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VER BEM SEM ÓCULOS Dr. Adrian Adrian Vander
SUMÁRIO PRIMEIRA PARTE ............... ...................... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............ ..... 3
De onde provém os defeitos defeitos da vista................... vista........................... ............... ........ . 3 Ver bem não depende depende só dos olhos olhos ............... ...................... ............... ............... ........ . 6 Influência Influência das emoções prejudiciai prejudiciais s sobre a vista.................... vista..................... . 7 A Perda do Instinto Instinto Natural Natural de ver bem nos tempos tempos modernos........... modernos........... 11 SEGUNDA PARTE ................ ....................... ............... ............... ............... ............... ........... .... 12
Descrição Descrição dos distúrbios distúrbios e defeitos da vista.................. vista......................... ....... 12 SEU TRATAMENTO TRATAMENTO CURATIVO CURATIVO ............... ....................... ............... ............... .............. ...... Vista Curta (Miopia) ............... ....................... ............... ............... ............... ....... Tratamento Tratamento de vista curta ............... ....................... ............... ............... .......... .. Miopia Passageira Passageira ............... ....................... ................ ............... ............... .......... .. Vista Longa (Hipermetropia) (Hipermetropia) ............... ...................... ............... .............. ...... Vista Cansada pelos anos Envelhecimento Envelhecimento prematuro prematuro da vista) ...... Vê as as coisas coisas deformada deformadas? s? Sofre Sofre de de Astigmatism Astigmatismo o ................ ................... ... Estrabismo Estrabismo (Desvio dos olhos) ............... ...................... ............... .............. ...... Evite o Cansaço Cansaço dos seus Olhos ............... ....................... ............... ............ .....
12 12 14 16 16 19 24 25 28
TERCEIRA PARTE ............... ...................... ............... ............... ............... ............... ........... .... 32
A Arte de de Ver Bem.............. Bem...................... ................ ............... ............... ............... ....... 32 Como se Utilizar Devidamente Devidamente da Vista ............... ....................... ............... ....... 32
A Luz é necessária necessária à Saúde............. Saúde..................... ............... ............... ............... ....... 36 Quanta luz convém convém aos olhos? Inconven Inconvenientes ientes dos dos óculos óculos escuros escuros ..... 36
Como deve ser a Iluminação.................. Iluminação.......................... ............... ............... .......... .. 39 Como se deve usar usar a Vista par Ler, Ler, Escrever, Escrever, Coser etc............... etc............... 40 Conselhos Conselhos Especiais para para a Infância em Idade Escolar............. Escolar................. .... 41 A Leitura Leitura de Livros, Livros, Jornais, Jornais, Revistas Revistas etc..................... etc........................... ...... 42
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QUARTA PARTE ............... ....................... ............... ............... ................ ............... ............ ..... 44
Fortaleça Fortaleça e Melhore os seus Olhos................. Olhos......................... ............... ........... .... 44 Diversos Diversos Exercíci Exercícios os para Corrigir Corrigir os Defeitos Defeitos da da Vista ............. ............. MASSAGEM MASSAGEM ................ ....................... ............... ............... ............... ................ ........... ... PESTANEJO PESTANEJO ............... ...................... ............... ............... ............... ................ ........... ... BALANÇO ............... ....................... ................ ............... ............... ............... ............ ..... EXERCÍCIOS EXERCÍCIOS ESPECIAIS ESPECIAIS PARA OS MÍOPES ............... ....................... ............... ....... COMO LER SEM CANSAR A VISTA VISTA ................ ....................... ............... ............... ....... BANHOS DE SOL SOL ESPECIAIS ESPECIAIS PARA OS OLHOS OLHOS .............. ...................... .............. ...... A MÁ POSIÇÃO DO CORPO CORPO AO LER E DEMAIS TRABALHOS TRABALHOS DA VISTA ......... ......... VANTAGENS VANTAGENS QUE QUE A BOA RESPIRAÇ RESPIRAÇÃO ÃO TRAZ TRAZ PARA PARA A VISTA ............... ................. .. A MEMÓRIA MEMÓRIA E A IMAGINAÇÃO IMAGINAÇÃO AJUDAM AJUDAM A VER BEM ............... ....................... ......... .
