,>
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0,
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0,<5
5 ,5
<7>,
0,>=
B5,D ==,><
7 ,>
>>D,B
0,>B
<>,07
+&ea V's!a 5<0 Caja Se#a >>= Ce$e!o A"'o >>= Co#or"'a >>=
E( Coro-o 5<0 E( V'*)a II 5< 0 Fr)a II >>= G&as"a('!o>>=
,
>B,7
D,5D
>B=>,>>>
5 ,>
5B,B5
>>5,BD >=,7B
7 ,5
>,7B
5,>
=D>,>0D
5,B5D
=>,5
M.r'"a II >>=
=,0<
>00 <,
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75,0
Moa3 >>=
5,=>
=6>,0
5 ,<
B>,D
M&#&baj' >>=
<,B=
757,
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B<,B
M.r'"a I >>=
<,>
B<7,0B
< ,5
B5 ,0
,
DD0,BD
,7
La Gr'!a >>= La Pe"rera >>=
Pa(o Gra"e >>= P(a!a P1e- >>= P(a!a P1e- 5< 0
>>,D
5<==,7B
B ,=
5==,7
>>,D
55D7,
= ,
55
< ,5
B=>,D
,
D7B,
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D6,<
= ,=
>6=,<=
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D<=,
< ,>
B5,>B
Sa Cr's!;ba( >>=
,5
D,<5
Sa Cr's!;ba( II >>=
< ,B
750,7>
To2ar >>=
= ,7
>>=,<<
Tr&j'((o >>=
,>
D<5,05
T1#8'ra >>=
,<
>DB7,D
Ur'ba!e >>=
7,70
>=<5,=
B ,
>5<0,
Ur'ba!e 5<0
=,70
557 0,=B
= ,5
5>60,0>
Va(era I >>=
7,0D
>>0,>D
B ,B
><>B,>
7 ,D
>==,55
7 ,<
>B=,
7,<0
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B ,
>
7 ,B
>=>7,<= B ,D
><70,>
Sa A!o'o >>=
Va(era II >>= V'*)a I >>= V'*)a II >>=
D ,D
>7B>,D
0,>5
55,<<
0, 50
6 ,07
0,5D
<,D<
0,>B
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0,>
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0,
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0,5=
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0,05
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0,=
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0,<
>70,==
0,7
<,77
0,7
<,<5
0,<7
75,
0,7=
>B,
Tab(a N <.>> Por#e!ajes "e error e!re (as Corr'e!es 3 po!e#'as "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o ob!e'"as #o e( pro*ra$a Nep(a 3 (os "a!os s&$''s!ra"os "e PoQer Fa#!or3 No$bre Icc
Scc +&eaV's!a>>= +&eaV's!a5<6 CajaSe#a>>= Ce$e!oA"'o >>= Co#or"'a>>= Coro-o >>= Ej'"o >>= E( Coro-o 5<6 E( V'*)a II 5<6 Fr)a II >>= G&as"a('!o>>= La Gr'!a >>= La Pe"rera >>= M.r'"a II >>= Moa3 >>= M&#&baj' >>= M.r'"a I >>= Pa(o Gra"e >>= P(a!a P1e- >>= P(a!a P1e- 5<6 Sa A!o'o >>= Sa Cr's!;ba( >>= Sa Cr's!;ba( II >>= To2ar >>= Tr&j'((o >>= T1#8'ra >>= Ur'ba!e >>= Ur'ba!e 5<6 Va(era I >>= Va(era II >>= V'*)a I >>= V'*)a II >>=
<4= >64 5466 54=>
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64B<
0,B5
<45=
<,50
46
7,77
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<,>
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7,<
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64
0,7
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>47
74=
7,=>
B4B
B,B=
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=,B
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=,0>
4
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E (a Tab(a <,>6 se prese!a (as "'0ere#'as e!re (os 2a(ores "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o ob!e'"os #o e( pro*ra$a NEPLAN 3 (os "a!os s&$''s!ra"os por e( "espa#8o "e #ar*a s'$&(a"os #o e( Pro*ra$a PoQer Fa#!or34 #o$o p&e"e apre#'arse ee( #aso "e (a #orr'e!e "e #or!o#'r#&'!o es!as o eJ#e"e > A4 3 e #&a!o a (a po!e#'a se ob!'ee 5<45 MVA #o$o $a3or 2a(or, E (a Tab(a <,>> se $&es!ra (os por#e!ajes "e error e!re (os res&(!a"os arroja"os por a$bos pro*ra$as4 ob!e'."ose & 2a(or $1J'$o "e >64 e e( #aso "e (a Corr'e!e 3 & >4 7 e e( #aso "e (a Po!e#'a, Los Res&(!a"os a!er'ores &e2a$e!e #o$pr&eba (a 0a#!'b'('"a" 3 e0'#a#'a "e( Pro*ra$a NEPLAN, <,<,< Res&(!a"os "e Pro!e##'oes A #o!'&a#'; se prese!a (os res&(!a"os ob!e'"os para (os !'e$pos "e "'sparo "e (os re(.s "e sobre#orr'e!e 3 "'s!a#'a "e #a"a oa #&a"o o#&rre #or!o#'r#&'!os e (as "'0ere!es S&bes!a#'oes4 rea('-1"ose a1('s's so(o para (os #or!o#'r#&'!os &b'#a"os e (a oa T1#8'ra4 3 (&e*o & a1('s's *eera( para (os re(.s &b'#a"os e (as oas M.r'"a 3 Tr&j'((o,
