Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D

Demonstration Guidelines – Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D

Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing “Mine2-4D”

Demonstration Guidelines

Edition 1.0

Edition 1.0


Table of Contents 1 Introduction...................................... Introduction............................................................. .............................................. .............................................. ...............................................1 ........................1 2 Selling Points......................................... Points................................................................ .............................................. .............................................. ..................................... ..................2 ....2 3 Demonstration Topics......................................... Topics................................................................ ............................................... ...................................................4 ...........................4 4 Demonstration Procedures...................... Procedures............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ........................................5 .................5 4.1 Getting Started (Back).............................................. (Back)..................................................................... ............................................................. ...................................... 6 4.2 Project Setup (Back).......................................... (Back)................................................................. .............................................. ............................................ ......................9 .9 4.3 The Open Pit Design Processes (Back)...............................................................................26 4.3.1 Optimized Block Model Strings Generation................................................................27 4.3.2 Open Pit Design.......................................... Design................................................................. .............................................. ........................................... ....................31 31 4.3.3 Open Pit Design Strings Preparation............................................................................ Preparation............................................................................ 52 4.3.4 Design Definitions................... Definitions.......................................... .............................................. ..............................................................59 .......................................59 4.4 Data Validation Tools (Back)............................................ (Back)................................................................... ..................................................78 ...........................78 4.4.1 Design Data Validation.......................................... Validation................................................................. .............................................. ................................79 .........79 4.4.2 Block Model Data Validation......................................... Validation................................................................ .............................................. ....................... 86 4.5 The Planning Process (Back)............................................. (Back).................................................................... ..................................................90 ...........................90 4.5.1 Planning Preparation...................... Preparation............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .................................91 ..........91 4.5.2 Solids Creation....................... Creation.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .........................................98 ..................98 4.5.3 Evaluation of Solids.......................................... Solids................................................................. .............................................. ...................................106 ............106 4.5.4 Sequencing..................................... Sequencing............................................................ .............................................. .............................................. ...............................111 ........111 4.6 Reporting, Object Coloring and 3D Animation (Back)..................................................... (Back).....................................................151 151 4.6.1 Reporting...................................... Reporting............................................................. .............................................. ............................................ ................................ ...........151 151 4.6.2 Object Coloring....................................... Coloring.............................................................. .............................................. .............................................15 ......................159 9 4.6.3 3D Animation....................................... Animation.............................................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. .161 5 Additional Topics....................................... Topics.............................................................. .............................................. ............................................ ................................ ...........169 169 5.1 Creation of a New Project and User List (Back)...............................................................169 5.2 Definition of Legends.................................... Legends........................................................... .............................................. ............................................ ......................172 .172 5.3 Definition of Cross Sections (Back)..................................................................................176 (Back)..................................................................................176

Edition 1.0


Table of Contents 1 Introduction...................................... Introduction............................................................. .............................................. .............................................. ...............................................1 ........................1 2 Selling Points......................................... Points................................................................ .............................................. .............................................. ..................................... ..................2 ....2 3 Demonstration Topics......................................... Topics................................................................ ............................................... ...................................................4 ...........................4 4 Demonstration Procedures...................... Procedures............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ........................................5 .................5 4.1 Getting Started (Back).............................................. (Back)..................................................................... ............................................................. ...................................... 6 4.2 Project Setup (Back).......................................... (Back)................................................................. .............................................. ............................................ ......................9 .9 4.3 The Open Pit Design Processes (Back)...............................................................................26 4.3.1 Optimized Block Model Strings Generation................................................................27 4.3.2 Open Pit Design.......................................... Design................................................................. .............................................. ........................................... ....................31 31 4.3.3 Open Pit Design Strings Preparation............................................................................ Preparation............................................................................ 52 4.3.4 Design Definitions................... Definitions.......................................... .............................................. ..............................................................59 .......................................59 4.4 Data Validation Tools (Back)............................................ (Back)................................................................... ..................................................78 ...........................78 4.4.1 Design Data Validation.......................................... Validation................................................................. .............................................. ................................79 .........79 4.4.2 Block Model Data Validation......................................... Validation................................................................ .............................................. ....................... 86 4.5 The Planning Process (Back)............................................. (Back).................................................................... ..................................................90 ...........................90 4.5.1 Planning Preparation...................... Preparation............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .................................91 ..........91 4.5.2 Solids Creation....................... Creation.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .........................................98 ..................98 4.5.3 Evaluation of Solids.......................................... Solids................................................................. .............................................. ...................................106 ............106 4.5.4 Sequencing..................................... Sequencing............................................................ .............................................. .............................................. ...............................111 ........111 4.6 Reporting, Object Coloring and 3D Animation (Back)..................................................... (Back).....................................................151 151 4.6.1 Reporting...................................... Reporting............................................................. .............................................. ............................................ ................................ ...........151 151 4.6.2 Object Coloring....................................... Coloring.............................................................. .............................................. .............................................15 ......................159 9 4.6.3 3D Animation....................................... Animation.............................................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. .161 5 Additional Topics....................................... Topics.............................................................. .............................................. ............................................ ................................ ...........169 169 5.1 Creation of a New Project and User List (Back)...............................................................169 5.2 Definition of Legends.................................... Legends........................................................... .............................................. ............................................ ......................172 .172 5.3 Definition of Cross Sections (Back)..................................................................................176 (Back)..................................................................................176

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Introduction

This document is aimed at assisting you in giving an effective demonstration of the software solution Mine2-4D , used in the process of advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing . It is recommended that you acquaint yourself with the items listed below, which form part of the installed software, demonstration set or additional documentation located on DaDS:

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Edition 1.0

Software o

Mine2-4D version 11.0.1424.0

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Earthworks Production Scheduler 1.0.1417.1

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Help and Tutorials

Demonstration Set o

Demonstration Guidelines – this document (DaDS)

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Case Study (DaDS)

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Data Set (DaDS)

PowerPoint Presentations o

Value Proposition (DaDS)

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Sales Presentation (DaDS)

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Technical Presentation (DaDS)

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Selling Points

The following list contains some of the major selling points of Mine2-4D as a software solution for the process of advanced Open Pit Design:

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A modern Windows interface containing: o

Graphic (CAD like) environment for 3D interactive design work

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Specialist module for open pit design

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3D Visualizer

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Output window

Advanced Data Validation tools 

Design strings

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Block Models

A wide range of tools for automating the following processes: o

Management of parameters

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Data validation

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Open pit design

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Design preparation

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Dependency creation and Sequencing

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Creation of design solids

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Block model Evaluation

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Integration with Earthworks Production Scheduler

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Animations

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The ability to use Plugins and Scripts for custom specialist tasks

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Data Import and Export for a wide range of data formats and 3D data types

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Accessible table formats for all application data

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Web Update Service for direct software updating

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Edition 1.0

Detailed Help and Tutorial Documentation

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Demonstration Topics

This demonstration will show you the power and flexibility of the suite of tools, found within Mine2-4D, which can be used in the process of advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing. The demonstration will make use of the ultimate pit block model generated and exported in the Open Pit Optimization and Scheduling process (created in NPV Scheduler) for the shallow, hydrothermal Cu-Au deposit. The demonstration will use an existing Project to show the procedures, graphical and non-graphical tools that are used in the setup of a project, the construction of an open pit design, the preparation of the design outlines for planning, the creation and evaluation of the planning solids, the generation of a planning sequence and the tool available for validation of design and planning data. The completed example shows a pit design, planning outlines, solids and sequence for the Year 1pit.

It is suggested that you follow the topics below, in the order shown, in order to give an effective presentation of the various tools (follow the hyperlink, Ctrl + Click, to move to the Demonstration Procedure for the specific topic). The approximate demonstration time is shown in brackets.

Edition 1.0

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Getting Started (2 min)

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Project Setup (20 min)

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The Open Pit Design Process (90 min)

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Data Validation Tools (10 min)

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The Planning Process (90 min)

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Reporting, Object Coloring and 3D Animation (20 min)

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Demonstration Procedures Please note that all files (*.txt,*.dm) that have a name starting with a “vb” (e.g. vb_pitbase.dm) are standard demonstration files and should NOT be overwritten during the demonstration process. The demonstration guidelines make use of these standard files, although you may wish to use files that are created during the demonstration process.

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4.1

Getting Started ( Back )

Overview :

Starting a new open pit design and sequencing exercise may involve either the creation of a new project or the use of an existing Mine2-4D project. This may include the importing of external data (e.g. CAD drawings, block models) and the adding of existing Mine2-4D and Datamine format data files to the project. Please see 5.1 Creation of a New Project and User List for details on how to create a new project and user list.

Demonstration Procedure :

This demonstration will use the existing Viking Bounty project which is contained within the project document VikingBounty.m2d. The procedure is as follows:

Working with an Existing Project:

First Time:

1. Start Mine2-4D and select the existing project: Mine2-4D | Projects dialog | New/Existing tab | Open an Existing Project dialog

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box | select Open existing project radio button | click OK button | browse and select the existing project C:\Database\Integrated Demo\M24D Projects\VikingBounty_OpenPit \VikingBounty.m2d | click Open button

2. Log onto Mine2-4D:

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Mine2-4D Logon dialog | select Username Engineer1 | define Password Engineer1

| tick Remember Password box | click OK button to continue | in Tip of the Day dialog click Close button to complete the logon process

Thereafter :

1. Start Mine2-4D and select the existing project: •

Mine2-4D | Projects dialog | Recent tab | select the project Name VikingBounty

(C:\Database\Integrated Demo\M24D Projects\VikingBounty_OpenPit \VikingBounty.m2d) from the list | click OK button

2. Log onto Mine2-4D: •



It is recommended that this project be used for the remainder of the demonstration as reference is made to parameters and files in this existing project.

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Window Layout

1. An effective way of laying out the various Mine2-4D windows is shown below:

2. Turn on the Output Window: •

Menubar | Window | Output Window

3. Vertically Tile and Maximize the size of the Design window: •

Menubar | Window | Tile Vertically

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Design Window | select the Maximize Window button

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Set the Snap Mode to Points

in top right corner

4. Run the Visualizer window external to the Mine2-4D parent window: •

Menubar | Tools | Options … | Display tab | tick Run visualizer externally | OK

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(The Visualizer window will run externally on the next startup)

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4.2

Project Setup ( Back )

Overview :

Setting up a project includes the definition of default filenames, parameters and settings that are specific to the project and that are to be used to guide the different design and planning processes used within Mine2-4D. Part of the project set up is done at the start of or during the project work (s), while some of the set up is done only after certain processes have been completed (a) e.g. the design string types need to be created in the Design process before they can be defined in the General Setup dialog.

This part of the demonstration will review the existing project setup and add or modify settings where required. The following setup categories are available:

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General s,a

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Conventions o

Attributes s

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Properties s

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Naming s

Geology o

Interrogation s,a

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Default Values s

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External Data *

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Derived Activities *

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Scheduler *

( * = not included in this demonstration)

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Project Setup – General

Overview :

The General settings are used to define the Design Strings and Options that are to be used in the project. The design strings to be used in the project are represented by one or more of the following standard design string types i.e. Fixed Cross Sectional, Outlines or Complex Solids (see Notes below for more details). The Options tick-boxes control (switch on/off) the use of the options listed below:

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Create Naming Convention

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Create Additional Attributes

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Interrogate Geological Model

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Create Derived Activities

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Create Defined Activities

These options need to be set up using the corresponding vertical menu options available under the Project Setup dialog (these are covered in the sections below).


This project will make use of all three design string types as well as the options Naming Convention, Additional Attributes and Interrogate Geological Model . This can be

demonstrated by reviewing the settings in these options.

The procedure for Defining or Reviewing settings is as follows:

1. Open the General Setup dialog •

Edition 1.0

Vertical Menu | Project Setup | General

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2. Review the General project parameters as shown in the tables below (please note that the design strings will be viewed at a later stage in the demonstration and should preferably

not be shown during the review of the General settings)

Project – Design Strings dialog box Option Fixed Cross Sectional  Outlines  Complex Solids  Project – Options dialog box: Option Create Naming Convention Create Additional Attributes Interrogate Geological Model Create Derived Activities Create Defined Activities

Setting     

Project – dialog box: Option Measurement System

Edition 1.0

Setting vb_m4d_pdsgn_fxs vb_m4d_pdsgn_out vb_m4d_pdsgn_cxs

Setting Metric

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Notes:

•

The design string types defined in the Design Strings dialog box can be used to represent the different Open Pit design elements as follows: o

Trim Blasts: 

Fixed Cross Sectionals (FXS)



Defined/Created by applying a fixed cross section perimeter to a design string (survey line)

o

o

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Blasts: 

Outlines (OUT)



Created by projecting perimeters a set distance perpendicularly

Ramps and Temporary Ramps : 

Complex Solids (CXS)



Created by pairs of non co-planar perimeters

In a new project, the design files would normally need to be created before being defined in the General settings dialog

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Project Setup – Conventions - Attributes

Overview :

Attributes are descriptors (alpha or numeric) that are added (manually or automatically – see

below) to design elements and activities to provide the following: •

Extra filtering capabilities for design elements, schedule and reporting

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Ability to spatially filter and locate different individual (or groups) design elements

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Input into the naming convention for each activity (mining or derived)

Examples of user defined Attributes: •

BENCH

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bench identifier in the Open Pit environment

Attributes are defined and grouped into the following categories: •

Visual Manual o

Added manually by the user to design elements or activity points

o

Visual attributes consist of Linestyle, Color and Symbol ( fields LSTYLE, COLOUR and SYMBOL respectively)

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Non-Visual Manual o

o

Added manually by the user to design elements or activity points Non-visual attributes are descriptors that can be viewed only by interrogating or annotating a design element or activity point

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Automatic o

Added (imported) automatically from existing 3D Solids or 2D Grids (perimeters in XY, XZ or YZ planes) files

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Scheduler Entered

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Model Identifier

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This project will make use of the following Attribute types: -

Visual Manual

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standard attributes: colors, line styles and symbols (defined during the pit design process and NOT listed here in the Attributes dialog)

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Automatic

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user attribute BENCH (numeric - the top of bench elevation is used as the bench identifier) will be

placed on

design elements and activities using perimeters (XZ

plane)

stored in the file vb_m4d_grid_xz_bench

This can be demonstrated by reviewing the Attribute settings for the project. The procedure for defining or reviewing settings is as follows:

1. Open the Attributes setup dialog Vertical Menu | Project Setup | Conventions | Attributes

•

2. Review the existing Attributes as shown in the table below

3. Additional Attributes can be added (if required): •

Attributes dialog | Right-click | Add

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Define new entry

•

Use the dropdown list to define Name only after Object File has been defined

Attributes dialog box Name

Alpha

BENCH

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

Size

Application Method

Object File

Export Type

Automatic – 2D Grid XZ Plane

vb_m4d_grid_xz_bench

Code Field

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Notes:

Attributes should be applied so that they increase the level of understanding of the

•

design and add to the quality of information gained from the schedule and reports •

The addition of Attributes should be kept to a useful minimum

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Excessive use of Attributes can be time consuming (i.e. Mine2-4D processing time is increased) Only Attributes defined in the Attributes dialog will be transferred from design

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elements to activities – undefined Attributes are automatically removed during processing

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Project Setup – Conventions - Properties

Overview :

Properties are descriptors (alpha or numeric) that are added to activities to provide the

following: •

Base properties for scheduling and reporting (these 11 properties are: Metres, Area, Insitu Tonnes, Insitu Volume, Density, Tonnage Factor, Grade Factor, Mined Tonnes, Mined Volume, Void Volume, Depleted Volume)

•

User defined properties for scheduling and reporting

Examples of user defined Properties: •

ZONE

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rock type/ore type indicators

•

AU, CU

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grade fields

NPVSEQ

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NPV Scheduler sequence number

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Properties can be defined by the following methods: •

Extracted (during the Interrogate Geological Model process) from a block model and placed on design elements (and then automatically onto activities during processing)

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Calculated

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Edited directly onto design elements

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Imported from an external source (e.g. Excel spreadsheet)

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This project will extract the following properties from the block model vb_m4d_npvmod1: •

Density

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field DENSITY in block model

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ZONE

-

rock type code (numeric)

NPVSEQ

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NPV Scheduler block sequence number

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AU

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Gold grade (unit: grams per tonne)

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CU

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Copper grade (unit: Percent)

•

This can be demonstrated by reviewing the Properties settings for the project. The procedure for defining or reviewing settings is as follows:

1. Open the Properties setup dialog •

Vertical Menu | Project Setup | Conventions | Properties

2. Note that the first ten properties listed in the Properties dialog are standard properties

3. Review the existing additional properties (bold text entries as shown in the table below)

4. Additional Properties can be added (if required): •

Properties dialog | Right-click | Add

•

Define new entry

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Properties dialog box Name

Units

Weight On

Inverse

Cost

Actuals

Revenue

Evaluated

Metres Area Insitu Tonnes Insitu Volume Density Tonnage Factor Grade Factor Mine Tonnes Mined Volume Void Volume

m m2 iT im3 Tm3 Tfact Gfact miT mim3 vm3

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0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ZONE

Z

None None None None None None None None None None Insitu







0



NPVSEQ

S







0

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0 0 0

Volume Insitu

Volume AU gt Density CU Percent Density Depleted Volume Dm3 None Additional automatic Properties …

Properties dialog box Option

        

 

Setting 

Include Depletion fields

Notes:

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Base Properties cannot be deleted or modified

•

Reserved Datamine and Mine2-4D field names e.g. SEQUENCE, M4DNUM, M4DSID, M4DDESC, M4DSEQ, SEGMENT cannot be used for Property (or Attribute) names

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Project Setup – Conventions - Naming

Overview :

The addition of a Naming Convention to activities provides the following abilities: •

Enhanced design element filtering

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Filtering and location of individual activities

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Enhanced data sorting and filtering

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Application in data manipulation

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Enhanced levels of reporting

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Distinguishing similar types of development from different areas in the scheduler

A Naming Convention is defined by using the following method: •

Concatenation of existing design element Attributes and additional user defined delimiters


This project will use a combination of Mine2-4D attributes, user Attributes (BENCH) and delimiters, to define a Naming Convention for the activities which is 15 character long and has the format B***_*_******** .