Novos processos para curar os d efeitos da vista DE GRANDE ÊXITO EM CRIANÇAS E ADULTOS Vista cansada. Vista curta (miopia). Vista longa (hipermetropia). Astigmatismo. Estrabismo.
Fadiga dos olhos.
NUMEROSAS ILUSTRAÇÕES
44 45 46 50 50 53 55 55 56 57
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3
PRIMEIRA PARTE De onde provém os defeitos da vista
A Ciência moderna após minuciosas pesquisas descobriu, nestes últimos anos, as causas dos defeitos da vista (vista curta, vista cansada etc.), hoje tão comuns. Assim sendo, é importante saber que muitas das causas encontradas são, a seu turno, o resultado de outras mais importantes. Descobriu-se, por exemplo, que o olho maior que o normal produz a vista curta. Mas com isto não encontramos ainda a causa primordial e fundamental deste defeito da vista, pois alguém perguntará imediatamente: e por que razão o olho é maior que o normal? É evidente, portanto, que as comumente chamadas causas dos defeitos visuais devem-se em virtude da ação de outras muito mais importantes, que constituem as verdadeiras causas fundamentais. São as que vamos expor no presente capítulo. Torna-se muito importante conhecê-las, uma vez que é indispensável suprimi-las para evitar e curar os defeitos e distúrbios da vista. Justamente por desconhecer tais causas é que não se sabia, até há poucos anos, que os defeitos visuais são curáveis a ponto de dispensar o uso de óculos. A Oculística, por meio de longas e penosas pesquisas, encontrou as causas próximas ou imediatas dos defeitos da vista. Estas, porém, não explicam porque são tão freqüentes as doenças dos olhos; nem tampouco porque hoje em dia quase ninguém sabe usar bem os olhos, como o demonstra o fato de serem muito poucas as pessoas de vista perfeita, enquanto que, em compensação, todos sabem andar, correr e falar bem. Aceitamos as modernas descobertas neste terreno, mas procuramos ir mais longe na pesquisa das causas fundamentais dos distúrbios da vista. Para isso reunimos todos os conhecimentos existentes sobre a matéria, juntando-os aos resultados das nossas próprias investigações, elaborando uma concepção baseada em fundamentos sólidos, que exporemos a seguir. PRIMEIRA CAUSA FUNDAMENTAL. — A vida é demasiadamente artificial e antinatural . Ao primeiro contato, nossa afirmação poderia parecer muito ousada, mas ver-se-á logo que não o é se considerarmos o assunto com um pouco de atenção .
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4
pelo sem-número de apetites, aspirações, paixões etc., que criaram um conjunto de necessidades artificiais, a vida do homem é geralmente, antinatural. Acrescente-se a tudo isso a sede desmedida de gozos e prazeres malsãos, infelizmente tão disseminada. Muitos pensam do seguinte modo: "A vida é curta. Para desfrutá-la deve-se triunfar. Aproveitemos, pois, o tempo e inventemos novos gozos". Como resultado disso surge a febre da pressa para vencer quanto antes e depois gozar. Daí o excesso, o desgaste e por fim, geralmente, o desengano. A tensão alheia, a danos em talvez, o
de espírito, a pressa, o sobreesforço, a ingratidão decepção, a angústia, envelhecem o organismo, produzindo todos os órgãos. Dentre estes, os que mais sofrem são, sistema nervoso e depois a vista.