oa T1#8'ra Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Fr)a II E (a F'*&ra <,> se p&e"e obser2ar (os Vo(!ajes e $a*'!&" 3 1*&(o "e (as s&bes!a#'oes4 (as Corr'e!es "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o e $a*'!&" 3 1*&(o4 as) #o$o (os "'s!'!os !'e$pos "e a#!&a#'; "e (os re(.s "e Sobre#orr'e!e 3 D's!a#'a4 #o$prob1"ose (a #orre#!a opera#'; "e (os $'s$os, Los pr'$eros Re(.s e operar so (os "e Sobre#orr'e!e "e (a s&bes!a#'; Fr)a II @"eb'"o a (a #a('bra#'; 3 (&e*o (os re(.s "e sobre#orr'e!e "e V'*)a I 3 Sa A!o'o #o #'er!o re!ar"o "eb'"o a (a Coor"'a#'; 3 por (!'$o se obser2a e( "'sparo "e (os Re(.s "e D's!a#'a "es"e (as s&bes!a#'oes #oe#!a"as #o Fr)a II,
F'*&ra <,> Tab(a "e T'e$po "e "'sparo "e Re(.s para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Fr)a II
Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Sa Cr's!;ba( II A1(o*a$e!e a (a F'*&ra <,> se p&e"e obser2ar (a #orre#!a opera#'; "e (os re(.s "e sobre#orr'e!e 3 D's!a#'a4 e es!e #aso4 s;(o a#!a (os 5 re(.s "e sobre#orr'e!e &b'#a"os e (as ()eas %&e ((e*a a (a S&bes!a#'; Sa Cr's!;ba( II 3a %&e (os o!ros 5 eJ!re$os "e es!1s ()eas ((e*a a P(a!a T1#8'ra >>= 3 Coro-o >>= 3 #o$o se 8a e eJp('#a"o a!er'or$e!e o se #o(o#aro re(.s "e sobre#orr'e!e es!as s&bes!a#'oes, Ta$b'. se obser2a %&e "'#8os re(.s opera #o $'('se*&"os "e re!raso 3 es!o es "eb'"o a %&e (as #orr'e!es "e #or!o#'r#&'!o %&e #'r#&(a por #a"a &a "e (as ()eas so "'0ere!es 3 pro2o#a e( "'sparo "e es!os re(.s e !'e$pos ('*era$e!e "'s!'!os por (a #a('bra#'; "e (os $'s$os,
F'*&ra <,>= Tab(a "e T'e$po "e "'sparo "e Re(.s para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Sa Cr's!;ba( II
Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Sa A!o'o E (a F'*&ra <,>B se obser2a (a opera#'; "e (os re(.s "e sobre#orr'e!e 3 D's!a#'a #&a"o o#&rre & #or!o#'r#&'!o e (a S&bes!a#'; Sa A!o'o4 ;!ese %&e (os re(.s OC?7=57 3 OC? 7B6>6 &b'#a"os e Fr)a II 3 Sa A!o'o respe#!'2a$e!e se "'spara e e( $'s$o !'e$po, Es!e 0&e e( aj&s!e $1s #er#ao %&e se (o*r; rea('-ar "eb'"o a %&e (as #orr'e!es "e #or!o#'r#&'!o e a$bas s&bes!a#'oes so $&3 pare#'"as 3 es por e((o %&e e( re(. "e sobre#orr'e!e &b'#a"o e Fr)a II a#!a 's!a!1ea$e!e #&a"o o#&rre & #or!o#'r#&'!o e Sa A!o'o, E( re(. OC?7B65< se "'spara &os $'('se*&"os "esp&.s por (a $'s$a ra-; eJp('#a"a a!er'or$e!e,
F'*&ra <,>B Tab(a "e T'e$po "e "'sparo "e Re(.s para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Sa A!o'o
Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Pa(o Gra"e E (a 9*&ra <,>7 se obser2a (os re(.s "e sobre#orr'e!e 3 D's!a#'a '2o(&#ra"os #o (a S&bes!a#'; Pa(o Gra"e4 #os!a!1"ose %&e opera #orre#!a$e!e se* (a #a('bra#'; "a"a,
F'*&ra <,>7 Tab(a "e T'e$po "e "'sparo "e Re(.s para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Pa(o Gra"e.
Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Sa Cr's!;ba( I E (a 0'*&ra <,> se o!a %&e (os re(.s "e Sobre#orr'e!e OC? 7B<<5 3 OC?7B>< &b'#a"os e (os eJ!re$os "e (a ()ea %&e "a a (as S&bes!a#'oes La Gr'!a 3 Sa Cr's!;ba( I respe#!'2a$e!e a#!a #o & $'('se*&"o "e "'0ere#'a "eb'"o a (as se$eja-as "e (as #orr'e!es "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o4 a&%&e se s'*&e respe!a"o (a Coor"'a#'; 3a %&e pr'$ero opera e( re(. &b'#a"o e Sa Cr's!;ba( I4 #o$o era "e esperarse,
F'*&ra <,> Tab(a "e T'e$po "e "'sparo "e Re(.s para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Sa Cr's!;ba( I
Cor!o#'r#&'!o e La Pe"rera E (a 0'*&ra <,> se obser2a %&e (os re(.s "e sobre#orr'e!e &b'#a"os e (a s&bes!a#'; La Pe"rera so (os pr'$eros e "'sparase4 respe!a"o (a #oor"'a#'; "e( s's!e$a 3 (os re(.s "e "'s!a#'a a#!a se* (a #a('bra#'; "a"a,
F'*&ra <,> Tab(a "e T'e$po "e "'sparo "e Re(.s para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e La Pe"rera
Cor!o#'r#&'!o e La Gr'!a La S&bes!a#'; La Gr'!a es &a "e (as $1s '$por!a!es "e (a oa T1#8'ra "eb'"o a (a #a!'"a" "e ()eas "e !ras$'s'; %&e ((e*a a e((a4 3 es por es!o (a *ra #a!'"a" "e re(.s !a!o "e sobre#orr'e!e #o$o "e "'s!a#'a '2o(&#ra"os #o (a $'s$a, E (a F'*&ra <,56 se obser2a %&e (os re(.s "e Sobre#orr'e!e "e (a Gr'!a so (os pr'$eros e operar #o respe#!o a (os %&e es!1 &b'#a"os e (os eJ!re$os "e (as ()eas "e #oeJ'; #o (as S&bes!a#'oes To2ar 3 Sa Cr's!;ba( I4 #o$prob1"ose as) (a #orre#!a Coor"'a#'; "e (os $'s$os,
