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All Exam Guru - Exam Material for all Exams: General Knowledge

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http://allexamguru.blogspot.in/search/label/General Knowledge

UP General Knowledge Questions (Hindi) Governor: Banwari Lal Joshi Chief Minister: Akhilesh Yadav Capital: Lucknow Area : 2,40,928 Square km. Population (As per census 2011 Provisional data) : 19,95,81,477 (a) Males (As per census 2011 ) : 10,45,96, 415 b) Females (As per census 2011 ) : 94, 985,062 Legislature: Bicameral Members of Lok Sabha : 80 Members of Rajya Sabha : 30 Members of U.P. Legislative Assembly : 404 Members of U.P. Legislative Council : 100 Judicature: Allahabad High Court Languages: Hindi Population density: 689/sq km Districts : 75 Cities & Towns : 689 Development blocks : 820 Nagar Nigams : 12 Main crops: Sugarcane, wheat, rice, gram, barley, cotton, tea, oilseeds, antibiotic plants Rivers: Ganga, Yamuna, Gandak, Gomti, Sarayu, Ramganga, Ghaghara Minerals: Limestone, dolomite Industries: Sugar, handlooms, woolen, textiles Airports: Lucknow, Kanpur, Varanasi, Allahabad, Agra, Jhansi, Gorakhpur, Lalitpur

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Uttar Pradesh GK Hindi PDF Download [ Read More... ] Labels: General Knowledge

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Great Speech of John Paul II

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Great Speech

Pope John Paul II visited India in February 1986. His first engagement was at Rajghat where he laid a wreath at the Samadhi of Mahatma Gandhi. Then he delivered the following speech. My visit to India is a pilgrimage of good will and peace, and the fulfilment of a desire to experience personally the very soul of your country.

At Rajghat —John Paul II It is entirely fitting that this pilgrimage should begin here, at Rajghat, dedicated to the memory of the illustrious Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of the Nation and ‘apostle of non-violence”. The figure of Mahatma Gandhi and the meaning of his life’s work have penetrated the consciousness of humanity. In his famous words, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru has expressed the conviction of the whole world : “The light that shone in this country was no ordinary light.” Two days ago marked the thirty-eighth anniversary of his death. He who lived by non-violence appeared to be defeated by violence. For a brief moment the light seemed to have gone out. Yet his teachings and the example of his life live on in the minds and hearts of millions of men and women. And so it was said : “The light has gone out of our lives and there is darkness everywhere and I do not quite know what to tell you and how to say it …… The light has gone out, I said, and yet I was wrong. For the light that shone in this country was no ordinary light. The light that has illumined this country

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And so it was said : “The light has gone out of our lives and there is darkness everywhere and I do not quite know what to tell you and how to say it …… The light has gone out, I said, and yet I was wrong. For the light that shone in this country was no ordinary light. The light that has illumined this country for these many years will illumine this country for many more years ……” Yes, the light is still shining, and the heritage of Mahatma Gandhi speaks to us still. And today as a pilgrim of peace I have come here to pay homage to Mahatma Gandhi, hero of humanity. [ Read More... ] Labels: General Knowledge

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Indian Railway at a Glance

Golden Journey of Indian Railway – At a Glance 1831-33 : A thought to create railway development for the transportation between Madras and Bangalore cropped up. 1844 : R. S. Stephenson thought of creating East India Railway. 1845-46 : Survey work for new rail line for Calcutta–Delhi. 1848-49 : Construction of Howrah and Raniganj rail line. 1850 : Construction of Indian Peninsular Railway company for rail line between Bombay thane and Calcutta–Mirzapur rail line began. 1853 : Inauguration of Indian Railway on 16 April, 1853 by running train between Boribundar (Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus) and Thane. 1854 : 24 miles railway line EIR, between Howrah Hoogely opened on 15 August. 1856 : Madras Railway company opened Madras Arkonam for passenger transportation. 1857 : Northern Railway began its first train between Allahabad and Kanpur on March. 1860 : Morse Telegraph Telecommunication started by Indian Railway. 1860-68 : Immediate Guarantee System began East Indian Railway Great India Peninsula Bombay Baroda and Central India Railway and Madras states Railway participated in it. [ Read More... ] Labels: General Knowledge

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Labels: General Knowledge


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Names of Trains in India

Various Trains in India Passenger Train – A train that stops at every station. Express Train – A train that stops at selected stations and is comparatively faster than passenger train. Supper Fast Train – A train, with a speed more than 100 km/NR. Goods Train – A train that carries goods from one place to another. Its compartments are called wagon. Bullet Train – A very fast train that runs on magnetic field. Up Train – A train that originates from head quarter. Down Train – A train that returns to head quarter. Palace on Wheels – A completely air conditioned tourist train with various facilities. [ Read More... ] Labels: General Knowledge

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Facts About India

Facts About India 1. India is the seventh largest country in the world in terms of area. 2. Indian mainland extends between latitudes 8 degree 4' and 37 degree 6' north, longitudes 68 degree 7' and 97 degree 25' east and measures about 3,214 km from north to south between the extreme latitudes and about 2,933 km from east to west between the extreme longitudes. 3. India has land frontier of about 15,200 km. The total length of the coastline of the mainland, Lakshadweep Islands and Andaman and Nicobar Islands is 7,516.6 km. 4. Countries having common border with India are: Afghanistan, Pakistan, China, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar and Bangladesh. Sri Lanka is separated from India by a narrow channel of sea formed by the Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar. 5. Aravalli, Vindhya, Satpura, Maikala and Ajanta are prominent hill ranges that lie between the Peninsular India and the plains of Ganga. 6. The Eastern and Western Ghats meet at the southern part of the Indian Peninsula which is formed by the Nilgiri Hills. . 7. Ghagra, Gomti, Gandak, Kosi and Yamuna are the major Himalayan rivers that join the Ganga. Chambal, Betwa and Sone are major rivers flowing north from central India that join Yamuna/Ganga. 8. After Ganga, Godavari has the second largest basin covering 10 per cent of the area of India. Next to it is Krishna, followed by the Mahanadi basin. 9. The climate of India can be described as Tropical monsoon type.

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9. The climate of India can be described as Tropical monsoon type. 10. India is in tenth position in the world and fourth in Asia in plant diversity. 11. Botanical Survey of India, (BSI), Kolkata is the nodal agency that is studying the flora of the country. BSI brings out an inventory of the endangered plants in the form of a publication titled "Red Data Book". 12. The Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), Kolkata and its 16 regional stations are responsible for surveying the faunal resources of India. 13. India has a great variety of fauna, numbering 89,451 species. 14. The design of the National Flag was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on July 22,1947. 15. The State emblem of India is an adaptation from the Sarnath Lion Capitol of Ashoka. Carved out of a single block of polished sandstone, the Capitol is crowned by the Wheel of the Law (Dizaram Chakra). There are four lions, standing back to back, mounted on an abacus with a frieze carrying sculptures in high relief of an elephant, a galloping horse, a bull and a lion, separated by intervening wheels over a bell-shaped lotus. 16. In the State emblem, adopted on January 26,1950, only three lions are visible. The bell-shaped lotus has been omitted. The words, Satyameva Jayate, from Mundaka Upanishad, meaning 'truth alone triumphs', are inscribed below the abacus in Devanagiri script. 17. The song Jana-gana-mana, composed by Rabindranath Tagore, was adopted in its Hindi version by the Constituent Assembly, as the National Anthem of India, on January 24, 1950. It was first sung on December 27, 1911, at the Calcutta session of Indian National Congress. The complete song consists of five stanzas. The first stanza contains the full version of the National Anthem. 18. The national calendar of India is based on the Saka Era, with Chaitra as its first month. A normal year of 365 days was adopted from March 22, 1957, along with the Gregorian Calendar for the following purposes: (1) Gazette of India; (2) news broadcast by All India Radio; (3) calendars issued by Government of India; and (4) Government communications addressed to the members of the public. 19. Agriculture sector of India contributes 25 per cent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and about 70 per cent of the population is dependent on it. 20. There are three main crop seasons in India, namely, kharif, rabi and summer.' 21. Major kharif crops are: rice, jowar, bajra, maize, cotton, sugarcane, soyabean, and groundnut. 22. Major rabi crops are: wheat, barley, gram, linseed, rapeseed, and mustard. Rice, maize and groundnut are grown in summer season also. 23. In Indian agriculture, oilseeds are next to food grains in area coverage, production and value. India is,one of the largest oilseeds growing countries, contributing about 15 per cent to the acreage under

