Alliance of Govt Workers v. Minister of Labor and Employment

ALLIANCE OF GOV’T WORKERS v. MINISTER OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT Gutierrez Jr. J. TOPIC!S" SCOPE OF T#E CIVIL SERVICE

1. CO CONS NSTI TITU TUTI TION ONAL AL LAW; LAW; CIVI CIVIL L SER SERVICE VICE CO COMM MMISS ISSIO ION; N; GOVE GOVERN RNME MENT NT-OW -OWNE NED D OR CONTROLLED CORPORATIONS CORPORATIONS NOW INCLUDED IN THE CIVIL SERVICE; SERVICE; PURPOSE. — Under the pree preent nt C!nt" C!nt"t#t t#t"!n "!n$$ %!&er %!&ern'e n'ent-! nt-!(ne (ned d !r )!ntr! )!ntr!**e **ed d )!rp!r )!rp!r+t" +t"!n !n +re +re pe)", pe)",)+* )+** * 'ent"!ned 'ent"!ned + e'r+)ed e'r+)ed  the )"&"* er&")e er&")e /Se)t"!n 1$ Art")*e Art")*e 0II-$ 0II-$ C!nt"t#t C!nt"t#t"!n2. "!n2. The "n)*#"!n !3 the )*+#e 4"n)*#d"n% e&er %!&ern'ent-!(ned !r )!ntr!**ed )!rp!r+t"!n4 "n the 1567 +'end'ent t! the C!nt"t#t"!n (+ C!nt"t#t"!n  (+ + de*"er+te +'end'ent 3!r +n e8pre p#rp!e.  There '+ e th!e (h! d"+%ree ("th the "ntent !3 the 3+r'er !3 the +'end'ent +'end'ent #t e)+#e "t " 3#nd+'ent+* *+($ (e +re +** h!#nd  "t. The +'end'ent (+ "ntended t! )!rre)t )!rre)t the "t#+t"!n "t#+t"!n (here (here '!re 3+&!red 3+&!red e'p*!ee e'p*!ee  !3 the %!&ern'e %!&ern'ent nt )!#*d en9! en9! the ene,t !3 t(! (!r*d. The (ere pr!teted  the *+( %!&ern"n% %!&ern'ent e'p*!'ent.  The )!#*d +*! en%+%e "n )!**e)t"&e +r%+"n"n% +nd 9!"n "n tr":e t! e)#re h"%her (+%e +nd 3r"n%e ene,t (h")h e#+** h+rd(!r:"n% e'p*!ee en%+%e "n %!&ern'ent 3#n)t"!n )!#*d !n* en& #t n!t en9!. It (!#*d n!t e 3+"r t! +**!( the' t! en%+%e "n )!n)erted +)t"&"t"e t! (r"n% h"%her +*+r"e !r 3r"n%e ene,t 3r!' G!&ern'ent e&en + !ther )"&"* er&")e er&")e per!nne* per!nne* #)h + the h#ndred h#ndred !3 th!#+nd th!#+nd !3 p#*") p#*") )h!!* )h!!* te+)her. te+)her. !*d"er$ !*d"er$ p!*")e'en$ he+*th per!nne*$ +nd !ther %!&ern'ent (!r:er +re den"ed the r"%ht t! en%+%e "'"*+r +)t"&"t"e. <. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW; ACCOUNTAILIT= O> PULIC O>>ICE O>>ICERS; RS; GOVERN GOVERNMEN MENT T WOR?ERS WOR?ERS HAVE HAVE NO RIGHT$ RIGHT$ TO STRI?E STRI?E NOR TO TA?E A MASS MASS LEAVE UNDER THE UNDER THE CONSTITUTION CONSTITUTION..  — I3$ + " )!rre)t* p!"nted !#t "n the !p"n"!n !3 @#t")e G#t"erre$ @r.$ the )!pe !3 %!