© ABB Group - 1 11-Dec-08
Introduction to Automatic Voltage Regulators
UNITROL® 1000-15 UNITROL® 1000-40
© ABB Group - 2 11-Dec-08
Content
Refresher AVR
Introduction to UNITROL 1000 Family
Block diagram, technical data
Supply modes
Software functions
Communication, Interface
AVR System
E-Support
UNITROL 1000 sales
© ABB Group - 3 11-Dec-08
Content
Refresher AVR
Introduction to UNITROL 1000 Family
Block diagram, technical data
Supply modes
Modes of operation
Software functions
Communication, Interface
AVR System
E-Support
UNITROL 1000 sales
The Duties of an Excitation System
© ABB Group - 4 11-Dec-08
E
Provide variable DC current with short time overload capability
Control terminal voltage with suitable accuracy
Ensure stable operation with network and / or other machines
Keep machine within permissible operating range
Contribute to transient stability subsequent to a fault.
Communicate with the power plant control system
AVR
© ABB Group - 5 11-Dec-08
Content
Refresher AVR
Introduction to UNITROL 1000 Family
Block diagram, technical data
Supply modes
Software functions
Communication, Interface
AVR System
E-Support
UNITROL 1000 sales
Complexity of performance
Positioning of UNITROL 1000 Family
Indirect excitation with rotating machines
Static Excitation Systems
UNITROL® 5000
UNITROL® F
© ABB Group - 6 11-Dec-08
UNITROL® 1000 Family 40
800
>10‘000
Generator Power / Excitation current
Ifn [ADC]
UNITROL 1000 Family
UNITROL 1000-15
© ABB Group - 7 11-Dec-08
UNITROL 1000-PM40
UNITROL 1000-7
Application Range UNITROL 1000 Family is applicable for:
© ABB Group - 8 11-Dec-08
Synchronous Motors and Synchronous Generators up to approx. 50 MVA
The UNITROL 1000-15
The first member of the UNITROL 1000 Family
Launched in the year 2000
Field current 15 A
More than 1000 pieces sold till today
© ABB Group - 9 11-Dec-08
UNITROL 1000-15
The UNITROL 1000-40 UNITROL 1000-PM40 Power Module
Used in conjunction with UNITROL 1000-15 AVR
Field current up to 40 A
CAN Bus interface
Mainly for retrofit market
CAN Bus
© ABB Group - 10 11-Dec-08
UNITROL 1000-15
.
UNITROL 1000-PM40
UNITROL 1000-40
© ABB Group - 11 11-Dec-08
The UNITROL 1000-7
Single print design
Field current 7 A (70°C ambient)
Without local display
Suitable for harsh environmental conditions
EN, ANSI norms
CE, UL, CSA certified
Prototypes 2Q04
UNITROL 1000-7
© ABB Group - 12 11-Dec-08
Comparison table UNITROL 1000-7
UNITROL 1000-15
UNITROL 1000-40
Excitation current
7 A cont. 14 A ceiling
15 A cont. 30 A ceiling
40 A cont. 80 A ceiling
Digital I/O Analogue I/O
4 in, 4 in/out 4 in, 4 in/out 4 in, 4 in/out 2 in, 1 out 3 in, 2 out 3 in, 2 out
Local display
No
Yes
Yes
I/O Extension
No
Yes
Yes
Mounting
Inside the Machine
Cubicle
Cubicle
© ABB Group - 13 11-Dec-08
Content
Refresher AVR
Introduction to UNITROL 1000 Family
Block diagram, technical data
Supply modes
Software functions
Communication, Interface
AVR System
E-Support
UNITROL 1000 sales
UNITROL 1000-15 Block Diagram
Auxiliary supply U AUX for control electronics L1 L2 L3 (+) (-)
Digital I/O Analog I/O
Measurement and control interface
UN1000 U NET UM I M2
PWM
~/= = RS-232 AVR
RS-485 CAN Power electronics supply
IGBT
Ie
© ABB Group - 14 11-Dec-08
M
U PWR
-
(+) L1 (-) L2
+
L3
E E
© ABB Group - 15 11-Dec-08
UNITROL 1000-15 Technical Data (1)
Large supply voltage range for the auxiliary power 9...250 V AC 3-phase 50...250 V AC 1-phase 18…300 V DC
Power electronics supply 0…250 V AC/DC
Excitation output 15 A DC cont. 30 A DC 10 sec
3-phase or single phase stator voltage measurement
Single phase current measurement (1 A)
Single phase measurement of line voltage for synchronisation
© ABB Group - 16 11-Dec-08
UNITROL 1000-15 Technical Data (2)
4 digital inputs
4 configurable digital inputs/outputs (convertible)
3 configurable analog inputs (can also be used as 2, 4 or 6 digital inputs)
2 analog outputs
RS-485 port for reactive load sharing application (future Modbus)
CAN Bus for controlling local extension modules
RS-232 port for connecting a PC (CMT 1000)
© ABB Group - 17 11-Dec-08
UN1000-15 Mechanical Lay Out
© ABB Group - 18 11-Dec-08
UNITROL 1000-15 Terminal block
© ABB Group - 19 11-Dec-08
UN1000-PM40 Mechanical Lay Out
© ABB Group - 20 11-Dec-08
UNITROL 1000-PM40 Terminal block
© ABB Group - 21 11-Dec-08
Content
Refresher AVR
Introduction to UNITROL 1000 Family
Block diagram, technical data
Supply modes
Software functions
Communication, Interface
AVR System
E-Support
UNITROL 1000 sales
PMG supplied
AVR
© ABB Group - 22 11-Dec-08
UN 1000
PMG
SM
E
Externally supplied