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23. In Indian agriculture, oilseeds are next to food grains in area coverage, production and value. India is,one of the largest oilseeds growing countries, contributing about 15 per cent to the acreage under oilseeds in the world. 24. The Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, set up a Technology Mission on Oilseeds in May 1986 with the objective to increase the production of oilseeds, reduce the import of edible oils and to achieve self-sufficiency in edible oils. 25. India is the third largest producer and consumer of fertilizers in the world, after China and USA. It contributes to 9.5 per cent of world production and 10.6 per cent of world consumption of NPK nutrients, but sustains one-sixth of the world population. 26. The National Biofertiliser Development Centre is located at Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh. Its six regional centres are located at .labalpur, Nagpur, Bangalore, Bhubaneshwar, Hissar and Imphal. 27. The Central Fertiliser Quality Control and Training Institute is located in Faridabad, Haryana. Its three regional centres are located at Mumbai, Chennai and Kalyani. 28. India accounts for about 10 per cent of the production of fruits in the world. 29. Mango is the most important fruit produced in India, covering about 39 per cent of the total area used for fruit production and accounting for 23 per cent of total fruit production of India. 30. India occupies first position in the total production of banana in the world. 31. India is next only to China in the area and production of vegetables. India contributes about 13 per cent of the world vegetable production and occupies first position in production of cauliflowers, second in onion and third in cabbage in the world. 32. India is the largest producer, processor, consumer and exporter of cashew nut in the world. India produces 45 per cent of the global production of cashew. 33. The Centrally-sponsored scheme of soil conservation in the catchments of River Valley Project (RVP) was started in the third Five-year Plan. Another scheme of FloodProne Rivers (FPR) was started in the sixth Plan. Both the schemes were clubbed during the ninth Plan and further subsumed under Macro Management Mode in November 2000. 34. The Locust Warning Organisation (LWO) is located in Jodhpur. 35. Seed sector in India consists of two national level corporations: National Seed Corporation (NSC) and State Farm Corporation of India (SFCI). The Seeds Act, 1966 provides for the legislative framework for regulation of quality of seeds sold in India. 36. The Department of Agriculture and Cooperation (DAC) launched a Central Sector Scheme during the ninth Plan to make available seeds for any contingent situation arising out of natural calamity. 37. Directorate of Marketing and Inspection (DMI) advises the Central and State governments on agricultural marketing policies and programmes. It is located in Faridabad, Haryana.

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37. Directorate of Marketing and Inspection (DMI) advises the Central and State governments on agricultural marketing policies and programmes. It is located in Faridabad, Haryana. 38. The National Institute of Agricultural Marketing (NIAM) is located in Jaipur. 39. Farm Machinery Training and Testing Institutes are located at Budni (Madhya Pradesh), Hissar (Haryana), Garladinne (Andhra Pradesh) and Biswanath Chariali (Assam). 40. India accounts for 57 per cent of the world's buffalo population and 15 per cent of the cattle population. India possesses 27 acknowledged indigenous breeds of cattle and 7 breeds of buffaloes. 41. The present availability of animal protein in an Indian diet is 10 gm per person per day, as against a world average of 25 gm. 42. India is the largest producer of milk in the world and ranks fifth in egg production. 43. Central Sheep Breeding Farm is located in Hissar. 44. Reishi or Ling Zhi is a medicinal mushroom which has been successfully grown in India. 45. For rehabilitation of calcareous soils Tamarix articulate, Acadia nilotica, Prosopis Juliflora, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Acacia tortills, Cassia siamea and Feronia limonia have been found promising for plantation with furrow planting methods in arid and semi-arid regions. Salvadora persica proved the ideal species for soil and water management in saline black soils. 46. Karzat 4, Indryani, Panvel 2, Palgarh 1 and 2 are names of various rice varieties sown in India. 47. Kankrej, Ponwar, Gangatiri and Kherigah are names of various cattle breeds in India. 48. Jalauni, Kheri, Mandya, Hassan and Mecheri are names of various sheep breeds of India. 49. C-ELISA is an indigenously developed kit for rinderpest which has been validated by the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna. 50. Feedbase-2001 is a data base that provides information on feed resources and feed balance sheet. 51. Okara is a by-product of soymilk. 52. Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan is located in Almora, Uttaranchal. 53. The Lalit Kala Academy (National Academy of Fine Arts) is located in New Delhi. It has regional centres, called Rashtriya Lalit Kala Kendras, located at Lucknow, Kolkata, Chennai, Garhi(New Delhi) and Bhubaneswar. 54. Bharata Natyam is a dance form of Tamil Nadu. Kathakali is a dance form of Kerala. Kathak is a classical dance form revitalised as a result of Mughal influence on Indian culture. Manipuri is a dance form of Manipur, while Kuchipudi owes its origin to Andhra Pradesh. Odissi, once practised as temple dance, has its origins in Odisha.

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classical dance form revitalised as a result of Mughal influence on Indian culture. Manipuri is a dance form of Manipur, while Kuchipudi owes its origin to Andhra Pradesh. Odissi, once practised as temple dance, has its origins in Odisha. 55. Kathak Kendra, Delhi, and Jawaharlal Nehru Manipur Dance Academy, Imphal, are training institutes run by Sangeet Natak Academy, the National Academy of. Music, Dance and Drama. The Academy also supports training programmes in Chhau dance of Mayurbhanj and Seraikella, as also Koodiyattam of Kerala. 56. The National School of Drama (NSD) is one of the foremost theatre institutions in the world and the only one of its kind in India. It was set up by Sangeet Natak Academy in 1959 and in 1975 it became an autonomous organization. 57. The Theatre-in education Company (renamed as Sanskar Rang Toli was founded by NSD in 1989. Since 1998, NSD has organized National Theatre Festival for Children, christened Jashne Bachpan, every year. 58. The first-ever National Theatre Festival, christened Bharat Rang Mahotsav, was held in MarchApril, 1999 to commemorate the 50th year of India's Independence. 59. Sahitya Academy has its Head Office in New Delhi. Besides, it has four offices in Kolkata, Mumbai, Bangalore and Chennai. It also has four translation centres at Bangalore, Delhi, Ahmedabad and Kolkata, besides a project office at Vadodra for promotion of oral and tribal literature and an Archives of Indian literature. It also maintains a multilingual library at New Delhi, Bangalore and Kolkata, stocking books in over 25 languages. 60. The highest honour conferred by Sahitya Academy on a writer is by electing him/her its Fellow. The honour is limited to 21 at any given moment. 61. The Sahitya Academy holds a 'Festival of Letters' every year, usually in February. 62. The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) functions as an attached office of the Department of Culture, Ministry of Tourism and Culture. 63. The National Museum was established on August 15, 1949 in the Durbar Hall of the Rashtrapati Bhawan.It was formally inaugurated on December 18, 1960 on its present premises. 64. The National Council of Science Museums is located in Kolkata. 65. The Allahabad Museum is famous for its collection of Bharhut, Bhumara and Jamsot sculptors and for the terracotta from Kausumbi, Bhita, Jhusi, Patliputra, Sarnath, Rajghat and Ahichhatra. The Museum also has paraphernalia and family heirlooms of Nehrus, including manuscripts of' An Autobiography' by J.L. Nehru. 66. The National Research Laboratory for Conservation of Cultural Property (NRLC) is located in Lucknow. 67. The National Gallery of Modern Art (NGMA) was founded in 1954 to promote and develop contemporary Indian Art. 68. The National Archives of India (NAI), New Delhi, known until independence as Imperial Record

