An2018 Gigabit LTE Deployments

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GIGABI GIG ABIT T LTE LTE DEPLOYMENTS:

Setting the stage for 5G By Sean Kinney

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In January 2017, Australian operator Telstra commercially launched a gigabit LTE network that relies on LTE Advanced Pro features to deliver enhanced mobile broadband experiences. To pull this off, Telstra worked with Ericsson on the network infrastructure piece to connect a Netgear mobile router equipped with Qualcomm’s X16 LTE modem. In the 12 months that followed this first launch of gigabit LTE, 44 additional operators in 26 countries--including all four major operators in the United States--have, to varying degrees, begun deploying gigabit LTE. In that same timeframe, OEMs have expanded the ecosystem of gigabit LTE compatible devices to include flagship smartphones like the Sony Xperia XZ Premium, LG V30 and Samsung’s Galaxy S8, S8+ and Note 8. The fast adoption of gigabit LTE across the telecommunications ecosystem warrants an examination of how the technological building blocks of gigabit LTE are

What is gigabit LTE?

The combined features that deliver gigabit LTE were enhanced and adopted by standards-setting body 3GPP in October 2015 with the group’s Release 13. The primary building blocks of gigabit LTE are: • 4X4 multiple-input, multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO), which uses four antenna ports at the transmitter and receiver to multiply the capacity of an RF link. With compatible user equipment, 4X4 MIMO can transmit four simultaneous data streams delivering faster mobile data speeds. • Carrier aggregation effectively effectively joins together non-contiguous bits of radio spectrum, both licensed and unlicensed, into a wider channel. Compatible with both TDD and FDD LTE networks, intra- and inter-band carrier aggregation can combine up to five component component carriers of 20 megahertz channel widths. • 256 quadature amplitude modulation (QAM) manipulates phase and amplitude of wave-

QAM is faster data throughput over a mobile network, but it’s important to note that networks branded as gigabit LTE don’t necessarily provide 1 Gbps speeds. The actual peak speed depends on the configuration of the network. For instance, a network equipped with a dedicated download channel, 4X4 MIMO, 256 QAM and aggregation of a 15 megahertz LTE channel with a 5 megahertz LTE channel would result in a peak theoretical speed of 400 Mbps. A network with a shared download and upload channel, 4X4 MIMO and 256 QAM that aggregates three 20 megahertz LTE channels could hit speeds in the range of 730 Mbps. A network with a dedicated download channel, 4X4 MIMO, 256 QAM, but aggregating four 20 megahertz spectrum channels--one 20 megahertz channel of licensed LTE spectrum and three 20 megahertz channels of unlicensed 5 GHz spectrum--could hit the 1 Gbps mark. Ken Rehbehn, founder and principal analyst of CritComm Insights, said operators are rapidly adopting

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equipment seeps into the market. It comes down to customer experience. With more efficient capabilities handling demanding users that have the devices that support gigabit LTE, operators get increased efficiency. And it frees up head for the other users that are out there.” Rehbehn makes an important point there: Even if a user doesn’t have a high-end device capable of supporting gigabit LTE, the very presence of those devices on a network means spectral and resource usage efficiencies can be passed on to other users. Qualcomm Technologies developed a network visualization tool to demonstrate how Cat 16 devices pass on improved quality of network experience to users without gigabit LTE devices. The below graphic shows a network with a device mixture including Cat 4, Cat 6, Cat 9, Cat 12 and Cat 16 devices. For the purposes of the visualization, the emphasis is on Cat 6 and Cat 16 devices with attendant metrics showing throughput, network resource usage, spectral efficiency

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of 93.38 Mbps. The Cat 16 devices have significantly better spectral and antenna efficiency, while, as compared to the Cat 6 devices, network resource usage that’s fairly similar. In the next graphic, the device mix is changed to 11% Cat 6

devices and 40% Cat 16 devices. With this new baseline, average downlink throughput on the Cat 6 devices jumps to 72.45 Mbps and the same metric hits 107.88 Mbps for the Cat 16 devices. In the era of increasing data consumption,

