This paper presents the voice activity detection VAD using basic parameters. The voice is found to have hoarseness in case of thyroid and laryngeal cancer patients. It is useful for the better analysis of pathological voices in presence of background
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This is the investigatory project i had done for my final practicals. All readings are taken by me. Hope this file will help others ......
identifying fault that occurs on motor using MEMS accelerometer
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English In Common
This Tenants in Common Agreement can be used to establish or clarify the rights of people who buy, inherit, or receive property together. This Agreement should be used when the property owners desi...
A classic compendium for students and teachers alike
ACTIVITY NO. 2 DETECTION OF COMMON ELEMENTS IN DRUG SAMPLES
Elemental analysis – experiment that determines the amount (typically a weight percent) of an element in a compound The most common common type of elemental analysis is for carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and heteroatoms (CHNX (CHNX analysis). type of analysis useful for organic compounds compounds (compounds containing containing carbon-carbon bonds) important to help determine the structure of an unknown compound, as well as to help ascertain the structure and purity of a synthesized compound 2 Wa Ways: 1. QUANTITATIVE: determine how much of each element are present 2. QUALITATIVE: determine what elements are present
PRINCIPLES INVOLVED
Indicators reacted to the sample due 1.Test for to the presence of H 3O+ and OHacidity & Blue litmus → Red litmus : acidic alkalinity Red → Blue: Basic
2.Test for H and O 3.Test for C 4.Test for N
5.Test for Halogen
Liberation of H and O resulting to the presence of moisture inside (on the sides) the test tubes Presence of black residue as product product of incomple incomplete te combustio combustion n of hydrocarb hydrocarbons ons N is basic in nature and yields yields ammoniated odor a. Beilstein Test: Formation of soot during the combustion indicates aromatic compounds. Organic Organic chlorides chlorides – deep green bromides – bluish with a green at edge
ASPIRIN (acetylsalicylic acid)
PARACETAMOL (acetyl-paraaminophenol)
SULFONAMIDE
B → R (weakly acidic (pKa 5–8) 5 ̴ –8) due to the powerful electron– withdrawing effect of the –SO2 – substituent & stabilization of the resulting anion by resonance)
B→R
R → B
Presence of moisture (+)
Presence of moisture (+)
Presence of moisture (+)
Black Residue (+)
Blac Black k Resi Residu duee (+) (+)
Blac Black k Resi Residu duee (+) (+)
a. R → R (–) b. burnt sugar sugar
a. R → B (+) b. pungent odor odor
a. R → B (+) b. pungent odor
Yellow (–)
Yellow (–)
Yellow (–)
A green flash is indicative of chlorine, bromine, and iodine, but NOT fluorine.
//rgd13
Pharmacy and Chemistry of Medicinals II
ACTIVITY NO. 2 DETECTION OF COMMON ELEMENTS IN DRUG SAMPLES
b. tests for halide ions using silver nitrate solution followed by ammonia solution
Ion Present FClBrI-
Observation
NR
a. Millon’s Test: Phenolic amino acids (Tyrosine and its derivatives) respond to this test. Compounds with a hydroxybenzene radical react with Millon’s reagent NR to form a red colored complex. Millon’s reagent is a solution of mercuric sulfate in sulfuric acid.
6.Test for phenol and benzene
NR
Red (+)
NR
Blue/Violet–blue color (+)
blue, violet, purple, green, or red-brown color (+)
NR
White ppt
yellow color (-) b. Ferric chloride Test: Compounds with a phenol group will form a blue, violet, purple, green, or red-brown coloration Equation 3ArOH + FeCl 3 → Fe(OAr)3 + 3HCl
7.Test for S and P
NR
no precipitate white precipitate very pale cream precipitate very pale yellow precipitate
P + HNO3 → PO4- liberates to react with ammonium molybdate → ammonium phosphomolybdate (yellow precipitate)
determines the purity of aspirin FeCl3 + phenol group = purple complex If salicylic acid (a phenol) is present (impurity) the product will turn purple