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67. The National Gallery of Modern Art (NGMA) was founded in 1954 to promote and develop contemporary Indian Art. 68. The National Archives of India (NAI), New Delhi, known until independence as Imperial Record Department, was originally established in Kolkata in March 1891. It is the official custodian of all non-current records of permanent / value to the government of India and its predecessor bodies. It has a regional office at Bhopal and three record centres at Bhubaneswar, ]aipur and Pondicherry. 69. Marine Archeology Centre has been established in the National Institute of Oceanography, Goa. Major exploration are being undertaken in the waters of ancient Dwarka, Poompuhar waters (Tamil Nadu) and around Lakshadweep. 70. National Library, Kolkata serves as a permanent repository of all reading and information material produced in India, as well.as printed material written by Indians and concerning India written by foreigners, wherever published and in whatever language. 71. Under the Delivery of Books and Newspapers (Public Libraries) Act, 1954, four libraries-National Library, Kolkata, Central Library, Mumbai, Connemara Public Library, Chennai, and Delhi Public Library, Delhi-are entitled to receive a copy of new books and magazines published in the counuy. 72. Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Public Library, Patna has a rich collection of over 20,000 'Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Turkish, Pali and Sanskrit manuscripts. 73. The Thanjavur Maharaja Serfoji's Saraswati Mahal (TMSSM) Library, Thanjavur is one of the few medieval libraries that exist in the world. 74. The Rampur Raza Library, housed in Hamid Manzil in the fort of Rampur, is a treasure house of Indo Islamic learning and art. 75. Asiatic Society in Kolkata was founded by Sir William Jones in 1784, with the objective of inquiring into the history, science, arts and literature of Asia. 76. The Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies is located in Varanasi. It was established with the objective of preservation of Tibetan culture and tradition, restoration of ancient Indian literature preserved in Tibetan language and to provide higher education in Buddhist studies. 77. The Central Institute of Buddhist Studies is located, in Leh. 78. The Sikkim Research Institute of Tibetology is located in Sikkim. It has done significant work in promoting research in CHHO (Tibetan for Dharma). 79. Anthropological Survey of India is located in Kolkata. 80. Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sanghrahalaya (National Museum of Mankind) is located in Bhopal. It is dedicated to the depiction of an integrated story of humankind in global perspective, with special focus on India. 81. The Centre for Cultural Resources and Training (CCRT) has its headquarters in New Delhi and two regional Centres at Udaipur and Hyderabad. 82. With the aim of projecting in India cultural kinships transcending territorial boundaries, seven zonal

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81. The Centre for Cultural Resources and Training (CCRT) has its headquarters in New Delhi and two regional Centres at Udaipur and Hyderabad. 82. With the aim of projecting in India cultural kinships transcending territorial boundaries, seven zonal cultural centres have been established at Patiala, Kolkata, Thanjavur, Udaipur, Allahabad, Dimapur and Nagpur. 83. Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA) is a premier national institute engaged in the pursuit of knowledge on arts and culture. It is also the nodal agency for the setting up of a national data bank on arts, humanities and cultural heritage. 84. Gandhi Smriti and Darshan Samiti has been set up primarily to maintain and look after the national memorial where Gandhiji was assassinated, now called Gandhi Smriti, and a permanent photo exhibition at Rajghat, called Gandhi Darshan. 85. The Central Statistical Organisation (CSO) is responsible for formulation and maintenance of statistical standards, work pertaining to national accounts, industrial statistics, consumer price indices, conduct of economic census and surveys and liaising with international agencies in statistical matters. It is located in New Delhi. 86. National income is defined as the sum of incomes accruing to factors of production, supplied by normal residents of the country before deduction of direct taxes. It is equal to net national product at factor-cost. 87. The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) has been set up to conduct large scale surveys to meet the data needs of India as also for the estimation of national income and other aggregates. It has four divisions: (i) Survey Design and Research Division (SDRD), with headquarters in Kolkata; (ii) Field Operations Division (FOD) having its headquarters in Delhi; (iii) Data Processing Division (DPD) with headquarters in Kolkata; and (iv) Coordination and Publication Division (CPD), located in Delhi. 88. Summary results of NSSO surveys are published in the biannual technical journal Sarvekshana. 89. India has an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of 2.02 million sq km. The EEZ provides India with more than 60 per cent of its oil and gas production and fishing valued at $ 1.15 billion. 90. The Army War College, earlier known as College of Combat, is located in Mhow. 91. The Infantry School, Mhow is the largest and oldest military training centre of Indian Army. This institute also trains the National Shooting team, under the aegis of Army Marksmanship Unit (AMU). 92. The Institute of Defence Management is located in Secunderabad. 93. The Defence Services Staff College is located in Wellington. It imparts training to middle level officers (Major and equivalent) of Army, Air Force and Navy. 94. The High Altitude Warfare School (HAWS) is located in Gulmarg. 95. The National Defence College is located in Delhi. It is the only institute of India that imparts knowledge on all aspects of national security and strategy.

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95. The National Defence College is located in Delhi. It is the only institute of India that imparts knowledge on all aspects of national security and strategy. 96. Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited, located in Hyderabad, was incorporated with the primary objective of ushering in self-reliance in special metals and alloys for strategic sectors like Defence, Space and Atomic energy. 97. The 86th Constitution Amendment Act, 2002, makes elementary education a Fundamental Right for children in the age-group of 6-14 years. 98. The Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) scheme evolved I from the recommendations of the State Education Ministers' Conference held in October 1998. The main goals of SSA are: (a) All 6-14 age children complete five-year primary education by 2007; (b) Bridge all gender and social category gaps at primary stage by 2007 and at elementary education level by 2010; (c) Focus on elementary education of satisfactory quality with emphasis on education for life; and (d) Universal retention by 2010. 99. The National programme of Nutritional Support to Primary Education is commonly known as Mid Day Meal Scheme. It was launched in August 1995. 100. Operation Blackboard was launched in 1987 with the aim of improving human and physical resources available in primary schools of India. 101. Janshala Programme is a collaborative effort of the government of India, and five UN agencies-UNDP, UNESCO, ILO, UNICEF and UNFPA-to provide programme support to the ongoing efforts towards achieving Universal Elementary Education (UEE). 102. The National Council for Teacher Education was established by an Act of the Parliament in August 1995. 103. The University Grants Commission (UGC) serves as a coordinating body between the Union and State governments and the institutions of higher learning. 104. The National Literacy Mission (NLM) aims to attain a sustainable threshold level of 75 per cent literacy by 2007, by imparting functional literacy to non-literates in the age-group of 15-35 years. 105. The Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages is located in Hyderabad. 106. The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) system was introduced in India in 1985 by the Raja Ram Mohan Roy National Agency for ISBN. ISBN is a unique international publisher's identifier number. 107. Administering the Copyright Act, 1957 is the responsibility of the Union Ministry of Human Resource Development, Department of Secondary and Higher Education. 108. The Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) was the first multipurpose river valley project to be undertaken after Independence. It was set up in July 1948. 109. The National Power Training Institute (NPTI) is located at Faridabad.

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109. The National Power Training Institute (NPTI) is located at Faridabad. 110. The Central Power Research Institute (CPRI) has its headquarters located at Bangalore. Other units are located at Bhopal, Hyderabad, Nagpur, Ghaziabad, Thiruvanthapuram and Raichur. 111. The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) is the nodal agency to promote efficient use of energy and its conservation in all sectors of economy of India. 112. Coal is the main source of energy in India and account for about 67 per cent of India's commercial requirement. 113. The coal reserves of India, as on January 1, 2003 were 2,40,748 million tonnes. 114. The Botanical Survey of India and the Zoological Survey of India both have their headquarters in Kolkata. 115. The Forest Survey of India has its headquarters in Dehradun and has four regional offices at Bangalore, Kolkata, Nagpur and Shimla. 116. Biosphere reserves are multi-purpose protected areas to preserve the genetic diversity in representative ecosystem. 13 Biosphere reserves have been set up in India. These are: Nilgiri, Nanda Devi, Nokrek, Great Nicobar, Gulf of Mannar, Manas, Sundebans, Similipal, Dibru, Daikhowa, Dehong Deband, Pachmarhi, Kanchunjunga and Agasthyamalai. Out of these, Nilgiri, Sunderbans and Gulf of Mannar have been recognized on World Network of Biosphere Reserves by UNESCO. 117. India is one of the 12 mega-biodiversity countries of the world. 118. The forest cover of India constitutes 20.55 per cent of its geographical area. Of this, dense forest constitutes 12.68 per cent and open forest 7.87 per cent. The mangrove cover occupies 0.14 per cent of geographical area. The total tree/forest cover is estimated as 81,472 sq km or about 2.48 per cent of the country. 119. G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development is located at Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttaranchal. 120. The Environmental Information System (ENVIS) network brings out a quarterly journal, Paryavaran Abstracts, which contains information about environmental research in the Indian context. 121. The ENVIS has been designated as National Focal Point (NFP) and Regional Service Centre (RSC) for South Asia sub-regional countries by INFOTERRA (a global information system on environment) of UN Environment Programme (UNEP). 122. The Department of Economic Affairs (DEA) consists of nine main divisions, namely, (i) Economic; (ii) Banking; (iii) Insurance; (iv) Budget; (v) Foreign Trade and Investment; (vi) External Finance; (vii) Capital market; (viii) Fund Bank; and (ix) Currency and Coinage. 123. All revenues received, loans raised and money received in repayment of loans by the Union government form the Consolidated Fund of India. No money can be withdrawn from this Fund except under the authority of an Act of Parliament.