F'*&ra <,56 Tab(a "e T'e$po "e "'sparo "e Re(.s para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e La Gr'!a
Cor!o#'r#&'!o e G&as"&a('!o E (a 9*&ra <,5> se p&e"e obser2ar %&e !o"os (os re(.s es!1 opera"o #orre#!a$e!e,
F'*&ra <,5> Tab(a "e T'e$po "e "'sparo "e Re(.s para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e G&as"&a('!o
oa M.r'"a Cor!o#'r#&'!o e To2ar
F'*&ra <,55 Tab(a "e T'e$po "e "'sparo "e Re(.s para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e To2ar
Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Ej'"o
F'*&ra <,5< Tab(a "e T'e$po "e "'sparo "e Re(.s para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Ej'"o
Cor!o#'r#&'!o e M.r'"a I
F'*&ra <,5 Tab(a "e T'e$po "e "'sparo "e Re(.s para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e
M.r'"a I
Cor!o#'r#&'!o e M.r'"a II
F'*&ra <,5= Tab(a "e T'e$po "e "'sparo "e Re(.s para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e M.r'"a II
Cor!o#'r#&'!o e V'*)a I
F'*&ra <,5B Tab(a "e T'e$po "e "'sparo "e Re(.s para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e V'*)a I
Cor!o#'r#&'!o e M&#&baj'
F'*&ra <,57 Tab(a "e T'e$po "e "'sparo "e Re(.s para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e M&#&baj'
oa Tr&j'((o Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Va(era II
F'*&ra <,5 Tab(a "e T'e$po "e "'sparo "e Re(.s para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Va(era II
Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Va(era I
F'*&ra <,5 Tab(a "e T'e$po "e "'sparo "e Re(.s para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Va(era I
Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Moa3
F'*&ra <,<6 Tab(a "e T'e$po "e "'sparo "e Re(.s para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Moa3
Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Ce$e!o A"'o
F'*&ra <,<> Tab(a "e T'e$po "e "'sparo "e Re(.s para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Ce$e!o A"'o
Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Tr&j'((o
F'*&ra <,<5 Tab(a "e T'e$po "e "'sparo "e Re(.s para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Tr&j'((o
Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Caja Se#a
F'*&ra <,<< Tab(a "e T'e$po "e "'sparo "e Re(.s para & Cor!o#'r#&'!o e Caja Se#a
<, A1('s's "e Res&(!a"os Los re(.s "e Sobre#orr'e!e 3 D's!a#'a "e (as oas M.r'"a 3 Tr&j'((o se e#&e!ra 0&#'oa"o #orre#!a$e!e #o$o p&e"e obser2arse e (as "'0ere!es 0'*&ras "e !'e$po "e "'sparo "e (os re(.s para #or!o#'r#&'!os e #a"a &a "e (as
S&bes!a#'oes "e "'#8as -oas, Es!o es & '"'#a!'2o %&e e( pro*ra$a NEPLAN !a$b'. es &a 8erra$'e!a "e a3&"a #&a"o se re%&'ere #oor"'ar 3 #a('brar pro!e##'oes, E (as 0'*&ras <,554 <,5=4 <,5B4 <,5 3 <,<5 para #or!o#'r#&'!os e To2ar4 M.r'"a II4 V'*)a I4 Va(era I 3 Tr&j'((o respe#!'2a$e!e4 se obser2a %&e a(*&os re(.s se "'spara a( $'s$o !'e$po e (os eJ!re$os "e (a ()ea "e "e Tras$'s';4 a (ase$eja-a "e (as #orr'e!es #or!o#'r#&'!oses!o e "eb'"o (as s&bes!a#'oes '2o(&#ra"as4 por (o %&e se "eb'ero rea('-ar a(*&os aj&s!es e (os par1$e!ros "e (os "'spos'!'2os,
CONCLUSIONES E (a A#!&a('"a" e( &so "e pro*ra$as para e( A1('s's "e S's!e$as "e Po!e#'a es #a"a 2e- $a3or "eb'"o a %&e 0a#'('!a e( pro#eso "e reso(2er prob(e$as "e s's!e$as "e *ra !a$a:o 3 #o$p(ej'"a"4 es por es!o %&e e$p(ear 8erra$'e!as "e s'$&(a#'; se 8a #o2er!'"o e e( pr'#'pa( 's!r&$e!o "e !rabajo "e( I*e'ero E(e#!r'#'s!a, De a(() (a '$por!a#'a "e e$p(ear es!os pro*ra$as e '!ro"&#'r(os #o$o #o$p(e$e!o e a(*&as $a!er'as e e( a&(a "e #(ase4 (o %&e per$'!e a( a(&$o "esarro((ar &e2os #oo#'$'e!os 3 0a$'('ar'-arse #o (as "'0ere!es 8erra$'e!as "'*'!a(es, Los es!&"'os "e Pro!e##'oes 3 Coor"'a#'; "e (as $'s$as so "e s&$a '$por!a#'a e e( p(aea$'e!o "e S's!e$as "e Po!e#'a 3a %&e .s!e es 2&(erab(e a (os "'s!'!os !'pos "e 0a((a %&e se p&e"e prese!ar4 3 %&e "e o ser "espeja"as a !'e$po p&e"e res&(!ar 0a!a(es #a&sa"o p.r"'"as a *ra es#a(a, Es por es!o %&e es '$por!a!e #oo#er (as Corr'e!es "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o %&e se prese!a e e( s's!e$a 3 as) #a('brar "e $aera e9#a- (os "'s!'!os re(.s a &!'