This can be demonstrated by reviewing the Naming Convention settings for the project. The procedure for defining or reviewing settings is as follows:

1. Open the Naming setup dialog •

Vertical Menu | Project Setup | Conventions | Naming

2. Review the existing Naming Convention construction as shown in the table below

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3. Additional Naming items can be added (if required): •

Attributes dialog | Right-click | Add

•

Define new entries

•

Change the order of the entries using the Up/Down arrows on the right

Naming dialog box Field Name

Text

DELIMITER BENCH DELIMITER M4DDESC DELIMITER SEGMENT

B

From

To

1

3

1

1

3

10

_ _

Naming Convention From To 1 2 5 6 7 8

1 4 5 6 7 15

Notes:

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The Naming Convention string has a limit of 20 characters in total length

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Attributes (Mine2-4D and user defined) should generally be separated by delimiters

•

Each Delimiters entry is limited to 1 character (Text column) in length

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A concatenated sequence of 1 character Delimiters can be defined to create a multiple character Delimiter set e.g. “_B” as used in the demonstration example above

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•

Project Setup – Geology - Interrogation

Overview :

The Interrogation process is typically set up as a sequence of block model interrogations (evaluations) and depletions. The setup dialog provides a means of defining this sequence using a set of rules. The following points are important in order to set up a correct Interrogation/Depletion sequence: •

The block model that is output from a particular Action may be altered by that Action (e.g. Depletion) and becomes input to the next instance of the use of that block model

•

The sequence of entries is relevant to producing correct results when design elements deplete/interrogate the block model(s) e.g. prevention of repeat evaluation of already mined-out blocks

•

Subcelling (relative to the block model parent cell size) determines the accuracy of Interrogation/Depletion results

The Interrogation process is controlled by the following Filter Types: •

Design Type

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evaluation by different design type elements

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Attributes

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evaluation by attributes defined under Attributes

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Description

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evaluation by descriptions defined in Design Definition

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Filter

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evaluation by filters defined for the current project


This project will use the Filter Type option DESIGN TYPE to sequentially Interrogate/Deplete the block model vb_m4d_npvmod1 in the following order: 1. Ramps and Temporary Ramps (CXS) 2. Blasts (OUT) 3. Trim Blasts (FXS) Edition 1.0

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This can be demonstrated by reviewing the Interrogation settings for the project. The procedure for defining or reviewing settings is as follows:

1. Open the Geology - Interrogation setup dialog Vertical Menu | Project Setup | Geology | Interrogation

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2. Review the existing Interrogation and Depletion activities (as shown in the table below)

3. Additional Interrogation/Depletion activities can be added (if required): •

Interrogation/Depletion dialog | Right-click | Add

•

Define a new entry

•

If prompted to report depleted volumes, select “Yes”

Interrogation/Depletion dialog box Order Action Model Filter Type 1 2 3 4 5 6

Interrogate Deplete Interrogate Deplete Interrogate Deplete

vb_m4d_npvmod1 vb_m4d_npvmod1 vb_m4d_npvmod1 vb_m4d_npvmod1 vb_m4d_npvmod1 vb_m4d_npvmod1

DESIGN TYPE DESIGN TYPE DESIGN TYPE DESIGN TYPE DESIGN TYPE DESIGN TYPE

Interrogation/Depletion dialog box Option

Subcelling

Complex Solids Complex Solids Outlines Outlines Fixed Cross Sectionals Fixed Cross Sectionals

10 10 10

Setting

Legend to use during interrogation Perform Dilution Calculations Overwrite Original Model with Depleted Model

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Filter Value

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 


Notes:

•

Legends can be used during the interrogation process e.g. a Grade Category legend could

be used to provide block model evaluations according to different grade categories (see 5.2 Definition of Legends for details) •

When checked (recommended option), the Perform Dilution Calculations option treats the block model void volume as waste material with no grade

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The system has the ability to utilize multiple block models, rotated and un-rotated

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Advanced depletion techniques can be used to properly report mined tonnages and “fill” mining (e.g. backfilling to create a temporary access ramp or dump)

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Project Setup – Geology – Default Values

Overview :

The Default Values dialog is used to define default values for the following: •

Density

•

Density Units

•

Evaluation Properties (e.g. ZONE, AU, CU)


This project will use a default density of 0.000001iT/m3 and a value of 0 for the other Properties (Important: See Notes below). This default density value is used if no DENSITY field exists in the block model and when design elements are evaluated against the block model in void volume areas. When present in the block model, the density value in the DENSITY field is used in evaluations.

This can be demonstrated by reviewing the Default Values settings for the project. The procedure for defining or reviewing Defaults is as follows:

1. Define the Density and Evaluation Property Defaults: o

Vertical Menu | Project Setup | Geology | Default Values

o

Define/Review the values as shown in the tables below

Density and Evaluation Property Defaults dialog No Name Density ZONE 0

0.000001

0

Density and Evaluation Property Defaults dialog Option Setting Model Density Unit

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iT/m3

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NPVSEQ

Au

Cu

0

0

0


Notes:

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The Density value needs to be 0 (in this case it is set to 0.00001 as the dialog doesn’t accept a 0 value) so the design is evaluated correctly. Some of the design outlines and the derived solids (only Blasts and Temporary Ramps are affected) that are created in the Open Pit Design and Planning Processes extend above the surface of the block model. These portions of the volumes should be assigned a zero Tonnage; this is achieved by using the zero Density value in the entry

Project Setup – Geology – External Data

Overview :

The External Data dialog is used to define connections to external data sources that provide Interrogation information about design elements. This information is then used in the evaluation tables instead of values obtained from the Mine2-4D Interrogation.


This option will not be used. A block model will be Interrogated to obtain Evaluation results.

1. Complete Complete this portion portion of of the demonstr demonstration ation by closin closing g the Project Project Setup Setup dialog dialog •

In the Project Setup dialog | select Cancel button

•

In the “Exit Project Setup without saving …” message dialog | select Yes button

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4.3 4.3

The The Open Open Pit Pit Des Desig ign n Pro Proce cess sses es ( Back )

Overview :

The design of an open pit (interim and final pits) and its various components (Ramps, Faces and Berms) is generally guided by the limits of an existing pit shell. This pit shell may have been derived from a pit optimization and scheduling exercise exercise using a pit optimization program e.g. NPV Scheduler. The The output from this optimization process can either be a wireframe surface or a block model (more commonly used).

The open pit design processes within Mine2-4D facilitate the creation of the open pit design strings (ramps, crests and toes) and then the alteration of this data to fit within the general Mine2-4D framework. The overall procedure for generating an open pit design and preparing it for the Mine2-4D Planning Process is as follows: 1. Generat Generatee optimize optimized d block block model model (limit) (limit) string stringss 2. Desi Design gn pra pract ctic ical al pit pit 3. Convert Convert design design strings strings to fixed cross cross sectionals sectionals,, outlines outlines and complex complex solids solids 4. Connect Connect the the design design to the the Mine2-4D Mine2-4D design definitions definitions

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4.3.1 4.3.1

Optimi Opt imize zed d Block Block Model Model Stri Strings ngs Gen Gener erati ation on

Overview :

The Open Pit Block Model Preparation Wizard is designed to step the user through the process of converting the imported optimized block model model into a set of outline strings. These outline strings can then be used in conjunction with the block model coloring (using Legends, see 5.2 Definition of Legends for details) to guide the pit design process.


This project will use the block model field TOTAL_TB (NPV Scheduler period number that indicates in what latest period a block/cell is scheduled to be mined) to group together blocks falling within Year 1 to indicate the limits for the pit design process.

The procedure for importing the optimized block model and generating the outline strings and Legend(s) is as follows:

1. Start th the Model Preparation process •

2.

Vertical Menu | Design | Open Pit | Open Pit tab | Model Preparation Preparation

Use the the filename filename and parameters parameters as shown in the the table table below below

Open Pit Block Model Preparation Wizard – dialog 1 Option Setting Block Model File Source

vb_m4d_npvmod1 NPV Scheduler

3. Review th the Block Model Statistics (dialog 2) information as shown below and then select Next to move to the next dialog

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4. In the Generate Color Legends dialog (dialog 3) as shown below •

tick Legend for the TOTAL_TB field

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tick Perimeters for the TOTAL_TB field

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tick the Manually Edit Legends option and then select Next

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5. In the Generate Block Model Slice Strings dialog (dialog 4), set the slicing parameters as shown in the table below and then select Next to move to the next dialog

Open Pit Block Model Preparation Wizard – dialog 4 Option Setting Start Elevation Bench Height No. Benches Bench Range Trace Method

-50 20 16 320 Join Cell Corners

6. In the final Open Pit Block Model Preparation Wizard dialog (dialog 5) select the Finish button to move to the Legend Definition dialog

7. In the Legend Definition dialog, modify the parameters for the OpenPit_TOTAL_TB legend to include only two entries •

Delete the rows 3 – 5 (last three rows) using Left-click + Drag | Right-click | Delete Current | Yes to delete selected multiple rows

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Define the parameters for the two entries as shown below

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8. In the Legend Definition dialog, select the Save button to save the newly created legend

9. In the Legend Definition dialog, select Exit button to execute the model preparation process

10. The Model Preparation process will then complete automatically and Mine2-4D will return to the Open Pit tab on completion

Notes:

The model preparation (model slicing) process generates mid bench (mid model

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block [parent cell] elevation) pseudo-strings (pseudo-perimeters) that are used for visually guiding the design process. These pseudo-strings cannot be selected or edited in the Design window •

These pseudo-strings are not saved and need to be regenerated for each session of Mine2-4D if they are to be used (optional) by the user in the design process

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The import process overwrites the existing edited legend OpenPit_TOTAL_TB each time that the Model Preparation process is run

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4.3.2

Open Pit Design

Overview :

The Open Pit Design tab options provide the following functionality: •

Definition of different sets of Projection Setup parameters

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Definition of different sets of Road Setup parameters

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Automated generation of Ramp, Berm and Face design strings

The Projection Setup parameters can be defined in one of three ways: •

Fixed

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Face angle and Berm width constant for the pit

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Variable

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Face angle and Berm width varies by azimuth and elevation

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Model

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Berm width constant, Face angle values from model field SLOPE

Demonstration Procedures :

The pit design tools and procedures can be demonstrated by generating the design for the bottom three benches of the Year 1 Pit (as a backup, if required, the design strings for

these benches are saved in the file vb_m4d_pdsign_b80-120) . The design will use the Bottom Up method, starting at a Toe elevation of 60m. The open pit design process will be guided by coloring the block model using the Legend OpenPit_NPVSEQ (and not by using the pseudo-strings generated in the previous step). The existing set of Fixed Projection and Road parameters saved under the name Pit1, will be used to define the default parameters. An existing pit design for the total Year 1 Pit vb_m4d_pdsign_Year1 will be used to complete the demonstration and also for the follow-on Open Pit Design Process steps.

The Bottom Up construction method includes the following general steps:

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Load and color the pit shell block model

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Digitize or load the pit design base string (closed perimeter) for the bottom bench

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Construct a Road Segment (i.e. Ramp to next bench)

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Edit the base string to accommodate the road entrance (if required)

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Construct a Road Contour at the top elevation of the road segment

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Construct a Berm (with/without Tapering)

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Edit the Berm string (move out to the pit shell limit; create switchback entrance space)

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Repeat above steps where required

The procedures for reviewing the Projection Setup and Road Setup parameters and creating the pit design are as follows:

Define Projection Setup parameters

1. Start the Projection Setup dialog •

Vertical Menu | Design | Open Pit | Open Pit tab | Design button group | Projection Setup button

2.

Review the parameters as shown in the table below

Projection Parameters dialog Option Save Face Angle Berm Width Berm Color Bench Color Taper Berms Inside Inside Taper Distance Taper Berms Outside Outside Start Distance Percentage of Road Width to Taper

Setting Pit1 Fixed 85 20 3 4 

100 

100 100

3. A New set of Projection Parameters (if required) can be defined as follows

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Select button New and define a new name

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Select one of the options from the buttons Fixed, Variable or Model

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Define the relevant parameters

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Select the OK button to save the parameters

Define Road Setup parameters

1. Start the Road Setup dialog •

Vertical Menu | Design | Open Pit | Open Pit tab | Design button group | Road Setup button

2.

Review the parameters as shown in the table below

Road Parameters dialog Option

Setting

Save

Pit1 Fixed 10 % 20 5

Gradient Width Road Color

3. A New set of Road Parameters (if required) can be defined as follows •

Select button New and define a new name

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Define the relevant parameters

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Select the OK button to save changes

Define Interactive Expansion settings

1. Open the Interactive Pit Expansion dialog •

Vertical Menu | Design | Open Pit | Open Pit tab | Design button group | Pit Expansion button | Settings tab

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(Note that the block model defined in the previous step has been loaded, set to the

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minimum mid bench (block model) elevation (-50m) and colored according to the Legend OpenPit_TOTAL_TB)

2. Review the parameters as shown in the table below

Interactive Expansion Parameters dialog Option Expansion Method Design Type Initial Elevation Auto Check Crossovers Auto Condition Bench and Berm strings Legend Perimeter Filter Fill Perimeters

Setting Bottom Up Pit 60  

OpenPit_TOTAL_TB 

3. Set the Design window Snap Mode to Points (if not already set - the default is normally Snap to Grid) Design window | Right-click | Snap to Points

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Notes:

Any block model or string data loaded before the Define Interactive Expansion

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settings step, will be cleared from the Design window when this option is run The bench numbering convention uses the top of bench (crest) elevation to name the

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bench e.g. Bench 120 has a crest elevation of 120m •

Do not select the Apply >>> button – the pseudo strings are not used in this demonstration to guide the open pit design process

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Create Bench 80 - Pit Base, Ramp and Crest strings

Step 1a – Load Pit Base String

1. Load the previously created pit base string (perimeter) into the Design window •

Design window | Right-click | Load | Strings

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select vb_m4d_pdsign_base from the File Browser list

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In the Filter Strings dialog | select OK button

2. Set the Design window Current Elevation to 60m •

In the Interactive Pit Design dialog | Design tab

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Set Current Elevation to 60 using Arrows or Reset to Initial button

3. Zoom into the area of the pit base string Orange (3) and move the pit so that it is just right of centre in the Design window •

Zoom In button

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Pan Graphics button

| Define zoom window | Move the view slightly to the right

4. Lay out the Mine2-4D windows to obtain a good view of both the Interactive Pit Expansion dialog and the Design window as shown below

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5. The diagram below shows the results of this step Step 1a. .

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Step 1b – Create Bench 80 Ramp

1. Select the base string in the Design window •

Design window | Left-click on base string

2. Create the Ramp string starting at Point 1. (see diagram Step1a. above), going to the west and outside of the base string (Note the messages in the Design window instruction dialog- bottom right) •

Interactive Pit Design dialog | Design tab | Create Road group | Create button

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Select Start point of Ramp at Point 1. (snap to point)(see diagram Step1a. above)

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Select Ramp Direction at Point 2. (see diagram Step1a. above)

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Redraw the display using the toolbar button

1. The diagram below shows the results of this step including the green Ramp string

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Step 1b. .

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Step 1c – Create Bench 80 Crest

1. Create the Crest Crest string string using using Project Project Bench Bench and the Contou Contourr Method Method •

The Toe (base) string should still be selected (highlighted yellow)

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Interactive Pit Design dialog | Design tab | Project Bench group | Project button

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2. The diagram diagram below below shows shows the results results of this this step includin including g the yellow yellow Crest string

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Step 1c. .