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123. All revenues received, loans raised and money received in repayment of loans by the Union government form the Consolidated Fund of India. No money can be withdrawn from this Fund except under the authority of an Act of Parliament. 124. The Indian Constitution provides for the establishment of a Consolidated Fund, a Public Account and a Contingency Fund for each State. 125. The first bank of limited liability, managed by Indians, was Oudh Commercial Bank. It was founded in 1881. Punjab National Bank was established in 1894. 126. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) was established under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 on April 1, 1935 and nationalized on January 1,1949. 127. RBI is the sole authority for issue of currency notes in India, other than one-rupee coins and subsidiary coins and notes. 128. India ranks third in the world, after China and USA, in terms of production of coal. 129. The three important gold fields of India are: Kolar (Karnataka), Hutti in Raichur district (Karnataka) and Ramgiri in Anantapur district (Andhra Pradesh). 130. Mains reserves of Tungsten are located at Degana, Rajasthan. 131. The Mangampet deposits, occurring in Cuddapah district of Andhra Pradesh is the single largest deposit of Barytes in the world. 132. The main diamond-bearing areas in India are Panna belt in Madhya Pradesh, MunimaduguBanganapalle conglomerate in Kurnool district, Wajrakarur Kimberlite pipe in Anantapur district and Krishna river basin in Andhra Pradesh. 133. Odisha is a major producer of Graphite in India. 134. Judges of the Supreme Court of India hold office until they attain the age of 65 years. Judges of the High Court hold office until they attain the age of 62 years. 135. The National Judicial Academy is located in Bhopal with its registered office in New Delhi. 136. V.V. Giri National Labour Institute, Noida, is an autonomous body under the Union Ministry of Labour. It is engaged in research pertaining to labour and training of labour administrators, trade unions, public sector managers and other government functionaries concerned with labour. 137. The first radio programme was broadcast in India in 1923 by the Radio Club of Bombay. 138. All India Radio (AIR) operates on motto Bahujana Hitaya; Bahujana Sukhya (to promote the happiness and welfare of the masses through information, education and entertainment. 139. Cyan Darshan is the educational channel run by Doordarshan. 140. Press Trust of India (PTI) is India's largest news agency.

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140. Press Trust of India (PTI) is India's largest news agency. 141. United News of India (UNI) became the first agency in India to launch a full-fledged Hindi wire service Univarta in 1982. In early 1990s, it launched the first-ever wire service in Urdu. 142. The Press Council of India has been established under the Act of Parliament for the purpose of preserving the freedom of the press, and of maintaining and improving the standards of newspapers and news agencies in India. 143. India has one of the largest road networks in the world, aggregating to about 3.3 million kilometres. 144. Golden Quadrilateral comprises of National Highways connecting the four metro cities. 145. Shipping Corporation of India Limited (SCI) is the biggest shipping line of India. 146. Indian Institute of Maritime Studies (IIMS) is located in Mumbai. 147. India has 12 major ports and about 184 other ports. 148. Mumbai, Nhava Sheva, Kandla, Mormugao, New Mangalore and Cochin are the major ports on west coast. 149. Kolkata/Haldia, Para dip, Visakhapatnam, Chennai, Ennore and Tuticorin are major ports on the east coast. 150. Command Area Development (CAD) Programme was launched in 1974-75 with main objective of improving the utilization of created irrigation potential and optimizing agriculture production and productivity from irrigated lands on sustainable bases. [ Read More... ] Labels: Facts about India, General Knowledge

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General Knowledge For Forthcoming Examination

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General Knowledge : World ■ The first Prime minister of Bangladesh was Mujibur Rehman ■ The longest river in the world is the Nile ■ The longest highway in the world is the Trans-Canada ■ The longest highway in the world has a length of About 8000 km ■ The highest mountain in the world is the Everest ■ The country that accounts for nearly one third of the total teak production of the world is Myanmar ■ The biggest desert in the world is the Sahara desert ■ The largest coffee growing country in the world is Brazil ■ The country also known as "country of Copper" is Zambia ■ The name given to the border which separates Pakistan and Afghanistan is Durand line ■ The river Volga flows out into the Capsian sea ■ The coldest place on the earth is Verkoyansk in Siberia ■ The country which ranks second in terms of land area is Canada ■ The largest Island in the Mediterranean sea is Sicily ■ The river Jordan flows out into the Dead sea ■ The biggest delta in the world is the Sunderbans ■ The capital city that stands on the river Danube is Belgrade ■ The Japanese call their country as Nippon ■ The length of the English channel is 564 kilometres ■ The world's oldest known city is Damascus ■ The city which is also known as the City of Canals is Venice ■ The country in which river Wangchu flows is Myanmar ■ The biggest island of the world is Greenland ■ The city which is the biggest centre for manufacture of automobiles in the world is Detroit, USA ■ The country which is the largest producer of manganese in the world is USA ■ The country which is the largest producer of rubber in the world is Malaysia ■ The country which is the largest producer of tin in the world is Malaysia ■ The river which carries maximum quantity of water into the sea is the Mississippi ■ The city which was once called the `Forbidden City' was Peking ■ The country called the Land of Rising Sun is Japan ■ Mount Everest was named after Sir George Everest ■ The volcano Vesuvius is located in Italy ■ The country known as the Sugar Bowl of the world is Cuba ■ The length of the Suez Canal is 162.5 kilometers ■ The lowest point on earth is The coastal area of Dead sea ■ The Gurkhas are the original inhabitants of Nepal ■ The largest ocean of the world is the Pacific ocean ■ The largest bell in the world is the Tsar Kolkol at Kremlin, Moscow ■ The biggest stadium in the world is the Strahov Stadium, Prague

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■ The Gurkhas are the original inhabitants of Nepal ■ The largest ocean of the world is the Pacific ocean ■ The largest bell in the world is the Tsar Kolkol at Kremlin, Moscow ■ The biggest stadium in the world is the Strahov Stadium, Prague ■ The world's largest diamond producing country is South Africa ■ Australia was discovered by James Cook ■ The first Governor General of Pakistan is Mohammed Ali Jinnah ■ Dublin is situated at the mouth of river Liffey ■ The earlier name of New York city was New Amsterdam ■ The Eifel tower was built by Alexander Eiffel ■ The Red Cross was founded by Jean Henri Durant ■ The country which has the greatest population density is Monaco ■ The national flower of Britain is Rose ■ Niagara Falls was discovered by Louis Hennepin ■ The national flower of Italy is Lily ■ The national flower of China is Narcissus ■ The permanent secretariat of the SAARC is located at Kathmandu ■ The gateway to the Gulf of Iran is Strait of Hormuz ■ The first Industrial Revolution took place in England ■ World Environment Day is observed on 5th June ■ The first Republican President of America was Abraham Lincoln ■ The country famous for Samba dance is Brazil ■ The name of Alexander's horse was Beucephalus ■ Singapore was founded by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles ■ The famous British one-eyed Admiral was Nelson ■ The earlier name of Sri Lanka was Ceylon ■ The UNO was formed in the year 1945 ■ UNO stands for United Nations Organization ■ The independence day of South Korea is celebrated on 15th August ■ 'Last Judgement' was the first painting of an Italian painter named Michelangelo ■ Paradise Regained was written by John Milton ■ The first President of Egypt was Mohammed Nequib ■ The first man to reach North Pole was Rear Peary ■ The most famous painting of Pablo Picasso was Guermica ■ The primary producer of newsprint in the world is Canada ■ The first explorer to reach the South Pole was Cap. Ronald Amundson ■ The person who is called the father of modern Italy is G.Garibaldi ■ World literacy day is celebrated on 8th September ■ The founder of modern Germany is Bismarck ■ The country known as the land of the midnight sun is Norway ■ The place known as the Roof of the world is Tibet ■ The founder of the Chinese Republic was San Yat Sen ■ The first Pakistani to receive the Nobel Prize was Abdul Salam ■ The first woman Prime Minister of Britain was Margaret Thatcher ■ The first Secretary General of the UNO was Trygve Lie ■ The sculptor of the statue of Liberty was Frederick Auguste Bartholdi ■ The port of Banku is situated in Azerbaijan ■ John F Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harry Oswald ■ The largest river in France is Lore ■ The Queen of England who married her brother-in-law was Catherine of Aragon


