ANSI/AGMA ANSI/AGMA 2000--A88 March 1988 (Errata 1992)
(Partial Revision of AGMA 390.03) -- CAU CAUTION TION --
While While this this docum document ent is the curren currentt pub publis lished hed AGMA Standard on this subject, it has been more than 5 years since it was revised or reaffirm reaffirmed. ed. This Standard is intended for use by the experienced gear designer signer/en /engin gineer eer who who has specif specific ic curren currentt knowle knowledge dge of recent technology and is capable of exercising appropriate judgment in its application. It is not intended for use by the “engineering public at large.”
AMERICAN NATIONAL NATIONAL STANDARD STANDARD GEAR CLASSIFICATION AND INSPECTION HANDBOOK Tolerances And Measuring Methods For Unassembled Spur And Helical Gears (Including Metric Equivalents)
GEAR CLASSIFICATION AND INSPECTION HANDBOOK Tolerances And Measuring Methods For Unassembled Spur And Helical Gears (Including Metric Equivalents) AGMA 2000-2000--- A88 (Partial Revision of AGMA 390.03) [Tables or other self---supporting sections may be quoted or extracted in their entirety. Credit line should read: Extracted from AGMA AGMA Standard 2000-2000--- A88, Gear Classification and Inspection Handbook, Tolerances and Measuring Methods for Unassembled Spur and Helical Gears (Including Metric Equivalents), with the permissio permission n of the publish publisher, er, America American n Gear Manufac Manufacture turers rs Associa Association tion,, 1500 1500 King Street, Suite Suite 201, 201, Alexandria, Virginia 22314.] AGMA standards are subject to constant improvement, revision or withdrawal as dictated by experience. Any person who refers to an AGMA technical publication should be sure that the publication is the latest available from the Association on the subject.
ABSTRACT This Standard, for spur and helical gearing, correlates gear quality levels with gear tooth tolerances. It provides information on manufacturing practices as well as gear measuring methods and practices. Appendix material provides guidance on specifying a quality level and information on additional methods of gear inspection.
Copyright Copyright 1988
American Gear Manufacturers Association 1500 King Street, Suite 201 Alexandria, Virginia 22314
March, 1988 Second Printing September 1988 Third Printing July July 1990 (with Errata A and B) Fourth Printing March 1991 ISBN: 1 --- 55589 --- 495 --- X
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ERRATA A January, January, 1989
Classification and Inspection Inspection Handbook Handbook, The followin followingg editoria editoriall correct corrections ions have beenmade to ANSI/A ANSI/AGMA GMA 2000-2000---A88, Gear Classification (originally printed printed March 1988 and September September 1988). These changes, changes, discovered after after publication, have have been made in this printing, as shown below:
PAGE
ITEM
29
Eq 5.10 5.10
CHANGE The The firs firstt term term fol follow lowing ing the the equ equal sig sign sho should uld read read 5.03 5.0337 37,, with with the the full full equation reading,
32
Eq 5.2M
= 5.0337 log 10 P nd − 0.5153 Y = The last term should read (1.42)(8 --- Q) . The full equation should read, 0.177 0.401 8−Q m (1.42) V pA = 7.289 z i 1.42) m n The The seco second nd term term foll follow owin ingg the the equa equall sign sign shou should ld read read 5.03 5.0337 37,, with with the the full equation reading,
33
Eq 5.10 5.10M M
33
Eq 5.12 5.12M M
= 6.5562 − 5.0337 log 10 m n Y = The The firs firstt term term foll follow owin ingg the the equa equall sign sign shou should ld read read 36.8 36.83; 3; the the sec second ond term should read 0.03937, with the parentheses moved to include it. The full equation should read, 0.15
V cqT = 36.83 0.03937 z i m n
× 58
Table able 6-6---3
60 throu through gh 81
symb symbol olss
102
Fig 9 --- 10
103
Fig 9 --- 14
ERRATA B June, 1990
(1.16) 1.16)
10−Y
(1.4) 1.4)