('-ar para pro!e*er e( S's!e$a, NEPLAN es &a 8erra$'e!a #o$p&!a#'oa( %&e (e prese!a a( &s&ar'o &a $aera "'"1#!'#a "e '!ro"&#'r (os "a!os "e (os e(e$e!os %&e #o0or$a e( S's!e$a "e Po!e#'a %&e "esea s'$&(ar 3 (e br'"a "'0ere!es op#'oes "e es!&"'o #o$o (o so/ A1('s's "e F(&jo De Car*a4 Cor!o#'r#&'!o4 Coor"'a#'; "e Pro!e##'oes4 Es!ab'('"a" "e Vo(!aje4 e!re o!ros, Me"'a!e e( #aso "e es!&"'o se p&"o #os!a!ar (a #o0'ab'('"a" 3 e0'#a#'a "e( pro*ra$a NEPLAN e (os a1('s's "e F(&jo "e Car*a 3 Cor!o#'r#&'!o e #o$para#'; #o (os "a!os propor#'oa"os %&e 0&ero s'$&(a"os #o D'*S'(e! "e( PoQer Fa#!or34 %&e (os res&(!a"os ob!e'"os 0&ero se 0a2orab(es #er#aos 3a a (a rea('"a", Las pe%&e:as "'0ere#'as "eb'ero 3 pr'#'pa($e!e a (os $.!o"os "e a1('s's e$p(ea"os, E( F(&jo "e Car*a se rea('-; $e"'a!e e( M.!o"o "e NeQ!o Rap8so EJ!e"'"o 3 e( es!&"'o "e Cor!o#'r#&'!o $e"'a!e e( M.!o"o "e S&perpos'#'; s' F(&jo "e #ar*a e e( #aso "e (a s'$&(a#'; #o NEPLAN4 $'e!ras
%&e o se #&e!a #o (a '0or$a#'; "e (os $.!o"os e$p(ea"os e (a s'$&(a#'; #o PoQer Fa#!or3, De '*&a( 0or$a o se #&e!a #o (a '0or$a#'; pre#'sa "e (as #o"'#'oes e (as #&a(es se e#o!raba e( S's!e$a O##'"e!a( #&a"o se (e 8'#'ero (os respe#!'2os es!&"'os e PoQer Fa#!or3, E #&a!o a (a #oor"'a#'; 3 "'se:o "e pro!e##'oes e( pro*ra$a NEPLAN arroj; b&eos res&(!a"os, Las pro!e##'oes "e sobre#orr'e!e 3 "'s!a#'a a#!&aro se* s& #a('bra#';4 a #&a"o es re(e2a!e "es!a#ar %&e se e#o!raro "'2ersas ('$'!a#'oes e e( M;"&(o "e Pro!e##'oes %&e so '$por!a!es se:a(ar/ S;(o se pro!e*'; e( S's!e$a #o re(.s "e sobre#orr'e!e 3 "'s!a#'a 3a %&e so (os '#os re(.s #o (os %&e se p&e"e rea('-ar es!&"'os "e pro!e##'oes e e( Pro*ra$a4 por e"e se res!r'*'; (a pro!e##'; a (as ()eas "e !ras$'s'; "e (as S&bes!a#'oes "e >>= 2, No se pro!e*'ero (os !ras0or$a"ores 3 *eera"ores 3a %&e (a pro!e##'; pr'#'pa( para es!os e(e$e!os es (a pro!e##'; "'0ere#'a( #o (a #&a( o #&e!a e( NEPLAN No se '!ro"&jero 0&s'b(es4 '!err&p!ores ' s&'#8es 3a %&e e( Pro*ra$a o #&e!a #o &a ('brer)a "e (os $'s$os4 a s& 2e- es '$por!a!e "es!a#ar %&e es! os e(e$e!os o "espeja (a 0a((a4 se p&e"e obser2ar %&e '#a$e!e se s'$&(a s& opera#'; e (os eje$p(os "e( $;"&(o "e pro!e##'oes pero o se "espeja (as 0a((as 3a %&e (os #or!o#'r#&'!os so sos!e'"os,
RECOMENDACIONES Dar(e & $a3or pro2e#8o a e( Pro*ra$a NEPLAN 3 e$p(ear(o #o$o #o$p(e$e!o "e (as $a!er'as S's!e$as "e Po!e#'a I 3 II4 S's!e$as "e Pro!e##'oes 3 S's!e$as "e D's!r'b&#'; para "e es!a $aera br'"ar(e a (os es!&"'a!es $1s op#'oes %&e s'r2a "e re0&er-o a s& prepara#'; 3 8a#er $1s "'"1#!'#o e( pro#eso "e apre"'-aje, Tra!ar "e a"%&'r'r (a ('#e#'a "e por (o $eos >66 o"os "e( NEPLAN por par!e "e (a U'2ers'"a" "e (os A"es para rea('-ar es!&"'os 0&!&ros a S's!e$as "e Po!e#'a "e $a3or !a$a:o, Co!ar #o e%&'pos e#esar'os para %&e e( pro*ra$a NEPLAN se eje#&!e "e $aera r1p'"a4 #o$o $)'$o & e%&'po "e >, G-4 Me$or'a RAM "e =>5 Mb4 !arje!a "e 2'"eo "e >5 Mb34 $o'!or "e >7 #o reso(&#'; "e >65J7B, Teer #(aros (os #oo#'$'e!os b1s'#os "e S's!e$as "e Po!e#'a 3 Pro!e##'oes as) #o$o (a $aera "e '!ro"&#'r e(e$e!os e e( Pro*ra$a NEPLAN #o s&s respe#!'2os par1$e!ros para as) $''$'-ar errores, E0e#!&ar (a a"$''s!ra#'; "e "a!os *r19#a$e!e4 "eb'"o a %&e es!a 0or$a es "e 01#'( a##eso 3 per$'!e (a 2's&a('-a#'; "'re#!a "e( "'a*ra$a &'0'(ar "e( S's!e$a4 e2'!a"o as) #o$e!er errores #&a"o se '!ro"&-#a (os $'s$os,
REFERENCIAS +I+LIOGR_FICAS
Ara&jo ora#'o4 Es!&"'o "e Coor"'a#'; "e Pro!e##'oes "e( S's!e$a E(.#!r'#o I"&s!r'a( "e (a Fabr'#a "e V'"r'o "e (os A"es C,A @FAVIANCA4 Trabajo "e Gra"o4 U'2ers'"a" "e (os A"es M.r'"a?Vee-&e(a4 566B 1.
NEPLAN @Vers'; =,5, Wso0!Qare "e P(aea$'e!o "e Re"esX, T&!or'a( 3 Ma&a(, Gr&po +CP +&sarre((o ] Co!! ] Par!er I#, S&'-a, 2.
3. Pe:a(o-a
A(eJa"er4 Ap('#a#'; "e( Pro*ra$a NEPLAN a( #1(#&(o "e Fa((os S'$.!r'#os 3 As'$.!r'#os e Re"es "e Po!e#'a4 Trabajo "e Gra"o4 U'2ers'"a" "e (os A"es M.r'"a? Vee-&e(a4 566B 4. Pro!e##'oes
"e (as L)eas E(.#!r'#as @"o#&$e!o e ()ea "'spo'b(e e (a p1*'a ^ ^^ ,e (r ' # o " e (e s ! & " 'a ! e ,#o$ 5. Ro"r)*&e-4
M, A1('s's "e S's!e$as "e Po!e#'a, E"'!or'a( E"'(&-,
>5 6. Ro$ero4