É verdade que a Higiene moderna dá importantes conselhos para remediar tais embaraços. Em razão, porém, da enorme extensão do gênero de vida antinatural, a sua ajuda não é bastante eficaz. Evidentemente que o homem foi constituído para viver segundo as leis da Natureza. A Ciência e a Técnica modernas têm feito maravilhas e produzido grandes criações. Mas até agora não souberam ainda superar inteligentemente a Natureza ou evitar que o homem se afaste da mesma. Procurar levar uma vida mais natural não significa comer apenas raízes, nem voltar a morar nas cavernas, mas habituar-se a uma vida em que atuem sobre o ser humano os estímulos naturais: sol, luz, água, exercício, princípios vitais dos alimentos etc., estímulos necessários à saúde do homem, tanto física como mental. Além disso, significa também suprimir uma série de costumes malsãos e prejudiciais. Pela ausência de estímulos naturais o homem adquiriu uma sensibilidade doentia. A vida de todo ser vivo exige adaptação, resistência e flexibilidade. Os estímulos naturais desenvolvem essas propriedades, necessárias à saúde e à existência. Há no mundo um grande número de causas nocivas à saúde. Se o homem não as superar com a sua resistência, adoece e morre prematuramente, em vez de viver sempre sadio e morrer de velhice natural. Perguntará o leitor: "E que relação tem isso com a vista?" Muito simples. Toda doença tem as suas causas próprias, mas a diminuição
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5
Ora, aplicando o que foi dito à vista, diremos que pela vida antinatural diminuíram a resistência e as defesas de todo o corpo e, portanto, dos olhos. Por outro lado, estes, pelas exigências da vida moderna, são submetidos a um grande esforço na maioria das pessoas. Da combinação dos dois fatores (diminuição da resistência e sobreesforço dos olhos), nascem os defeitos da vista, hoje tão freqüentes . Leve-se em conta que a constância dos defeitos da vista é questão relativamente moderna. Antigamente havia inflamações dos olhos, tracoma etc. ; hoje, porém, podemos garantir que, se naquela época existissem as lentes, ninguém teria necessidade delas. Dirão alguns que os antigos nem sempre levavam uma vida natural. Com efeito, todas as civilizações começam por uma época de vida dura, áspera e heróica, quando crescem e se expandem. Depois, ao adquirirem domínio e prosperidade, muitas vezes caem na comodidade e no vício. Nas primeiras etapas enrijecem-se corporalmente pela vida dura e em contato com a Natureza. Da sua culminância à queda, entregandose à moleza e aos vícios, a sua vida é antinatural. Compare-se, por exemplo, a Roma primitiva com a da decadência. Disse um historiador que, na época da decadência, os romanos abastados eram carregados em liteiras com cortinas, molestando-os um raio de sol ou o voo de uma mosca. Sem dúvida, não eram assim os romanos dos tempos de luta e expansão do Império. Temos muitos exemplos de civilizações antigas cujos homens seguiam uma vida natural sob muitos aspectos. Assim, por exemplo, os árias primitivos eram frugais e seguiam uma alimentação com predomínio de vegetais; os banhos de sol e de água eram práticas muito correntes entre eles. Os germanos primitivos viviam em plena Natureza e os seus costumes eram sadios. Os gregos viviam principalmente ao ar livre; tomavam banho de sol e de água e praticavam os desportos. Durante longas épocas foram vegetarianos. E assim poderíamos dar muitos exemplos mais. É verdade que hoje em dia as nações cultas observam um maior amor
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6
A vida antinatural, através das gerações, prejudicou a vista por dois mecanismos: atuando diretamente sobre os olhos, e também, indiretamente, através dos demais órgãos do corpo. A seguir veremos com mais clareza este último. Ver bem não depende só dos dos olhos
Mas também da saúde dos outros órgãos