0.1477 m n
8−Q
The The miss missin ingg valu values es for for line line 5.0 5.0 Diam Diamet etra rall Pitch itch,, Qual Qualit ityy 7 thru thru 15 are: are: A = 0.0075, B = 0.0037 and C= 0.0019. The The seco second nd symbo symboll in the the tab table le head heading ing,, for modu module le,, shou should ld read read m n (lower case m) in all metric tables. tables. The y---axis of the figure,“INDEX READING”, should read “ INDICATOR READINGS” as in Fig 9---12. The y---axis of the figure should should be labeled labeled “ INDEX VARIATION, V x ”
Inspection These additional editorial corrections have been made to ANSI/AGMA 2000---A88, Gear Classification and Inspection Handbook. These changes, changes, determined after after publication and Errata A, have been made in this printing, as shown below:
Uponcompletereviewand Uponcompletereviewand ballot,the ballot,the active active mem membersof bersof theAGMAInspectionand theAGMAInspectionand HandbookCommi HandbookCommitte tteee havedecided havedecided that that the transver transverse se plane plane is where where the tooth tooth thicknes thicknesss toleranceis toleranceis applied. applied. This This changed changed the the word “norm “normal” al” to the word “tran “transver sverse” se” on page 15 in the second line of the definition for Tooth Tooth Thickness Variation, Variation, and on page 35 in the third line of paragraph 6.2.4.
Additional corrections were also discovered after aft er publication and Errata A: PAGE
ITEM
32
Eq 5.5M 5.5M
CHANGE The The firs firstt term term foll follow owin ingg the the equa equall sign sign shou should ld read read 0.09 0.0974 74,, with with the the full full equation reading, V ψT = 0.0974 − 0.0062Q3 + 0.34641Q2 − 6.8371Q + 48.148 b b0.72
47 & 71
Table able 6-6---2 & Table 6-6--- 2M
The The valu values es for for Diame Diametra trall Pitc Pitch h 0.5 0.5 thru thru 8.0 (Modu (Module le 3.0 thru thru 50), 50), Quality 5 are are remove removed d to agree with the formula formula limits established established in Sections Sections 5 and 5M.
91
Table able 8-8---1M
The The valu values es liste listed d in inche inchess were were chan change ged d to the the appr approp opria riate te mill millime imeter ter and micrometer values.
ERRATA C May, 1992
Additional Additional editorial editorial corrections corrections to figures 9 --- 18, 9 --- 19 and 9 --- 20 have been made to ANSI/GMA ANSI/GMA 2000 --- A88, Gear Classification Classification and Inspection Inspection Handbook Handbook. These changes, changes, determined determined after publication publication of Errata B, have been made in this printing.
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Personnel of AGMA Inspection and Handbook Committee and Classification of Unassembled Gears Subcommittee Chairman: P. M. Dean, Jr. (Consultant) Chairman Chairman Subcommittee Subcommittee Classification System: System: J. C. Leming (Deceased) (Deceased) Chairman Chairman Subcommittee Subcommittee Measuring Measuring Methods: Methods: R. E. Smith (R. E. Smith Company) Company) Editor: W. A. Bradley (Consultant) Tolerance Tables: Tables: I. Laskin (Consultant)
ACTIVE MEMBERS L. E. Andrew (Garrett), Deceased F. E. Benton (Fellows), Deceased J. F. Boesen (Overton Gear) C. W. Carpenter (Xtek) J. F. Craig (Cummins Engine) J. Dykuizen (Fairfield) R. Green (Eaton) J. S. Hamilton (Wallace Murray) G. W. Kappel (Arrow Gear) H. Krey (Cincinnati (Cincinnati Gear) E. Lawson (M & M Precision) Precision) R. L. Leslie (Speco) D. R. McVittie (Gear Engineers, Inc.) J. R. Miller (MAAG) T. Porter (Illinois Tool Works) V. Z. Rychlinski (Brad Foote) P. Scheran (Pratt & Whitney) E. R. Sewall (Sewall Gear) F. A. Sirianni (Skidmore Gear) L. J. Smith (Invincible Gear) D. S. Whitney (Fellows) K. D. Young (Chicago Gear)