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MASSIVE IOT

Is Your Mobile Network Ready for the Internet of Things? IoT will enable billions of smart devices to connect to mobile networks. Operators will need to manage multiple types of connections while maintaining the required quality of experience for each. To help you


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network efficiency is key to business success, according to Prayerna Raina and Dimitris Mavrakis of ABI Research. In a piece published by RCR Wireless News, Raina and Mavrakis wrote that, “The increasing mobile broadband data usage in combination with the threat of subscriber churn is driving operators to offer unlimited data, especially in mature telco markets. However, offering unlimited bandwidth comes with its own set of challenges. Trying to meet higher data caps and unlimited

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data is creating traffic congestion on operator networks. While today all major operators in the U.S. offer unlimited data plans, in other regions few operators offer unlimited data, although many are taking steps in this direction by increasing the current data caps. It is, however, gigabit LTE that will enable operators to offer innovative data plans and services with unlimited data or a substantial increase in data cap while also maximizing the efficiency and the performance of their networks.”

Beyond the benefits to operators, a November report produced by Qualcomm Technologies and Signals Research Group highlighted the benefits passed on to end users. For the purposes of understanding consumer benefit, SRG focused primarily on download speeds and video streaming. The comparison is based on a Cat 12 smartphone and the Cat 16 Samsung Galaxy S8. The gigabit LTE device provides a 15% faster download from the Google Play store compared to the Cat 12 device in excellent network

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conditions and a 23% faster download time in poor network conditions. For downloading files from Google Drive, the Cat 16 device performs 20% faster in excellent network conditions and 27% faster in poor network conditions. In the Google Play store download scenario, the Cat 16 device uses 34% fewer network resources in excellent network conditions; in the Google Drive download scenario, the Samsung Galaxy S8 uses 30% fewer network resources. The below table lays out this comparison. As we have established, carrier aggregation is a fundamental enabler of gigabit LTE, albeit one that relies on the availability of spectrum. While licensed spectrum is arguably an operator’s biggest investment considering the billions spent during government-led auctions, the high barrier to entry presents a challenge in terms of number of operators able to deliver gigabit LTE using licensed spectrum as well as providing coverage across a network footprint given the variabili-

contained in Release 13. This technology allows aggregation of licensed LTE spectrum and unlicensed spectrum in the 5 GHz band. The licensed spectrum channel transmits control and signaling data, while the unlicensed channel or channels provide added capacity. In an interview with RCR Wireless News, Sherif Hanna, staff manager of technical marketing, Qualcomm Technologies, said, “The vast majority of operators around the world simply don’t have enough licensed spectrum to get to the actual 1 Gbps speed. In order to make it more viable for more operators around the world, LAA is going to be the lynchpin.” LAA was designed to ensure fair co-existence with Wi-Fi networks sharing the unlicensed 5 GHz band, and includes listen-before-talk, which makes it capable of global deployment. In terms of achieving gigabit speeds, LAA makes the service available to operators limited to 20 megahertz of licensed spectrum. Keith Mallison, founder of analysis and consulting firm WiseHar-

in licensed frequencies when additional spectrum is already owned or can be bought. Additional free spectrum is, therefore a very compelling opportunity. It is particularly attractive for operators to implement LAA because it is relatively cheap to deploy and promises to reduce multi-RAT headaches and the operational costs involved in managing a WiFi hot spot network alongside LTE and all a carrier’s other cellular RATs. The incremental cost in device manufacture is small: Any initial price premium for LAA will be rapidly eroded. For carriers, the carrot for deploying LAA is lots of additional capacity at no spectrum cost. The stick is that other carriers will deploy LAA regardless. In competition, the addition of lots of cheap new capacity on the market is inevitable.” Rehbehn agreed that LAA is “the most cost effective way to add spectrum,” but there are downsides in terms of potential impact to Wi-Fi performance, increasing the overall