Em virtude das mútuas relações que há entre todos os órgãos, tudo o que afetar a um deles repercutirá sobre os restantes. Efetivamente, as doenças, distúrbios ou defeitos de diversas partes do corpo podem repercutir sobre a vista. As que mais visivelmente chegam a perturbar a visão são as seguintes: MÁ CIRCULAÇÃO. — Pode ser devido a anemia, perdas de sangue, coração fraco, envelhecimento precoce dos condutos de sangue (arteriosclerose) e pressão alta. POBREZA DE VITAMINAS OU DE MINERAIS . — A pobreza de vitaminas ou de sais minerais (cálcio, fósforo, ferro etc.) pode dar lugar a doenças ou defeitos da vista, ou ser causa de cura prolongada. MICRÓBIOS. — Quase todos os micróbios podem atacar os olhos. Principalmente os micróbios dos focos infecciosos (glândulas infectadas, dentes cariados, sinusite etc.). Também o micróbio dó reumatismo. IMPUREZAS DO SANGUE SANGUE E VENENOS. — Os tóxicos seguintes perturbam a acomodação e podem chegar a causar defeitos da vista: tabaco, bebidas alcoólicas, chumbo, arsênico, toxinas produzidas pêlos vermes intestinais e pelas putrefações intestinais. As substâncias venenosas citadas debilitam os nervos do olho e prejudicam o cristalino e os músculos que movem os olhos. BOCA E DENTES. — Cáries, infecções dos dentes, piorréia, infecções da boca. MA DIGESTÃO. — Acidez de estômago, transtornos nervosos do estômago e do intestino, úlcera gástrica, dilatação do estômago, inflamações, fermentações e putrefações, prisão de ventre, diarreias crônicas; doenças do fígado ou da vesícula biliar. DOENÇAS DOS RINS E VIAS URINÁRIAS. — Inflamação crônica dos rins, enrijecimento dos rins, calculose renal, infecções da bexiga e das vias urinárias, doenças da próstata.
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7
DOENÇAS DA NUTRIÇÃO. — São comuns os defeitos e distúrbios da vista devidos, pelo menos em parte, à magreza, obesidade, ao diabetes, à gota ou ao artritismo (ácido úrico). A mais prejudicial destas doenças é o diabetes. Nos diabéticos é freqüente a vista curta ou a longa passageira, quando aumenta o açúcar do sangue, defeitos que podem tornar-se permanentes se a enfermidade não for curada. Nos diabéticos a vista cansada começa prematuramente . NERVOS. — Os distúrbios nervosos, a fraqueza, a debilidade e instabilidade nervosa, têm muito que ver com os defeitos da vista nas pessoas nervosas. Há muitos casos em que o uso de lentes bem graduadas não diminui as enfermidades visuais, enquanto que, fortalecendo os nervos, elas desaparecem e a vista melhora. Em tais casos os defeitos da vista (vista curta ou longa, vista cansada etc.) são puramente nervosos. FEBRES INFECCIOSAS. — A difteria (crupe) pode enfraquecer a vista por muito tempo, dificultando a visão de perto. A gripe, não tratada devidamente e a tempo, pode produzir defeitos e moléstias no órgão visual. O tifo, infecções do ventre, o sarampo e a malária podem deixar também, como sequelas, defeitos e doenças na vista. Influência das emoções prejudiciais sobre a vista
Para se compreender um grupo importantíssimo de causas dos defeitos da vista, cujo conhecimento é indispensável à cura dos mesmos, convém que expliquemos em parte como funciona a vista,
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8
Depois vem a percepção, que tem lugar não no olho, mas no cérebro, quando reconhecemos o objeto que vemos: uma mesa, uma cadeira, uma fisionomia etc. A percepção corresponde, pois, à mente. Esta e os olhos trabalham juntos para que ao mesmo tempo que vemos, reconheçamos aquilo que vemos. Nas crianças muito pequenas, a visão termina na primeira etapa. Os olhos vêem, mas o cérebro não reconhece ainda o que vêem. Várias pessoas acreditam que a criança, quando abre os olhos pouco depois do nascimento, já se dá conta do que a rodeia. Isto é falso. O recém--nascido sente umas impressões visuais mas não reconhece as coisas. A pouco e pouco a criança aprende a diferenciar e depois, quando já tem alguns meses, começa a reconhecer o que vê. Nas pessoas maiores as duas etapas da visão têm lugar ao mesmo tempo, por isso notamos o que vemos, mas não de cada uma das etapas, do mesmo modo que quando andamos notamos que andamos, mas não de cada um dos movimentos simples em que se decompõe cada passo. Já dissemos que a faculdade de se notar o que se vê, compete à mente. Esta faculdade exige, para se desenvolver e aperfeiçoar, a experiência que dá o viver e que se acumula na memória. O aumento da experiência acumulada redunda em benefício da vista. Assim, por exemplo, um camponês ou marinhei ro verão em um relance detalhes do bosque ou do mar que, escapariam a outra pessoa. Devese isso à sua longa experiência das coisas do campo ou do mar, respectivamente, que conservam na memória. Após estes preliminares, o leitor já compreenderá o grave erro que se comete comumente ao preocupar-se tão-só dos olhos, descuidando dos nervos e da mente. Em geral, para corrigir os defeitos da vista recorre-se a operações e lentes, e nada se faz sobre o sistema nervoso e a mente, tão importantes, como acabamos de ver.