C 3 S!ep8es4 R, Pro!e##'; "e S's!e$as "e Po!e#'a4 U'2ers'"a" "e (os A"es M.r'"a?Vee-&e(a,
ANEHOS AeJo N > 1. Re%&er'$'e!os $)'$os "e( Pro*ra$a NEPLAN >,> Cara#!er)s!'#as "e( E%&'po "e Co$p&!a#'; ar"Qare/ d Pro#esa"or/ Pe!'&$ III "e > G- o $1s r1p'"o dMe$or'a RAM/ >5 Mb $)'$o4 2a(or re#o$e"a"o =>5 Mb @"epe"e "e( $ero "e o"os "e (a re" 3 "e( !'po "e es!&"'o a rea('-ar dU'"a" "e CD?ROM dReso(&#'; *r10'#a >65 J 7B ; $a3or dSe p&e"e &!'('-ar !o"as (as '$presoras 3 p(o!!ers @A ? A6 %&e sea sopor!a"os por M'#roso0! ^'"oQs, So0!Qare/ d^'"oQs HP4 56664 NT, dM'#roso0! O00'#e4 re#o$e"a"o para &a 01#'( e2a(&a#'; "e res&(!a"os, 2. Co#ep!os
+1s'#os "e NEPLAN
A #o!'&a#'; se eJp('#a 2ar'os #o#ep!os %&e $aeja e( pro*ra$a 3 as) e!e"er e( a$b'e!e "e NEPLAN,
F'*&ra > D'a*ra$a &'9(ar #o (os #o$poe!es "e (a re"
U s's!e$a e(.#!r'#o "e po!e#'a #os!a "e o"os 3 e(e$e!os, No"o s U o"o es & p&!o "e #oeJ'; "e "os e(e$e!os o &a &b'#a#';4 "o"e (a eer*)a e(.#!r'#a se pro"&#e o se #os&$e @*eera"or4 #ar*a, E NEPLAN & o"o se "es#r'be #o/ dNo$bre @'"e!'0'#a#'; "e >7 #ara#!eres $1J'$o4 dVo(!aje o$'a( "e( s's!e$a e V4 dDes#r'p#'; @<> #ara#!eres $1J'$o4 dGr&po "e Re" o 1rea4 d T'po "e o"o @barraje "e "'s!r'b&#'; pr'#'pa(4 barraje "e "'s!r'b&#';4 barraje a's(a"o o barraje espe#'a( dAso#'a#'; #o &a s&bes!a#';,
E( 2o(!aje o$'a( "e( s's!e$a V es e( 2o(!aje ()ea ()ea4 para e( #&a( e( s's!e$a "e po!e#'a es!1 "'se:a"o 3 #o respe#!o a( #&a( se 8a#e re0ere#'a a (as #ara#!er)s!'#as "e( s's!e$a "e po!e#'a, E NEPLAN e( 2o(!aje o$'a( "e( s's!e$a para (os o"os4 se "ebe "'*'!ar "&ra!e (a e!ra"a "e (os "a!os "e (os o"os, E(e$e! os U e(e$e!o #orrespo"e a & #o$poe!e "e (a re"4 por eje$p(o ()ea4 !ras0or$a"or o $1%&'a e(.#!r'#a, EJ's!e e(e$e!os a#!'2os 3 e(e$e!os pas'2os, U e(e$e!o se "es#r'be !opo(;*'#a$e!e por & o"o ''#'a( 3 & o"o 9a(, Para !ras0or$a"ores "e !res "e2aa"os es e#esar'o '"'#ar & !er#er o"o, Los e(e$e!os se "es#r'be e(.#!r'#a$e!e por/
dLa #orr'e!e4 2o(!aje 3 po!e#'a o$'a(es, dS&s par1$e!ros !a(es #o$o4 p.r"'"as4
rea#!a#'as4 e!#,
Los e(e$e!os a#!'2os so (as $1%&'as s'#r;'#as4 e%&'2a(e!es "e re"4 $1%&'as as'#r;'#as 3 es!a#'oes *eera"oras, U e%&'2a(e!e "e re" represe!a &a re" 0ro!era o re" 2e#'a @e(e#!r'0'#a"ora, Los e(e$e!os pas'2os so (as ()eas4 a#op(a"ores4 rea#!ores4 !ras0or$a"ores "e "os 3 !res "e2aa"os4 e(e$e!os para(e(os @s8&!s 3 (as #ar*as, Las #ar*as !a$b'. se p&e"e e!rar a (o (ar*o "e (a ()ea4 s' e#es'"a" "e e!rar o"os @Car*as e ()eas, Mo"e(a$'e!o "e E(e$e!os A#!'2os E (os #1(#&(os "e #or!o#'r#&'!o (os e(e$e!os a#!'2os se $o"e(a por $e"'o "e (as rea#!a#'as s&b!ras'!or'as, Para (os #1(#&(os "e 0(&jos "e #ar*a es!os e(e$e!os se "ebe represe!ar por s&s po!e#'as a#!'2as 3 rea#!'2as @No"os P o por (a $a*'!&" 3 e( 1*&(o "e( 2o(!aje @o"o s(a# e e( o"o, E( e%&'2a(e!e "e re" &s&a($e!e se $o"e(a #o$o & o"o s(a#,
E%&'pos 3 Vo(!aje"e Pro!e##'; 3 Tras0or$a"ores "e Corr'e!e Los e%&'pos "e pro!e##'; @re(.s "e sobre#orr'e!e4 re(.s "e "'s!a#'a e '!err&p!ores 3 (os !ras0or$a"ores "e #orr'e!e 3 2o(!aje es!1 aso#'a"os #o & o"o 3 & e(e$e!o "e s&'#8eo, No !'ee '0(&e#'a e (os #1(#&(os "e 0(&jo "e #ar*a 3 #or!o #'r#&'!o, D&ra!e (os #1(#&(os se #8e%&ea s&s 2a(ores ()$'!e, Es!os e(e$e!os se &!'('-a e (os $;"&(os "e #oor"'a#'; "e re(.s, Ca$p o Se p&e"e as'*ar & #a$po a #a"a #oeJ'; "e & o"oe(e$e!o, S' eJ's!e 2ar'os "'spos'!'2os "e pro!e##'; e e( o"o 3 e e( e(e$e!o4 e( o$bre "e( #a$po seaso#'ar1 #o (os "'spos'!'2os, S&bes!a#' ; Ua s&bes!a#'; p&e"e #o!eer 2ar'os o"os 3 o !'ee e0e#!o sobre (os #1(#& (os o e (a #oor"'a#'; "e (os e%&'pos "e pro!e##';, S;(o se &!'('-a #o re(a#'; a (a base "e "a!os,
E(e$e!os Geera(es NEPLAN pro2ee & !'po "e e(e$e!o *eera(4 e( #&a( se p&e"e &!'('-ar #o prop;s'!o s "e "o#&$e!a#'; o '0or$a#';, Es!os e(e$e!os o se &!'('-a e (os #1(#&(os, Se p&e"e "e9'r &e2os !'pos "e e(e$e!os *eera(es por $e"'o "e( e"'!or "e s)$bo(os, Para #a"a !'po "e e(e$e!o es pos'b(e as'*ar &a !ab(a "e base "e "a!os S)$bo( o Ca"a e(e$e!o !'ee & s)$bo(o es!1"ar, S' se %&'ere #a$b'ar &o e par!'#&(ar4 se p&e"e se(e##'oar e (a ('brer)a a!es "e a"'#'oar & &e2o e(e$e!o a( "'a*ra$a "e re", NEPLAN '#(&3e &a ('brer)a "e s)$bo(os, S' se e#es'!a a"'#'oar o!ro s)$bo(o a (a ('brer)a4 se p&e"e 8a#er por $e"'o "e( e"'!or "e s)$bo(os, Ta$b'. es pos'b(e $o"'0'#ar & s)$bo(o4 (o $'s$o %&e e( 1*&(o "e( (!'$o,