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Create Bench 100 - Toe, Ramp and Crest strings

Step 2a – Create Bench 100 Toe

1. The Bench Bench 80 80 Crest string should should still be selected selected from the previou previouss step

2. Create the the initial initial Bench 100 100 Toe Toe string using using Expand Expand Berm Berm (no Fillet Fillet option) option) •

Interactive Pit Design dialog | Design tab | Expand Berm group | Expand button

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Step 2b – Edit Bench 100 Toe

3. Edit the the Toe string string points points to incorpor incorporate ate the green green Year 1 model model blocks blocks as shown shown below below •

Move Point 1. out to the corner of the red block (approx X=5790 Y=5000) (This step is important in that it prevents the Bench 100 Ramp string from going around this corner of the pit in an easterly direction)

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Insert a new point at Point 2.

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Demonstration Guidelines – Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D abc

Step 2b. .

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Step 2c – Create Bench 100 Ramp

4. The The Bench Bench 100 Toe Toe string string shou should ld still still be selec selected ted

5. Create Create the Ramp Ramp strin string g start starting ing at Point 3. (see diagram Step2b. above) •


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Select Start point of Ramp at Point 3. (snap to top inside corner of the previous Ramp)(see diagram Step2b. above)

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Select Ramp Direction at approximately Point 4. (see diagram Step2b. above)

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6. The diagram diagram below below shows shows the results results of this this step includin including g the green green Ramp string string

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Step 2c. .

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Step 2d – Create Bench 100 Crest

3. Create the Crest string using Project Bench and the Contour Method •


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4. The diagram below shows the results of this step including the yellow Crest string

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Step 2d. .

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Create Bench 120 - Toe, Ramp and Crest strings

Step 3a – Create Bench 120 Toe

1. The Bench 100 Crest string should still be selected from the previous step

2. Create the initial Bench 120 Toe string using Expand Berm (no Fillet option) •


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3. The diagram below shows the results of this step including the orange Toe string

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Step 3a. .

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Step 3b – Create Bench 120 Ramp

4. The Bench 120 Toe string should still be selected

5. Create the Ramp string starting at Point 1. (see diagram Step3a. above) •


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Select Start point of Ramp at Point 1. (snap to top inside corner of the previous Ramp)(see diagram Step3a. above)

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Select Ramp Direction at approximately Point 2. (see diagram Step2b. above)

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6. The diagram below shows the results of this step including the green Ramp string

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Step 3b.

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Step 3c – Edit Bench 120 Toe

7. Set the Design window Current Elevation to 100m •

Interactive Pit Design dialog | Design tab

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Set Current Elevation to 100 using Arrows

8. Edit the Toe string points to create a flat area for the Ramp switchback as shown below •

Move Point 1. to the outside bottom corner of the Bench 120 Ramp

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Move point Point 2. northwards

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Step 3c.

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Step 3d – Create Bench 120 Crest

5. Create the Crest string using Project Bench and the Contour Method •


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View results in 3D: Design window | Right-click | Update Visualizer Objects

6. The diagram below shows the results of this step including the yellow Crest string

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Step 3d.

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Create Bench 140 using Additional Automation and Conditioning tools

The Berm-Ramp-Face creation cycle can be automated (if applicable) and additional string conditioning (i.e. rounding of corners) can be applied to the design strings by ticking the appropriate options in the Settings and Design tab. This can be demonstrated by selecting the required conditioning and automate options and then creating one extra bench (Bench 140) with an anti-clockwise ramp.

1. Set the conditioning options: Interactive Pit Design dialog | Settings tab | Tick Auto Condition Bench and Berm

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strings after creation Interactive Pit Design dialog | Design tab | Expand Berm group | Tick Auto Fillet

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box

2. The Current Elevation should still be at 120 (Important - Reset if required using the menu arrows)

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3. The Bench 120 Crest string should still be selected from the previous step ( Reselect if required )

4. Create the initial Bench 140 Toe string using Expand Berm •


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5. Generate a single anti-clockwise Ramp-Bench-Berm string set, in one step, by using Auto Generate Interactive Pit Design dialog | Design tab | Auto Generate button (on right side of

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dialog) Select Start point of Ramp at Point 1. (snap to the previous Berm)(see diagram Step4.

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below) •

In the Auto Expand dialog | No. Expansions 1

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In the Auto Expand dialog | Road Direction group | select Anti-Clockwise

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In the Auto Expand dialog | OK button

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Please note: •

The Design window instruction dialog (bottom right) may prompt for a base string if not already selected

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The Design window instruction dialog (bottom right) may prompt for a start point (Point 1.) and direction for the Ramp ( Point 2.) (see diagram Step4. below)

•

The creation of the Ramp-Bench-Berm set may take a few seconds

6. View the results in the Visualizer •

7.

Design window | Right-click | Update Visualizer Objects

Noting the following (shown in diagram Step 4. below): •

The rounded Toe (Berm) and Crest (Bench) strings for Bench 140m

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The rounded Toe string for Bench 160m

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Step 4. .

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8. Remove these design strings when finished with this step •

Design window | Right-click | Erase | All Strings | Yes

View the Completed Example

The pit design process can require the use of a combination of conditioning options and Expansion Methods (Bottom Up, Top Down) and the use of various design string colors to represent the different pit design elements. The use of different colors, linestyles and symbols on the design strings provides flexibility in later steps during the Open Pit Design Process. This is illustrated in the completed pit design for the Year 1 interim pit for the Viking Bounty project.

1. Load the completed pit design strings for Year 1 into the Design window (see diagram below) and view the design strings in the Visualizer without the block model slice visible •

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Design window | Right-click | Load | Strings | Yes

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select vb_m4d_pdsign_year1 from the File Browser list

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In the Filter Strings dialog select OK

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Visualizer window | Model Planes | Make Hidden

Completed Example - Pit Design Year1 .

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2. Note the following characteristics: •

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Lower Benches (Benches 80, 100, 120) o

Designed using the Top-Down method

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String colors: 

Ramps are green (5)

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Crests are yellow (4)

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Toes are orange (3)

Upper benches (Benches 140, 160, 180, 200) o

Designed using the Bottom-Up method

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String colors: 

Temporary Ramps are cyan (5)

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Crests are blue (7)

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

Toes are magenta (8)

3. View the design strings against the block model cells and note their positions relative to the blocks falling within Year1 (green) and the remaining blocks within the Ultimate Pit (red). The grey blocks fall outside the Ultimate Pit limits (see diagram below – the view is looking down and to the north-east). •

Design window | Right-click | Settings | Visualizer tab | tick Model Cells | OK

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Visualizer window | Model Planes | Make Hidden

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Notes:

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The design strings would generally be validated at this stage before moving onto the next step

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The crest and toe strings from the upper benches have been colored differently to those from the lower benches so as to distinguish between different design type requirements for the next Open Pit Design Strings Preparation step

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Creating separate Ore and Waste outlines on each Bench would provide extra flexibility when defining design string types and their mining attributes

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4.3.3

Open Pit Design Strings Preparation

Overview:

The next step in the Open Pit Design Process requires that the design strings be converted into standard perimeters or Pit Design String Types that can be recognized by the Mine2-4D Planning processes. These fall into one of the following three categories, as outlined under Project Setup:

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Fixed Cross Sectionals (FXS)

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Outlines (OUT)

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Complex Solids (CXS)

The generation of the Outlines is aided by the use of a plan-view grid which allows the large areas, defined by the Crest/Toe strings, to be subdivided into smaller areas approximating the size of the required mining unit to be used in Sequencing and Scheduling. The Design Strings are converted into the corresponding Pit Design String Types as follows:

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Ramps and Temporary Ramps

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Complex Solids

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Crests of the upper benches

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Outlines (Blasts)

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Crests of the lower benches

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Outline and Fixed Cross Sectionals (Blasts and Trim Blasts respectively)

The Open Pit Preparation menu provides the following options: •

Grid Generation

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Preparation (i.e. creation of OUT, FXS, CXS string types)

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Demonstration Procedures:

Grid Generation

The Grid Generation menu allows the user to create (and save to file) 2D grids (a set of closed rectangular perimeters) by defining (dialog or interactively in the Design window) a Base Point, grid Size, grid Extents and the number of grids in each of the X and Y directions.

This can be demonstrated by creating a grid (each grid block represents 48,000m 3) and saving it to file. The procedure for creating a grid and saving it to file is as follows:

1. Open the Generate Grid dialog •

Vertical Menu | Design | Open Pit tab | Preparation group | Generate Grid button

2. Define the grid parameters as shown in the table below and then select OK button to generate and load the grid strings into the Design window

Generate Grid dialog box Option

Setting

Base Azimuth Base Point Size Number Extents X Attribute Y Attribute Output Grid Name Load Grid on Completion Close form on Completion

90 X

Y

5660 60

4700 40

11

14

660 autocalc

560 autocalc  

Grid  

3. Note that the grid extends just beyond the X and Y extents of the Design Strings

4. Save the grid to a temporary file

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Design Strings Preparation

The Pit Preparation dialog provides the ability to set up rules which are used to guide the creation of the FXS, OUT and CXS design string types from the design strings . This process also creates an initial set of design definitions. The generation of the OUT strings is facilitated by use of the relevant grid files. The Pit Preparation rules make use of the design string colors to define a unique rule for generating each design string type . The following

Pit Preparation Rule options are available (Please see the Help document for graphical examples of each rule):

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Grid Cutting and Trim

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Grid Cutting

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Outline

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Outline and Trim

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Road Wedge

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Temporary Road Wedge

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Generate Road CL

It is important to note that each different design string element (e.g. Ramp, TempRamp, Blast1, Blast2, Trim) requires a unique color (not color-linestyle-symbol combination as used elsewhere) so that a unique rule can be set up for each of the different design string elements. The Year 1 pit contains differently colored Crest/Toe strings for the upper benches than in the lower benches as the lower benches require the creation of Blasts and Trim Blasts (using Grid Cutting and Trim option) , while the upper benches only require the creation of Blasts (using Grid Cutting option). Ramps and Temporary Ramps are also treated differently in that Ramps comprise only an upper wedge (to be mined out) while Temporary Ramps comprise an upper and a lower wedge (both are to be mined out).

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This can be demonstrated by reviewing the existing set of Pit Preparation rules and design strings reviewed in section 4.3.2 Open Pit Design (these design strings should still be displayed in the Design window). Only the rules will be reviewed – it is strongly suggested that the Pit Preparation process is NOT run (i.e. do not select the Pit Preparation dialog OK button after reviewing the rules) as the existing Design Definitions and FXS, OUT and CXS strings would be replaced (see Notes below).

The procedure for Reviewing / Defining rules is as follows:

1. Open the Pit Preparation dialog •

Vertical Menu | Design | Open Pit | Open Pit tab | Preparation button

2. Review the existing rules (as shown in the table below) •

Access the Settings dialog by selecting (Double-click) the relevant row’s Setting cell in the Pit Preparation dialog

3. Additional Rules can be added (if required): •

Pit Preparation dialog | Right-click | Add

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Define new entry and Settings details

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Access the Settings dialog by selecting (Double-click) the relevant row’s Setting cell in the Pit Preparation dialog

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Pit Preparation dialog Option Design on Screen Specified File Rule No.

Setting

Color

vb_m4d_pdsig_year1 Rule

1

7

Grid Cutting

2

4

Grid Cutting and Trim

3

6

Temporary Road Wedge

4

5

Road Wedge

Option

Setting

FXS Output OUT Output CXS Output Road CL

vb_m4d_pdsign_fxs vb_m4d_pdsign_out vb_m4d_pdsign_cxs Design_RoadCL

Setting

Value

Design Type Height Grid File Outline Description Outline Position Design Type Height Grid File Trim Width FXS Shape FXS Description Outline Description FXS Segment Length Outline Position Design Type CXS Description Design Type CXS Description

Pit 20 vb_m4d_grid_out Blast1 Top Pit 20 vb_m4d_grid_out 10 Trim_10m Trim Blast2 100 Top Pit TRamp Pit Ramp

4. Close the Pit Preparation dialog •

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Regenerating the FXS, OUT and CXS strings (Not for Demonstration)

1. After defining the required Pit Preparation rules, start the Pit Preparation processing •

Pit Preparation dialog | OK button

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(Selecting the OK button also Saves any changes made to the Rules)

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Select Yes in the “WARNING – This process will automatically delete all of your current Design Definitions. This project already has …” message dialog

2. (If the Open Pit Preparation is run for the first time or run after the design strings have been altered: This processing may take anything between 10s of seconds to a few minutes depending on the speed of the computer. Each of the four Rules is processed in sequence and is highlighted in the Pit Preparation dialog as it is being processed. The Grid Cutting processing is displayed in the Design window while the processing of the other Rules is not visible to the user)

3. Select No in the “Would you like to open the design definitions dialog …” message dialog

Notes: •

Why not rerun the Pit Preparation process? o

FXS, OUT and CXS have been edited, rerunning will replace these strings with unedited strings

o

The FXS string types (representing the Trim Blasts on Benches 80 -120) would initially have had a color yellow (4) after being created by the Pit Preparation process; their color has been changed to red (2) for visualization purposes (i.e. both strings and Design Definitions have been edited)

o

In creating the demonstration, certain Outlines have been combined in order to remove excessively small outlines – examples can be seen on the south western edge of the Bench 140 outlines

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The selection of the Outline Position (i.e. Top, Centre or Bottom) can have an effect

•

on the volume (and tonnage) calculations for outlines along the outside of the pit perimeter for face angles <90 degrees. Volumes can be overestimated when the Top position is used and underestimated when the Bottom position is used. This potential calculation issue has been ignored in this demonstration •

The size of the Trim Blasts is controlled by the following parameters: o

FXS Segment Length - (here set to 100m) controls the length i.e. dimension parallel to Crest

o

•

Trim Width - controls the width i.e. dimension perpendicular to Crest

The custom FXS Shape Trim_10m used in this demonstration, needs to first be defined using the X-Sectional Tool in the Design Definitions dialog (See section 5.3 Definition of Cross Sections for further details)

•

The clockwise/anti-clockwise orientation of the Crest string controls the internal sequence order created within each set (1 set per each Crest string) of Trims. In this

demonstration, the Crest strings are ordered in such a way that the Trims are numbered (increasing) in the downward direction of each bench’s Ramp

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4.3.4

Design Definitions

Overview:

The next step in the Open Pit Design Process is the creation of design definitions and then their application to the corresponding design string types (i.e. FXS, OUT and CXS strings). The main function of the Design Definitions menu is to provide a fast and robust means of ensuring that the design string types are formatted with Visual and Non-Visual Attributes in a consistent and organized manner.

Mine2-4D automates a great deal of the mine design process by using string attributes to define different open pit excavation types (Blasts, Ramps, Temporary Ramps, Trims). The different FXS, OUT and CXS strings are differentiated by using unique combinations of color, linestyle and symbol, to which are added design attributes. This unique list of colorlinestyle-symbol string types and their associated design attributes (and other properties) make up the design definitions. These definitions then give the user the ability to automatically apply design attributes to the new or modified string – a potentially large timesaving facility.

The design definitions are managed by separation into three tabs i.e. FXS, OUT and CXS. On entering the design definitions, Mine2-4D will list all the unique combinations of color, linestyle and symbol found in the three design string type’s files. The general procedure for working with design definitions is as follows:

•

Create design definitions (first time)

•

Edit design definitions (Add, Edit settings, Delete)

•

Edit design string types (Edit Attributes, Erase)

•

Connect design definitions and design string types

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The Design Definitions | Connect tab provides the following options:

•

Design Definitions

- access to the Design Definitions dialog

•

Generate Design Definitions

- generation of visual attributes for design string types using its non-visual attributes as a legend

•

Modify Definition Descriptions - renaming of FXS, OUT and CXS Descriptions

The Design Definitions dialog offers the following abilities:

•

Add and Edit definitions

•

Edit the Attributes of design string types

•

Filter design string types based on selected item within the Design Definitions list

•

The Connect

•

A X-Sectional Tool to facilitate the generation of cross sections (see 5.3 X-Sectional Tool for details).


This can be demonstrated by Reviewing the existing Design Definitions and FXS, OUT and CXS strings; showing examples of the Filtering, Editing and Connecting functionality.

Suggested window layout

The layout shown in the diagram below will allow both the Design Definitions dialog and the Design window to be viewed at the same time. Note that the Design Definitions window has

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been reduced in size by dragging the right edge towards the left (it stops at a fixed minimum distance).

