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Welding Technology and Design
1.4.2 Type of welded joints
1.4.2.1 General The important consideration of designing a weldment is the selection of the best type of edge preparation for the given application. During the selection the following main factors must be considered. 1. Mag Magnit nitude ude and typ typee of loa loadin ding g i.e. i.e.,, static compression or tension, fatigue, bending, impact etc. 2. The eff effect ect of warp warping ing on on cooli cooling. ng. 3. The thic thickness kness of the mate material rial to be weld welded. ed. The basic type of welded joints are: butt, tee, corner, lap and edge, as shown in Fig. 1.25. The basic types of welds are: fillet, square, bevelgroove, J-groove and U-groove. The type of joints does not affect the weld. The definition of a welded joint must include include description of both the joint and the weld. weld. 1.4.2.2 Groove-welds The commonly used groove welds have a number of typical properties : (a) Single groove welds welded from one side only should not be used for bending or fatigue loading. It may fail due to stress concentration at the weld root. (b) Single or double groove welds which are welded from both sides can develop full strength. (c) If welds do not extend completely through the thickness of the members jointed, the joint should not be used for fatigue fatigue loading. (d) With single or double bevel type of groove, it may be more difficult to obtain sound weld. (e) If backing strip is used during welding, it must be removed if the joint is subjected to fatigue type of loading. 1.4.2.3 Various types of groove welds (a) Square grooves may be used with butt, corner Tee and edge joints. Complete penetration of square groove weld weld is obtained obtained by welding from both sides sides on material upto 3 mm thick without any root opening and on materials upto 6 mm with adequate root opening. (b) Single Vee groove joints are suitable for materials of 6 mm to 19 mm thick with a minimum root opening of 60 deg. Single Vee groove joints are suitable for most loading conditions. (c) Double Vee groove joints are applicable to butt joint for materials with thickness ranging from 12 mm to 38 mm. Control of distortion is also achieved by using double Vee groove joint and welding on alternate sides of the joint and so balancing the heat input. (d) Single Bevel groove joints include butt, Tee and corner joints. This joint may be used for thickness between 6 mm to 19 mm. However, the narrow included angle (35 to 45 deg.) of the bevel groove joint makes it one of the least desirable types of joint. (e) Double Bevel groove joint may be used for thickness upto 38 mm.