I!err&p!ore s E NEPLAN (os '!err&p!ores se &!'('-a para #a$b'ar (a !opo(o*)a "e (a re" @so e(e$e!os "e( !'po pre"'"oapa*a"o ONOFF, EJ's!e "os !'pos "'0ere!es "e '!err&p!ores/ dI!err&p!ores 0)s'#os dI!err&p!ores (;*'#os Los '!err&p!ores 0)s'#os so (os a#op(a"ores4 '!err&p!ores 3 "es#oe#!a"ores o s&'#8es "e #ar*a, Se p&e"e e!rar e "os 0or$as "'0ere!es/ 3a sea aso#'a"os a & e(e$e!o #o & o"o "e ''#'o 3 &o "e 9a('-a#'; o se p&e"e e!rar #o$o e%&'pos "e pro!e##'; aso#'a"os !opo(;*'#a$e!e #o e( e(e$e!o a pro!e*er 3 e( o"o "e( e(e$e!o, Los '!err&p!ores (;*'#os so '!err&p!ores 0'#!'#'os %&e es!1 aso#'a"os #o !o"os (os e(e$e!os "e( s's!e$a, Ua ()ea por eje$p(o !'ee "os '!err&p!ores (;*'#os4 &o &b'#a"o e e( o"o "e 0'a('-a#'; 3 e( o!ro e e( o"o "e ''#'o,
Gr&po "e Re" U *r&po "e re" es & 1rea "e (a re", La re" se "e9e por $e"'o "e (a Ve!aa "e "a!os "e No"o, Ca"a o"o #o e( $'s$o o$bre "e Gr&po per!ee#e a( $'s$o Gr&po "e Re" o 1rea, Ca"a 1rea se p&e"e "'b&jar #o & #o(or "'0ere!e, Re" Par#'a( A "'0ere#'a "e (os *r&pos "e re"4 &a re" par#'a( es &a re" '"epe"'e!e, Ua re" par#'a( o !'ee #oeJ'oes #o '* o!ro e(e$e!o "e (a re", Se p&e"e #rear re"es par#'a(es abr'e"o (os '!err&p!ores (;*'#os o (os 0)s'#os, Se (e p&e"e "ar & #o(or "'0ere!e a #a"a &a "e (as re"es par#'a(es @F'*, 5,
F'*&ra 5 Capas Gr19#as Capas Gr19#as Se "ebe as'*ar &a #apa *r10'#a a !o"o o"o o e(e$e!o, A!es "e 'ser!ar *r10'#a$e!e & &e2o o"o o e(e$e!o se "ebe se(e##'oar (a #apa *r10'#a, Las #apas *r10'#as se p&e"e "esp(e*ar se(e#!'2a$e!e, Por eje$p(o4 se p&e"e &sar #apas "'0ere!es para !ras0or$a"ores "e #orr'e!e 3 re(.s, S' se es!1 8a#'e"o #1(#&(os "e 0(&jo "e #ar*a se po"r)a "esa#!'2ar (as #apas "e (os re(.s, S' se es!1 8a#'e"o es!&"'os "e #oor"'a#'; "e re(.s4 se po"r)a a#!'2ar &e2a$e!e (as #apas "e re(.s, La #apa *r10'#a "e #a"a e(e$e!o se prese!a e (a par!e s&per'or "e (a 2e!aa "e e!ra"a "e "a!os "e( e(e$e!o, A #a"a #apa *r19#a se (e p&e"e as'*ar & #o(or "'0ere!e,
3. I!er0ase
#o e( &s&ar'o
F'*&ra < Cara#!er)s!'#as "e (a Ve!aa "e I!er0a- #o e( Us&ar'o Los s'*&'e!es $eros '"'#a (as #ara#!er)s!'#as pr'#'pa(es "e (a 2e!aa "e '!er0a- #o e( &s&ar'o/ 1. +arra "e T)!&(o
2. +arra
"e Op#'oes "e Me 3. +arra "e erra$'e!as 4. _rea "e !rabajo #o "'a*ra$as 3 !ab(as "e "a!os 5. A"$''s!ra"or "e Var'a!es 6. Ve!aa "e S)$bo(os 7. Ve!aa "e Mesajes 8. +arra
Es!a"o
"e
+arra "e erra$'e!as To"os (os bo!oes "e #o$a"o es!1 e%&'pa"os #o a3&"as !eJ!&a(es "esp(e*ab(es @b&rb&ja4 (as #&a(es apare#e #&a"o e(
#&rsor se sos!'ee '$;2'( por & $o$e!o sobre e( bo!;4 s' pres'oar '*&a !e#(a, Mos #o$a"os p&e"e ser eje#&!a"os "es"e (a barra "e 8erra$'e!as4 !a$b'. se p&e"e e#o!rar e (os $es
respe#!'2os, O!ros4 pr'#'pa($e!e (os #o$a"os *r10'#os4 s;(o p&e"e ser eje#&!a"os "es"e (a barra "e 8erra$'e!as, _rea "e Trabajo E e( 1rea "e !rabajo se p&e"e abr'r "'0ere!es "'a*ra$as, E( $'s$o "'a*ra$a p&e"e ser &!'('-a"o para #rear (a re"4 #os!r&'r (os s's!e$as "e #o!ro( o e(aborar "'b&jos, A"$''s!ra"or "e Var'a!es E( A"$''s!ra"or "e Var'a!es s&$''s!ra &a b&ea 2's'; *eera( "e (os pro3e#!os 3 2ar'a!es ab'er!as, Se p&e"e $aejar 3 a"$''s!rar &e2os pro3e#!os 3 2ar'a!es4 (o #&a( s'*'9#a %&e .s!os p&e"e ser e('$'a"os4 a"'#'oa"os4 a#!'2a"os o "esa#!'2a"os, Des"e e( A"$''s!ra"or "e Var'a!es4 e( &s&ar'o p&e"e pasar 8a#'a e( A"$''s!ra"or "e D'a*ra$as4 e( #&a( a"$''s!ra (os "'a*ra$as ab'er!os #o s&s #apas *r10'#as, Ve!aa "e S)$bo(os La Ve!aa "e S)$bo(os #o!'ee !o"os (os s)$bo(os "e (os e(e$e!os "'spo'b(es e e( so0!Qare, Apar!e "e (os s)$bo(os es!1"ares4 para a(*&os e(e$e!os eJ's!e o!ros s)$bo(os #o apar'e#'a *r10'#a "'0ere!e4 pero #o eJa#!a$e!e (as $'s$as #ara#!er)s!'#as, Se p&e"e #rear &e2os s)$bo(os o $o"'0'#ar (os eJ's!e!es $e"'a!e (a ('brer)a "e s)$bo(os Ve!aa "e Mesajes La 2e!aa "e $esajes es e( #aa( "e #o$&'#a#'; #o e( &s&ar'o, Es!a 2e!aa s&$''s!ra '0or$a#'; a#er#a "e (os pro#esos eje#&!a"os4 $esajes "e error e '0or$a#'; a"'#'oa(,
4.