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Creation and Viewing of Design Definitions

The procedure for reviewing the design definitions is as follows:

1. Open the Design Definitions dialog and view the design string types at the same time •

Vertical Menu | Design | Design Definitions | Connect tab | Connect to Definitions group | Design Definitions button

•

In the Clear Design Window dialog | tick View Design strings while editing Design Definition box | select Yes button

2. Lay out the Design Definitions dialog and Design window as shown in above diagram

3. The design definitions are initially displayed for the FXS string types; their corresponding red (2) strings are shown in the Design window

4. In the Design Definitions dialog – FXS tab, each entry has a unique set of Linking Attributes (Color, Linestyle, Symbol) shown on the left and its associated design Properties and Scheduling, Segment and Advanced settings shown to the right (use bottom scrollbar to view settings hidden on the far right)

5. A perspective view of the strings in the Design window gives a good idea of how the different design string types are represented •

In the View Control Toolbar | select the View Orientation button

•

In the View Orientation dialog (top left corner of the Design window) | set Azi = 30 | set Dip = -75 | select OK to set the new view

•

Use the Previous View button

to toggle between Plan and Perspective views

6. The Design Definitions and their corresponding sets of strings for the OUT and CXS design string types can be viewed by selecting the relevant tabs in the Design Definitions dialog (the corresponding strings are automatically loaded when the tab is selected)

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7. Review the settings for each of the FXS, OUT and CXS design string types as shown in the tables below, with the focus on the Properties settings

Design Definitions dialog - Fixed Cross Sectionals inking Attributes Settings COLOUR 2

LSTYLE

SYMBOL

_____ 1001

 202

Value

No. 1

Properties Description Type Orientation X Sectional Shape Width Height Density Scheduling Constraint Rate Segment Distance Advanced Increments Dumping Exclude

Trim Normal Vertical Trim_10m 10 20 ASAP 1,250,000iT/mo 100   

Table Notes:

•

The horizontal rows in the Design Definitions dialog are represented in the tables by a combination of horizontal rows for each Linking Attributes set and unique Properties (OUT and CXS strings only) and a corresponding column of settings and

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•

The Properties Orientation value “Vertical” ensures that the cross section is orientated vertically relative to the guiding string

•

The Properties X Sectional Shape is using the custom cross section “Trim_10m”

•

The Scheduling Rate value is set to “1,250,000iT/mo” (i.e. monthly) o

Derived from the Total Rock mining rate target defined in NPV Scheduler (15,000,000 tpa for Year 1)

o

Rate = (15,000,000 / 12)iT/mo

•

The Segment Distance value of 100m controls the length for each Trim

•

Each set of Trims is represented by a single red (2) control string; Crest elevation of each Bench, outer limit – hence the 5m offset in the Trim_10m cross section

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Design Definitions dialog - Outlines Linking Attributes

COLOUR 4 7

Settings

Description

LSTYLE

SYMBOL

_____ 1001

 203

1

Blast2

 202

2

Blast1

_____ 1001

Value

No.

Properties Height Position Density Segment Distance Schedule Constraint Rate … Advanced Options … Exclude

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20 Top 0 ASAP 1,250,000iT/mo

 


Table Notes:

•

The Properties Height value “20” indicates that the Blast / Bench Height is 20m

•

The Properties Position value “Top” indicates that the Outlines represent the blast crest position (other options include Centre and Bottom)

•

The Segment Distance value is “0” and indicates that each Outline is treated as one entity and is not subdivided into smaller subunits or Segments

•

The Scheduling Rate value is set to “1,250,000iT/mo” (i.e. monthly) o


o

Rate = (15,000,000 / 12)iT/mo

•

Grayed-out settings have not been listed here and are indicated by the symbol “…”

•

Each Blast is represented by a single closed string at the 20m Bench Crest elevation

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Design definitions dialog - Complex Solids Linking Attributes

COLOUR

LSTYLE

SYMBOL

No.

Descrip.

Settings

Value

Type Open Pit

5

___ 1001

 210

1

5

___ 1001

 211

2

5

___ 1001

 212

3

Ramp

Ramp “

OpenPit Temp 6

___ 1001

 202

4

Ramp

6

___ 1001

 203

5

“

6

___ 1001

 204

6

“

6

___ 1001



205

7

“

6

___ 1001



206

8

“

6

___ 1001



207

9

“

6

___ 1001

 208

10

“

6

___ 1001

 209

11

“

Properties Density Constraint Rate Strings / Segment String Attribute Exclude

ASAP 1,250,000iT/mo 0 

Table Notes: •

The Properties Height value “20” indicates that the Blast / Bench Height is 20m

•

The Properties Position value “Top” indicates that the Outlines represent the blast crest position (other options include Centre and Bottom)

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The Properties (Scheduling) Rate value is set to “1,250,000iT/mo” (i.e. monthly)

•

o


o

Rate = (15,000,000 / 12)iT/mo

The Segment Distance value is “0” and indicates that each Outline is treated as one

•

entity and is not subdivided into smaller subunits or Segments •

Grayed-out settings have not been listed here and are indicated by the symbol “…”

•

Each Ramp is represented by a pair of strings forming the top and bottom surface of a wedge (the lower portion is not mined, the largest vertical dimension in each wedge is 20m) Each Temporary Ramp is represented by a two pairs of strings forming the top and

•

bottom surface of a complimentary set of wedges (both the upper and lower wedges are mined, the largest vertical dimension in each wedge is 20m)

Notes: •

The process of creating the design definitions list is repeated each time that the Design Definitions dialog is opened (i.e. the FXS, OUT and CXS strings are interrogated for any changes; modified or new strings are added to this list)

•

The FXS string types (representing the Trim Blasts on Benches 80 -120) would initially have had a color yellow (4) after being created by the Pit Preparation process in the last step; their color has been changed to red (2) for visualization purposes

•

In creating the demonstration, certain Outlines have been combined in order to remove excessively small outlines – examples can be seen on the south western edge of the Bench 140 outlines

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Design Definitions and Filters

You can view any strings with a unique definition, on their own in the Design window, by using Filters. The Filter buttons and checkboxes are located in the Design group in the lower portion of the Design Definitions dialog as highlighted in the diagram below.

This functionality can be demonstrated by filtering different CXS strings. The procedure for using Filters is as follows: 1. To view strings of a particular definition •

In the Design Definitions dialog | select the CXS tab

•

Set the view in the Design window to the perspective view by using the Previous View or View Orientation toolbar buttons (see procedure in previous section)

•

Select the relevant entry in the CXS Design Definitions table by selecting the No. cell

•

Select the Apply Button

•

Select the Remove All Filters button

•

Multiple definitions can be selected using Left-click+Drag and then filtered

to remove the filter and view all strings

2. Strings can also be filtered using the automatic Zoom and Change options

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•

Check that the Auto Zoom box is ticked

•

Tick the Auto Change box

•

Sequentially select entries in the CXS Design Definitions table

•

(This combination of options is useful when the user needs to perform visual checks on a long list of strings. Unticking the Auto Zoom option allows the user to view the string(s) in its relative fixed position) When finished filtering , untick the Auto Change box and select the Remove Filters

•

button

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Editing Design Definitions

1. Additional definitions can be added (if required): Design Definitions dialog | relevant tab | Right-click | Add Record or Insert

•

Record

Define new entry and Settings details

•

2. Definitions can be Deleted •

In the Design Definitions table | Right-click on relevant entry | Delete Current

3. Definitions can be Edited by selecting the required entry and editing the relevant settings In the FXS tab | change the color for the Trims from red (2) to magenta (8)

•

4. The Addition, Editing or Deletion of definitions requires that the definitions be Saved in order that these changes are stored for future use •

In the Design Definitions dialog

•

Select the Save button (bottom right group of buttons) | in the “Do you wish to save changes to design strings” message dialog | select No button

5. The Addition, Editing (Linking Attributes or Properties) or Deletion of definitions requires that the definitions be Connected to the strings In the Design window | Select only the relevant strings (Ctrl+Left-click) – in this

•

case all 3 In the Design Definitions table | select the relevant entry i.e. No. 1 by selecting the

•

No. cell •

In the Design Definitions dialog | Design group | select Apply Current button

•

In the Design window | Right-click | Deselect All Strings | Redraw button

•

(The FXS strings have now been colored magenta (8))

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Select the Connect button (bottom right group of buttons) | in the “Do you wish to

•

save changes to design strings before continuing” message dialog | select Yes

button •

In the Connect to Design summary dialog | leave the FXS Connect box ticked | select OK button (see diagram below – note that Mine2-4D has detected that both the

Design (strings) and the Design Definitions have changed )

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Notes: •

If you make any changes to the color, linestyle and symbol of the FXS, OUT or CXS strings, these must be reflected in the Design Definitions

•

After Editing design definitions: o

the Apply Current button action updates the strings Selected in the Design window with only Linking Attributes (i.e. Visual attributes)

o

the Connect button action updates the strings with the non-visual attributes e.g. Description

•

In the Design Definitions dialog, the editing of the Rate values (contains number and units) can be facilitated by using the Build Rate dialog. This can be accessed by: o

•

Select the relevant entry under the Rate column | Right-click | Build Rate

In the Design Definitions dialog, the editing of multiple entries for a single column to the same value (e.g. set Rate for all entries equal to 32,000), can be facilitated by using the Bulk Field Change tool. The procedure is as follows: o

Select multiple entries using Left-click + drag | Right-click | Bulk Field Change | in Bulk Field Changes dialog modify the relevant settings | select OK button

•

Edited Design Definitions that are not reconnected to the relevant design type strings will result in extra definitions. This can be fixed by deleting the extra definition and reconnecting the design definition to the relevant strings

•

The process of Connecting to the Design Types erases existing Walls, Points, Wireframes and evaluations that exist for the design types selected in the Connect to Design dialog

•

If Mine2-4D experiences programs runtime errors, check all settings under Project Setup when the project is again started

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Design Definitions and Editing Attributes in the Design window

Visual Attributes (Color, Linestyle and Symbol) and Non-Visual Attributes e.g. Description (string file field M4DDESC) can be edited via the Design Definitions table as shown in the previous step or, edited in the Design window using the Editing buttons in the Design group in the lower portion of the Design Definitions dialog. These buttons are highlighted in the diagram below.

Once the Edit Selected button and the relevant strings have been selected in the Design window, the Visual and Non-Visual Attributes are edited using the following palettes which are accessed via one of the four menu buttons located at the bottom of the Design window:

Attributes buttons

Color palette:

Symbol palette:

Linestyle palette:

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Attribute (non-visual) toolbar

This functionality can be demonstrated by returning the color of the FXS strings to red (2) (they should still be colored magenta (8) from the last section.

The procedure for Editing Attributes in the Design window is as follows:

1. If not already open : Open the Design Definitions dialog and view the design string types at the same time •

Vertical Menu | Design | Design Definitions | Connect tab | Connect to Definitions group | Design Definitions button

•

In the Clear Design Window dialog | tick View Design strings while editing Design Definition box | select Yes button

2. Move the Design Definitions dialog up slightly so that the Design window Color, Linestyles, Symbol and Attributes palettes are visible when used

3. In the Design Definitions dialog | select the FXS tab

4. Select the Edit Selected button and then select the first relevant Design string •

In the Design Definition dialog | Design group | select Edit Selected button

•

In the Design window | Left-click to select a string

5. Edit the required attribute (in this case the color palette red (2) button)

6. Repeat steps 4 (only select string) and 5 until all strings have been colored red (2)

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7. Select the Finish button

in the top left corner of the Design window when

complete

8. Redraw the Design window display

9. Refresh the Design Definitions list (only required if new strings have been added) •

In the Design Definition dialog | Design group | select Refresh List button

•

In the “Save Strings in the Design window and update the Design Definition table? This will update your Design string file with any changes” prompt dialog |

select Yes button

10. Remove extra Design Definition entry, color magenta (8) (only required if step 9 is select) •

In the Design Definitions table | Right-click on entry | Delete Current

11. Change the color of the remaining entry to red (2)

12. Connect the FXS Design Definition to the FXS strings •

In the Design Definitions dialog | Connect button

•

In the Connect to Design dialog | select OK (see diagram below for changes)

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Notes:

•

Multiple strings can be edited by first selecting the strings in the Design window, selecting the Edit Selected button and then changing the required attribute(s)

•

These design string types would typically be Validated before finalizing the Design Definitions and commencing with the Planning Process (validation will be demonstrated in 4.4 )

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4.4

Data Validation Tools ( Back )

Overview :

In addition to the numerous “process internal” data checks, there are a number of Data Validation Tools within Mine2-4D which provide specialist/stand-alone data checking functionality. These tools allow the user to easily perform validation at any stage of the Open Pit Design or Planning processes. The following data types can be validated:

•

•

Design data (strings) o

Design elements (Crests, Toes, Ramps)

o

Design types validation (FXS, OUT, CXS)

o

User defined

Block Model data

These design data validations are important as malformed strings can result in the creation of incorrect solids which can potentially result in the evaluation and reporting of incorrect volumes (and tonnages, grades). The following tools are available for the validation of data:

•

Data Validation Wizard

-

for the validation of Design data (strings)

•

General Checks

-

“

•

Block Model Validation Wizard -

for the validation of block models

It is considered good practice to validate the relevant design data after the following processes (as shown in the previous sections) have been completed:

•

Open Pit Design

•

Open Pit Preparation

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4.4.1

Design Data Validation


Please note that the validation of design data can either be done using the Data Validation Wizard (recommended) or using the Design Checks group buttons in the Design | Validation | Validation tab. The demonstration will focus on the use of the Data Validation

Wizard. This validation functionality can be demonstrated by validating the FXS, OUT and CXS strings that are output from the Design Definitions process.

The procedure for using the Data Validation Wizard is as follows:

1. Start the Data Validation Wizard and validate the FXS, OUT and CXS strings Vertical Menu | Design | Validation | Validation tab | Data Validation Wizard

•

button •

In the Data Validation Wizard (1) dialog | tick Fixed Cross Sectionals , Outlines and Complex Solids boxes | select Next> button

2. Do not remove Attributes from the string files •

In the Data Validation Wizard (2) - Attributes dialog | note that the four attributes list dialogs are empty for the four files (i.e. there are no extra attributes on the strings) | select Next> button

3. Flag the Invalid Point Strings •

In the Data Validation Wizard (3) – Invalid Point Strings dialog | note this is a compulsory validation | note that single point and double point stings are flagged and duplicate points in a string are removed | select Next> button

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4. Flag the Cross-Over Strings In the Data Validation Wizard (4) – Cross-Over Strings dialog | note this is a

•

compulsory validation | note that stings containing cross-overs are flagged | select Next> button

5. Flag the Duplicate Strings In the Data Validation Wizard (5) – Duplicate Strings dialog | note that stings

•

which are duplicates are flagged •

Set Duplicate Checking Precision to 0

•

In the Compare String Properties group | tick Complex Solids (FXS and OUT are unticked) In the Flag Partials group | tick Fixed Cross Sectionals and Outlines (CXS

•

unticked) Select Next> button

•

6. Flag the FXS String Points In the Data Validation Wizard (6) – Resolve FXS String Points dialog | note that

•

points within a certain distance within FXS stings are flagged •

Set Checking Distance to 0.5

•

In the Resolve Strings Options group | select Delete successive points … option

•

In the Resolve Strings Options group | tick Fixed Cross Sectionals , Outlines and Complex Solids

•

Select Next> button

7. Flag the Severe Angle Changes •

In the Data Validation Wizard (7) – Rectify Severe Angle Changes dialog | note that strings with exceeded azimuth and dip changes are flagged

•

In the Angle Checking - Options group | set Maximum Azimuth Change to 100

•

In the Angle Checking - Options group | set Maximum Dip Change to 45

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In the Angle Checking - Options group | tick Fixed Cross Sectionals , Outlines and

•

Complex Solids

Select Next> button

•

8. Flag the Outlines and Complex Solids with endlinking errors In the Data Validation Wizard (8) – Endlink Checking dialog | note that

•

endlinking is used to identify malformed strings which are then flagged •

Select Next> button

•

(Note that the Outlines and Complex Solids are loaded into the Design window during this stage of the validation process)

9. Flag the invalid Complex Solids In the Data Validation Wizard (9) – Complex Solid Checking dialog | note this is

•

a compulsory validation | note this process checks for the existence of pairs of strings with like COLOUR, LSTYLE and SYMBOL are then flags invalid strings Select Next> button

•

10. Review the data validation results in the Data Deletion dialog (see diagram below for an example of the output) •

Move the Data Validation Wizard window to the left of the screen

•

In the Design window | Zoom out | Pan data to right using Keyboard arrow key

•

In the Data Validation Wizard (10) – Data Deletion dialog

•

•

Note that the column headings are colored as follows: •

Black

-

no problem

•

Orange

-

potential problem string

•

Red

-

problem string

Note that the columns in the dialog correspond to the checks as follows •

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-

Duplicate Strings (dialog 5)

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•

Point

-

Resolve FXS String Points (dialog 6)

•

RSLVE

-

Resolve FXS String Points (dialog 6)

•

Angles

-

Rectify Severe Angle Changes (dialog 7)

•

CXS

-

Complex Solid Checking (dialog 9)

•

Endlink

-

Endlink Checking (dialog 8)

•

XO XY

-

Cross-Over Strings (dialog 4) in XY plane

•

XO XZ

-

Cross-Over Strings (dialog 4) in XZ plane

•

XO YZ

-

Cross-Over Strings (dialog 4) in YZ plane

•

Filtering and Viewing Flagged Data:

•

Select Show option (bottom right) (this allows the user to filter out rather than just highlight the relevant string(s) in the Design window)

•

Select Select Duplicates button to select all flagged strings in the list | select Apply Filter button to filter and display them in the Design window

•

Select a problem record in the results list | select Apply Filter button to filter and

display the individual record in the Design window •

Selecting multiple records is done using Ctrl+Left-click

•

Interpretation of the Results

•

There are a total of 257 strings in the FXS, OUT and CXS set of sting files (PVALUE = 257)

•

Using the Filtering and Viewing tools shown above, the results in the columns in the dialog can be interpreted as follows •

Dupl ID

-

Partial Duplicate strings identified. On inspection in Plan view, these are adjacent perimeters – no overlap.