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■ John F Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harry Oswald ■ The largest river in France is Lore ■ The Queen of England who married her brother-in-law was Catherine of Aragon ■ The first negro to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize was Ralph Johnson Bunche ■ The first British University to admit women for degree courses was London University ■ The principal export of Jamaica is Sugar ■ New York is popularly known as the city of Skyscrapers ■ Madagascar is popularly known as the Island of Cloves ■ The country known as the Land of White Elephant is Thailand ■ The country known as the Land of Morning Calm is Korea ■ The country known as the Land of Thunderbolts is Bhutan ■ The highest waterfalls in the world is the Salto Angel Falls(Venezuela) ■ The largest library in the world is the United States Library of Congress Washington DC [ Read More... ] Labels: General Knowledge

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Famous Speech of Jawaharlal Nehru

Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, was a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi, On 2 February, 1948, three days after the assassination of Gandhiji, Nehru delivered the following address before the Constituent Assembly at New Delhi. GREAT SPEECH

A Glory has Departed

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A Glory has Departed —Jawaharlal Nehru W e praise people in well-chosen words and we have some kind of a measure for greatness. How shall we praise him and how shall we measure him, because he was not of the common clay that all of us are made of ? He came, lived a fairly long span of life and has passed away. No words of praise of ours in this House are needed, for he has greater praise in his life than any living man in history. And during these two or three days since his death he has had the homage of the world; what can we add to that ? How can we praise him, how can we who have been children of his, and perhaps more intimately his children than the children of his body, for we have all been in some greater or smaller measure the children of his spirit, unworthy as we were ? A glory has departed and the sun that warmed and brightened our lives has set and we shiver in the cold and dark. Yet, he would not have us feel this way. After all, that glory that we saw for all these years, that man with the divine fire, changed us also—and such as we are, we have been moulded by him during these years; and out of that divine fire many of us also took a small spark which strengthened and made us work to some extent on the lines that he fashioned. And so if we praise him, our words seem rather small and if we praise him, to some extent we also praise ourselves. Great men and eminent men have monuments in bronze and marble set up for them, but this man of divine fire managed in his life-time to become enshrined in millions and millions of hearts so that all of us became somewhat of the stuff that he was made of, though to an infinitely lesser degree. He spread out in this way all over India not in palaces only, or in select places or in assemblies but in every hamlet and hut of the lowly and those who suffer. He lives in the hearts of millions and he will live for immemorial ages. [ Read More... ] Labels: General Knowledge

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Tourist Places in India

● Andhra Pradesh—Charminar, Salarjunj Museum, Golconda Fort, Araku Valley, Harshlla hills, Hussain Sagar Lake. ● Arunachal Pradesh—Twang, Dirang, Bomdella, Tipi, Malinathen, Likabali, Pasighat, Alaung Teju, Mico, Namdafa. ● Assam—Kamakhya temple, Navagraha, Kaziranga National Park, Manas Tiger Project, Pobitora, Bhaluk-Punj, Haf-long, Mafuli, Chandubi lake, Hazo, Bhatdraba.

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Mico, Namdafa. ● Assam—Kamakhya temple, Navagraha, Kaziranga National Park, Manas Tiger Project, Pobitora, Bhaluk-Punj, Haf-long, Mafuli, Chandubi lake, Hazo, Bhatdraba. ● Chhattisgarh— Chitrakoot waterfall, Tirathgarh waterfall Kanger River, Keshkal Valley, Kanger Ghat, National Park, Kailash Caves, Kutumb Caves Achanakmar Sanctuary. ● Goa—Kala, Calangute, Vagator, Anjuna, St. Cathedral Church, Colva, Merdal, Terekhole. [ Read More... ] Labels: General Knowledge

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List of Women Presidents, Prime Ministers and Heads of State

● Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka - 1960, 1970, 1994 ● Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India - 1966, 1980 ● Golda Meir, Prime Minister of Israel - 1969 ● Isabel Peron, President of Argentina - 1974 ● Elisabeth Domitien, Prime Minister of Central African Republic - 1975 ● Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of Great Britain - 1979 ● Maria da Lourdes Pintasilgo, Prime Minister of Portugal - 1979 ● Lidia Gueiler Tejada, Prime Minister of Bolivia - 1979 ● Dame Eugenia Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica - 1980

[ Read More... ] Labels: General Knowledge

First Person in Different Fields GK

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1. Arya bhatta is the India’s first— (A) Scientist (B) Satellite (C) Telescope (D) Painting Ans: B

2. Yang Liwei is__________first man in space. (A) Taiwan’s (B) China’s (C) Japan’s (D) Korea’s Ans: B

3. Edusat is India’s first educational— (A) institute (B) satellite (C) Both A and B (D) None of the above. Ans: B

4. First Indian Grand master in chess is— (A) Viswanathan Anand (B) Sachin Tendulkar (C) Vijay Amirtharaj (D) Both A and C. Ans: A

5. Cricket Team of__________is the first country which won 15 matches in a row and made a history is— (A) India (B) Australia (C) New Zealand (D) South Africa Ans: B

6. The youngest cricketer to score a century is— (A) Tendulkar (B) Ashraful (C) Jayasuriya (D) Partiv patel Ans: B

7. The first women prime minister of__________is Ms. Chang Sang. (A) China (B) Taiwan (C) South Korea (D) Japan Ans: C

8. The first US president to resign presidency is— (A) Richard Nixon (B) George Bush (C) Clinton (D) Lincoln Ans: A

9. The first scientist president of India is— (A) Abdul kalam (B) C. V. Raman (C) Aryabhatta (D) Ramanujam Ans: A

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(C) Aryabhatta (D) Ramanujam Ans: A

10. The first European invader on Indian soil is— (A) Shahjahan (B) Napoleon (C) Mount paten (D) Alexander,The Great Ans: D

11. The first president of USA is— (A) Lincoln (B) Washington (C) Sara (D) Hillary Clinton Ans: B

12. The Last King of__________is Nepolean III. (A) France (B) Pakistan (C) England (D) Canada Ans: A

13. The first women prime minister of a country is Mrs Bhandaranaike of— (A) India (B) Srilanka (C) Pakistan (D) China Ans: B

14. The first Chinese pilgrim to visit India is— (A) Fahien (B) Youan Suang (C) Seu-duo (D) None of the above. Ans: A

15. The first European to visit__________is Marco Polo. (A) India (B) China (C) Japan (D) Taiwan Ans: B

16. The first Indian among women to swim across the English channels— (A) Mihir Sen (B) Aarathi Saha (C) Sushmita Sen (D) Aishwarya Rai Ans: B

17. Bachhendri Pal was the first Indian women— (A) to climb mount Everest (B) to cross the English Channel (C) won the chess grandmaster title (D) police Ans: A

18. Wilson Jones of__________won the world’s first Billiards trophy— (A) USA (B) Russia (C) India (D) China Ans: C

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(C) India (D) China Ans: C

19. Neil Armstrang was the first person who__________first time. (A) landed on the moon (B) made space fights (C) float in space (D) All the above. Ans: A

20. The first__________man to reach Mount Everest was Eric Baumgartner. (A) handicapped (B) deaf (C) dumb (D) blind Ans: D

21. The leader of the expedition “ocean to sky” — (A) Sir Edmund hillary (B) Bacchendri pal (C) Neil armstarng (D) Bjorn Borg Ans: A

22. The first person to reach south pole— (A) Amudhan (B) Amundsen (C) Robert ferry (D) Robert Peary Ans: B

23. Mohammed Ali Jinnah was the first governer general of— (A) India (B) Pakistan (C) Afganistan (D) Sri Lanka Ans: B

24. The first batsman to score three test centuries in the three successive Tests on debut. (A) Sachin Tendulkar (B) Mohammed Azharuddin (C) M.S. Dhoni (D) Rahul Dravid Ans: B