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be able to take advantage of the added bandwidth from the unlicensed band,” he said. “But this now becomes a siting issue. How do you get your network equipment in there? This is not like a macro system where there’s a tower down the street just blasting through the building. With LAA is has to be a small cell. It’s going to have to be in the facility and that means the landlord has to agree for it come in. The landlord is probably not going to al low every service provider to slam up access points in their building. So how do these LAA devices get into commercial struct ures where they’ll have the density of subscribers to make it worthwhile?” Qualcomm Technologies Senior Director of Marketing Peter Carson, in November, highlighted the importance of LAA in the context of global expansion of gigabit LTE. “Operators don’t have enough licensed spectrum to get to gigabit,” Carson said. But, with LAA, “Literally 90% of all operators in

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have many fewer [radio frequency] combinations you need if you have 60 or 80 megahertz of unlicensed. I think with the carrier adoption worldwide, LAA is a key ingredient in that.” To better understand that issue, we’ll take stock of how operators are approaching the deployment of gigabit LTE as well as LAA. Operator momentum around gigabit LTE

As noted earlier, more than 40 operators around the world are working to bring commercial gigabit LTE services to subscribers. Following on Telstra’s initial commercial launch in Australia, commercial networks have been activated in Singapore, China and the United States, while varying degrees of testing are underway in many other countries. Let’s take stock of how the major U.S. carriers--Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile US and Sprint--are leveraging the technology set that comprises gigabit LTE. In August 2017, Verizon conducted a “commercial network deploy-

deployment of LAA radios at small cell sites around the country. On the spectrum side, Verizon aggregated three unlicensed 5 GHz channels with one 20 megahertz channel of AWS spectrum. “You’re going to see these pop up all across the country,” VP of Network Support Mike Haberman said at the time, adding that some sites will receive an upgrade not only to LAA but also to 4X4 MIMO. Further building on the network efficiency and user benefits of 4X4 MIMO, Verizon and Ericsson have been trialing massive MIMO, which further multiplies the number of antenna elements on either side of a radio link. In January, Nicola Palmer, Verizon chief network engineer and head of wireless networks, said, “Massive MIMO is a critical component of our 4G LTE advancements and will play an important role in 5G technology that will result in single digit latency and scalability in the billions of connections.” Those tests involved a mobile test device

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debuts at Mobile World Congress. Based on a tally provided by Verizon in November, the carrier has fully deployed carrier aggregation in near 2,000 markets and has 4X4 MIMO and 256 QAM available in more than 560 markets. All three technologies are providing gigabit LTE to users with compatible devices in 560 markets. AT&T launched its gigabit LTE offering, branded as 5G Evolution, in Austin, Texas, in April 2017. Company CEO Randall Stephenson, when the deployment was announced, said Austin-area users with compatible devices had “the potential for 500 or 600 [Mbps].” Since that initial launch, AT&T has made its 5G Evolution service available in 23 metro areas including Atlanta, Boston, New York, Chicago, San Francisco and Houston with plans to grow that footprint to “hundreds of additional metro areas.” At Mobile World Congress Americas in September, AT&T worked with Qualcomm and Ericsson to demonstrate how 4X4 MIMO, 256

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Noting “successful live LAA field trials,” AT&T Vice President, Ran and Device Design, Gordon Mansfield said, “This enhanced connectivity allows us to increase download speeds, expand network capacity and improve spectral efficiency in our network. People are consuming data at a rapidly increasing rate, and LAA will allow our consumers to do things like stream their favorite content on the go and experience virtual reality at faster speeds.” Building on those field trials and the demonstration, in November AT&T began commercial deployment of LAA in select areas of downtown Indianapolis, Indiana. At a joint event hosted by T-Mobile US and Qualcomm, the carrier said in November that it has carrier aggregation, 256 QAM and 4X4 MIMO live in 430 markets, and at least one of the three technologies underpinning gigabit LTE present in an additional 490 markets. The “Un-carrier” also released plans to use LAA small cells to further boost network