•

Point

-

No problem - indicates the Number of points in each string.

•

RSLVE

-

No problems

•

Angles

-

Identified Outlines with Azimuth angles >=100o. On inspection in Plan view, no problems.

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•

CXS

-

No problems

•

Endlink

-

No problems

•

XO XY

-

No problems – this is the important plane for Open Pit string checks

•

XO XZ

-

Problems reported with Ramp and Temporary Ramp

strings. On inspection in W-E Plane, all are Ok. •

XO YZ

-

Problems reported with Ramp and Temporary Ramp

strings. On inspection in N-S Plane, all are Ok.

11. Return to Flag the Severe Angle Changes dialog and repeat angle checks for Azimuth >=270 and Dip>=7

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•

Use the
•

In the Data Validation Wizard (7) – Rectify Severe Angle Changes dialog

•

In the Angle Checking - Options group | set Maximum Azimuth Change to 270

•

In the Angle Checking - Options group | set Maximum Dip Change to 6

•

In the Angle Checking - Options group | tick Fixed Cross Sectionals , Outlines and Complex Solids

•

In the Rectify Severe Angle Changes dialog | select Next> button

•

In the Endlink Checking dialog | select Skip> button

•

In the Complex Solid Checking dialog | select Next> button

•

View the results in the Data Validation Wizard (10) – Data Deletion dialog (see diagram below for the first few results) and note that •

Fewer strings (only 4) have now been flagged for Angles and that these are Temporary Ramp strings with Dips between 6.19 o and 7.06 o (use Filtering tools as shown above and dropdown menu option Tools | Query | Strings to view and query the Dip values on these strings)

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12. Complete the validation process without changing or Erasing any Strings (no strings require editing) •

In the Data Validation Wizard (10) – Data Deletion dialog

•

Select Next> button

•

In the “Do you wish to save changes? …”message dialog | select No button

•

In the Data Validation – Cleaning Finished dialog | select Finish button

•

(The design string types are still displayed in the Design window)

Notes:

•

In the Data Validation Wizard (2) – Attributes dialog o

Allows the user to remove unwanted attributes fields from the design data. It is considered good practice to remove extra fields as these may slow down the automated Mine2-4D processes

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•

In the Data Validation Wizard (5) – Duplicate Strings dialog o

Check Design Definitions can be used to specify whether design definitions

are used to define duplicate strings. If toggled on, Mine2-4d will only flag duplicate strings which do not share the same COLOUR, LSTYLE AND SYMBOL combination. Otherwise, all spatial duplicates will be flagged. o

Flag Partials can be toggled to on search for strings which share two or more

points. This tool is especially useful for highlighting fixed cross sectional strings that share many points but each have at least one unique point. •

In the Data Validation Wizard (7) – Rectify Severe Angle Changes dialog o

For checks in the Open Pit environment, a typical Maximum Azimuth Change setting would be at least 270 (i.e. change angle for a closed rectangular perimeter)

o

For checks in the Open Pit environment, a typical Maximum Dip Change setting would be 1 (i.e. check that Outlines are horizontal) and 6 o (1:10 gradient = 5.7o ) (i.e. checks on Ramp gradients)

•

In the Data Validation Wizard (10) – Results dialog o

A cross over string is calculated on view planes. While the system will flag crossovers they MUST be checked by the user. Looping strings will also be reported as crossovers

•

The Advanced Design Stats tool (under Data Validation | Data Validation tab | General Checks group | Advanced Design Stats button) allows the user to view a

summary list (for all strings) of the string statistics that are typically listed in the Output window when the Tools | Query | Strings option is used. It provides an easy means of viewing this information. The interface also provides string checking and editing functionality.

4.4.2

Block Model Data Validation


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The validation of Block Model data is done using the Block Model Validation Wizard .

This validation functionality can be demonstrated by validating the geological block model vb_m4d_npvmod1 that is to be used in the Evaluation of Solids process.

The procedure for using the Block Model Validation Wizard is as follows:

1. Start the Model Validation Wizard Vertical Menu | Planning | Solids & Evaluation | Evaluation tab | Block Model

•

Validation Wizard button

2. Perform the validation using the parameters listed in the summary table below •

In the Select Fields to include in the Output Model dialog | select Next> button

•

In the Missing or Negative values in fields dialog | select Next> button

•

In the “Performing an evaluation with … continue?” message dialog | select OK button In the “Mine2-4D Block Model Validation successful …” dialog | select Finish

•

button

Block Model Validation Wizard dialogs Option Welcome to the Mine2-4D Block

Setting

Model Validation Wizard (1) Block Model File: Backup Model if changes are made

vb_m4d_npvmod1 

Select Fields to include in the Output Model dialog (2) Field

Type

AU





CU









NLITH

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Include






TOTAL_TB





ZONE





ZONE_F





NPVSEQ

Missing or Negative values in fields dialog (3) Field

Missing

Negative

Action

NPVSEQ

None

TOTAL_TB

None

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Notes:

•

The creation of the mining block model for this demonstration involved the combination of the geological block model and the NPVScheduler output model. The following post-combination manipulation was required: o

Set default values for all parameters in the block model, where blocks contain missing values

o

Remove excess subcells at the surface (a result of combining a subcell with a full parent cell model)

•

In the Block Model Validation Wizard (3) – Missing or Negative Values dialog o

The missing values are a result of the addition of the NPV Scheduler ultimate pit output model and the geological model. Missing values are outside of the area of interest.

o

Some of the TOTAL_TB values (in deeper and outer model blocks) are negative – these blocks fall outside the ultimate pit volume

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4.5

The Planning Process ( Back )

Overview :

Once the Open Pit Design Process has been completed, the design data is ready for the Open Pit Planning Process. This typically consists of the following steps:

•

Preparation

-

generation of Walls and Points and the application of Design and Activity Attributes

•

Solids

-

generation of FXS, OUT and CXS solids (volumes)

•

Evaluation

-

evaluation of the solids against the block model

•

Sequencing

-

generation of automatic and manual extraction sequences

•

Reporting

-

generation of reports, statistics, graphs and animations

This functionality can be demonstrated by using the output from the Open Pit Design Process to generate Walls & Points, Solids, Evaluations and Sequences for the various FXS, OUT and CXS design types. The Reporting is covered in the next section 4.6 Reporting. This portion of the demonstration will demonstrate the generation of new sets of Walls & Points, Solids and Evaluations, while making use of an existing set of Sequence Rules to generate an extraction sequence for the mining blocks.

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4.5.1

Planning Preparation

Overview :

The Planning – Preparation interface provides the following functionality:

•

Application of Design Attributes (Visual and Non-Visual) *

•

Generation of Walls and Points

•

Application of Activity Attributes

•

Generation of Derived Activities *

-

apply Automatic Attributes

* - not used in this demonstration

The user is assisted by the layout and indicated work flow (green arrows) in the interface. Only the Attributes and Derived Activities defined under Project Setup are able to form part of this process. The processes under the Generate Walls & Points group allow for the generation of two sets of data from the design string types:

•

Walls

-

closed strings representing the planar 3D outline of each design segment. Used to create 3D solids.

•

Points

-

points representing a “centroid” position for each segment. Used to generate dependency (link) strings in the sequencing process


This functionality can be demonstrated by: •

Generating new sets of Walls & Points for the FXS, OUT and CXS strings created in the section 4.4 Open Pit Planning Process

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•

Applying the “BENCH” Automatic Attribute using the grid strings file vb_m4d_grid_xz_bench that was defined under Project Setup

Generation of Walls and Points

The procedure for Generating Walls & Points (see summary settings table below) is as follows:

1. Start the Planning Preparation menu •

Vertical Menu | Planning | Preparation | Preparation tab

2. Generate the FXS Walls & Points •

In the Preparation tab | Generate Walls & Points group | select Fixed Cross Sectionals button

•

In the Fixed Cross Sectional Preparation dialog | untick option Create single outline of each design string | select OK button

•

In the “Fixed X Sectional wireframes exist.” message dialog | select Yes button

•

View the automatically loaded results in the Design window (see diagram below) •

The FXS strings (Trim blast limits) have been used to generate Walls (and their internal segments) (individual closed strings) using the dimensions specified in the Design Definitions

•

Walls are offset to the inside of the FXS strings

•

Each corresponding segment point is depicted as an orientated (in direction of internal sequence), colored arrow

•

Green

-

start segment

•

Blue

-

intermediate segment(s)

•

Red

-

end segment

View the results in the Visualizer •

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3. Generate the OUT Walls & Points •

In the Preparation tab | Generate Walls & Points group | select Outlines button

•

In the Outlines Preparation dialog | tick option Create centerlines automatically | select OK button

•

In the “Outline wireframes exist.” message dialog | select Yes button

•

View the automatically loaded results in the Design window (see diagram below): •

The OUT strings (Blast1 and Blast2 outlines) have been used to generate Walls (individual closed strings)

•

Outlines have not been subdivided into segments

•

Each corresponding Point is represented by a circle symbol, positioned at the centroid of each closed string

•


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4. Generate the Complex Solids Walls & Points In the Preparation tab | Generate Walls & Points group | select Complex Solids

•

button •

In the Complex Solids dialog | untick option Load previously created centre links, points and walls | select OK button

•

In the “Complex Solids wireframes exist.” message dialog | select Yes button

•

View the automatically loaded results in the Design window (see diagram below): •

The CXS strings (Ramps and Temporary Ramps limits) have been used to generate Walls (individual closed strings)

•

Each corresponding Point is represented by a square symbol, positioned at the centroid of each closed string pair

•


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Generate Walls and Points dialogs Option FXS Preparation Create single outline for each design string

OUT Preparation Create centerlines automatically CXS Preparation Load previously created centre links,

Setting  



points and walls Notes: •

The Points are saved in the tables named point* e.g. points_all_0

•

The Walls strings are saved in the tables named wall* e.g. walls_all_0

•

The generation of Walls & Points adds Attribute SEGMENT to the Walls and Points

•

The generation of Walls & Points adds Attribute NAME to the Points

•

FXS (Trims) segments are sequenced in direction away from bottom of the Ramps

Application of Automatic Attributes

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This process will add the Attribute BENCH, defined under Project Setup, only to the Points (also referred to as Activities). At the same time, the activity NAME is also updated, using the rule defined under Project Setup. The dialog performs various checks before applying the attributes; the OK button is only enabled when data and settings are valid.

The procedure for Applying Automatic Attributes (see summary settings table below) is as follows:

1. Start the Planning Preparation menu Vertical Menu | Planning | Preparation | Preparation tab

•

2. Apply the Automatic Attributes •

In the Preparation tab | Apply Activity Attributes group | select Automatic button

•

In the Automatic Attribute Application dialog | select OK button

3. View the Points file points_all_0 in the Design window and annotate points with BENCH attribute •

In the Design window | Right-click | Load | Points | browse and select points_all_0

•

Zoom Extents using the View Control Toolbar | Zoom Extents button

•

Set point annotation on BENCH: Format | Annotation | Points | Create

•

In the Point Annotation dialog | select tab 1 | set Field = BENCH | select Apply button

•

View the results in the Design window i. Points in the far north have BENCH=200 ii. Points in the far south have BENCH =120

•

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Automatic Attribute Application dialog Option Setting Attribute

BENCH

Method Object Valid

Automatic Application – 2D Grid XZ Plane vb_m4d_grid_xz_bench 

Notes:

•

In the Project Setup, when defining Automatic Attributes using Grids, make sure that the selected Plane i.e. XY, XZ or YZ corresponds with the plane in which the Grid strings are located

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4.5.2

Solids Creation

Overview :

The Solids Creation processes generate Solids (wireframe volumes) from the Walls (strings) and their associated Design Definition parameters. These Solids will later be used in the Evaluation process. The Solid Modeling interface provides the following functionality:

•

Creation of Solids

•

Editing of Solids *

•

Viewing of Solids




Generating new Solids for the FXS, OUT and CXS strings created in the section 4.5.1 Planning Preparation

•

Viewing the Solids in the Design window

Generation of Solids

The procedure for Generating Solids (see summary settings table below) is as follows:

1. Start the Solids Modeling menu •

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2. Generate the FXS Solids •

In the Solid Model tab | Create Solids group | select Fixed Cross Sectionals button

•

In the Fixed Cross Sectionals Solid Modeling dialog | tick option Show wireframes on completion | select OK button

3. View the automatically loaded FXS Solids (wireframes) in the Design and Visualizer windows (see diagram below) •

These Solids represent the Trims (found only on Benches 120 – 80)

•

Wireframes are colored according to the Design Definitions parameters

•

Each Wall segment has generated a wireframe volume

4. Generate the OUT Solids •

In the Solid Model tab | Create Solids group | select Outlines button

•

In the Outlines Solid Modeling dialog | select option Minimum Surface Area

•

In the Outlines Solid Modeling dialog | tick option Optimal Linking

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•

select OK button

5. View the automatically loaded OUT Solids (wireframes) in the Design and Visualizer windows (see diagram below) •

These Solids represent the Blast1 and Blast2 wireframes

•

Wireframes are colored according to the Design Definitions parameters •

Benches 200 – 140

•

Benches 120 – 80

-

Blue (7) -

Yellow (4)

6. Generate the CXS Solids (see Notes below) •

In the Solid Model tab | Create Solids group | select Complex Solids button

•

(The CXS strings are automatically loaded in the Design window)

•

In the Complex Solids Solid Modeling dialog

•

In the Current Complex Solid group | tick option Auto Zoom

•

In the Current Complex Solid group | tick option Auto Visualizer

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In the Commands - Wireframe Linking Method group | select option EquiAngular Shape | tick option Optimal Linking |

•

In the Commands – Auto Wireframe Stopes group | select AutoLink All button

•

In the “This option will erase … relink …” message dialog | Select Yes button

•

(The wireframes will sequentially be created [according to the order in the dialog list] and displayed in the Design window. On completion, all wireframes will be displayed in both the Design and Visualizer windows)

•

Select Continue button

7. View the automatically loaded CXS Solids (wireframes) in the Design and Visualizer windows (see both diagrams below, two pages on) •

The Cyan (6) Solids represent the Temporary Ramps wireframes (pairs of surfaces – top wedge; volumes – bottom wedge)

•

The Green (5) Solids represent the Ramp wireframes (pairs of surfaces)

8. View individual wireframes using Autochange option and filtering (useful checking tool) •

In the Current Complex Solid group | tick option Autochange

•

Select a wireframe item listed in the dialog ( Left-click )

•

View the filtered wireframe in the Visualizer

•

After viewing various wireframes | select Remove All Filters button

9. Note: the Wireframe tools (highlighted in red in the diagram below) can be used to erase and create individual wireframes (useful for dealing with difficult wireframes)

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10. Save the new wireframes and close the Solids Modeling dialog •

the Complex Solids Solid Modeling dialog

•

select Continue button

•

(The wireframes are saved and volumes are recalculated)

Create Solids dialogs Option FXS Solid Modeling

Setting

Show wireframes on completion



OUT Solid Modeling Wireframe Linking Method 

Minimum Surface Area Equi-Angular Shape



Proportional Length



Optimal Linking



CXS Solid Modeling Current Complex Solid Auto Zoom



Auto Change



Auto Visualizer



Commands – Wireframe Linking Method 

Minimum Surface Area

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

Proportional Length



Optimal Linking



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Notes:

•

Optimal Linking - increases the accuracy of the linking process, but will take

slightly more time. It is recommended to leave the Optimal Linking option ON •

Wireframe Linking Method - No method will work 100% of the time. Each

algorithm will work differently on different data sets. Find the linking method that works best for your data by running the data through using each method. Generally, on similar data the same method will continue to provide consistent results •

FXS Solids Creation - the Minimum Surface Area linking method produces good

results with this data set •

OUT Solids Creation - the Minimum Surface Area linking method produces good


CXS Solids Creation - the Equi-Angular Shape linking method produces good


CXS Solids Creation - use of Proportional Length linking method and Optimal

Linking typically creates wireframe volumes for both the Ramp and Temporary ramps. The evaluation of these volumes yields less accurate results (i.e. less accurate volumes and tonnages) than for pairs of wireframe surfaces

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Viewing of Solids

The created Solids can either be viewed on creation (as shown in the last section) or at any other stage by using the View Solids options (no filtering options available). It is good practice to view all the design Solids together to check that there are no overlaps or gaps between adjacent Solids.