La A3&"a e L)ea
F'*&ra C;$o A#!'2ar (a A3&"a e L)ea La 0'*&ra a!er'or $&es!ra #;$o a#!'2ar (a A3&"a e L)ea, Co e( bo!; @> se a#!'2a (a a3&"a ses'b(e a( #o!eJ!o4 es!o s'*'0'#a %&e "esp&.s "e pres'oar es!e bo!;4 e( &s&ar'o po"r1 8a#er #('# e (a #ara#!er)s!'#a o "'1(o*o para e( #&a( e#es'!a '0or$a#'; a"'#'oa(, A( se(e##'oar (os !e$as "e a3&"a e e( $e "e A3&"a o a( pres'oar F>4 e( &s&ar'o p&e"e ob!eer $1s '0or$a#'; por $e"'o "e &a bs%&e"a por !e$as o & )"'#e, 5. Crea#';
"e & &e2o pro3e#!o e NEPLAN Paso > Crear & N&e2o Pro3e#!o Desp&.s "e 8aber ''#'a"o e( pro*ra$a4 para #rear & &e2o pro3e#!o se "ebe 8a#er #('# e e( $e Ar#8'2o N&e2o, 1. I*resar (a &b'#a#'; o e( "'re#!or'o para *rabar e( pro3e#!o, A( pres'oar e( bo!; 4 se p&e"e se(e##'oar e( "'re#!or'o, 2. E!rar e( o$bre "e( pro3e#!o 3. Se(e##'oar e( !'po "e re"/ E(e#!r'#'"a"4 A*&a o Gas, 4. S' se "esea4 se p&e"e e!rar &a "es#r'p#'; "e( pro3e#!o, 5. Se(e##'oar e( !a$a:o "e( "'a*ra$a 3 (a or'e!a#'; "e (a p1*'a, 6. Pres'oar e( bo!; A#ep!ar,
F'*&ra = Crea#'; "e & &e2o pro3e#!o La s'*&'e!e 0'*&ra $&es!ra (a '!er0ase "e &s&ar'o &a 2e- #rea"o e( &e2o pro3e#!o, a. La barra "e !)!&(o $&es!ra e( o$bre "e( pro3e#!o a#!'2o, b. Se abre & "'a*ra$a para (a re" base @roo!e!, c. E( A"$''s!ra"or "e Var'a!es $&es!ra (a es!r&#!&ra "e( 1rbo( "e( pro3e#!o4 e( #&a( #o!'ee e es!e $o$e!o s;(o (a re" base
F'*&ra Pa!a((a (&e*o "e #rear & &e2o pro3e#!o
Paso 5 E!rar &a Re" E es!e paso4 se "eber1 '*resar1 o"os 3 e(e$e!os para #os!r&'r &a re" e(.#!r'#a, La Ve!aa "e S)$bo(os per$'!e es#o*er "e &a $aera $&3 se#'((a4 e( s)$bo(o "e( e(e$e!o "esea"o, Se "ebe e$pe-ar e!ra"o #&a(%&'er e(e$e!o %&e #o0or$a e( s's!e$a "e po!e#'a, No es e#esar'o '*resar pr'$ero (os o"os4 p&es NEPLAN per$'!e e!rar e e( "'a*ra$a (os e(e$e!os 3 o"os "e 0or$a '"epe"'e!e4 3 (&e*o '!er#oe#!ar(os por $e"'o "e &a &';, Las ()eas so (os '#os e(e$e!os %&e o se p&e"e e!rar '"epe"'e!e$e!e e((as e#es'!a p&!os "e #oeJ';4 (os #&a(es p&e"e ser o"os & o!ros e(e$e!os, No es e#esar'o 'ser!ar & o"o e!re !o"os (os e(e$e!os4 p&es .s!os se p&e"e '!er#oe#!ar "'re#!a$e!e por $e"'o "e &a &';, E!rar (a Re"/ ? E!rar & E(e$e!o Para '*resar (os e(e$e!os %&e #o0or$a (a re"4 es!os se ((e2a4 $a!e'e"o pres'oa"o e( bo!; "e( Mo&se 8as!a (a pa!a((a "e !rabajo4 &a 2e- e e((a se "esp('e*a e( "'1(o*o "e e!ra"a "e "a!os "e( e(e$e!o @e e( re#&a"ro %&e apare#e es pos'b(e '*resar !o"os (os "a!os #ara#!er)s!'#os "e( e(e$e!o a aa('-ar, ? E!rar & No"o E( pro*ra$a per$'!e e!rar o"os e 0or$a '"epe"'e!e4 !ra3."o(os #o e( $o&se 8as!a (a pa!a((a "e !rabajo, Para & o"o se re%&'ere #o$o $)'$o4 e( 2o(!aje 3 (a 0re#&e#'a o$'a( "e( s's!e$a, ?E!rar &a U'; Ya %&e e( pro*ra$a per$'!e '*resar (os o"os 3 e(e$e!os '"epe"'e!e$e!e4 es!os (&e*o se "eber1 '!er#oe#!ar $e"'a!e &'oes4 (a 0or$a es ((e2a"o #o e( $o&se (as &'oes
e!re e(e$e!os o e!re o"os?e(e$e!os,
? E!rar & Ca$po "e TeJ!o E (a re" se p&e"e '*resar #a$pos "e !eJ!o4 8a#'e"o #('# e e( bo!; "e !eJ!o4 a"e$1s4 "e %&e es!e se p&e"e '*resar e #&a(%&'er p&!o "e (a pa!a((a4 se p&e"e #a$b'ar e( !eJ!o 3 (a 0&e!e4 o (a ap('#a#'; "e #&a"ros 3 #o(ores, ?Probar (a Re" Ua 2e- se 8a3a e!ra"o (a re" #o !o"os (os "a!os "e (os o"os 3 "e (os e(e$e!os4 se "eber1 2er'0'#ar s' !o"os (os e(e$e!os es!1 #oe#!a"os 3 s' !o"os (os "a!os 0&ero e!ra"os #orre#!a$e!e, Por es!a ra-; se "eber1 eje#&!ar & #1(#&(o "e F(&jo "e Car*a "e pr&eba por $e"'o "e (a op#'; "e( $e A1('s's F(&jo "e Car*a ? Ca(#&(ar, Se "ebe poer a!e#'; a #&a(%&'er $esaje "e error e (a Ve!aa "e Mesajes4 3 #orre*'r (a re" 8as!a %&e e( #1(#&(o "e