with LAA on the horizon.” Mark McDiramid, T-Mobile US vice president of network engineering, explained late last year that the operator would likely reach an installed base of 5,000 small cells by the end of 2017, and has 25,000 additional small cells contracted, “most of which will be done” in 2018, with LAA-compatible small cells turned up in the first quarter of 2018. “These small cells are maybe a few 100 yards to maybe a quarter mile [apart] at most,” McDiramid said. “But when you take 40 [megahertz] of licensed spectrum and 60 [megahertz] of unlicensed spectrum...the capability and the capacity that you put in that small cell is quite dramatic. That’s one of the ways we’re going to deliver gigabit.” In a March 2017 demonstration at Smoothie King stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana, Sprint claimed a domestic first gigabit LTE deployment on a commercial network using the Snapdragon 835 and X16 modem. In December, Sprint Chief Technology Officer John Saw said

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Massive MIMO was a major focus But with massive MIMO simply on on Sprint throughout 2017. The car- just one channel, we were able to rier worked with Samsung to test reach peak speeds of more than 300 the technology in Suwon, South megabits per second and when we Korea, and Sprint said it has been do three carrier aggregation on top able to increase channel capaci- of this massive MIMO antenna we ty by at least 300% and boost cell should be going past the gigabit per edge performance by 200%. Com- second capability.” In an end-of-year blog post, Saw mercial roll outs will of massive MIMO will come in 2018. In June said 2018 would bring “256 QAM Saw said, “The performance that and 4X4 MIMO nationwide for we’re seeing is very encouraging: great spectral efficiency and faster peak speeds of more than 300 Mbps data speeds. These critical ingredi just one 20 megahertz channel. To ents will join three-channel carrier get that sort of performance using aggregation (using 60 megahertz of a more traditional 8 transmit, 8 re- 2.5 GHz), already available today in ceive base station that we have de- more than 100 top markets, to form ployed today, you need to do three the Sprint receipt for gigabit class channel carrier aggregation. But LTE service.” Massive MIMO is posiwith massive MIMO simply on just tioned as “a key enabler for 5G evone channel, were able to reach erywhere and our 2018 deployment peak speeds of 300 Mbps and when will allow us to support both LTE we do three carrier aggregation on and 5G NR modes simultaneously.” top of this massive MIMO antenna we should be going past teh gigabit How network evolution impacts per second capability.” service assurance “The performance that we’re seeThe rapid adoption of gigabit LTE ing is very encouraging: peak speeds on the path to 5G is one of several of more than 300 megabits per sec- mega-trends shaping the way carri-

network solutions, the increasing convergence of wireless and wireline networks, and densification of both indoor and outdoor networks. Given these concurrent evolutions, the role of service assurance--using network data points to make sure subscribers receive the best possible quality of experience while helping operators get the most out of investments--is also evolving. Kashif Hussain, director of marketing for Viavi Solutions, said, “As far as gigabit LTE is concerned, everything has to work together. From an RF perspective, the one thing you really need to make sure of is your RF signal integrity is there.” With 4X4 MIMO, 256 QAM, carrier aggregation and LAA, “Operators have to make sure they’re getting the most out of the investments they are making on these enhanced features.” Reiterating his earlier point, “To do that, RF signal integrity has to be there.” In the move toward software control of networks, NFV and SDN are driving an evolution from physical

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“As far as gigabit LTE is concerned, everything has to work togethe r. From an RF perspective, the one thing you really need to make sure of is your RF signal integrity is there.”

s n o i t u l o S i v a i V : e c r u o S

Kashif Hussain, director of marketing, Viavi Solutions Here we see a spectrum analysis of licensed and unlicensed LTE spectrum.

network, but you have to be able to assure those networks in a similar way. That cycle has already started. With 5G, that will be the first phase where you will see a lot of networks going virtual.” This transition will

networks are being leveraged for everything from long-haul data transport and backhaul to, in the case of distributed antenna systems and small cell clusters built on a centralized-radio access network

of things--there has to be hygiene of the network from an RF standpoint, from a fiber standpoint, from a cable standpoint--it all has to be tested, validated and assured.” From a product standpoint, Viavi