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9
dois elementos fundamentais que intervêm na função da vista foram prejudicados. Os olhos podem alterar-se por diversas causas: doenças, acidentes etc. E como são os olhos que fornecem a imagem, a vista torna-se perturbada se eles funcionarem mal. À mente, que se dá conta daquilo que se vê, faltará a imagem perfeita que é necessária para ver as coisas bem e tal como são. Assim, por exemplo, em conseqüência ulcerazinha do olho pode ficar neste passar a luz, o que perturbará a visão.
da cicatrização de uma uma parte que não deixe
Este aspecto da vista era considerado com muito interesse por todos os oculistas, mas geralmente não se dá a devida atenção ao segundo aspecto, isto é, à importância da mente para ver bem, aspecto tão fundamental como o primeiro. E o mais interessante do caso é que a eficácia da mente nesta função pode alterar-se por diversos distúrbios nervosos ou emocionais e pela sobrecarga em idéias perturbadoras. Como dissemos, a vida antinatural moderna tem prejudicado a mente, assim, hoje em dia as mentes de quase todas as pessoas acham-se cheias de idéias perturbadoras. Estas alteram os nervos, causam as manias e distúrbios nervosos, transtornam o caráter, diminuem a alegria de viver e favorecem os vícios e as paixões malsãs. Além disso, a mente envenenada pelas idéias perturbadoras é cada vez menos ágil para compreender e interpretar. Como é o cérebro que interpreta os dados que recebe dos olhos, compreenderemos que a diminuição da capacidade mental para interpretar redunde forçosamente em prejuízo da vista. Os olhos e a mente formam uma unidade. Ambos são necessários para ver bem as coisas. Mas alguém poderia objetar que do afirmado não se deduz que a mente tenha algo que ver com a vista curta, vista cansada etc., em
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10
prejudicam a vista através dos nervos e da circulação do sangue, e em parte também diminuem u eficácia da mente para interpretar o que se vê. Por isso, diz-se às vezes que uma pessoa está "cega pelo ódio ou pela raiva", ou que o temor faz que ela "veja tudo negro", ou que se "anuviam os olhos". Com efeito, o medo pode chegar a ofuscar de tal modo a mente e paralisar os sentidos que a pessoa já não seja capaz de ver nem de ouvir, expondo-se mesmo a sofrer acidentes. Os danos causados pelas emoções prejudiciais nem sempre são passageiros. Quando certos sentimentos desfavoráveis como o medo ou uma grande desilusão amorosa, por exemplo, são muito intensos e prolongados, podem produzir verdadeiras doenças corporais, como úlcera gástrica ou endurecimento das artérias do coração (angina do peito), e também defeitos duradouros da vista (vista curta, vista cansada, vista longa etc.). Outro sentimento prejudicial é o medo à luz, hoje comum e que tem levado ao uso e abuso de óculos escuros, em parte pelo exemplo de quem os usa por imitação, transformando esse costume em moda. Em outro capítulo exporemos os inconvenientes dos óculos escuros. Uma emoção prejudicial é a ânsia de enxergar demais, dando lugar à concentração em um ponto, o que se reflete no olhar fixo. Os prejuízos dessa maneira de olhar são por nós descritos no capítulo "A arte de ver bem" (veja-se). Quando, por qualquer motivo, a pessoa não vê bem, surge nela uma nova idéia perturbadora, que é acreditar que cada dia verá pior e nunca mais tornará a ver bem. Tal convicção faz com que cada vez que vai olhar alguma coisa já esteja de antemão convencida de que a verá mal. O resultado é que, na realidade, vê mal. Dá-se com a vista o mesmo que, em outro aspecto, com o homem sentindo-se impotente devido ao temor de fracassar no exercício sexual. Falando simbolicamente, poderíamos dizer que assim como a fé no