This can be demonstrated by viewing all the Solids created in the last section. The procedure for viewing all the design Solids is as follows:

1. Start the Solids Modeling menu •

Vertical Menu | Planning | Solids & Evaluation | Solid Model tab

2. View all the design Solids in the Visualizer (see diagram below) •

In the Solid Model tab | View Solids group | tick option Clear Design Window

•

In the Solid Model tab | View Solids group | tick option Load Solids to Visualizer

•

In the Solid Model tab | View Solids group | select All Design Types button

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4.5.3

Evaluation of Solids

Overview :

It is considered good practice to Validate any Block Models before they are used in the Evaluating of Solids .

If not yet done, please proceed to 4.4.2 Block Model Data Validation for a review of the Block Model Validation procedure before continuing with the Evaluation of Solids.

The Solids generated in the previous section represent the various elements of the open pit design (i.e. Trims, Blasts, Ramps, Temporary Ramps). These Solids are now used to Evaluate against the block model in order to evaluate/calculate the following (as defined under Project Setup) for each wireframe volume:

•

Property ZONE

•

Property NPVSEQ

•

Property AU (weighted on Density)

•

Property CU (weighted on Density)

•

Density (from DENSITY field)

•

Volume

•

Tonnes

This evaluation process performs a sequence of Interrogation and Depletion Actions as defined under Project Setup. The Solids Evaluation interface provides the following functionality:

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•

Evaluation of a Design

- evaluate the design against the block model

•

Manual Evaluation Editing *

- remove non required fields from evaluations

•

Update of Derived Activities *

- update Derived Activities with evaluation results

•

Block Model Validation




Evaluating FXS, OUT and CXS Solids against the block model vb_m4d_npvmod1

•

Evaluate using the Legend OpenPit_ZONE_F to determine the volumes and tonnages of the various material types (field ZONE_F) o

0 = Waste

o

1 = Upper Ore1(Siltstone unit)

o

2 = Lower Ore2 (Breccia unit)

Evaluate Design

The procedure for Evaluating Solids (see summary settings table below) is as follows:

1. Start the Evaluation menu •

Vertical Menu | Planning | Solids & Evaluation | Evaluation tab

2. Evaluate the Design •

In the Evaluation tab | select Evaluate Design button

3. Use the settings listed in the summary table below to complete the evaluation process

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•

In the Evaluation dialog (1) | define settings and select OK button

•

In the “The following fields … contain missing or negative values … NPVSEQ … TOTAL_TB … continue … ?” message dialog | select OK button

•

In the Evaluation dialog (2) | follow the progress of the Interrogation/Depletion Actions as shown in the Step status box

•

In the “WARNING – At least 4 records contain Negative Evaluation values … NPVSEQ … NPVSEQ1 Was … ?” message dialog | select OK button

4. View the results in the Interrogation Report dialog •

These are useful for indicating potential problem evaluations (i.e. problem solids)

•

As a general volume check, values should be in the region of:

•

o

Blasts:

48,000 m3

o

Ramps:

37,500 m3

o

Temp ramps:

21,000 m 3

o

Trims:

20,000 m3

In the Interrogation Report dialog | select Exit button

5. View the results in the Data Reporting dialog •

These represent the evaluations of the completed sequence of Interrogation/Depletion Actions

•

The Columns listed in the left pane represent all fields that were used in the evaluation

•

Evaluation results are for the evaluation of the Geological (mining) model

•

The results in the right pane be grouped by various fields for better interpretation and analysis of the results

•

Each evaluation Property field appears three times (once for each evaluation category i.e. ZONE =1,2,3) and is indicated by the corresponding field suffixes (1 Wst, 2 Or1, 3 Or2) in the respective columns

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6. View the results in the Data Reporting dialog grouped by BENCH •

In the Data Reporting dialog | select and drag BENCH field header box into upper dialog (the action can be undone by dragging the box back to its original position)

•

Results are now grouped by benches 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200

•

Select the [+] symbol to expand the results tree; select [-] to close the tree

•

Expand the results for Bench 80

•

The majority of mining blocks are Waste (the first 11 entries contain totals under Volume1 Wst columns, none under Volume2 Or2 or Volume3 Or3 columns)

•

The minority of mining blocks contain Waste and Ore (the remaining 7 entries also contain totals under columns Volume2 Or2 or Volume3 Or3 )

•

Mining blocks containing ore can be seen under the Bench 80 (last 7 entries) and Bench 100 (last two entries) groups

7. Complete the Evaluation process by closing the Data Reporting dialog •

In the Data Reporting dialog | select Close button

Design Evaluation dialogs Option Evaluation dialog (1)

Setting 

All Selected Retain Depletion Models for Validation Legend to use in Evaluation Display report grid on completion

 

OpenPit_ZONE_F 

Data Reporting dialog BENCH

Group By Columns:

ZONE

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Table Notes:

•

Evaluation dialog (1) o

The legend defined under Project Setup is used to control the evaluation

o

Individual design elements can be selected for evaluation when the Selected option is activated

•

Evaluation message (2) - WARNING o

The NPVSEQ field contains negative values (-2) for blocks falling outside of the Ultimate Pit limits – a very small portion of such blocks fall within the practical pit design limits. Message can be ignored.

•

The complete Evaluation processing may take a few minutes (3-4 minutes) depending on the speed of the computer

•

Data Reporting dialog o

Reporting results can be grouped by multiple columns (drag all required grouping columns to the top dialog) if required

•

Both the Interrogation Report and Data Reporting results can be exported to *.csv format files using the Save to CSV option buttons in the respective dialogs

Notes:

•

The Evaluation process automatically uses the Density values (obtained from the field DENSITY) from the block model when calculating tonnages

•

The Default Density value is used when evaluating Solids against areas that do not contain model blocks or against blocks without a DENSITY value

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4.5.4

Sequencing

Overview :

The Sequencing process is used to generate a mining/extraction sequence for all the elements of the open pit design (i.e. Trims, Blasts, Ramps, Temporary Ramps) based on the Descriptions set up in the Design Definitions dialog. The generation of this sequence is controlled by the Dependencies defined between the various design elements. These design elements are represented by the Points (also referred to as Activities) generated by the processes reviewed in section 4.5.1 Planning Preparation .

These open pit design elements’ Dependencies are set up using both automatic and manual options. The automatic options in the Automatic Dependency Definitions menu use a Rule approach in the setup of their definitions. These Dependency Definitions are then used to automatically generate as much of the extraction sequence as possible (in this demonstration, the dependencies controlling the sequencing of the Ramps and Blast1 design elements). The manual options in the Manual Dependency Editing menu are used to set up the remaining

Dependencies (in this demonstration, the dependencies controlling the within-bench sequence of the Blast1 and Blast2 design elements; between-bench dependencies). The methodology for sequencing the Open Pit design elements is discussed in further detail below. Visualization tools allow for the visual checking of the resultant sequence.

This generated sequence can make use of either a Dummy Evaluation or the Evaluation Results created in the previous section 4.5.3 Evaluation of Solids. This sequence can then be exported for scheduling in Earthworks Production Scheduler (other options are available). It is recommended that you review the following sections in the Help documentation for an overview of Automatic and Manual Sequencing: Menubar | Help | Contents | Contents tab | Mine2-4D Processes & Commands | Processes | Planning | Sequencing

The Sequencing interface provides the following functionality:

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•

Automatic Sequencing menu

-

definition of Automatic Dependency Definitions and generation of dependencies

•

Manual Sequencing menu

•

Editing Sequence Constraints *

•

Sequence Export

•

Scheduling Options *

-

definition of Dependency Layers

-

displaying Dependencies using Layers

-

digitizing and editing manual dependencies

-

Animation tools

-

Sequence tools

-

Filters tools *

-

Auto Links tools *

-

Generate tools *

-

Checks tools

-

EPS Link tools *

-

Derived Activities tools *


The general procedure for the Sequencing Process is as follows: •

Create Automatic Dependency Definitions

•

Create automatic dependencies

•

Define Dependency Layers

•

Create manual dependencies

•

Check and Save dependencies

•

Export Sequence (for Scheduling in EPS - Earthworks Production Scheduler)


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Reviewing the Automatic Dependency Definitions

•

Recreating the automatic dependencies for the Blast1 and Ramps design elements

•

Reviewing the existing Dependency Layers Definitions

•

Displaying existing Dependencies using Layer control

•

Creating and erasing an example manual dependency

•

Checking the dependencies using the available tools

•

Visualizing the generated sequence using Animation

•

Exporting the Sequence using the evaluated results

Open Pit Sequencing Methodology

The sequencing of the Open Pit design elements in this demonstration has used the following methodology (please see the diagrams at the end of this section for examples of the graphical dependencies generated for this demonstration):

Sequences are grouped and placed on separate Layers as follows:

•

•

o

Each within-bench manual dependency set

o

All between-bench manual dependencies

o

Blast1 between-bench automatic dependencies

NPVSEQ number (block model, colored using Legend OpenPit_NPVSEQ, 100 blocks per bin) used to guide the sequence for digitizing of manual dependencies

•

The main control for the extraction sequence (using the NPV extraction sequence as defined by NPVSEQ) is given by the combination of the within-bench dependencies and between-bench dependencies

•

Automatic dependencies used to control Ramp extraction

•

Automatic dependencies used to control the overall within-pit slope angles and access space by simulating an extraction cone ( Blast1 only)

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Creation of Automatic Dependency Definitions

The procedure for reviewing the Automatic Dependency Definitions is as follows:

1. Start the Sequencing menu and Automatic Sequencing tool •

Vertical Menu | Planning | Sequencing | Sequencing tab

•

In the Sequencing tab | Sequencing group | select Automatic button

2. Review the set of Automatic Dependency Definitions (see summary settings table below), noting the following •

•

Contains six different rules •

Rule 1

-

dependencies between Ramps (Benches 80, 100, 120)

•

Rules 2-5

-

Blast1 “Cone” dependencies (Benches 140, 160, 180)

•

Rule 6

-

Blast1 “Vertical” dependencies (Benches 140, 160, 180)

The linking string direction (sequence) is indicated by the string arrow (located at string midpoint)

•

Successor options not used

•

Linking is spatially controlled by the Search options (Radius, Method, Azi & Dip constraints, Search Radius Divisors)

•

Linking (Dependency) strings are placed on separate Dependency Layers for improved control (see dialog column Layer - Layers are covered in a later section)

•

These Rules will generate linking (Dependency) strings that link Predecessors to Search Origins located at a lower elevation (using Azimuths where defined)

3. A list of potential Dependencies for the current design strings can be generated using the Generate Automatic Dependency Rules dialog •

In the Automatic Dependency Generation dialog | select Generate button

•

The selection of Restrictions options and Descriptions control generation of Rules

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•

DO NOT select OK in the Generate Automatic Dependency Rules dialog

•

Running this option overwrites the existing set of Automatic Dependency Definitions

•

This option can be useful when first setting up the Automatic Dependency Definitions

•

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Automatic Dependency Definitions dialog Option

Setting 

Process Multiple Rules Save

OPM1

Automatic

Dep. No.

1

2

3

4

5

6

Search Origin

Description

Ramp

Blast1

Blast1

Blast1

Blast1

Blast1

Predecessor

Position Description

ANY Ramp

ANY Blast1

ANY Blast1

ANY Blast1

ANY Blast1

ANY Blast1

Position

ANY

ANY

ANY

ANY

ANY

ANY

Overrider Description

END Ramp

ANY Blast1

ANY Blast1

ANY Blast1

ANY Blast1

ANY Blast1

Position

MID

START

START

START

START

START

START 0d

START 0d

START 0d

START 0d

START 0d

START 0d

Successor

Properties

Overrider Delay

Search

Type Radius

FS 250

FS 125

FS 125

FS 125

FS 125

FS 25

Std (- Z)

Con (-Z)

Con (-Z)

Con (-Z)

Con (-Z)

Std (-Z)

Use

Method Azi













Constraints

Dip













User Def

User Def 0

User Def 90

User Def 180

User Def 270

User Def

Search Origin Search

Main

Azimuth

1

-45

-45

-45

-45

44

44

44

44

Search Dip

2 Main 1

Search Radius

2 X

1

1

1

1

1

10

Divisors

Y

1

1

1

1

1

10

Z

1 10

1 14

1 14

1 14

1 14

1 11

Layer

Option

Setting

View Link Report



Preserve Manual Dependencies



Preserve Long Term Dependencies



Suppress Duplicate Error Report



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Table Notes (Automatic Dependency Dependency Definitions Definitions dialog)

•

The Dependency Rules make use of Description attributes, segment Position attributes and spatial Search techniques for linking the Activities (Points), in this demonstration: o

Search Origin, Predecessor Predecessor and Successor 

Ramp have a MID Position (Yellow circle point)(can use ANY in Rule)



TRamp have a MID Position (Yellow square point)(can use ANY in

Rule) 

Blast1 and Blast2 have a MID Position (Yellow circle points)(can use

ANY in Rule) 

Trim have START (Green arrow point), MID (Blue arrow point) and

END Positions (Red arrow point) 

Use is made of the Search Origin and Predecessor options; Successor options are “turned off” by defining invalid Position settings



A Dependency link connects a Predecessor Activity to an Origin Activity in that order (arrow on link string points from Predecessor to Origin)

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Creation of Automatic Dependencies Dependencies

The procedure for creating the Automatic Dependencies is as follows:

1. Start Start the Automa Automatic tic Sequen Sequencin cing g menu menu •


•

In the Sequencing tab | Sequencing group | select Automatic button

2. Create the the Automatic Automatic Dependen Dependencies cies while while Preserving Preserving the the Manual Depend Dependencies encies (see (see summary settings table below) •

Check that the Preserve manual Dependencies Dependencies box is ticked

•

Select the Process button

•

In the Duplicate Automatic Dependencies message (10 duplicates generated …) dialog | select OK button

•

(Mine2-4D will complete processing the automatic dependencies and then start the Manual Dependency Editing menu and load all the Automatic (just generated) and existing Manual dependencies into the Design window)

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Definition of Dependency Dependency Layers

The definition of Dependency Layers and grouping of similar dependencies allows for the improved control (management, viewing) of the different categories of Automatic and Manual dependencies.

The procedure for reviewing the existing Dependency Layers is as follows:

1. Start th the Manual Dependency Editing menu (If not still open from the last section Creation of Automatic Dependencies) •


•

In the Sequencing tab | Sequencing group | select Manual button

•

(All design elements and Automatic and Manual dependencies are loaded in the Design window)

•

In the Manual Dependency Editing dialog (see diagram below) o

The vertical Options menu (on left) (more details in a later section) provides various Dependencies tools – their dialogs are displayed in the upper half of the Manual Dependency Editing dialog (the default is the Animation option)

o

The lower half of the dialog contains 

Dependencies options for Layers control, digitizing and filtering of

dependencies 

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Commands buttons for editing Dependency points and strings

119


2. Access the Dependency Layers dialog In the Manual Dependency Editing dialog | Dependencies group | select Layer:

•

button

3. Review the different layers defined in the Dependency Layers dialog (see table below) •

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Bench_* Layers contain within-bench dependencies for each Bench

120


•

Between Benches Layer contains dependencies that link Ramp, TRamp, Trims, Blast1 and Blast2 Activities on different Benches

•

Extraction Cone and Extraction Cone Vertical Layers contain dependencies that

link Blast1 Activities on different benches

4. Layers can be added or deleted by using the dialog options •

In the Dependency Layers dialog | select Right-click | select option

•

DO NOT modify Layers

5. Layers can be selected for Display by ticking the required boxes in the View column •

Untick all View boxes

•

Tick the View box for the Bench_200 Layer

6. Close the Dependency Layers dialog and save changes •

In the Dependency Layers dialog | select OK button

Description Bench_80 Bench_100 Bench_120 Bench_140 Bench_160 Bench_180 Bench_200 Between Benches Extraction Cone Extraction Cone Vertical Ramp-Ramp

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View

Color 55 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 9 14 11 10

           

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Default

Default

Type

Delay

Finish-Start Finish-Start Finish-Start Finish-Start Finish-Start Finish-Start Finish-Start Finish-Start Finish-Start Finish-Start Finish-Start Finish-Start

0d 0d 0d 0d 0d 0d 0d 0d 0d 0d 0d 0d


Notes

•

The use of Layers facilitates the creation of manual dependencies by displaying only the required Dependencies. The use of Filters in addition can assist with the initial stages of creating manual Dependencies by allowing the user to display only those Walls and Points relevant for the set of Dependencies being created at the time. Walls / Points Filters are accessed as follows: o

In the Manual Dependency Editing menu | Left Vertical Menu | Filters | select the Current filter from the dropdown | select Apply Current Filter button

o

•


Once Dependencies have been created, the Dependencies, Walls and Points (Activities) for a particular bench can best be displayed only using the Layers filtering

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Viewing Manual Dependencies

The procedure for Viewing Dependencies using Layer control in connection with the block model is as follows:

1. Start the Manual Dependency Editing menu (If not still open from the last section Definition of Dependency Layers ) •


•


2. Load the block model vb_m4d_npvmod1and color it using the OpenPit_NPVSEQ Legend •

In the Design window | Right-click | Load | Block Model | In Select Block Model File dialog | select vb_m4d_npvmod1 | select Select button