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utilize the strength of your physical instruments that you have, then deploy virtual agents and combine the results of those two and get a more thoughtful outcome.” Going forward, “We are building more and more 5G components into it as the technologies are standardized.” When it comes to the evolution of service assurance, “Automation is the fundamental aspect of it,” Hussain said. “We do not believe customers will have the bandwidth to manage their networks without NITRO. The goal is to reduce downtime, reduce truck rolls, and enable centralized management from the network operations center so it can be easier and cheaper.” UE and network test and measurement

Passing on the benefits of gigabit LTE to end users means new devices have to be certified for use on carriers’ networks and new network infrastructure, LAA small cells for instance, have be deployed and optimized. For the test and measure-

side. “There’s so many different combinations with carrier aggregation,” Tony Opferman, business development manager, mobile wireless, Rohde & Schwarz USA, said. “There is a significant amount of testing that is required to cover all the different combinations. We have done a good job automating those tests. That’s one of the hard requirements,” Tier 1 mobile operators are requiring of test and measurement providers. “There has been a big push in terms of automation of device testing in the labs.” Opferman explained that the need for automation of device testing is two-fold. Operators want to reduce costs associated with test engineers and accelerate time-tomarket for new devices. “That’s a trend we’re seeing among Tier 1 operators. The technologies are getting more and more complex. We’ve been seeing the number of test cases mushrooming over the past few years. That’s one of the big issues we’ve constantly heard from all the operators.”

256 QAM. The Rohde & Schwarz USA solution measures downlink data speeds above 1 Gbps; it also supports testing for other applications including Cat M1, narrowband internet of things and LAA. Beyond the UE, there’s a rapidly increasing number of network infrastructure elements needed to provide the gigabit LTE experience. This includes fiber-, copper- and CPRI-based connections for macro sites, small cells and in-building deployments including DAS and C-RAN small cell clusters, and this paradigm will only be further complicated as 5G networks harnessing millimeter waves come online. “If you look back, a field technician may be tasked with testing 15 or 20 base stations,” Keith Cobler, industry marketing manager, mobile wireless, Rohde & Schwarz USA, said. “Densification with every generation of mobile phones has grown as you move forward. From the carriers there’s absolutely an effort to make the technicians more efficient in the field. We’re trying to

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z r a w h c S & e d h o R : e c r u o S The Rohde & Schwarz CMWexx is used to test gigabit LTE functionality for user equipment.

RF technicians. A lot of operators haven’t bridged that divide. That’s a gap operators are trying to close. To make technicians more effective in the field, you have to have a tool set that’s portable, flexible and capable of doing a lot of different tests.” Rohde & Schwarz uses its Android-based QualiPoc tool to enable field technicians to test voice and data quality, troubleshoot network problems and optimize RF environments. The smartphone-based tool covers multiple protocol layers as

“You have to have some way of measuring the QoE at the point it’s being used and it has to be cost effective,” Cobler said. “Then you have to aggregate all that different information together to get a measure of quality of experience on a certain sector of your network. Opferman added: “From our perspective, LTE is not going away. LTE is going to be there for the next 10plus years. It’s going to be a support mechanism for 5G. Gigabit LTE gets us to start thinking about some of

they are also setting the stage for the commercialization of services based on the recently adopted non-standalone 5G New Radio specification, as well as the standalone 5G NR specification, due out of 3GPP mid-2018. The non-standalone variant uses the LTE core network and parts of the air interface while the standalone variant will use a new core architecture and air interface. But, as with any major network deployment, in its early days 5G will provide limited coverage likely in key areas of major metropolitan cities. So what’s the role of gigabit LTE networks in supporting the rollout of 5G? “Gig LTE is very fundamental to the rollout of 5G because of how spotty the 5G service is going to be,” Rehbehn said. “To have any sort of consistency in the user experience, there’ll have to be a pretty robust gigabit LTE surround, which kind of raises the question for an operator that decides to go to market with a mobile version