ASSOCIATE MEMBERS J. M. Adorjan (Dresser) W. Coleman (Honorary Member), Deceased J. E. Eaton (Auburn Gear) J. E. Gutzwiller (Boston Gear) G. Henriot (Engrenages et Reducteurs) W. L. Janninck (Illinois Eclipse) A. J. Lemanski (Sikorsky) A. J. Lucas (Cincinnati Gear) T. F. McKee (Dresser) B. D. Pyeatt (Amarillo (Amarillo Gear) W. L. Shoulders (Reliance Electric) M. Tanaka (Nippon Gear) S. Tomio (Tsubakimoto---Morse) H. J. Trapp (Klingelnberg Soehne) R. D. Wilson (Dresser)
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FOREWORD [The forewor foreword, d, footnotes, footnotes, and append appendice icess are provid provided ed for informa information tional al purpos purposes es only, only, and should should not be constru construed ed as a part part of Americ American an Gear Manufac Manufacture turers rs Associ Associatio ation n Standa Standard rd 20002000---- A88, A88, Gear Classifica Classification tion and Inspection Handbook.] This Handbook provides tolerances for different gear quality levels from Q3 to Q15 for unassembled spur and helica helicall gears. It further describes describes methods methods and practices practices for measuring measuring the the various gear elements elements for for which tolerances are provided. Applicable definitions are provided. The purpose is to provide a common basis for specifying quality, and for the procurement of unassembled gears. It is not a design manual for determining the specific quality levels for a given application. It is not intended for use as a reference in procurement of enclosed drives. The AGMA Standard 390.03 was published in 1973 as a consolidation and updating of several withdrawn AGMA publications, including: AGMA 235.02 (Feb., 1966), Information Sheet for Master Gears AGMA 239.01 (Oct., 1965), Measuring Methods and Practices Manual for Control of Spur, Helical and Herringbone Gears AGMA 239.01A 239.0 1A (Sept., ( Sept., 1966), Measuring Methods and Practices Manual for Control of Bevel and Hypoid Gears, and parts of AGMA 236.04(05), Inspection of Fine ---Pitch Gears AGMA 390.02 (Sept., 1964), Gear Classification Manual originally published as AGMA 390.01 (1961) Data was added for Gear Rack and Fine --- Pitch Worms Worms and Wormgears. Wormgears. The former separate sections of AGMA 390.02 for CoarseCoarse --- Pitch and FineFine --- Pitch spur, Helical and Herringbone Gearing was blended to offer a single, compatible compatible classificatio classification n system The tolerance tolerance source identifier “Q” was added to indicate that the tolerances in 390.03 apply. If Q is not used as a prefix in the quality number, tolerances in AGMA 390.01 and 390.02 apply. This Handbo Handbook ok is an update update of those those section sectionss from AGMA AGMA 390.03 390.03 for parall parallel el axis gea gears rs only. only. Additio Additional nally, ly, the formulas have also been developed developed to derive the tolerances tolerances in metric terms. The format of the tolerance tolerance tables tables has bee been n revised revised for improv improved ed presen presentatio tation n but basic basic tolera tolerancelevel ncelevelss are unchan unchangedfrom gedfrom AGMA AGMA 390.03. 390.03. The other material in AGMA AGMA 390.03 on Bevels, Bevels, Racks Racks and Worms is not not covered covered here, and is left unchanged unchanged in AGMA 390.03. A revision of 390.03 was initiated by a joint panel of representatives of AGMA and General Motors Corporation, meeting from 1975 to 1977. Subsequently, it was revised by personnel of the AGMA Gear Classification Handbook Committee as AGMA 2000. This version was approved by AGMA membership in January 1988 and as a American National Standard Institute (ANSI) standard on March 31, 1988*. uggestions ns for improve improvemen mentt of this Standa Standard rd will will be welco welcome. me. They They should should be be sent sent to the Amer America ican n Gear Gear Suggestio Manufacturers Manufacturers Association, Association, 1500 King Street, Suite 201, Alexandria, Virginia Virginia 22314.