•

In the Menubar | select Format | Legends | Define | select Save OpenPit_NPVSEQ | select Apply Model button | select Exit button

3. Set the View Control settings to use a 20m clipping and 5x vertical exaggeration •

In the View Control toolbar

•

Select Set Clipping button | set Front to 10 and Back to 9 | select OK (when view is set to mid-bench elevation, these clippings allow viewing of the block model slice and current Bench strings and dependencies )

•

Select the Use Clipping toggle button

•

Select Set Exaggeration button | set Z to Factor 5

4. Select the Bench_200 Layer for Viewing in the Dependency Layers dialog •

Set the Design window elevation to mid-bench elevation 190m using the View Control toolbar | Move Plane Backwards / Forwards buttons

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In the Manual Dependency Editing dialog | Dependencies group | select Layer

•

button •

In the Dependency Layers dialog

•

Untick all the View boxes (if not already done)

•

Tick the View box for the Bench_200 Layer (if not already done)

•

Select the OK button

5. Display the selected Dependency Layers •

In the Manual Dependency Editing dialog | Dependencies group

•

Select Display Selected Layers button

•

Note the following (see diagram below – block model not displayed): •

These Manual Dependencies start at the southwestern corner of the Bench, connecting Blast1 Activities lying in east-west rows, moving towards the north

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•

The arrows indicate the sequence of extraction

•

The last Blast1 is connected to the upper TRamp Activity (Yellow square)

124


6. View the other layers as described in the steps below. It is recommended that the following Dependency Layers are displayed and reviewed: •

One of Bench_200 – Bench_140

•

One of Bench_120 – Bench_80

•

Between Benches

•

Extraction Cone + Extraction Cone Vertical (together)

•

Ramp-Ramp

7. Repeat Steps 3. and 4. for Bench_180 Layer (view at mid-bench 170m elevation) •


These Manual Dependencies start at the southwestern corner of the Bench, connecting Blast1 Activities lying in east-west rows, moving towards the north and then follows onto the Activities lying in north-south rows in the east

•

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The 22nd last Blast1 is connected to the upper TRamp Activity

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•

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The 18th last Blast1 is connected to the upper TRamp Activity

126





•

The 12th last Blast1 Activity is connected to the upper TRamp Activity

•

The second diagram below shows how the sequence of the Dependencies can be guided by the NPVSEQ colors of the block model

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The Ramp Activity is connected to the first Blast2 Activity in the northwest

•

The Blast2 Dependencies are sequenced away from the Ramp in a westerly direction (NPVSEQ followed for Activities away from the Ramp)

•

The last Blast2 Activity is connected to the START (Green arrow point) of the Trim Activities

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The Ramp Activity is connected to the first Blast2 Activity in the southwest

•

The Blast2 Dependencies are sequenced away from the Ramp into the centre of the bench where they then move both west and east

•


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The Ramp Activity is connected to the first Blast2 Activity in the southwest

•

The Blast2 Dependencies are sequenced away from the Ramp into the centre of the bench where they then move both west and east

•


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13. Display the Dependencies for the Between Benches Layer without the block model (set the view at approximately mid-design elevation without clipping) Close model file using Menubar | File | Close | Block Model | In Output window |

•

select OK button •

Remove the View Clipping using the View Control toolbar | toggle Use Clipping off

•

Select and Display the Between Benches Layer for Viewing in the Dependency Layers dialog as outlined in Steps 4. and 5. above

View the results in the Visualizer using Right-click in the Design window | Update

•

Visualizer Objects •


The Dependencies linking Blast1 / Blast2 Activities between different benches – these enhance the within-bench Dependencies

•

The last Blast1 Activity on Bench 140 is connected to the Bench 120 Ramp Activity

•

The END Trim Activity on Bench 120 is connected to the Bench 100 Ramp Activity

•

The END Trim Activity on Bench 100 is connected to the Bench 80 Ramp Activity

•

A Dependency string connects the END Trim Activity on Bench 80 and all the lower TRamp Activities in sequence from the lowest to the highest in elevation

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14. Display the Dependencies for the Extraction Cone and Extraction Cone Vertical Layers without the block model (set the view at approximately mid-design elevation without clipping) If not already closed from the previous step, close model file using Menubar | File |

•

Close | Block Model | In Output window | select OK button •


•

Select and Display the Extraction Cone and Extraction Cone Vertical Layers for Viewing in the Dependency Layers dialog as outlined in Steps 4. and 5. above View the results in the Visualizer using Right-click in the Design window | Update

•


Note the following (see diagrams below – block model not displayed): •

These automatic blue Dependencies link Blast1 Activities between different benches – these ensure that the Activities that are directly above (only within one bench’s distance) the current Activity are extracted before the current Activity

•

These automatic grey Dependencies link Blast1 Activities between different benches – these ensure that the Activities that are within a 45 degree cone above (only within one bench’s distance) the current Activity are extracted before the current Activity

•

The blue and grey Dependencies ensure that all Activities are linked within the 45 degree “extraction cone”

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15. Display the Dependencies for the Ramp-Ramp Layer without the block model (set the view at approximately mid-design elevation without clipping) If not already closed from the previous step, close model file using Menubar | File |

•



•

Select and Display the Ramp-Ramp Layer for Viewing in the Dependency Layers dialog as outlined in Steps 4. and 5. above View the results in the Visualizer using Right-click in the Design window | Update

•



These automatic Dependencies link Ramp Activities between the different benches, highest to lowest in elevation (these Dependencies are redundant (but are included as an example) as some of the manual Between Benches Dependencies ensure the correct sequence from one bench to the next)

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16. Display the Dependencies for All Layers without the block model (set the view at approximately mid-design elevation without clipping) If not already closed from the previous step, close model file using Menubar | File |

•



•

Select and Display All Layers for Viewing in the Dependency Layers dialog as outlined in Steps 4. and 5. above View the results in the Visualizer using Right-click in the Design window | Update

•

Visualizer Objects

Notes

A sequence of Dependencies can be defined by a multiple-point string and need not

•

be defined by multiple two-point strings e.g. within-bench Dependencies

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Creation and Deletion of Manual Dependencies

All of the Manual Dependencies for this project have already been defined. As an example, an extra Between-Benches Dependency can be added (and NOT saved) between the upper portions (represented by the upper of the two square points on each Temporary Ramp set) of the Temporary Ramps on Bench 200 and Bench 180 (northern side). The Dependency will connect Bench 200 Temporary Ramp to Bench 180 Temporary Ramp, as shown in the diagram below. The Dependency will be deleted after creation.

The procedure for Creating a Manual Dependency is as follows:

1. Start the Manual Dependency Editing menu (If not still open from the last section Viewing Manual Dependencies) •


•


2. Select the Between Benches Layer for Viewing in the Dependency Layers dialog In the Manual Dependency Editing dialog | Dependencies group | select Layer

•

button •

In the Dependency Layers dialog

•

Untick all the View boxes

•

Tick the View box for the Between Benches Layer

•

Select the OK button

3. Display the selected Dependency Layer •

In the Manual Dependency Editing dialog | Dependencies group

•

Select Display Selected Layers button

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4. Select the Between Benches Dependency Layer on which the new Dependency is to be placed In the Manual Dependency Editing dialog | Dependencies group | select the Layer

•

Name from the dropdown list

5. Select a zoomed-in perspective view on the Bench 200 – 180 temporary ramps area Rotate the Design window view using View Control toolbar | View Orientation |

•

Azi =45, Dip = - 45 | OK button

Zoom in using View Control toolbar | Zoom In button

•

6. Create the Manual Dependency In the Manual Dependency Editing dialog | Dependencies group | select Add New

•

Dependency button

In the Design window | make sure that Snap to Points toggle is on | digitize (Right-

•

click to Snap) a linking string (Dependency) between the successive Activities that require linking (at least two Activities), in this case connect the upper TRamp Activity on Bench 200 to the upper TRamp Activity on Bench 180 (see the yellow highlighted new link in the diagram below) Redraw the display using View Control | Redraw Display

•

7. Check the resultant Dependency string(s) in the Visualizer window In the Design window | Right-click | Update Visualizer Objects

•

8. The new Dependency would then normally be saved (NOT in this case) •

In the Manual Dependency Editing dialog | select Save button

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The deletion of a Dependency can be demonstrated by deleting the Dependency created in the last step. The procedure for Deleting a Dependency is as follows:

1. Start the Manual Dependency Editing menu (if not still open) •


•


2. Select the Erase Selected Dependency button to start deletion •

In the Manual Dependency Editing dialog | Commands group | select Erase Selected Dependency button

•

In the Design window | select the required Dependency string

•

In the Erase Selected Sting dialog | select Yes button

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•

In the Design window | select the Finish button (floating in top left corner)

•

Redraw the display using View Control | Redraw Display button

3. Check the results in the Visualizer window In the Design window | Right-click | Update Visualizer Objects

•

4. Any changes would then normally be saved ( NOT in this case) In the Manual Dependency Editing dialog | select Save button

•

Notes

•

A sequence of Dependencies can be defined by a multiple-point linking string and need not be defined by multiple two-point linking strings e.g. within-bench Dependencies are multiple-point linking strings

•

Dependencies can also be created using the Auto Generate Dependencies dialogs tools (Manual Dependency Editing dialog | Option Generate. This option can be useful for creating Dependencies in situations where manually digitizing Dependency linking strings is difficult

•

Internal Dependencies (in this example, the segments forming the Trims) are automatically generated when the Automatic Dependencies are created

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Checking Dependencies

In addition to the basic visual checks performed in the Design and Visualizer windows, there are a number of specialist tools available for the checking of both automatic and manual Dependencies. These tools greatly facilitate the checking process, especially when working with large data sets. The following checking facilities are available from within the Manual Dependency Editing dialog:

•

Dependency Checks

•

Sequencing Checks

•

Animation

These features can be demonstrated by performing the following on the Dependency data set: •

Running Dependency Checks - unlinked Dependencies

•

Running Sequencing Checks - Calculate and Filter Dependencies

•

Running an Animation sequence

Dependency Checks

The Dependency Checking facility allows the user to automatically check for and remove the following:

•

Duplicate Dependencies

•

Single Point Dependencies

•

Dead End or Closed Loop Dependencies

The diagram below shows the layout of the dialog.

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The procedure for checking for Dead End or Closed Loop Dependencies is as follows:

1. Start the Manual Dependency Editing menu (If not still open from the last section Creation and Deletion of Manual Dependencies) •


•


2. Start the Dependency Checks menu In the Manual Dependency Editing dialog | Options vertical menu | select Checks

•

button

3. Run the facility to highlight Dead End or Closed Loop Dependencies •

In the Dependency Checks dialog | We’re on the Road to Nowhere group | select option Highlight | select Search button

•

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In the “No problem dependencies encountered” message dialog | select OK button

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4. (Running the Duplicates and Single Point Dependencies facilities yields the same result) Sequencing Checks

The Sequence Checks facility allows the user to perform the following tasks that are available under the relevant tabs in the Sequencing Checks dialog:

•

•

Create Sequence tab •

Calculate the Points and/or Walls sequence

•

Filter the sequence

Logic Errors tab •

•

List sequence errors

Options tab •

Set consideration options for Internal and Inter Derived Activity links

The Sequence Filter tool facilitates the checking of individual sequence steps. The diagram below shows the layout of the dialog.

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The procedure for Creating and Filtering the sequence is as follows:

1. Start the SequencingChecks menu •

In the Manual Dependency Editing dialog | Options vertical menu | select Sequence button

2. Set Options •

In the SequencingChecks dialog | Options tab | tick all boxes (defaults to all ticked)

3. Create the Sequence showing any errors •

In the SequencingChecks dialog | Create Sequence tab | Sequence group | tick option Show Errors | select Calculate button

•

(Mine2-4D generates a Sequence consisting of 202 steps)

•

(The Sequence Filter dialog options become available)

4. Filter Sequence steps •

Make sure that the Design window view is still in a perspective view with 5x Vertical Exaggeration (see procedure above)

•

In the SequencingChecks dialog | Create Sequence tab | Sequence Filter group | tick Autochange | set increment to 1 (box above Apply button) |select “+” button

•

Repeatedly select the “+” button (approx. 10 times). This will step the sequence by one increment at a time and update the Design window with the current sequence

•

(The sequence starts on Bench 140 and moves eastward by 5 steps before moving up to Bench 160; step 10 shows the sequencing of the first Blast1 Activity on Bench 180)

•

Set the increment can be set to a value of 10

•

Repeatedly select the “+” button to step through until the end of the sequence

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A particular sequence point can be viewed by entering the sequence number in the

•

relevant box (top left in Sequence Filter group) e.g. set sequence number to 100 | select Apply button – displays the sequencing of the Ramp on Bench 120 •

Note that the Display Depend option allows the user to display Dependency Layers as selected in the Dependency Layers dialog ( Manual Dependency Editing | Dependencies group | Layer button)

5. Check the Logic Errors In the SequencingChecks dialog | Logic Errors tab

•

•

No Problem Dependencies are listed in the dialog

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Animation

The Animation facility allows the user to animate the sequenced design string types using the defined and internal Dependencies that were created and checked in the previous sections. Animation can be controlled by varying the Start sequence point, Animation interval and Total Animation time settings. Options are available for recalculating the sequence and view dependencies during animation.

This functionality can be demonstrated by animating the previously generated sequence using a Total animation time of 30 seconds. The diagram below shows the layout of the Animation dialog.

The procedure for Animating the sequence is as follows:

1. Start the Animation menu •

In the Manual Dependency Editing dialog | Options vertical menu | select Animation button

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2. Set the Animation options •

In the Animation dialog | set the Total Animation time to 30 seconds

•

Untick the Recalculate sequence box (only required if sequence not already

calculated OR if Dependencies have been modified) •

Untick the View Dependencies during Animation box

3. Animate the sequence •

In the Animation dialog | select Animate button

•

(The Design window is cleared (including exaggeration settings) before the sequence is animated)

4. Close the Manual Dependency Editing menu without saving any changes •

In the Manual Dependency Editing dialog | select OK button (at bottom)

•

In the “Do you wish to save changes to the links before exiting” message dialog | select NO button

•

(The Design window is cleared of all data and the Manual Dependency Editing menu is closed)

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Exporting the Sequence

Once the Sequence has been created and checked, it can be exported for use in the Scheduling process, using the scheduling solution Earthworks Production Scheduler (EPS). The Sequence Export facility is accessed via the Schedule Iteration group on the Sequencing tab.

The Sequence Export facility provides the following functionality:

•

Export of the automatic and manual sequence (links)

•

Export of a Dummy or Geological Evaluation

•

Export of the M2-4D naming convention

•

Various Export Options: o

Internal Links export – select different types

o

Derived Activities Links

This can be demonstrated by exporting the entire Sequence to EPS using the Geological Evaluation option.