&ern'ent 3#n)t"!n h+ e8p+nded ("th the e'ph+" !n the t+te e"n% + (e*3+re !r + er&")e +%en). pet"t"!ner *+!r #n"!n$ "n!3+r + the (!#*d +ert r"%ht !rd"n+r"* en9!ed  (!r:er "n pr"&+te ,r'. )+nn!t e #t+"ned. It ee' )*e+r t! 'e th+t #nder the C!nt"t#t"!n there C!nt"t#t"!n  there )+n e n! r"%ht t! tr":e  the' n!r t! t+:e + '+ *e+&e (h")h " + (+ !3 d!"n% "nd"re)t* (h+t " n!t *e%+** +**!(+*e. 7. ID.; CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION; GOVERNMENT PERSONNEL CAN PETITION PETITION GOVERNME GOVERNMENT NT >OR REDRESS REDRESS O> GRIEVANCE GRIEVANCES. S. — Th" +ppr!+)h +ppr!+)h t! ' '"nd " re"n3!r)ed  th" !ther )!nt"t#t"!n+* pr!&""!n; 4The C"&"* Ser&")e e'r+)e e&er r+n)h$ +%en). +%en). #d"&""!n. +nd "ntr#'ent+*"t !3 the G!&ern'ent$ "n)*#d"n% e&er %!&ern'ent!(ned !r$ )!ntr!**ed )!rp!r+t"!n.4 Th+t '+:e "t e&"dent th+t the per!nne* !3 the %!&ern'ent. "n)*#d"n% th!e e'p*!ed "n %!&ern'ent-!(ned !r )!ntr!**ed )!rp!r )!rp!r+t" +t"!n !n$$ )+n pet"t" pet"t"!n !n 3!r redr redre e !3 %r"e&+ %r"e&+n)e n)e  !r ee: ee: the "'pr!& "'pr!&e'e e'ent nt !3 the"r the"r (!r:"n% )!nd"t"!n +nd "n)re+e the"r (+%e. B. ID.; ID.; TERMS AND CONDITIONS O> GOVERNMENT EMPLO=MENT AND THOSE IN PRIVATE SECTO ECTOR$ R$ DISTI ISTING NGUI UIS SHED. HED. — T! repe+ epe+t$ t$ th!# th!#%h %h$$ ther here )+n e n! re*"+n *"+n) )e !n )!n)erted *+!r +)t"&"t"e !3 e'p*!ee "n pr"&+te ,r'. The !p"n"!n !3 the C!#rt pe+: ("th )*+r"t )*+r"t.. Th# 4S"n)e 4S"n)e the ter' ter' +nd )!nd"t"!n )!nd"t"!n  !3 %!&ern'en %!&ern'entt e'p*!'en e'p*!'entt +re ,8ed ,8ed  *+($ %!&ern'ent (!r:er )+nn!t #e the +'e (e+p!n e'p*!ed  (!r:er "n the pr"&+te e)t!r t! e)#re )!n)e"!n 3r!' the"r e'p*!er. The pr"n)"p*e eh"nd *+!r #n"!n"' "n pr"&+te pr"&+te "nd#tr "nd#tr " th+t "nd#tr"+* "nd#tr"+* pe+)e pe+)e )+nn!t )+nn!t he e)#red e)#red thr!#%h )!'p#*"!n )!'p#*"!n  *+(. *+(. Re*+t"!n et(een pr"&+te e'p*!er +nd the"r e'p*!er ret !n +n eent"+** &!*#nt+r +". +". S#9e) S#9e)tt t! the '"n"'# '"n"'#' ' re#" re#"re re'en 'ent t !3 (+%e (+%e *+( *+( +nd !ther !ther *+!r *+!r +nd (e*3+r (e*3+re e *e%"*+t" *e%"*+t"!n. !n. the ter' ter' +nd )!nd"t"!n )!nd"t"!n !3 e'p*!'en e'p*!'entt "n the #n"!n"ed #n"!n"ed pr"&+te pr"&+te e)t!r e)t!r +re ett*ed thr!#%h the pr!)e !3 )!**e)t"&e +r%+"n"n%.4