25. World’s first cricketer to score more than 10,000 runs in his test career— (A) Sachin Tendulkar (B) Sunil Gavaskar (C) Don Bradman (D) Adam Gilchrist Ans: B


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First in the World General Knowledge

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The first woman civilian police adviser of the U.N. : Kiran Bedi

First in the World ● The first person to cross the Atlantic in an open wicker basket hot air balloon : David Hempleman Adams ● The first woman civilian police adviser of the U.N. : Kiran Bedi ● The first person in the world to land on the moon : Neil Armstrong and Edwin E. Aldrin ● The first man to enter space : Major Yuri Gagarin (Russian) ● The first woman cosmonaut of the world : Velentina Tereshkova ● The first unmanned spaceship to have softlanded and lifted off from the moon to return to the earth : Luna-16 (USSR) Sept. 21, 1970 ● The first space vehicle to land on the moon : Lunar Exploration Module (LEM) nick-named ‘Eagle’ ● The first space ship which carried three American astronauts to land two of them on the moon : Apollo-11 ● The first country to send man to the moon : USA [ Read More... ] Labels: General Knowledge

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Interesting Things to Know

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Interesting Things to Know

1. Coca-Cola was originally green. 2. The most common name in the world is Muhammad. 3. The name of all the continents ends with the same letter that they start with. 4. The strongest muscle in the body is the tongue. 5. There are two credit cards for every person in the United States. 6. TYPEWRITER is the longest word that can be made using the letters only on one row of the keyboard.


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Important Facts of Indian History : Medieval India

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Important Facts of Indian HistoryHistory


of Modern India

● Muazzam occupied the Mughal throne as Bahadur Shah after his success in the war of succession. ● Muazzam, the son of Aurangzeb was called as the ‘Shah Bekhabar’. ● The Mughal King Farrukh Siyar gratned concession to the English men to trade in Bengal, Gujarat and Hyderabad. ● In 1759 Ali Mohar, the son of Alamgir sat upon the Mughal throne as Shah Alam II. ● After the death of Maratha ruler Shahu, the real power of the State came in the hands of Peshwas. ● Nawab Murshid Quli Khan of Bengal transferred his capital to Murshidabad from Dacca. ● Nawab Mir Qasim of Bengal transferred his capital to Moongher from Murshidabad. ● In the middle of the 18th century, the nominal ruler of Mysore was Chika Krishnaraj. The real power of the State lied with the two brothers—Nand Raj and Dev Raj. ● In 1761 Hyder Ali captured Nandraj and became the master of Mysore. ● In the first Anglo-Mysore war, Hyder Ali badly defeated the English army. ● In 1781 Hyder Ali conqurered Arcot but in 1781 at Porn Novo Sir Eyerkoot defeated him. ● Ali Muhammad Khan established the State of Rohilkhand. ● The early capital of Rohilkhand was ‘Awala’ which later shifted to Rampur. ● Guru Har Gobind Singh constructed the Akaal Takht at Amritsar. ● Guru Gobind Singh converted the Sikhs into a warring and military group. ● In 1721, the two sects of Sikhism ‘Bandai’ and ‘Tatkhalsa’ merged in one sect ‘Khalsa’. This sect became a headache for the Mughals. ● The Sikhs were organized in 12 unions or misls which grew in political significance. Later Ranjeet Singh conquered these misls and organized them into Punjab State. ● The ruler of the Afghanistan conferred the title of Raja upon Ranjeet Singh and appointed him the Subedar of Lahore. ● The treaty of Amritsar was signed between the English and Ranjeet Singh in 1809. As a result the

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● The ruler of the Afghanistan conferred the title of Raja upon Ranjeet Singh and appointed him the Subedar of Lahore. ● The treaty of Amritsar was signed between the English and Ranjeet Singh in 1809. As a result the English checked the expansion of Ranjeet Singh towards the region of Sutluj. ● According to the treaty of Amritsar, the English accepted Ranjeet Singh as an independent ruler. ● During first Anglo-Sikh war, the Governor-General of India was Lord Hardinge. ● Punjab was ruled by Maharaja Dalip Singh when the Lahore Treaty was signed in 1846 between the Sikhs and the English after the defeat of Sikhs in the first Anglo Sikh war. ● During Sirajudaulla’s time, the English settlement at Calcutta became a resort for the enemies of Nawab and the traitors. ● On 4th June, 1756 Sirajudaulla invaded and captured the Qasim Bazar factory of English near Murshidabad. ● The Black hole tragedy as it is known in history, came to light through the letter of Holvell. Some of the historians consider it imaginery. ● In the contemporary historical works like Sher-a-Mutkherin and Royas-us-Salatin, there is no reference to the Black hole tragedy. ● On 9th February, 1757, the Ali Nagar Treaty was signed between the English and the Nawab. ● After the war of Plassey, when Sirajudaulla was running away from Murshidabad towards Patna he was captured and killed. ● On 28 June, 1757, the English declared Mir Jafar as the Nawab of Bengal. ● After victory in Plassey war, the English Company obtained concessions to trade in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. ● On 25 November, 1759, the Bedara war was fought between the English and the Dutch and the Dutch were defeated. The victory helped the English in consolidating their hold on Bengal. ● Mir Qasim planned friendship with Vansittart to become the Nawab of Bengal. ● Mir Qasim gave to East India Company, the districts of Vardhman, Midnapur and Chittgaon for the expenditure of the English army. ● In 1764 the joint army of Mir Qasim, Shujauddaulla and Shah Alam fought with the English—the war of Buxar, the English were victorious in this war. ● After the Buxar War, the Allahabad treaty was signed between English and the Mughal King Shah Alam in 1765 AD. ● According to Allahabad Treaty, the districts of Kara and Allahabad were taken away from the Nawab of Oudh and given to Mughal King. The East India Company agreed to pay to the king a pension of Rs. 26 lacs. In lieu the English got Diwani rights in Bengal. ● After the death of Mir Jafar, his son Nizamuddaula was enthroned as Nawab of Bengal. ● K. M. Panikkar holds that from 1765 to 1772, the rule of East India Company in Bengal was the ‘rule of dacoits’. ● During Warren Hastings period, the Treasury was transferred by the East India Company to Calcutta from Murshidabad and Calcutta was made the capital. ● During the Governorship of Warren Hastings, in every district of subjugated India one Civil and one Criminal Court was opened. ● The cases upto to Rs. 500 were referred to the Civil Court and alone it, the appeal could be made to the Sadar Diwani Adalat. ● The District Criminal Court was put in charge of an Indian Officer. ● The Regulating Act of 1773 established a Supreme Court at Calcutta. ● The Permanent settlement introduced by Cornwallis brought changes in the land system. Most of the land came in the hands of commercial and rich classes of Calcutta. ● The Permanent settlement ensured the income of the Government. Besides the cooperation of the new Zamindars was obtained. ● In the Mahalwari system, land revenues was fixed either through the local Zamindars or their