* For the convenience of the reader, this Standard has been published on colored paper. Appropriate Sections in conventional units of measure are in yellow; SI (metric) in rose; and common material in white. The Appendices are in i n blue.
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Table of Contents Section Title
Page
1. Sco Scope 1. 1 Equations for Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 2 Tolerance Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 3 Tolerances for Master Gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 4 Measuring Methods and Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 5 Materials and Heat Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 6 Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Symbols, Symbols, Terminology erminology and Definitions Definitions 2. 1 Fundamental Terms and Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 2 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Manufacturing Manufacturing and Purchasing Purchasing Considerations Considerations 3. 1 Manufacturing Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 2 Process Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 3 Inspection Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 4 Additional Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 5 Interpretation of Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 6 Acceptance Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Application Application of the the AGMA AGMA Classification Classification System 4. 1 Basis of Classification System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. 2 The AGMA Quality Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. 3 Additional Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. 4 Accuracy Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Formula Formulass for Gear Gear Accurac Accuracyy Toleran Tolerances ces 5. 1 Derivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 2 Symbols Used in Tolerance Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 3 Rounding of Tolerance Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 Runout, Radial ial, Toleran rance, V ....................................... rT 5.5
1 1 1 1 1 1 2 5 16 16 16 19 23 23 24 25 25 25 27 27 27 27
Pitc itch Varia riatio tion, Allowable, V ....................................... pA Profile Tolerance, V ÔT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
Tooth ooth Alig Alignm nmen entt Tolera oleranc nce, e, (For (Forme merl rlyy Total otal Lead Lead Toler oleran ance ce), ), V ......... ψT Compos Composite ite Toleran olerance, ce, Toothooth---- to-to--- Tooth ooth (Double (Double Flank) Flank),, V .............. qT
28
Comp Compos osit itee Toler oleran ance ce,, Total otal (Dou (Doubl blee Flan Flank) k),, V ....................... cqT Tooth oth Thic Thickn knes esss Toler oleran ancce, t T , inches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28 29
5M. Metric Formulas for Gear Accuracy Tolerances 5. 1 M Metric Derivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 2 M Symbols Used in Metric Tolerance Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 3 M Rounding of Metric Tolerance Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4M 5.4M Metr Me tric ic Runou unout, t, Radia adial, l, Toler oleran ancce, V ................................. rT
31 31 31 31
5. 6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.10 5.10
5.5M 5.5M 5.6M 5.6M 5.7M 5.8M 5.9M 5.9M 5.10M 5.10M
AGMA
Metr Me tric ic Pitch itch Varia ariati tion on,, Allo Allowa wabl ble, e, V ................................. pA Metr Me tric ic Profi rofile le Toler oleran ancce, V ÔT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28 28
32 32
Metric Metric Tooth ooth Alignme Alignment nt Toleran olerance, ce, (Form (Formerl erlyy Total otal Lead Toleranc olerance), e), V . . . . 32 ψT Metric Metric Compos Composite ite Toleranc olerance, e, Toothooth---- to-to--- Tooth ooth (Doubl (Doublee Flank), Flank), V . . . . . . . 32 qT Metric Met ric Comp Compos osite ite Tolera oleranc nce, e, Total otal (Doub (Double le Flan Flank) k),, V ................. cqT Metric Met ric Tooth ooth Thick Thickne ness ss Toler oleran ance ce,, t T values are in millimeters (mm) . . . . . . .
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Gear Classification and Inspection Handbook for Unassembled Spur and Helical Gears
Table of Contents (cont) Section Title 6.
Page
Accuracy Tolerance Tables for Gears 6. 1 6. 2
Use of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accuracy Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 35
6M. Metric Accuracy Tolerance Tables for Gears 6.1M 6. 2 M 7.
59 59
Materials, Materials, Heat Treatme Treatment nt and Hardness Hardness Classificatio Classification n 7. 1 7. 2 7. 3
8.