. ID.; ID.; WHO >I0ES TERMS AND CONDITIONS O> GOVERNMENT EMPLO=MENT; HOW E>>ECTED. — The d"t"n)t"!n "n the "t#+t"!n !3 %!&ern'ent e'p*!ee +nd th!e e'p*!ed "n pr"&+te ,r' " e'ph+"ed "n th" '+nner 4In %!&ern'ent e'p*!'ent$ h!(e&er$ "t " the *e%"*+t#re +nd$ (here pr!per* %"&en de*e%+ted p!(er$ the +d'"n"tr+t"&e he+d !3 %!&ern'ent (h")h ,8 the ter' +nd )!nd"t"!n !3 e'p*!'ent. And th" " ee)ted thr!#%h t+t#te !r +d'"n"tr+t"&e )"r)#*+r$ r#*e$ +nd re%#*+t"!n$ n!t thr!#%h )!**e)t"&e +r%+"n"n% +%ree'ent.4

FACT!S"

Pet"t"!ner A**"+n)e !3 G!&ern'ent W!r:er /AGW2 " + re%"tered *+!r 3eder+t"!n (h"*e the !ther pet"t"!ner +re "t +F*"+te #n"!n ("th 'e'er 3r!' +'!n% the e'p*!ee !3 the 3!**!("n% !F)e$ )h!!*$ !r %!&ern'ent !(ned !r )!ntr!**ed )!rp!r+t"!n. A))!rd"n% t! the'$ PD 1 re#"re all employers t! p+ the 17th-'!nth p+ t! the"r e'p*!ee ("th !ne !*e e8)ept"!n 3!#nd "n Se)t"!n < (h")h t+te th+t 4/E2'p*!er +*re+d p+"n% the"r e'p*!ee + 17th '!nth p+ !r "t e#"&+*ent +re n!t )!&ered  th" De)ree.4  The pet"t"!ner )!ntend th+t Se)t"!n 7 !3 the R#*e +nd Re%#*+t"!n I'p*e'ent"n% PD 1 "n)*#ded !ther tpe !3 e'p*!er n!t e8e'pted  the de)ree. The t+te th+t n!(here "n the de)ree " the e)ret+r$ n!( M"n"ter !3 L+!r +nd E'p*!'ent$ +#th!r"ed t! e8e'pt !ther tpe !3 e'p*!er 3r!' the re#"re'ent. Se)t"!n 7 !3 the R#*e +nd Re%#*+t"!n I'p*e'ent"n% PD 1 pr!&"de 4Se)t"!n 7. Employers covered. — The De)ree h+** +pp* t! +** e'p*!er e8)ept t! 2 The G!&ern'ent +nd +n !3 "t p!*"t")+* #d"&""!n$ "n)*#d"n% %!&ern'ent-!(ned +nd )!ntr!**ed )!rp!r+t"!n$ e8)ept th!e )!rp!r+t"!n !per+t"n% eent"+** + pr"&+te #"d"+r"e !3 the G!&ern'ent;  The pet"t"!ner ++"* th" r#*e + #*tr+ &"re +nd &!"d. C"t"n% e&er+* )+e$ pet"t"!ner +r%#e th+t re%#*+t"!n +d!pted #nder *e%"*+t"&e +#th!r"t '#t e "n h+r'!n ("th the pr!&""!n !3 the *+( +nd 3!r the !*e p#rp!e !3 )+rr"n% "nt! ee)t "t %ener+* pr!&""!n. The t+te th+t + *e%"*+t"&e +)t )+nn!t e +'ended  + r#*e +nd +n +d'"n"tr+t"&e !F)er )+nn!t )h+n%e the *+(. Se)t"!n 7 " )h+**en%ed + + #t+nt"+* '!d",)+t"!n  r#*e !3 + Pre"dent"+* De)ree +nd +n #n*+(3#* e8er)"e !3 *e%"*+t"&e p!(er. ISS$E!S"