F(&jo "e Car*a 0&#'oe sa!'s0a#!or'a$e!e, E #aso "e %&e se ob!e*a & $esaje "e error para & #'er!o e(e$e!o4 e( ID "e( e(e$e!o ser1 '"'#a"o, a3 &a op#'; e NEPLAN para b&s#ar es!e e(e$e!o "e &a $aera se#'((a/ ? +&s#ar E(e$e!o E( $e #&e!a #o (a op#'; "e E"'!ar4 e e( se e#&e!ra & #r'!er'o "e bs%&e"a ID %&e &a 2e- e(e*'"a es!a op#';4 e( pro*ra$a b&s#ar1 e( e(e$e!o a #orre*'r se:a(1"o(o #o & re#&a"ro #o(or araja4 es!o (o 8ar1 8as!a %&e (a re" 3 por #os'*&'e!e !o"os (os e(e$e!os %&e (a #o0or$a es!e b'e '*resa"a, Paso < Iser!ar E#abe-a"o4 Grabar4 I$pr'$'r4 Sa('r ? Iser!ar E#abe-a"o E e( "'a*ra$a se p&e"e 'ser!ar e#abe-a"os @$e Iser!ar? E#abe-a"o4 &a 2e- %&e es!e pe*a"o sobre e( "'a*ra$a4 se #o(o#a e( o$bre "e( pro3e#!o4 (as "es#r'p#'oes 3 "e$1s 2ar'a!es "e( pro3e#!o #rea"o,
? Grabar Re" La Re" se "ebe *rabar per';"'#a$e!e para pre2e'r (a per"'"a "e "a!os, Geera($e!e4 se 8a#e a( pres'oar e( '#oo G&ar"ar o #o Ar#8'2o?G&ar"ar %&e se e#&e!ra e (a barra "e 8erra$'e!as, ? I$pr'$'r D'a*ra$a S' se "esea '$pr'$'r (a re" o s's!e$a "e po!e#'a %&e se 8a "'se:a"o e e( pro*ra$a4 se se(e##'oa #o0'*&rar p1*'a4 #o9*&rar '$pres'; 3 2's!a pre('$ar para aj&s!ar !o"as (as op#'oes a!es "e '$pr'$'r, Para '$pr'$'r e( "'a*ra$a e &a p1*'a4 a#!'2ar (a op#'; I$pr'$'r oo$ e &a p1*'a, S' es!a 0&#'; o se a#!'2a4 e( "'a*ra$a se '$pr'$e e 2ar'as p1*'as, To"as es!as op#'oes es!1 "'spo'b(es e Ar#8'2o , ? Cerrar
3
Abr'r
Pro3e#!os Los pro3e#!os se p&e"e abr'r 3 #errar s' sa('r "e( pro*ra$a sobre e( #&a( es!a$os !rabaja"o, Se p&e"e abr'r 2ar'os pro3e#!os a( $'s$o !'e$po !o"os se "esp('e*a e e( a"$''s!ra"or "e 2ar'a!es, Paso Uso "e D'a*ra$as4 Capas4 _reas 3 oas ? Uso "e D'a*ra$as E #&a(%&'er pro3e#!o4 (a re" se p&e"e e!rar e "'0ere!es "'a*ra$as, Co (a a3&"a "e es!a 0&#';4 e( &s&ar'o p&e"e por eje$p(o4 e!rar (a re" "e a(!o 2o(!aje e & "'a*ra$a 3 (a "e bajo 2o(!aje e o!ros "'a*ra$as, La re" "e a(!o 2o(!aje po"r)a a"e$1s4 "'2'"'rse e 2ar'os "'a*ra$as, O!ro &so es e( a#er#a$'e!o a( '!er'or "e (as s&bes!a#'oes, E e( "'a*ra$a *eera(4 (a s&bes!a#'; se p&e"e "'b&jar #o$o &a #aja e*ra 3 e o!ro se p&e"e "'b&jar e "e!a((e4 #o !o"os (os "'spos'!'2os "e pro!e##'; 3 s&'#8eo, Se p&e"e reo$brar pro3e#!os @#a$b'ar o$bre a(
pro3e#!o4 "e9'r &e2os "'a*ra$as4 !o"o es!os a !ra2.s "e( a"$''s!ra"or "e "'a*ra$as4 Nep(a #&e!a #o
es!as op#'oes4 a"e$1s per$'!e "e!ro "e (a $'s$a re" '*resar s&b?re"es o s&b? es!a#'oes "e a(!o o bajo 2o(!aje, Es!as op#'oes se rea('-a se(e##'oa"o e( A"$''s!ra"or "e D'a*ra$as %&e se e#&e!ra e (a barra "e 8erra$'e!as, ? E!rar & E(e$e!o $1s "e &a 2e- e & Pro3e#!o Los e(e$e!os se p&e"e represe!ar *r19#a$e!e e e( $'s$o pro3e#!o4 !o"as (as 2e#es %&e se re%&'era, Pr'#'pa($e!e es!o !'ee se!'"o4 #&a"o se "esea 2er e( $'s$o e(e$e!o e "'0ere!es "'a*ra$as, La 0or$a "e rea('-ar es!a op#';4 se se(e##'oa e( e(e$e!o "e (a 0or$a 3a #oo#'"a 3 e (a #aja "e "'1(o*o respe#!'2a se se(e##'oa (a pes!a:a I0or$a#';4 0'a($e!e e(e*'$os e( e(e$e!o %&e se "esea aeJar e e( "'a*ra$a, ?Uso "e *r10'#as
#apas
A #a"a "'a*ra$a4 se (e p&e"e as'*ar #&a(%&'er $ero "e #apas *r10'#as, E( &s&ar'o p&e"e "e#'"'r4 %&e #apas *r10'#as se "esp(e*ar1 s'$&(!1ea$e!e e & "'a*ra$a, La 9*&ra s'*&'e!e $&es!ra e( #o#ep!o "e "'a*ra$as 3 #apas *r10'#as,
F'*&ra 7 As'*a#'; "e #apas *r19#as a "'a*ra$as E #a"a #apa *r10'#a se p&e"e e!rar #&a(%&'er $ero "e e(e$e!os *r19#os4 e(.#!r'#os o o"os4 o '$por!ar $apas "e b'!s, A!es "e 'ser!ar & &e2o e(e$e!o4 se p&e"e se(e##'oar (a #apa *r10'#a a (a %&e es!. "ebe per!ee#er, Las #apas *r10'#as Se p&e"e "esp(e*ar se(e#!'2a$e!e,