Us Use of Metric Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Metric Accuracy Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Designation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83 83 83
Classification Classification and Accurac Accuracyy Tolera Tolerances nces for Spur Spur and Helical Helical Master Gears 8. 1 8. 2 8. 3 8. 4 8. 5
Classification of Master Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tooth Thickness Tolerance Range for Master Gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Designation of Master Gear Class Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recommended Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Suggested Marking of Master Gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
87 87 87 87 90
8M. Metric Accuracy Tolerances for Spur and Helical Master Gears 8. 1 M 8. 2 M 8. 3 M 8. 4 M 9.
Classification of Metric Master Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tooth Thickness Tolerance for Metric Master Gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Designation of Metric Master Gear Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recommended Metric Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
91 91 91 91
Measuring Measuring Methods and Practices Practices 9. 1 9. 2 9. 3 9. 4 9. 5 9. 6 9. 7
Inspection Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Runout of Teeth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Pitch Variation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Tooth Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Composite Action Methods of Gear Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Tooth Thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Appendices Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E Appendix F Appendix G
AGMA
AGMA Class Number System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Symbol Comparison Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Profile and Tooth Alignment Modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contact Pattern Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accumulated Accumulated Pitch Variation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Single Flank Composite Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Calibration of Master Ma ster Gears and Gear Rolling Fixtures Fi xtures (Double Flank) . . . . . .
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Table of Contents (cont) Section Title
Page
Tables 2 --- 1 2 --- 2
Alphabetical Table of Terms with Symbols, by Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alphabetical Table of Symbols with Terms, by Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 4
3-3---1 3 --- 2 3 --- 3 3 --- 4 3 --- 5 3 --- 6 3 --- 7 3 --- 8 3 --- 9
Individ ividu ual Element Toleranc ances Requir quireed by AGMA Quality ity Number . . . . . . . . . Composite Tolerances Required by AGMA Quality Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minimum Number of Measurements for Typical Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Radial Runout Inspection Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pitch Variation Inspection Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Profile Tolerance Inspection Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tooth Alignment Inspection Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Composite Action Inspection Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tooth Thickness Inspection Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17 17 18 19 20 20 21 21 22
6 --- 1 6 --- 2 6 --- 3 6 --- 1M 6 --- 2M 6 --- 3M
Element Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Composite Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tooth Thickness Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Element Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Composite Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tooth Thickness Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36 47 58 60 71 82
7 --- 1
Materials and Heat Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
8 --- 1
Master Gear Class Element Tolerances --- Coarse --- Pi Pitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Diameters 2---6 inch) Refer eferen encce Ma Mast ster er Gear Gear Clas Classs Com Composi posite te Toler oleran ancces for for Coar Coarsese---Pitc -Pitch h ....... (Diameters 2---8.25 inch) Additional Coarse --- Pi Pitch Master Gear Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tolerances for Fine Pitch Spur and Helical Master Gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recom ecomme mend ndat ation ion of Maste Masterr Gear Gear Clas Classes ses for Insp Inspec ectin tingg Specified Quality Work Gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
87
8-8---2 8 --- 3 8 --- 4 8-8---5
8 ----- 1M 1M 8-8---2M 8 --- 3M 3M 8-8---4M -4M 8-8--- 5M
9 --- 1
AGMA
Master Gear Class Element Tolerances --- Coarse ----- Mo Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Diameter 50-50--- 150mm) Refe efere renc ncee Ma Maste sterr Gear Gear Class Class Comp Compos osite ite Tolera oleranc nces es for Coar Coarsese----Module -Module . . . . (Diameter 50-50--- 150mm) Additional Coarse --- Mo Module Master Gear Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tolerances for Fine-e---Mod -Module Spur and Helical Master Gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recomm ecommend endatio ation n of Master Master Gear Classes Classes for Inspec Inspecting ting Specified Quality Metric Work Gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
87 88 88 90 91 91 92 92 94
Recommended Checking Load for Metallic Gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
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Gear Classification and Inspection Handbook for Unassembled Spur and Helical Gears
Table of Contents (cont) Section Title
Page