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11
A Perda do Instinto Natural de de ver bem nos tempos modernos modernos
Podemos verificar que nos povos primitivos, assim como ainda hoje em dia, em alguns povos afastados da nossa civilização, o instinto estava mais desenvolvido do que em nós. O uso da razão para resolver os problemas da vida prática enfraqueceu o instinto. O homem civilizado vem perdendo a sua intuição e o seu instinto, sem chegar a substituí-los contudo por uma faculdade mais eficaz e segura. É evidente que órgãos tão complicados e importantes como os olhos, para que não se arruínem, devem ser usados de forma adequada, segundo umas certas leis. Estas se aprendem por instinto. Ora, como este tende a desaparecer, resulta que hoje em dia a maior parte das pessoas não usa devidamente a vista, segundo as normas da arte de ver bem. Adquire-se, portanto, uma série de costumes prejudiciais à maneira de olhar, costumes que iremos descrevendo ao longo desta obra, e que constituem uma das causas fundamentais dos defeitos da vista. (Veja-se o capítulo "A arte de ver bem").
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SEGUNDA PARTE Descrição dos distúrbios e defeitos da vista SEU TRATAMENTO CURATIVO
Vista Curta (Miopia)
Os míopes ou curtos de vista são os que, para ver bem as coisas, devem aproximá-las muito dos olhos. Quer dizer, vêem bem de perto e mal de longe. A esse defeito dá-se o nome de "vista curta". A pessoa de vista normal adapta-se às distâncias sem dificuldade, isto é, vê bem tanto de longe como de perto. Ao contrário, nos olhos míopes, a imagem dos objetos afastados forma-se apagada na retina. As estrelas, em vez de pequenos pontos, são vistas como círculos mais ou menos grandes, segundo o grau de vista curta. CAUSAS. — Na maioria das pessoas sofredoras de miopia o olho é maior que o normal.
Ora, como a vista curta não é de nascença mas aparece mais tarde, quase sempre na infância deve haver, forçosamente, alguma causa que aumente o olho.
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Pouca vida ao ar livre. Vida sedentária (falta de exercício). Inclinar a cabeça e as costas para trabalhar, o que dificulta a circulação do sangue nos olhos e estes ficam inchados e maiores. A predisposição hereditária, conseqüência da vida antinatural e do mau uso da vista dos antepassados. Esta predisposição faz com que os tecidos do olho sejam mais fracos e portanto mais propensos a deformar-se e aumentar. Pode compensar-se isto, em quase todos os casos, mediante o endurecimento e fortalecimento do corpo, que se consegue com os nossos tratamentos. A predisposição herdada não produz por si só a vista curta, mas facilita a ação das outras causas. Nem todos os curtos de vista têm os olhos muito grandes, às vezes são normais sob este aspecto. Em tais casos há outros fatores que causam a vista curta. Esses fatores podem ser: 1.° Cristalino muito redondo, que atua como lente demasiadamente potente. É como se o olho tivesse uma lupa na frente. Vê bem e grande o que está perto, mas enxerga apagado o que se acha longe.
2.° Princípio de catarata. Esta, no começo produz vista curta, que às vezes é difícil de distinguir da vista curta comum. É óbvio que depois de certo tempo, os demais sintomas da catarata já permitem reconhecê-la. Por outro lado, a catarata é mais freqüente após os 40 anos.