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z r a w h c S & e d h o R : e c r u o S The Rohde & Schwarz SmartMonitor solution draws in real-time network quality of service and quality of experience data into a unied dashboard.

gigabit LTE coverage to ensure it’s not a jolt when you go from 5G to LTE as you’re going through their network. It’s going to have to be enough of a surround to give credibility for the basic 5G story.” Matt Branda, director of 5G technical marketing, Qualcomm Technologies, described gigabit LTE as “the anchor of the 5G mobile experience.” Raina and Mavrakis of

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“Gig LTE is very fundamental to the rollout of 5G , because of how spotty the 5G service is going to be. To have any sort of consistency in the user experience, there’ll have to be a pretty robust gigabit LTE

service continuity. For a ubiquitous surround.” high-speed service, gigabit LTE Ken Rehbehn, founder and principal would seem very suitable to proanalyst, CritComm Insights vide a consistent blanket of highspeed connectivity, augmented by ultra-fast 5G connectivity in areas millimeter wave spectrum. Right now operators are primarthat need it.” Gigabit LTE is boosting capacity ily focused on tapping millimeter to meet demand today and setting wave spectrum to deliver fixed the stage for a smooth roll out of wireless services like enhanced 5G that will enable users to have broadband for businesses and mul-

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Be ahead in 5G. Turn visions into reality.

The next major step beyond LTE/LTE-Advanced (4G) sets challenging requirements. Rohde & Schwarz is a world Sheet Music leader in all areas of RF and microwave test and measurement equipment. As a technology expert, we have been actively involved in mobile communications since the frst generation. We are committed to supporting the wireless communications industry with the solutions needed to investigate, develop and standardize 5G. Check out our test solutions at www.rohde-schwarz.com/ad/5G

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Waco, Texas, for instance, AT&T is using the 28 GHz band to trial 5G-backed Wi-Fi to small- and medium-sized business, as well as residential users, in support of use cases including enhanced broadband, VPN connections, 4K video streaming, VoIP and delivery of DirecTV. In 2017 Verizon tested 5G fixed wireless access in 11 U.S. markets, which the company said included “several hundred cell sites that cover several thousand customer locations.” In November last year, Verizon announced it would use that technology to deliver residential broadband services in three to five markets during the second half of this year beginning in Sacramento, Calif. In terms of use cases, Verizon specifically called out

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enhanced broadband, mobile and the internet of things, along with applications including 3D video and virtual reality. According to the carrier, “The market opportunity for initial 5G broadband services [is] approximately 30 million households nationwide.” But, while the attention around millimeter wave is currently on fixed wireless, millimeter wave will go mobile. Dynamics around capacity demand and spectrum limitations make it an imperative. Ian Gresham, technology fellow at Anokiwave, described the paradigm. “In parallel with the continued evolution and development of LTE and the sub-6 GHz platforms, there’s this parallel activity to harness wider channel bandwidths at

higher frequencies. That’s driven by the exponentially increasing demand for data that we’re seeing and obviously the increasingly saturated spectrum availability in the existing bands despite the hugely impressive results that we’ve already seen.” Referencing the above graphic, Gresham explained: “The horizontal axis represents the frequency spectrum from approximately 1 to 90 GHz on a relative scale. The orange...bars on the middle and right of the top figure show the approximately 11 gigahertz of new spectrum released by the FCC for both licensed and unlicensed use. Although the precise frequency allocations vary across the globe, there’s similar initiatives in Europe

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Jabo LTE Network


FEATURE REPORT

“Although millimeter wave active antennas are a new feature and requirement for telecommunications applications, at Anokiwave we believe that the development of these products for 5G is really just a process of industrialization, not one of invention.”