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● The Permanent settlement ensured the income of the Government. Besides the cooperation of the new Zamindars was obtained. ● In the Mahalwari system, land revenues was fixed either through the local Zamindars or their hereditary tax collectors or the Zamindars of the Mahal. Mahal was the collection of villages. The Mahalwari system was known in Punjab as the village system. ● The Raiyyatwari system was introduced during early 19th century in some regions of Madras and Bombay. The Govt. directly obtained a fixed amount from the peasants. ● In the Raiyyatwari system, the revenue rate was fixed 45% to 50% of the total produce separately. ● The Raiyyatwari system had many defects which the Govt. official accepted at the time of a parliamentary inspection for the renewal of the Company’s Charter. ● In the Fifth and Sixth decades of 19 century, the English invested in large amount to control Indian economy. ● The English invested their capital on roads and communications, Railway, Post and Telegraph, Banks and tea gardens. ● In 1830 the Ahoms again rebelled against the English. This time, the English Company adopted a peaceful policy and granted north Assam and some other region to King Purandar Singh. ● Raja Teerath Singh of Nanakkalo rebelled against the English with the help of Garo, Khampati and Sinhopo tribes. Soon it took the shape of a mass-movement. In 1833, the English could crust it with superior military force. ● In 1825, the Assam Rifles rebelled against the English. ● In 1838, the Indian troops stationed at Sholapur rebelled due to non-payment of the full allowances. ● In 1850 the Gobind Garh regiment rebelled. ● On 1 January, 1857, the use of British made Enfield Rifles was started in India. In the cartridges of this Rifle, the fat of cows and pigs were used. ● In March 1857, the soldiers of Bairakpur Cantt refused to use the fat cartridges. ● On 2 May, 1857, the Oudh Regiment of Lucknow too refused to use these cartridges. As a result, the Oudh regiment was disbanded. ● To the soldiers of Meerut who had refused to use the fat cartridges, an English military officer—Carr Michael Smith issued the jail punishment of 5 years. ● On 10 May, 1857, a section of the infantry and cavalry of Merrut rebelled at about 5 P.M. ● The rebels marched to Delhi, captured the city and declared Bahadurshah the emperor of India. Bahadurshah assumed the leadership of revolt in Delhi. ● During this rebellion, Nana Saheb established his suzeranity over Kanpur and declared himself the Peshwa. ● In Bundelkhand Rani Lakshmi Bai of Jhansi assumed the leadership of the revolt. ● In Bihar, the zamindar of Jagdishpur, named Kunwar Singh led the revolt. ● On 28 May, 1857, the soldiers of Nasirabad Cantt in Rajasthan, rebelled. ● Kota and Adva were the main centres of revolt in Rajasthan. ● The Central India, Tantya Tope led the revolt. ● In U.P. the importnat centres of revolution were Jhansi, Kanpur, Bareilly, Meerut, Lucknow, Aligarh, Mathura and Agra. ● The Bareilly rebellion was led by Batakhs Khan. ● The Commissioner of Oudh, Henry Laurrence died of a blast on 4th July, 1857. ● While suppressing the revolt, the English officer Neil buried the dead Brahmans and burnt the dead Muslims. ● In March 1858, under the leadership of Kunwar Singh, the rebels captured Azamgarh. ● While marching towards Benaras from Azamgarh, there was an encounter between Kunwar Singh and the English officer Lord Mark in which Lord Mark had to run away to save his life. ● Kunwar Singh of Jagdishpur was the only leader to have died under the banner of freedom. ● On 14 December, 1857, the English army blasted Kashmiri Gate of Delhi.


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● While marching towards Benaras from Azamgarh, there was an encounter between Kunwar Singh and the English officer Lord Mark in which Lord Mark had to run away to save his life. ● Kunwar Singh of Jagdishpur was the only leader to have died under the banner of freedom. ● On 14 December, 1857, the English army blasted Kashmiri Gate of Delhi. ● In November 1857 the rebels defeated the English General Windaham near Kanpur. ● Vinayak Damodar Saverker was the first to name the rebellion of 1857 as the first war of Indian independence. ● According to Sir Seeley, the rebellion of 1857 was fully a national revolt conducted by selfish soldiers. ● Sir John Lawrence, P. E. Roberts and V. A. Smith have called it a Sepoy Mutiny. ● According to V. A. Smith, the rebellion of 1857 was purely a sepoy mutiny which fully reflected the indiscipline of Indian soldiers and the foolishness of English military officers. ● According to Sir James Outtram, the revolt of 1857 was the result of a conspiracy of the Muslims who desired to fulfill their self-interest on the strength of the Hindus. ● Ashok Mehta in his book, ‘The Great Revolt’, has attempted to prove that it was a national revolt. ● Pattabhi Sita Ramaiyya takes it to be the first war of Indian independence. ● After crushing the revolt of 1857, they constituted an India Council and abolished the Board of Directors. There were 15 members in the India Council and a Secretary of State for India. ● After the revolt, Lord Canning announced the Declaration of the Queen at a Durbar held at Allahabad. He called it, ‘the Magna Carta of Indian people’. ● In the Declaration of the Queen, the policy of expansion of the political limits came to an end. ● The rebels responsible for the murder of Englishmen were punished. All others were pardoned. ● The objective of Brahmo Samaj, Arya Samaj, Ramkirshna Mission and the Theosophical society etc. was to herald a renaissance in India. ● Brahmo Samaj was founded in Calcutta by Raja Ram Mohan Roy on 20 August, 1828. ● Raja Ram Mohan Roy always advocated the appointment of Indians on high govt. posts. He played a major role in the abolition of Sati system. ● After the death of Raja Ram Mohan Roy on 20 August, 1833, Devendara Nath Tagore assumed the leadership of the Brahmo Samaj. ● Aadi Brahmo Samaj was established by Devendra Nath Thakur. ● Bhartiya Brahmo Samaj was founded by Keshav Chandra Sen. ● The principles of Brahmo Samaj helped immensely in the birth and Spread Indian nationalism. ● Raja Ram Mohan Roy established Vedant College, English School and Hindu College at Calcutta. ● Raja Ram Mohan Roy was the advocate of English Education and he thought English to be the vehicle of progress. ● It was due to the effort of Raja Ram Mohan Roy, that the restriction upon the newspapers were lifted. ● In 1819, at Maharashtra, Prarthna Sabha was founded. It came to an end due to its limited scope. ● In 1867 Atma Ram Pandurang established Prarthna Samaj. M. G. Ranade, R. G. Bhandarkar and Narayan Chandrawarkar were the prominent members of this Samaj. ● Dayanand Saraswati left his house at the age of 21. As a Brahmachari Sadhu, he travelled to different places in India. ● Dayanand Saraswati started the propagation of his religion from Agra. ● In 1874, he wrote his famous book Satyarth Prakash. ● On 10 April, 1875 he founded Arya Samaj at Bombay. ● Totapuri, a Vedantic sadhu taught Vedant Sadhna to Dayananda. ● Ramkrishna Paramhans was born in 1836 in a poor Brahman family of Hoogly district of Bengal. ● Swami Vivekanand was the most devoted disciple of Swami Ramkrishna Paramhans. ● Ramkrishna Pramhans did not establish any Ashram or sect. ● In 1893 in the All Religion Conference at Chicago Vivekanand impressed everyone, and started a Vedant Samaj there.


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● Swami Vivekanand was the most devoted disciple of Swami Ramkrishna Paramhans. ● Ramkrishna Pramhans did not establish any Ashram or sect. ● In 1893 in the All Religion Conference at Chicago Vivekanand impressed everyone, and started a Vedant Samaj there. ● In 1896 Vivekanand established Ramkrishna Mission. ● In the last years of the third decade of the 19th century, the young Bengal movement was led by an Englishman named Henry William Derozio. ● On 7 September, 1875 in New York, U.S.A. Madame H.P. Blatavesky (Russian) and Col. H. S. Alcott (American) founded the Theosophical Society. ● Mrs. Annie Besant, an Irish lady was a very active member of Theosophical Society in India. ● Due to the efforts of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, in 1856, the Widow Remarriage Act was legislated. ● The slogan of ‘Inkalab Zindabad’ was given by Mohammad Iqbal. ● Sir Saiyyad Ahmad Khan founded the Anglo Oriental College at Aligarh in 1877 which later became known as Aligarh Muslim University. ● Haji Shariatullah was the initiator of Faryaz movement. ● In Maharashtra the Bharat Sewak Samaj was started by Gopal Krishna Gokhale. ● In 1922 Amrit Lal Viththal Das established the Bheel Sewa Mandal. ● Jyoti Ba Phule was the champion of widowremarriage in Maharashtra. ● In 1911 Narayan Maltar Joshi organised the Social Service League, a society to solve the social problems. He was assisted by some educated Indians. ● Avanindra Nath Thakur founded the society known as—The Indian Society of Oriental Art. ● In the 19th century, the famous Bengali author Bankim Chandra Chatterjee composed the song— Vande Matram. ● In 1875, Sisir Kumar Ghose founded the India League. ● The Indian Association founded by Surendra Nath Banerjee was replaced by the Indian League in 1876. ● The credit for founding the Indian National Congress in 1885 goes to an English officer, Allen Octavian Hume. ● The first Conference of the Indian National Congress was held at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College, Bombay under the chairmanship of W. C. Banerjee. ● Bal Gangadhar Tilak started Ganesh Mahotsav in 1893 and Shivaji Samaroh in 1895. ● Pandit Jugal Kishore published the first newspaper of India—Udant Martand. It was a paper which gave top priority to Indian interests. ● During Lord Curzon’s time in 1905, Bengal was divided. ● In 1911, in Lord Hardinge’s time, the partition of Bengal was cancelled. ● Lala Lajpat Rai and Ajeet Singh were exiled to Burma in 1907. ● In 1911 the capital of India was shifted to Delhi from Calcutta. ● On Nov. 1913, the Ghadar Party was founded at Sanfransisco city of America by the great revolutionary of Punjab named Lala Hardayal. ● Kashi Ram and Hardayal were the active members of the Ghadar Party. ● In 1906, Agha Khan founded the All India Muslim League. ● In 1916, a pact was signed between Muslim League and Congress which is known in history as the Lucknow Pact. ● In 1916 Bal Gangadhar Tilak established the Home Rule League of India. ● After Lucknow Pact, Congress and League presented the plan of political reforms based on separate electoral regions. This pact led to an increase in communalism. ● In 1914 Annie Besant brought out a newspaper in English named ‘New India’. ● Gandhiji established the Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad. ● On 30 March, 1919, Satyagraha Day was observed in whole of India. The Satyagraha was peaceful at all places except Punjab and Delhi. ● Dr. Satyapal and Dr. Saifuddin, the leaders of the Punjab Satyagraha were imprisoned. In protest, a