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Entre os míopes uns chegam a distinguir a maior distância que outros, conforme o grau da debilidade visual. DOENÇAS QUE PODEM PRODUZIR A VISTA CURTA. — São, em primeiro lugar, as que descrevemos no capítulo "Cansaço dos olhos", que são principalmente: Olhos doloridos e cansados. Vontade de dormir. Peso de cabeça ao ler ou fazer qualquer trabalho de perto. Mal-estar diante da luz. Ver manchas negras ou avermelhadas. Quando a vista é muito curta, os olhos costumam ser um tanto salientes, parecem de tamanho maior e as pupilas estão sempre mais abertas que o normal. Há tendência a fechar as pálpebras, pois assim se enxerga um pouco melhor. A vista curta pode ser causa de estrabismo. DIVERSAS ESPÉCIES DE VISTA CURTA. — Geralmente a vista curta aparece durante a meninice ou a adolescência. Ás vezes, apenas começada, estaciona e não aumenta mais. Outras vezes vai aumentando aos poucos, de ano para ano, ata chegar aos 20 ou 25 anos de idade. Então pára no grau atingido, que varia muito conforme as pessoas, mas nunca é demasiado forte (não mais de 6 ou
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Far-se-á o seguinte: Acostumar as crianças, desde muito pequenas, a olhar bem, conforme as normas que damos ao longo desta obra. Levar em conta tudo o que dissemos sobre o trabalho nas escolas (veja-se o capítulo "Conselhos especiais para a infância em idade escolar"), iluminação etc. Favorecer o desenvolvimento mediante uma alimentação sadia e nutritiva, rica em vitaminas e em minerais; exercício, ar puro, cura por enrijecimento. Tudo o que se disse até aqui aplica-se em todos os casos e é útil também para evitar que apareça a miopia. O resto do tratamento varia conforme o grau da vista curta. TRATAMENTO ANTES DOS 25 ANOS EM CASOS DE MIOPIA LEVE. — Antes de tudo, prescindir das lentes. É um grave erro usar lentes nesta idade quando a miopia é leve. As lentes, como têm uma graduação fixa, embora permitam ver, imobilizam o defeito e impedem os esforços que faz a natureza nesta idade para corrigir a vista curta. Os olhos acostumam-se às lentes e quando pelo esforço autocurativo da natureza ou por melhorar o estado de saúde geral, melhora o
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É necessário aprender as regras de ver bem. Além disso, praticarse-ão os exercícios reeducativos especiais para a vista curta, que descrevemos em outros capítulos, (vejam-se), os quais aos poucos farão a vista melhorar e permitirão prescindir das lentes. TRATAMENTO DEPOIS DOS 25 ANOS. — Se a vista curta é em grau leve, ou é variável ou nervosa (por espasmos), suprimir as lentes, definitivamente. De todos os modos, depois dos 25 anos de idade, o uso das lentes já não é tão prejudicial como antes dessa idade. Suprimir-se-ão as causas (vejam-se) e aprender-se-ão as normas de bem ver. Além disso, deverão ser seguidos os exercícios de reeducação da vista, que damos para a vista curta em outro capítulo (vejam-se). Miopia Passageira
Como já dissemos ao falar das causas da miopia, estes casos de vista curta passageira são devidos a contrações nervosas (espasmos) dos músculos que há dentro do olhos. TRATAMENTO. — Não usar lentes. Dormir o suficiente. Vida higiênica, de preferência no campo, se possível. Alimentação nutritiva, sã e rica em vitaminas e minerais.
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No olho hipermetrope, a imagem forma-se atrás; portanto, a imagem é também apagada na retina. Quem tem a vista longa não pode ver bem de longe nem de perto se não forçar a vista. Mesmo para poder ver bem de longe precisa esforçar-se, coisa que não necessita fazer quem possui vista normal. Os olhos normais só acomodam para olhar de perto, mas nunca para olhar de longe. Em compensação, o Olho de vista longa sempre deve acomodar para ver bem, embora tenha de acomodar muito mais quando olha de perto. O Olho hipermetrope só pode estar em repouso (sem adaptação) com a condição de ver tudo apagado, tanto de perto como de longe. Ao contrário do míope, que é um olho maior que o normal, o Olho hipermetrope é um tanto curto, achatado de diante para trás.
