THEORITICAL NOTE’S Prepared by DYLANDAMASCENE MARTIN E-mail:
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What is beverage? Any portable liquid which is alcoholic or non-alcoholic is known as beverages Beverages are mainly consumed to quench thirst, feel fresh, to compensate the loss of body fluid due to perspiration Beverage are basically classified into two types
alcoholic
nonalcoholic
The word alcohol is derived from the Arabic al-kohl. Alcohol is generally defined as a liquid obtained through the fermentation of a sugar containing liquid . These are the beverage that contain ethyl alcohol or ethanol The percentage of alcohol in a drink varies from 0.5% to 95% depending on the method by which the alcohol is obtained Alcoholic drink are classified into three types they are
Fermented drink
Brewed and fermented drink
Distilled drink
Alcoholic beverage classifications Fermented drink
Wine
cider
(Fermented grape juice)
Red wine
(Fermented apple juice)
White wine
Perry (Fermented pear juice)
Rose wine
Brewed & fermented drinks
Beer
sake
Obtained from cereals
Ales
lagers
Distilled beverages
Spirits
liqueur
Eaux-de vie Fruit brandy
Whisky
rum
gin
vodka
tequila
brandy
Aurum
Tia Maria
apple juice
hat is fermentation? Fermentation is a process in which sugar is converted into alcohol. It is a chemi al reaction of yeast on sugar This process is basic of preparin all alcoholic beverages The alcoholic level of all fermen ed drink is normally between 4 to 14 %
Fermentation process
gives out
• yeast
• sugar
• alco ol and releases
act's on
co2
Yeast acts on sugar and conver s one molecule of sugar into two molecule of ethyl alcohol and tw molecule of carbon dioxide ( )
The alcohol level in fermented drink rises up to 14%. Once the alcohol level r aches 14% the yeast is killed later it brings the fermentation process to a halt (or) end.
These three ar very necessary for fermentation to take place
. yeast
. sugar
. temp
rature
If there is absence f any one of these, fermentation will not take lace
Ex mples of fermented beverage are
WINE
CIDER
PERRY
What is brewing? Steeping and boiling grain and infusing them in hot water to get (or) extract the sugar, flavor and other substan es. During this process the
alts are being mashed
The temperature at this tage is around 65 ( 150 )
Example of Brewed & f rmented drinks are
Beer
Sake
What is distillation? The process in which alcohol is separated from the fermented juice or liquid by heating it. The process of distillation is that the ethyl alcohol or ethanol is boiled at a low temperature at 78 . All spirits are produced by the distillation of alcoholic beverages Example of distilled are
Brandy
Whiskey
Gin
Rum
Vodka
Tequila
What is stilling? The stilling is a process of separating alcohol from water. There are two types of still used for distilling spirits.
The pot still
The patent still
POT STILLING
PATENT STILLING
FERMANTED DRINKS WHINE is an alcoholic beverage obtained from fermented juice of freshly collec ted or gathered grapes It can also be made using fruits, flower petals etc., it is prepared by crushing the fruit and fermenting its juices. They are classified on the basis of colour, taste, aroma present in it
Classification of wine’s
WHINE
Stilled wine • white • red • rose
sparkling wine • champagne
fortifie wine • sherry • port • madeira • marsala • malag
It is also known as Table win or Dinner wine it is a whine which is obtai ed by the natural fermentation process
ithout adding anything else to it. Still wine do not
contain carbon dioxide ( ) . While preparing these wine the carbon di xide produced during fermentation are allow d to escape and then being filled in the wi e bottles. The alcoholic percentage is norm lly between 10 to 14%
Red wine : these wine are made using black grapes the skin is all wed to remain
in the fermenting must as the coloring pigment present in the ski gives the colour to the wine By following this method the red colour is obtained
Red wine are best served at room temperature that is 60 65
Rose wine : these wine are made using red grapes they are even produced from
the mixture of white and red grapes the skin is allowed to macerate in the must until the desired colour is being obtained By following this method the red colour is obtained Rose wine is served chilled at 8 9
White wine: These wines are made using white grapes and even black grapes if
wine is prepared using black grapes the skin of the black grapes has to be removed before crushing. the skin is being removed to prevent the wi ne from getting colored By following this method the white colour is obtained White wine are served chilled at 8 9
Sparkling wine contains carbon dioxide ( ). They are being bottled with the ( ). Carbon dioxide ( ) is not allowed to escape. The gas is prevented from escape the alcohol present in the bottle is between 10 to 13 %. The glass bottles used for sparkling wine has to be thick to withstand the pressure of the gas present behind the cork Best among sparkling wine is champagne Sparkling wine are served chilled at 6 8
still wine
brandy
fortified wine
Fortified wine are still wine to which brandy is added
This process increases the alcohol strength. It contains 15 to 24% of alcohol. It stops fermentation and it increases the wines shelf lif e These drinks are served both as a pre meal and post meal drink Best known fortified wines are Sherry, Masala, Port, and Madeira. Classification of fortified wine
sherry
port
Madeira
Marsala
Malaga
SHERRY Sherry is an example of most demanded fortified wine. It comes from ‘J erez’ district in the south of Spain the word cherry is an Anglicization of Jerez Type of sherry Fino
Pale in colour
Manzanilla
Very Pale in colour
Amontillado
Yellow in colour
Olorosso
Dark in colour
PORT Porto is an accompaniment of blue-veined cheese which is served traditionally served it is produced from the group grown in Upper douro valley of northern Portugal MADEIRA Madeira is a Portuguese fortified wind which comes from the island of Madeira in th e Atlantic Ocean MARSALA Marsala is a fortified wine which comes from North W est Sicily. It is made from the blend of white wine, brandy, heated must, which is then matured MALAGA Malaga is a sweet fortified wine that comes from Malaga on the Mediterranean coast of Spain.