The procedure for Exporting the Sequence is as follows:

1. Start the Sequencing menu (If not still open from the last section Animation) •


2. Set the Sequence Export options •

Edition 1.0

In the Sequence Export dialog | select the options as shown in the table below

149


Sequence Export dialog Option

Setting

Evaluation to Export 

Dummy Geological Evaluation



Options Backup



Use template setup file



Use M24D setup info



Update Naming Convention



Export Inter Derived Activity Links



Export Internal Links Fixed X Sections



Outlines



Complex Solids



Derived Activities



3. Export the Sequence •

In the Sequence Export dialog | select OK button

•

(The export process creates the EPS format file vikingbounty_0.EWS and automatically saves it into the current Mine2-4D project directory)

•

(Once the export process is complete, Mine2-4D closes the Sequence Export dialog)

Notes: •

The successful operation of Sequence Export is reliant on the installation of a compatible version of EPS (Mine2-4D v11.0.1424.0 and EPS v1.0.1417.1 were used here)

•

The settings selected (most boxes on left side of dialog are unticked) as shown in the table above should provide a successful export (an unsuccessful export will result in the opening of the EPS window and other error message dialogs)

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4.6

Reporting, Object Coloring and 3D Animation ( Back )

The Reporting, Object Coloring and 3D Animation utilities located in the Preparation | Reporting tab can be used to enhance and summarize design data for reporting and visual

presentation purposes

4.6.1

Reporting

Overview:

The Reporting utilities within Mine2-4D provide the ability to generate, format and export reports for the following:

•

Design Statistics

-

statistics for the selected strings file

•

Project Reports

-

detail results for evaluated planning outlines

•

Grade-Tonnage Report

-

Grade-Tonnage table for selected field

Both the Design Statistics and Project Reports utilities make use of a similar Data Reporting dialog for generating reports. These reports can be used for the following purposes:

•

Validating design strings after stages in the Pit Design and Planning Processes

•

Validating and Analyzing the Dummy and Geological evaluation results


This functionality can be demonstrated by generating the following:

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A Design Statistics report for the walls_all_0 strings grouped by M4DDESC (Mine2-

•

4D Description) •

A Project Report for the project using the Geological evaluation

•

A Grade-Tonnage Report for Au - Ore 1

Design Statistics

The procedure for generating a Design Statistics report is as follows:

1. Start the Reporting menu Vertical Menu | Planning | Reporting | Reporting tab

•

2. Run the Design Statistics utility on the Walls strings (walls_all_0 file) using the settings as shown in the table below •

In the Reporting tab | Evaluation group | select Design Stats button

•

In the Data Reporting dialog | Design group (bottom left) | select the Browse “…” button

•

In the Select String File dialog | select walls_all_0 string file | select Select button

•

In the Data Reporting dialog | select Apply button

•

(The Columns listed in the left pane represent all fields present in the file)

•

(The Columns in the right pane contain individual records for each data field )

3. Group the Design Statistics by the Description field (M4DDESC) In the Data Reporting dialog | right pane | select and drag M4DDESC field header

•

box into the upper dialog “Drag a column header here to group by that column” (the action can be undone by dragging the box back to its original position) •

Results are now grouped by the Descriptions: Blast1, Blast2, Ramp, TRamp and Trim

•


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4. Complete the Design Statistics reporting process by closing the Data Reporting dialog •

In the Data Reporting dialog | select Close button (bottom right)

Design Statistics (Data Reporting) dialog Option Left Pane

Setting

Column

Action

All Design

None

File: Average Azimuth and Dip

walls_all_0 

Right Pane Group By Columns:

M4DDESC

Table Notes:

•


•

The Data Reporting results can be exported to *.csv format or *.html format files using the Save to CSV and Save to HTML option buttons (bottom right)

Project Reporting

The procedure for generating a Project Report is as follows:

1. Start the Reporting menu •

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Vertical Menu | Planning | Reporting | Reporting tab

153


2. Run the Project Reporting utility with the Geological evaluation using the settings as shown in the table below •

In the Reporting tab | Evaluation group | select Project Reporting button

•

In the Data Reporting dialog | Evaluation group | select Geological option

•

In the Data Reporting dialog | select Apply button (The Columns listed in the left pane represent all fields present in the file)

•

(The Columns in the right pane contain individual records for each data field )

•

3. Group the Project Report by BENCH In the Data Reporting dialog | right pane | select and drag BENCH field header

•

box into the upper dialog “Drag a column header here to group by that column” (the action can be undone by dragging the box back to its original position) •

Results are now grouped by the Benches: 80, 100, 102, 140, 160, 180, 200

•


•

Note that ore is present on Bench 100 and Bench 80

4. Modify the report to Sum the Waste, Ore 1 and Ore 2 Tonnes and Average the Cu and Au grades by BENCH In the Data Reporting dialog | left pane | Action column | set Action to Sum or

•

Average for the columns (as shown in the table below) •

In the Data Reporting dialog | select Apply button

•

(The Sum results are now displayed adjacent to the BENCH numbers in the right pane)

•

In the Data Reporting dialog | right pane | The relevant Sum and Average columns can be dragged to the left for easier viewing

•

Select the Apply button to regenerate the Sum and Average results

5. Complete the Design Statistics reporting process by closing the Data Reporting dialog •

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In the Data Reporting dialog | select Close button (bottom right)

154


Project Reporting (Data Reporting) dialog Option Left Pane

Setting

Column

Action

Mined Tonnes

Sum

Tonnes1 Wst

Sum

Tonnes2 Or1

Sum

CU2 Or1

Average

AU2 Or1

Average

Tonnes3 Or2

Sum

CU3 Or2

Average

AU3 Or2

Average

All other columns Evaluation

None 

Dummy Geological



Right Pane Group By Columns:

BENCH

Table Notes:

•

The complete Project Reporting processing may take a few seconds (4 - 10 seconds) depending on the speed of the computer

•

Data Reporting dialog o


•

Both the Interrogation Interrogation Report and Data Reporting results can be exported to *.csv format files using the Save to CSV option buttons in the respective dialogs

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Grade - Tonnage Tables

The procedure for generating a Grade-Tonnage Report is as follows:

1. Start Start the the Repo Report rtin ing g men menu u Vertical Menu | Planning | Reporting | Reporting tab

•

2. Run the Grade-Tonnage Reporting utility on the field AU2 Or1 •

In the Reporting tab | Evaluation group | select Mining Grade vsTonnage button

•

In the Mining Grade vsTonnage dialog | set options as sown in the table below

•

In the Mining Grade vsTonnage dialog | select the Calculate button

•

(The table dialog is populated with 11 rows of Cutoff, Tonnes and AU2 Or1 data as shown below)

3. Copy Copy summary summary GradeGrade-Ton Tonnag nagee data to the the clipboa clipboard rd In the Mining Grade vsTonnage Reporting dialog | select the Copy to Clipboard

•

button •

(The 8 rows of Cutoff, Tonnes and AU2 Or1 data is now available on the clipboard for pasting into a report table or spreadsheet for the creation of a graph )

4. Complete th the Design Statistics reporting process by closing the Mining Grade vs. Tonnage Reporting dialog •

In the Mining Grade vsTonnage Reporting dialog | select dialog button

Mining Grade vs. Tonnage Reporting dialog Option Field for Reporting Maximum Value Increment

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Setting AU2 Or 1 5.2999 0.5

156


No. Bins

11

Results Cutoff 0

Tonnes 21'937'957

AU2 Or 1 .15

0.5

1'041'594

3.21

1

1'041'594

3.21

1.5

1'041'594

3.21

2

1'041'594

3.21

2.5

771'113

3.56

3

674'905

3.65

3.5

319'530

3.98

4

52'829

5.3

4.5

52'829

5.3

5

52'829

5.3

Table Notes:

•

This data can be used to create Grade-Tonnage curves using Excel

Notes:

•

The Evaluation process automatically uses the Density values (obtained from the field DENSITY) from the block model when calculating tonnages

•

The Default Density value (set to zero) is used when evaluating Solids against areas that do not contain model blocks or against blocks without a DENSITY value

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•

The following example reports have already been created and exported to *.csv and *.html formats and can be found in the folder C:\Database\Integrated Demo\M24D Projects\VikingBounty_OpenPit\Exports:

Edition 1.0

•

Data Reporting.csv

•

Interrogation Report.csv

•

Project Report - by BENCH and categories.csv

•

Project Report by BENCH and categories.html

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4.6.2

Object Coloring

Overview:

The Object Coloring and the Legends utilities within Mine2-4D provide the ability to color the following objects:

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Block Models and Drillholes

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Walls and other Strings

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Solids and other Wireframes

The Coloring utilities can be used for coloring objects during the Open Pit Design or Planning Processes or for presentation purposes. Please see 5.2 Definition of Legends for further details on defining Legends.


This can be demonstrated by coloring and loading the Solids for this project. The procedure for coloring the Solids is as follows:

1. Start the Object Property Coloring menu •

Vertical Menu | Planning | Reporting | Reporting tab | Properties group | Color Objects button

2. Select the Color Legend OpenPit_NPVSEQ •

In the Object Property Coloring dialog | Legend to Color group | select OpenPit_NPVSEQ from the dropdown

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3. Select the Objects to be colored and loaded •

In the Object Property Coloring dialog | Objects to Color group | select Solids option

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In the Object Property Coloring dialog | Objects to Load group | select Solids\Wireframes option

4. Color and load the objects •

In the Object Property Coloring dialog | select OK button

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In the “Process Successful …” message dialog | select OK button

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(The colored Solids are saved to the wireframe files wreprop_all_0tr/pt)

5. View the colored objects in the Visualizer window •

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4.6.3

3D Animation

Overview:

The 3D Animation facility within Mine2-4D provides the ability to animate the Sequenced Design Solids using a Schedule to control the time sequence. This facility can be used for the following:

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Sequence and Schedule validation

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Presentation purposes


This can be demonstrated by: •

Reviewing the existing Schedule Colouring Definition setup OPM1_Weeks

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Creating a 3D Animation for the sequenced Solids for this project using the Schedule that was created when the Sequence was exported in section 4.5.4 Sequencing – Exporting the Sequence

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Run the 3D Animation in the Visualizer window

Schedule Colouring Definitions

The procedure for Reviewing the existing Schedule Colouring Definition setup OPM1_Weeks is as follows:

1. Start the Schedule Colouring Definitions menu •

Vertical Menu | Planning | Reporting | Reporting tab | Schedule group | Schedule Colouring Definitions button

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2. Select the OPM1_Weeks definition •

In the Schedule Colouring dialog | Save dropdown | select OPM1_Weeks definition

3. Review the 60 records for the OPM1_Weeks definition

4. Schedule Colouring Definition Records can be Added / Deleted as follows •

In the Schedule Colouring dialog | definition table | Right-click | Add Record / Delete Record

5. Schedule Colouring Definition Records can be Modified as follows •

In the Schedule Colouring dialog | definition table | select the required record | modify required parameters

6. The Schedule Statistics facility can be used to generate Date and Days statistics to guide the user in the setup of a new Schedule Colouring Definition •

In the Schedule Colouring dialog | Schedule Statistics group | select Get Schedule Stats button

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(The statistics are displayed in the relevant dialog boxes)

7. The Generate Recurrences facility can be used to generate recurring intervals for the From Date column in the Schedule Colouring Definition •

In the Schedule Colouring dialog | definition table | select record No. 1

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In the Schedule Colouring dialog | select Generate Recurrences button

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In the “All records past the current position will be deleted …” message dialog | select Yes button

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In the Date Recurrence dialog | Recurrence Pattern group | select Weekly option

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In the Date Recurrence dialog | Recurrence Pattern group | select Recur every 1 week option

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In the Date Recurrence dialog | Recurrence Pattern group | select Tuesday option

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In the Date Recurrence dialog | Recurrence Range group | select Start 31.08.2004

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In the Date Recurrence dialog | Recurrence Range group | select End 31.08.2004

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(Note: The Get Schedule Stats should be run before Generate Recurrences as those results are used to populate these Start and End date dropdowns)

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In the Date Recurrence dialog | select OK button

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(for the From Date column in the Schedule Colouring Definition has regenerated intervals)

8. Complete the reviewing by closing the Schedule Colouring dialog without saving any changes •

In the Schedule Colouring dialog | select Cancel button

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In the “Exit without saving changes” message dialog | select Yes button

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3D Animation Creation and Viewing

The procedure for Creating and Viewing a 3D Animation using the OPM1_Weeks Schedule Colouring Definition is as follows:

1. Start the 3D Animation – Create from Schedule menu Vertical Menu | Planning | Reporting | Reporting tab | Schedule group | 3D

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Animation button

In the Create 3D Animation dialog | select Create from Schedule tab

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2. Define the 3D Animation settings In the Create from Schedule tab | define settings as shown in the table below

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Create 3D Animation dialog – Create from Schedule tab Option Setting Schedule Definition Apply Schedule colours Apply user colours Exclude

OPM1_Weeks   

Solids scheduled after Solids scheduled before minimum definition date Insert Date Text in Animation Annotation Object Load Definition Animate in reverse order

 

-None DefinedOPM1_Animation 

3. Review the Object Load Definition settings •

In the Create from Schedule tab | Object Load Definition | select Browse button “…”

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In the Object Load Definition dialog | Strings tab | check that vb_m4d_pdsign_year1_cont is ticked

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In the Object Load Definition dialog | Wireframes tab | check that vb_m4d_pdsign_yr1_cont_tr is ticked

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In the Object Load Definition dialog | select OK button

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(Reselect the Object Load Definition set OPM1_Animation if it has been reset in the Create from Schedule tab)

4. Create the 3D Animation •

In the Create 3D Animation dialog | select the OK button

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(The Solids and other files defined in the OPM1_Animation Object Load Definition are loaded into the Design window)

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(The Visualizer is automatically updated with these objects and the default animation file)

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(The Visualizer should be the current active window)

5. Set the Animation settings in the Visualizer window •

In the Visualizer window | Right-Click | Animation | check Frame Append Mode ON

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In the Visualizer window | Right-Click | Animation | check Show Frames Mode ON

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(Note: selecting the two animation options shown above with the cursor – if they are already listed in the Animation menu – will toggle these options OFF)

6. Run the 3D Animation in the Visualizer window •

In the Visualizer window | Rotate (Hold Left-Click + Drag) and Zoom (Ctrl + Hold Left-Click + Drag Up/Down) into a good “perspective” view as shown below in the diagram below

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In the Visualizer window | Right-Click | Animation | Start Animation

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(The animation starts with all Solids and other files (topography and pit strings, topography and pit wireframes) displayed)

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(The animation then proceeds to remove the Solids from the Visualizer as they would be extracted according to the Schedule – the Date is displayed in the Bottom Left corner)

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(The animation ends with only the other Strings files loaded in the Visualizer window)

7. Complete the 3D Animation by closing the dialog •

In the Create 3D Animation dialog | select the Cancel button

Start Animation

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Mid Animation

End Animation

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Notes:

The files defined in the Object Load Definition are used to enhance the visualization

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of the animation by providing “background” visual data e.g. topography and a mined out pit wireframe Animated Visualizer Views can be created and saved to file (*.gvz file format)

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Note: *.gvz files saved in the current Mine2-4D project directory are automatically deleted on exiting the project

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5

Additional Topics

This portion of the document contains additional topics that can be used as extra demonstration items or to provide extra background information on certain topics.

5.1

Creation of a New Project and User List ( Back )

Starting a new project

The procedure for creating a new Mine2-4D project is as follows:

1. Start Mine2-4D and create a new project: •

Mine2-4D | Projects dialog | New/Existing tab | Create a new Datamine project using dialog box | select New Project Wizard radio button | click OK button

2. Define the project Folder, Project Name and automatic file addition option: •

New Project Wizard – Page 1 dialog | browse to the folder C:\ Database \ Integrated Demo \ M24D Projects \ VikingBounty_OpenPit | define the Project Name as “Demo” | tick box Automatically add files … | click Next button

3. Add additional files to the project: •

New Project Wizard – Page 2 dialog | click Select to browse for additional files in

the data folder C : \ Database \ Integrated Demo \ Data \ M24D > select all the files (vb_npvmod2, vb_pdsgn0) and click Open button | click Finish button | in the New Project Confirmation dialog click OK button to complete setup of the new project

4. Log onto Mine2-4D:

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Creating a New User List

User Lists are set up to manage the Users, their Logins, Passwords and User Privileges within the Mine2-4D environment.

The procedure for creating a new Mine2-4D User List is as follows:

1. Create a new User List table on first starting Mine2-4D •

File | Create new user list

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Browse to … and make new folder “User List”

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Browse to … and select new folder “User List”

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Define new Administrator password for the User List “Admin” and select OK | OK

2. Add the required Users to the list •

Options | User Admin

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In User Administration dialog | Right-click | select Add User

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Add a new user Engineer1, password Engineer1 | select OK

3. Save the User List •

In the User Administration dialog | File | Exit

User Administration dialog Option Setting

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Username Password Privileges Password Saves Active Stand Alone User Type

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Engineer1 Engineer1 Power User

All

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5.2

Definition of Legends

The Legends facility within Mine2-4D can be used to generate the following types of Legends:

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Filter

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filtering legend for controlling displayed and reported data

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Properties

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coloring legend for coloring points, strings and wireframes

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Model/Drillhole

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coloring legend for coloring block models and drillholes

These Legends can be used in the following environments/processes:

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Coloring and Filtering of design data within the Design window (points, strings wireframes)during the various Mine2-4D Design and Planning Processes

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Definition of Reporting Categories during the Evaluation of the Geological Model

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Filtering of data exported to the Schedule

The procedure for defining a new Legend is as follows:

1. Start the Legend Definition dialog •

Menubar | Format | Legends | Define

2. Define the Legend Type •

In the Legend Definition dialog | Legend Type group | select one of the o ptions (Filter, Evaluated Properties, Geological Model/Drillhole)

3. Define the various Legend Bins and their parameters •

In the Legend Definition dialog | lower pane | Right-click | Add Record

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Define the parameters for (Category Name, Field, From, To, COLOUR)

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4. Save the newly created or edited Legend •

In the Legend Definition dialog | select Exit button | Yes

5. The dialogs below contain examples of some of the Legends used within the Viking Bounty project

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Notes:

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Editing Legend Definition parameters : •

The Save name needs to be selected from the dropdown list in the Legend Definition dialog before parameters can be selected for editing (this also needs to

be done for the currently displayed Legend when the dialog is first opened) •

Select the Ignore button in the Mine2-4D error message dialog when defining or editing legend entries

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5.3

Definition of Cross Sections ( Back )

Overview :

The X-Sectional Tool forms an important part of the Design Definitions for Mine2-4D. It assists the user in defining custom cross-sections and dimensions of Trims and other design elements. This tool can be demonstrated by reviewing the procedure used in creating the custom Trim cross-section Trim_10m that is used in this demonstration.

The procedure for Creating / Editing cross-section definitions is as follows:

1. Open the X-Sectional Tool via the button in the Design Definitions dialog (see below) •

Vertical Menu | Design | Design Definitions | Design Definitions dialog | Fixed Cross Sectionals tab | X-Sectional Tool button

2. Define a new User Defined Section Trim_10m with the parameters as shown below

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Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D

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