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Os selvagens e os homens dos povos primitivos, cuja vida se deslizava mais de acordo com a Natureza, não tinham defeitos da vista. Ainda hoje não os têm os selvagens do Peru nem os polinésios. Os peles vermelhas jamais sofreram de vista curta nem vista longa. As causas diretas da vista longa podem ser três: 1.a Que o olho seja menor que o normal. É esta a causa mais freqüente. 2.a Que o cristalino ou a córnea sejam mais achatados, o que faz diminuir o seu poder como lentes. 3.a Que estejam alteradas as outras partes do olho que deixam passar a luz: corpo vítreo, humor aquoso etc.
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Geralmente bastará usar as lentes para ver de perto, porque de longe pode-se ver bem sem as mesmas. De todos modos, as lentes não são tão prejudiciais para a cura no caso de hipermetropia, como em outros defeitos da vista. As lentes na hipermetropia não se opõem aos defeitos curativos do tratamento, embora seja sempre melhor não usadas se puder dispensá-las desde o começo do tratamento. Quando não for possível delas prescindir logo no início, com o tratamento geral e os exercícios reeducativos da vista, poder-se-ão abandonar as lentes ao cabo de algum tempo, em quase todos os casos. Vista Cansada pelos anos Envelhecimento prematuro da vista)
Este defeito chama-se também "vista dos velhos" e "presbitia".
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envelhecimento de todo o corpo, mas não aos 40. Nesta época, em que o corpo e a mente estão em plenitude de faculdades e energias e em que estas precisamente, para dar frutos, mais necessitam da vista, é quando esta falha. O fato de ser a vista cansada tão comum só significa que a vida moderna, demasiado artificial e antinatural, do mesmo modo como prejudicou a muitos órgãos do corpo, também prejudicou a vista. Este prejuízo, pois, transmite-se por hereditariedade de pais a filhos. Efetivamente, o homem não só adquiriu costumes pouco sadios quanto ao comer, beber e modo de viver em geral, mas também adquiriu o mau cos tume de usar mal da vista, cansando-a e esgotando-a antes do tempo.
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De longe se vê bem. Se a vista cansada não se corrige devidamente e se for necessário trabalhar de perto, aparecem os sintomas do cansaço dos olhos, que descrevemos em outro capítulo, tais como: dor nos olhos, dor de cabeça, lacrimação, obscurecimento da vista, irritação dos olhos e das pálpebras. Estes indícios são mais pronunciados quando há pouca luz ou se trabalha com luz artificial. Devido ao esforço que se realiza para ver bem, a vista cansada agrava-se por si mesma, piorando cada vez mais. Se logo ao notar-
se os primeiros sintomas de vista cansada se suprimissem as suas causas e praticassem os exercícios reeducadores da vista, esta se curaria. Os nervosos e os esgotados chegam antes ao grau máximo de vista
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durante o dia, conforme o que ela tenha dormido, as emoções, o humor, a atenção que prestar ao trabalho, o fumar, o beber etc. Todos estes fatores fazem melhorar a acomodação ou piorá-la durante o dia, não só aos que têm a vista cansada mas inclusive aos de vista normal. Além disso influem sobre o cansaço dos
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banhos de água etc. ; dormir pouco, tresnoitar. desgostos, emoções desagradáveis e inquietudes. Tratamento da vista cansada
Também
os
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vida e alimentação sãs e higiênicas; abundância de vitaminas, especialmente da B; reduzir ou, melhor, evitar o fumo e as bebidas alcoólicas; diminuir ou suprimir o café; não cometer excessos no uso do matrimonio.
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visão dos peles vermelhas, dificilmente igualada por nenhum outro povo. Ao contrário, contrário, nos países países civilizados, hoje em dia não há quase quase nenhum olho perfeito. Inclusive as pessoas de vista aparentemente
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Em outros casos, o grau de desvio varia. Pode ser sempre o mesmo olho o que está desviado, ou ser um ou outro, de forma alternada.
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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