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● Gandhiji established the Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad. ● On 30 March, 1919, Satyagraha Day was observed in whole of India. The Satyagraha was peaceful at all places except Punjab and Delhi. ● Dr. Satyapal and Dr. Saifuddin, the leaders of the Punjab Satyagraha were imprisoned. In protest, a meeting was organized at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar . The people who assembled here were gunned down. This is known as ‘Jalhianwalla bagh Massacre’ of April 1919. ● After the world war I, the Indian Muslims were excited due to the treatment meted out to Caliph by the British in Turkey. In 1919 they started the Khilafat movement under the leadership of Maulana Shaukat Ali and Muhammad Ali. ● The Congress joined the Muslims in Khilafat movement. On 31 August, 1919, the Khilafat Day was observed. ● Mahatma Gandhi launched the Non-cooperation Mass Movement in 1920-21. But violence broke out at Chauri Chaura then in Gorakhpur district which saddened Gandhiji. In February 1922 he announced the closure of the movement. ● In March 1922 Motilal Nehru and Deshbandhu Chitranjan Das established the Swaraj Party. ● In the elections of 1923 the Swaraj Party scored 40 seats out of 148. ● In 1927 the Bardoli Satyagraha was conducted by Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel. ● In 1928 under the chairmanship of Sir John Simon a Commission came to India to inspect the administrative work. The Indians boycotted it as no Indian was a member of the Commission. In March 1928 the Commission went back. ● In the 1929 Lahore Congress session held under the chairmanship of Jawaharlal Nehru, the meaning of Swaraj was declared as total independence. ● In 1930 Gandhiji broke the Salt laws by his Dandi March and he started the Civil Disobedience movement. ● In 1930, the Congress boycotted the first Round Table Conference. ● In 1931, after Gandhi-Irwin pact Gandhiji went to attend the second Round Table Conference along with the members of Muslim League. ● In the third Round table conference in 1932, Congress did not send any representative. Only 46 members went to participate under different categories. ● The meeting of the Executive of Congress held on 1 January, 1932 decided to again start the Civil Disobedience Movement due to the completely negative attitude of the Government. ● The British Prime Minister Ramsay Macdonald declared the communal award on 16 August, 1932. ● On 25 September, 1932, the Poona Pact was signed. Common agreement was made on two conditions for preparing the electoral regions. The representative of the Depressed classes was B.R. Ambedkar. ● In 1932 Gandhiji founded the Harijan Sewak Sangh for the uplift of the Harijans. ● On 8 May, 1933 Gandhiji declared the programme of 21 days fast for his self-purification. ● Gandhiji began ‘Individual Satyagraha and Civil Disobedience on 1 August, 1933. ● The Government of India Act of 1935 had 312 articles and 19 enclosures. ● In 1935, the British provinces were 11 e.g., Madras, Bombay, Bengal, Bihar, Punjab, Orissa, Central Provinces, Assam, North West Frontier Provinces, United Provinces and Sindh. ● The Government of India Act of 1935, the subjects were divided into three departments—Federal, Provincial and Concurrent. ● This Act divided the British provinces of India in two categories. 11 were the provinces under the Governor and 5 provinces were under Lieutenant Commissioners. ● The Govt. of India Act, 1935, proposed Federal system and Provincial autonomy. The plan of Federal system could not be implemented. The elections for the Provincial legislative Councils were held in the January-February of 1937. ● The Congress won majority in 5 provinces—Madras, United Provinces, Central Provinces, Bihar and Orissa in the general election of 1937.


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held in the January-February of 1937. ● The Congress won majority in 5 provinces—Madras, United Provinces, Central Provinces, Bihar and Orissa in the general election of 1937. ● In Punjab, the Unionist Party and Muslim League jointly formed the Government. This Government worked without any obstruction till 1947. ● In Bengal the Krishak Praja Party and the Muslim League jointly formed the Government. Its Cabinet worked till 14 August, 1947. Sikandar Hayaat Khan was the head of this Government. ● The Congress Cabinets worked from 1937 to 1939. ● In 1934, the members of Congress Executive, Acharya Narendra Dev, Jai Prakash and Achyut Patvardhan organized the Congress Socialist Party. ● In the Haripura session of the Congress (1938), S. C. Bose was unanimously elected the President. ● Subhash Chandra Bose organized a National Planning Committee. ● In 1939 Bose was relected Congress President defeating Gandhi’s candidate P. Sitaramayya. ● In April 1939, Subhash Chandra Bose resigned from the post of the President and started a militant party known as Forward Block. ● In 1939, Jawaharlal Nehru became the President of the Tribal Conference of Indian States. ● In 1933, a Muslim student named Choudhary Rahmat Ali studying in England proposed the formation of a separate Muslim State and called it Pakistan. ● On 24th March, 1940, in the Lahore Conference of the Muslim League, the Pakistan proposal was passed. ● Lord Linlithgo presented the August proposal before the Congress on 8 August, 1940 for getting cooperation during the war. ● The Individual Satyagraha was started from 17 October, 1940. Acharya Vinoba Bhave was the first Satyagrahi. Gandhiji postponed it on 17 December, 1940. ● It was restarted on 5 January, 1941. During this period more than 20 thousand people were arrested. ● Cripps Mission visited India in 1942. It was onemember Commission and only Sir Strafford Cripps was the member. ● The Congress and the League, both rejected the Cripps Proposals. ● The Quit India movement resolution was passed on 14 July, 1942 in the Executive of the Congress Session held at Wardha. It was reaffirmed on 8 August, 1942. ● The interim government of free India was organized on 21 October, 1943 by Subhash Chandra Bose in Singapore. ● 21 Indian political leaders were invited to attend a Conference at Simla in June 1945. It ended in failure. ● In December 1945, the General Elections were held in India. The Congress received the majority in 6 provinces. ● On 18 February, 1946, the non Commissioned officers and Naval soldiers of the Royal Indian Navy who were called Rattings, began a militant revolt at Bombay. ● In order to remove the Constitutional crisis the British Government sent the Cabinet Mission to India. ● It came on 29 March, 1946 to New Delhi and it declared its proposals. ● Muslim League observed the Direct Action Day on 16 August 1946. ● The Interim Government of India was organized under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru. The Cabinet took oath on 2nd September, 1946. ● The Constituent Assembly first met under the chairmanship of Dr. Rajendra Prasad on 6th December, 1946. ● Atlee declared on 20 February, 1947 that the English would leave India after transferring the power to responsible people before June 1948. ● The Mountbatten Plan of 3 June, 1947 was mainly the Plan of partition. It was agreed upon by the Executive of the Indian National Congress on 14-15 June in a meeting at Delhi.


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to responsible people before June 1948. ● The Mountbatten Plan of 3 June, 1947 was mainly the Plan of partition. It was agreed upon by the Executive of the Indian National Congress on 14-15 June in a meeting at Delhi. ● In July 1947, the Indian Independence Act was passed by the British Parliament. ● India became independent on 15 August, 1947. ● On 26 January, 1950, the state of Hyderabad merged in the Indian Federation. ● On 20 April 1954, the Panchsheel Pact was signed between India and China. ● On 20 October, 1962 China invaded upon India. Soon it occupied Assam Valley and Laddakh. On 21 November, 1962, China declared one sided ceasefire.

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