Ian Gresham, technology fellow, Anokiwave

and Asia as well. The picket fence of blue lines on the left shows the fragmented...spectrum that’s available below 6 GHz. The avail-

a decade, Gresham said, which has resulted in millions of dollars in investments that have driven down the cost of attendant electronics and deployments. Gresham continued: “Proximity, and in many cases overlapping of these spectral regions, make it obvious that the same technical problems, and therefore very similar technological solutions, apply for both requirements. What this means is that we’ve experienced the same design and manufacturing philosophy as well as the base technologies that we’ve been developing for aerospace and defense and satcom can be leveraged and used across the different market segments especially for now 5G telecommunications. That enables a high degree of reuse and that’s also enabled a platform-type approach to accelerate the development of active antennas.” Anokiwave is a fabless semiconductor firm that provides integrated silicon core IC solutions and silicon front ends for millimeter

brings a change in the radio architecture for active antenna hardware for the physical layer of the air interface, Gresham said, calling it the “principal challenge” for the use of millimeter wave in telecommunications. “Why are millimeter wave active antennas critical for 5G?” Gresham asked. “The most important consideration is the high path loss at millimeter wave, which is somewhere around 62 dB per meter at 28 GHz for line-ofsight propagation. That means the development of a robust link seems extremely challenging. The reciprocal benefit is the short wavelength, which is about 5.6 millimeters at 28 GHz, means you can develop a large effective aperture in a very small area. That means you can generate extremely high radiated power through construction in the far field. Conversely at the receiver the radio sensitivity can also be scaled by increasing aperture size. Because the antennas are active, you can change the direction of the beam very dynamically to serve

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FEATURE REPORT

s e i g o l o n h c e T m m o c l a u Q : e c r u o S Qualcomm developed a prototype millimeter wave system, in a smartphone form factor, that supports frequency bands above 24 GHz

of radiating elements which can be used to provide the MIMO functionality...which is also applicable for increasing data throughput and providing some link robustness.” But there are problems to be solved, Gresham said, “especially around the issues of user mobility. How do you implement this functionality

Jabo LTE Network

design for millimeter wave that’s meant to show smartphone OEMs the path toward delivering mobile millimeter wave in a handset. Branda, Qualcomm’s director of technical marketing for 5G, said, “I think, from the get go, Qualcomm has been focused on mobilizing millimeter wave. The challenges from

something that’s power-, cost- and form factor-optimized. I think what you’ll see with 5G...is that the technology enables both this fast beam switching and steering to maintain that mobile link and then advanced antenna technologies that we’re integrating into the device allow the device to connect to those beams without driving up the cost and power and size of these form factors to a point where it’s not mobile anymore. We’ve seen very promising results in both being able to maintain and sustain broadband communications in both indoor and outdoor mobile environments.” Conclusion

Gigabit LTE highlights the evolutionary aspect of Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks, and will serve as an anchor for early 5G deployments, which will rapidly shift from a fixed wireless use case to a mobility use case. While there are many challenges yet to be solved, the telecommunications industry as a whole is working in earnest to

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Viavi

With the deep expertise necessary to deliver unparalleled physical and virtual network intelligence, VIAVI Solutions helps service providers and their ecosystems deploy, maintain, optimize, and evolve complex wireless networks..

Rohde & Schwarz

Rohde & Schwarz supplies test and measurement solutions for all wireless communications technologies such as LTE, LTE-Advanced, WCDMA, HSPA, GSM, CDMA2000®, WLAN, Bluetooth® and 5G. Our products help all market players – chip designers, consumer equipment and infrastructure suppliers, network operators, test houses – introduce innovations efficiently and economically. For more info, visit www.rohde-schwarz.com.

Anokiwave

Pioneering th e mmW revolution, we are a f abless semiconductor company providing highly integrated silicon IC solutions f or mmW 5G, RADAR, and SATCOM markets. As the mmW Active Array IC Solutions market leader, our customers get the fastesttime- to-market with expert systems engineer ing and optimal technology solutions. http://www.anokiwave.com/5g/.

NB+C

Founded in 1984, NB+C is a l eading wireless site development firm comprised of three divisions: Site Development, Engineering Servi ces and Construction + Technical Services. We are staffed with over 400 professionals who are totally committed to client service and project results. For more info, visit www.networkbuilding.com.

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