Whether the r+n)he$ +%en)"e$ #d"&""!n$ +nd "ntr#'ent+*"t"e !3 the G!&ern'ent$ "n)*#d"n% %!&ern'ent !(ned !r )!ntr!**ed )!rp!r+t"!n "n)*#ded +'!n% the 4e'p*!er4 #nder PD 1 (h")h +re re#"red t! p+ +** the"r e'p*!ee re)e"&"n% + +") +*+r !3 n!t '!re th+n P1$. + '!nth$ + th"rteenth /17th2 '!nth p+ n!t *+ter th+n De)e'er
NO. THE= ARE NOT INCLUDED ECAUSE THE= ARE GOVJT EMPLO=EES EMRACED =  THE CIVIL SERVICE.  The %ener+* r#*e "n the p+t +nd #p t! the preent " th+t 4the ter' +nd )!nd"t"!n !3 e'p*!'ent "n the G!&ern'ent$ "n)*#d"n% +n p!*"t")+* #d"&""!n !r "ntr#'ent+*"t there!3 +re %!&erned  *+(4 /Se)t"!n 11$ the Ind#tr"+* Pe+)e A)t$ R.A. N!. 6$ + +'ended +nd Art")*e <66$ the L+!rC!de$ P.D. N!. BB<$   + +'ended2. S"n)e the ter' +nd )!nd"t"!n !3 %!&ern'ent e'p*!'ent are fxed by   law, %!&ern'ent (!r:er )+nn!t #e the +'e (e+p!n e'p*!ed  (!r:er "n the pr"&+te e)t!r t! e)#re )!n)e"!n 3r!' the"r e'p*!er. The pr"n)"p*e eh"nd *+!r #n"!n"' "n pr"&+te "nd#tr " th+t "nd#tr"+* pe+)e )+nn!t e e)#red thr!#%h )!'p#*"!n  *+(. Re*+t"!n et(een pr"&+te e'p*!er +nd the"r e'p*!ee ret !n +n eent"+** &!*#nt+r +". S#9e)t t! the '"n"'#' re#"re'ent !3 (+%e *+( +nd !ther *+!r +nd (e*3+re *e%"*+t"!n$ the ter' +nd )!nd"t"!n !3 e'p*!'ent "n the #n"!n"ed pr"&+te e)t!r +re ett*ed thr!#%h the pr!)e !3 )!**e)t"&e +r%+"n"n%. In %!&ern'ent e'p*!'ent$ h!(e&er$ "t " the *e%"*+t#re +nd$ (here pr!per* %"&en de*e%+ted p!(er$ the +d'"n"tr+t"&e he+d !3 %!&ern'ent (h")h ,8 the ter' +nd )!nd"t"!n !3 e'p*!'ent. And th" " ee)ted thr!#%h t+t#te !r +d'"n"tr+t"&e )"r)#*+r$ r#*e$ +nd re%#*+t"!n$ n!t thr!#%h )!**e)t"&e +r%+"n"n% +%ree'ent. Under the preent C!nt"t#t"!n$ %!&ern'ent-!(ned !r )!ntr!**ed )!rp!r+t"!n +re pe)",)+** 'ent"!ned + e'r+)ed  the )"&"* er&")e. /Se)t"!n 1$ Art")*e 0II-$ C!nt"t#t"!n2. The "n)*#"!n !3 the )*+#e 4"n)*#d"n% e&er %!&ern'ent-!(ned !r )!ntr!**ed )!rp!r+t"!n4 "n the 1567 +'end'ent t! the C!nt"t#t"!n (+ + de*"er+te +'end'ent 3!r +n e8pre p#rp!e. There '+ e th!e (h! d"+%ree ("th the "ntent !3 the 3r+'er !3 the +'end'ent #t e)+#e "t " 3#nd+'ent+* *+($ (e +re +** !#nd  "t. The +'end'ent (+ "ntended t! )!rre)t the "t#+t"!n (here '!re 3+&!red e'p*!ee !3 the%!&ern'ent )!#*d en9! the ene,t !3 t(! (!r*d. The (ere pr!te)ted  the *+( %!&ern"n% %!&ern'ent e'p*!'ent. The )!#*d +*! en%+%e "n )!**e)t"&e +r%+"n"n% +nd  9!"n "n tr":e t! e)#re h"%her (+%e +nd 3r"n%e ene,t (h")h e#+** h+rd(!r:"n% e'p*!ee en%+%ed "n %!&ern'ent3#n)t"!n )!#*d !n* en& #t n!t en9!. Pre"dent"+* De)ree N!. 6$   the C"&"* Ser&")e De)ree !3 the Ph"*"pp"ne h+ "'p*e'ented the 1567 C!nt"t#t"!n+* +'end'ent. It " )+te%!r")+* +!#t the "n)*#"!n !3 per!nne* !3 %!&ern'ent-!(ned !r )!ntr!**ed )!rp!r+t"!n "n the )"&"* er&")e +nd the"r e"n% #9e)t t! )"&"* er&")e re#"re'ent )drep SECTION K. Government-owned or Controlled Corporations Personnel . — A** per'+nent per!nne* !3 %!&ern'ent !(ned !r )!ntr!**ed )!rp!r+t"!n (h!e p!"t"!n +re n!( e'r+)ed "n the )"&"* er&")e h+** )!nt"n#e "n the er&")e #nt"* the h+&e een %"&en + )h+n)e t! #+*"3 "n +n +ppr!pr"+te e8+'"n+t"!n$ #t "n the 'e+nt"'e$ th!e (h! d! n!t p!e the +ppr!pr"+te )"&"* er&")e e*"%""*"t h+** n!t e pr!'!ted #nt"* the #+*"3 "n +n +ppr!pr"+te )"&"* er&")e e8+'"n+t"!n. Ser&")e !3 te'p!r+r per!nne* '+ e ter'"n+ted +n t"'e. Per!nne* !3 %!&ern'ent-!(ned !r )!ntr!**ed )!rp!r+t"!n +re n!( p+rt !3 the )"&"* er&")e. It (!#*d n!t e 3+"r t! +**!( the' t! en%+%e "n )!n)erted +)t"&"t"e t! (r"n% h"%her +*+r"e !r 3r"n%e ene,t 3r!' G!&ern'ent e&en + !ther )"&"* er&")e per!nne* #)h + the h#ndred !3 th!#+nd !3 p#*") )h!!* te+)her$ !*d"er$ p!*")e'en$ he+*th per!nne*$ +nd !ther %!&ern'ent (!r:er +re den"ed the r"%ht t! en%+%e "n "'"*+r +)t"&"t"e.

 T! + th+t the (!rd 4+** e'p*!er4 "n P.D. N!. 1 "n)*#de the G!&ern'ent +nd +** "t +%en)"e$ "ntr#'ent+*"t"e$ +nd %!&ern'ent-!(ned !r )!ntr!**ed )!rp!r+t"!n (!#*d +*! re#*t "n n"%ht'+r"h #d%et+r pr!*e'.