It is made from the grapes dried on the straw mats in the sun it is then mixed with concentrated grape juice after fermentation and then fortified
Cider It is obtained from the fermentation of apple juice
Perry Perry is obtained from the fermentation of pear juice. It is made that same way as cider.
BREWED & FERMENTED DRINKS It is similar to fortified drinks but the difference is whine is usually malted & crushed cereals, it is brewed in hot water to get maximum soluble sugar from the malt, and its then cooled and allowed to ferment with the addition of yeast
Examples of Brewed & fermented drinks are
Beer
Sake
BEER’S LAGER
STOUT
ALE
DIET
DRAFT
Beer is brewed and fermented drink. Most beer are made from barley malt .ground up malt is added to hot water to make them get easily mashed. This process is called as ‘mashing’. The alcohol content in deer is between 4 to 10%
Classification of beers Lager: bottom fermented beer Lagers are probably the most common type of beer consumed. They were originated from the Central European country, which was named after the German "Lagern" (to store) Lagers are bottom-fermented, where the yeast culture ferments at the bottom of the fermenting vessel (or) tank. They were traditionally stored at a low temperature for weeks. The alcohol content of lager beer is 3–6% Ale beer: Top-fermented beers. Top-fermented beers tend to be more flavorsome. The beer have strong hop flavor including a variety of grain flavors and fermentation flavors. Stout: stout beer is produced by roasting the millets to give dark colour to it. The beer has strong malt flavor. Draft beer: These beers has to be kept refrigerated between Draft beer has only 2 weeks shelf life.
35°F and 40°F
Diet beer these are produced by special fermentation process.
It contains high alcohol content. They are as same as lager beer which is low in calorie.
SAKE Sake is a Japanese drink which is obtained from their main crop rice.
BRANDY
GIN,WHISKY
(fermentedgrape juice )
(fermanted cerial)
TEQUILA (fermanted sap of agave tequilan weber)
RUM (fermanted molasses)
VODKA (fermanted potates or cerials)
it is a spirit distilled from grapes (wine). Flavored brandies are named after the fruit used to flavor it; some examples are cherry brandy, peach brandy, and apricot brandy. It is stored between 15 18 It is best served at room temperature Cognac is the famous famous brandy which is from France.
it is a spirit distilled from cereals and flav ored with flavouring agents like juniper berries, orange peel, lime, coriander seeds Gin originated from Holland
Types of gin Holland gin London dry gin it is distilled twice using pot stilling sti lling methods it is first distilled in patent stiller an d then distilled for the second time in the pot stiller.
it is a spirit distilled from fermented barley, corn during fermentation the drink gets its amber colour. Type of whisky Scotch Irish Canadian or rye American or us Bourbon whiskey
Japanese Indian
Scotch: it is world’s finest whisky Scotch whisky is distilled in Scotland
Irish : Irish whisky is distilled in Ireland The Irish spells whisky as
Canadian: Canadian whisky is distilled in Canada American or us: American whisky is distilled in America The American’s spell whisky as
Bourbon whisky is named after the country bourbon which is prepared in Kentucky Tennessee whiskey is whisky is distilled in Tennessee
Japanese : Japanese whisky is distilled in Japan
Indian: Indian whisky is distilled in India
Tequila originated from Mexico It is a spirit distilled from the fermented juice of Agave Tequilana Weber (Agave Tequilana Weber – it is a plant a type of plant)
it is a spirit distilled from molasses or sugarcane juice (Molasses - which is a byproduct of sugarcane) Types of rum: White or light rum Golden rum Dark rum Spiced rums Flavored rums
Light rums are light or clear in color. They are also referred to as white rum. They are often aged (or) stored for long years in glass lined barrel to prevent the rum from absorbing the colour of the barrel while storing them They have very little flavor and are used in cocktails Gold rums are also known as amber rums. They are often aged (or) stored for long years in charred oak barrels. To get the golden colour. Sometimes some or small amount of caramel is also added to it They have stronger flavor compared to light rums. dark rum is darker in color such as black, red. They are aged (or) stored for long years in heavily c harred oak barrels. To get the dark colour. Sometimes some amount of caramel is also added to it. They are stronger and sweeter than light and gold rums. These rums obtain the flavor from spices or caramel. They are dark in color and may have spices such as cinnamon, rosemary, absinthe/aniseed, or pepper. rums which infused (or) mixed with additional flavors such as banana, coconut, citrus, etc.
it is a spirit distilled from barley, corn, ray, potatoes It is a clear drink which is tast less odder less Vodka originated from Russia. The term ‘vodka’ is derived from the Slavic word voda (water) It is a national drink of Russia and Spain.
Vodka is normally mixed with orange juice, Types of vodka:
Neutral vodka Flavored vodka it is distilled from grains or potato juice. Neutral vodka are highly rectified by filtering it through a activated charcoal This is done to get rid of the flavor and smell of potato. these are vodka that is flavored using natural flavored material. The flavorings added are to be named before it. For example orange flavored vodka, zubrowka vodka
Brand names Of Some Alcoholic beverages
FERMANTE DRINKS
RED WINE
RED WINE
WHITE WINE
CIDER
PERRY
SPARKLING WINE
CHAMPAGNE
FORTIFIED WINE
MARSALA
MADEIRA
PORT
BREWED & FERMANTED
BEER
SAKE
DISTILLED DRINKS
GIN
WHISKY