Figures 2 --- 1 2 --- 2 2 --- 3 2 --- 4 2 --- 5 2 --- 6 2 --- 7 2 --- 8 2 --- 9 2 --- 10 2 --- 11 2 --- 12 2 --- 13 2 --- 14 14 2 --- 15 2 --- 16 2 --- 17 2 --- 18 2 --- 19 2 --- 20 2 --- 21 2 --- 22
Base Helix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Schematic of Composite Action Test Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total Composite Variation Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Schematic of Index Variation Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Principal Pitches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pitch Variation (Plus and Minus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total Accumulated Pitch Variation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Principal Planes in Gear Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tooth Profile in Transverse Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Functional Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Profile “K” Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Profile (Plus and Minus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Schematic of Pitch Measurement, Two Profile Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Span Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Standard Profile Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tooth Alignment “K” Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tooth Alignment Variation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chordal and Circular Tooth Thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Variation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Allowable Variation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 6 6 7 8 8 9 9 10 11 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 14 15 15 15
4 --- 1
Illustration of AGMA Classification Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
9 --- 1 9 --- 2 9 --- 3 9 --- 4 9 --- 5 9 --- 6 9 --- 7 9 --- 8 9-9---9 9 --- 10 9 --- 11 9 --- 12 9 --- 13 9 --- 14 14 9 --- 15 9 --- 16 9-9---17 -17 9 --- 18 9 --- 19 9 --- 20
Reference Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tooth Identification Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Runout Check, Over Pin, Ball Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gear Rolling Fixture (Double Flank Testing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Circular Pitch Measurement, Two Probe Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Base Pitch Measurement, Two Probe Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Portable Pitch Measuring Device (Circular Pitch) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Schematic of Single Probe Measuring Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Relat elatio ions nshi hips ps of Pitch itch,, Spac Spacin ing, g, and and Inde Indexx Spac Spacin ing, g, or Accum ccumul ulat ated ed Pitch itch Pitch Variation, Two Probe Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pitch Variation, Single Probe Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Spacing Variation, Two Probe Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Spacing Variation, Single Probe Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accumulated Pitch Variation, Single Probe Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Schematic of Involute Inspection Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Profile Measuring Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Profile Inspection by Coordinates (Tangent to the Base Circle) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Graphic Charting of Points on a Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Typical Tooth Profile Measurement Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Involute Profile Tolerance Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
95 96 97 97 98 99 99 1 00 101 101 102 102 102 103 10 3 10 4 10 4 105 10 6 106 107
AGMA
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Gear Classification and Inspection Handbook for Unassembled Spur and Helical Gears
Table of Contents (cont) Section Title
Page
Figures (cont) 9 --- 21 9 --- 22 22 9 --- 23 9 --- 24 9 --- 25 9 --- 26 26 9-9---27
Profile Inspection by Optical Projection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Profile Inspection by Gear --- To Tooth Caliper Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Profile Inspection by Measurement Over Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tooth Alignment Variation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Graphic Charting of Tooth Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Probe Positioning for Tooth Alignment Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tooth ooth Alig Alignm nmen entt Toler oleran ance ce,, V Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ψT
107 108 108 108 109 10 9 110
9-9---28 -28 9-9---29 -29 9 ----- 30 30 9-9---31 -31 9 --- 32 9 --- 33 9 ----- 34 34 9-9---35 9 --- 36 36
Tooth Alignment of Right Hand Helical Gear, Short Lea Lead (-(---) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tooth Alignment of Righ ight Hand Helica ical Gear, Long Lead (+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tooth Alignment of Left Hand Helical Gear, Long Lead (+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tooth Alignment of Lef Left Hand Helical Gear, Short Lea Lead (-(---) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Strip Chart from Composite Action Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Circular Tooth Thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tooth Thickness Measurement, Gear Tooth Caliper Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tooth Thic Thick kness Measur surement, Gear Tooth Comparat rator Me Meth tho od . . . . . . . . . . . Tooth Thickness Inspection, Measurement Over Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11 1 1 11 112 11 2 113 116 116 117 117 118
AGMA
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