External Power Supply AVR
© ABB Group - 23 11-Dec-08
UN 1000
SM
E
Shunt supplied
AVR
© ABB Group - 24 11-Dec-08
UN 1000
SM
E
Shunt supplied with AC boost
AVR
Boost for short circuit support UN 1000
© ABB Group - 25 11-Dec-08
boost
SM
E
Shunt supplied with DC boost
AVR
Boost for short circuit support UN 1000 Station battery
boost
© ABB Group - 26 11-Dec-08
SM
E
DC-Exciter supplied Retrofitting systems with DC Exciter machines
AVR
UN 1000 start
+
© ABB Group - 27 11-Dec-08
SM
= -
© ABB Group - 28 11-Dec-08
Content
Refresher AVR
Introduction to UNITROL 1000 Family
Block diagram, technical data
Supply modes
Software functions
Communication, Interface
AVR System
E-Support
UNITROL 1000 sales
© ABB Group - 29 11-Dec-08
Software Functions for Start-up
Soft start
Field Flashing Off
Voltage Relay function
Automatic Synchronizing (optional) more info
Basic operation modes
Voltage control mode with PID control algorithm
Power factor controller with PID control algorithm
Reactive power (Var) controller with PID control algorithm
Excitation current controller (manual control) with PI control algorithm Bump-less change over between all operation modes
© ABB Group - 30 11-Dec-08
Illustration: PF/Var
© ABB Group - 31 11-Dec-08
Software functions for on-line operation
Reactive current droop for parallel operation
Analogue input for superimposed voltage regulation
Voltage Droop Compensation (VDC) mode in island operation more info
Limiters
V/Hz limiter
Minimum excitation current limiter
Underexcited reactive current limiter as a function of active power (P/Q)
Three step delayed maximum excitation current limiter
Machine voltage min/max limiters
© ABB Group - 32 11-Dec-08
“Limit Active” indications are provided Power chart
© ABB Group - 33 11-Dec-08
Monitoring and Protective functions
Software alarm function (Watchdog)
Under voltage detection to activate external current boost for short circuit support
Rotating Diode Monitoring (optional)
Channel monitoring (for redundant systems) more info
© ABB Group - 34 11-Dec-08
Software Functions for commissioning
Open loop control of output voltage for test purposes
Built-in step test function for regulator tuning, together with CMT 1000 commissioning software
Future Software Functions
© ABB Group - 35 11-Dec-08
To be implemented:
Power System Stabilizer (PSS)
Dual channel system using CAN Bus
Data / Event logger
© ABB Group - 36 11-Dec-08
Content
Refresher AVR
Introduction to UNITROL 1000 Family
Block diagram, technical data
Supply modes
Software functions
Communication, Interface
AVR System
E-Support
UNITROL 1000 sales
Human Machine Interface (HMI) Local Panel
© ABB Group - 37 11-Dec-08
UNITROL 1000-15
Actual value indication
Setting of parameters
Configuration of digital and analog I/O’s
CMT 1000 Software ...
© ABB Group - 38 11-Dec-08
... a user friendly tool for commissioning and maintenance of UNITROL 1000 Family
Actual value measurements
Parameter settings
Status indications
Power chart
Oscilloscope
Synchronoscope
Parameter files
Windows 98, NT, 2000 and XP compatible
© ABB Group - 39 11-Dec-08
CMT 1000 Software – Device Configurator
I/O Configuration
System Data
© ABB Group - 40 11-Dec-08
CMT 1000 Software - Oscilloscope
Trending 20 channels
50 ms resolution
File save in numerical form
Cursor measurements
Bitmap export
© ABB Group - 41 11-Dec-08
CMT 1000 Software – Other features
Synchronoscope
Power Chart
Measurements
Future Communication Functions
© ABB Group - 42 11-Dec-08
To be implemented:
Modbus communication
Digital/Analogue I/O Extension over CAN Bus
Enhanced CMT 1000
© ABB Group - 43 11-Dec-08
Content
Refresher AVR
Introduction to UNITROL 1000 Family
Block diagram, technical data
Supply modes
Software functions
Communication, Interface
AVR System
E-Support
UNITROL 1000 sales
AVR System What components are needed around the AVR for safe and reliable operation?
Power circuits
Excitation breaker
Over current protection
Field flashing / boosting circuit (shunt supply only)
Interposing supply transformer
Auxiliary (electronics) supply
Signals
© ABB Group - 44 11-Dec-08
Galvanic isolation for I/O signals (relays, transducers)
© ABB Group - 45 11-Dec-08
Standard Cubicle with UNITROL 1000-15
Pre-engineered solution for end users
Configuration by Internet tool
OEM Plate with UNITROL 1000-15
© ABB Group - 46 11-Dec-08
AVR system optimized for
OEM specific solution
End user specific solution for repeat projects
© ABB Group - 47 11-Dec-08
Content
Refresher AVR
Introduction to UNITROL 1000 Family
Block diagram, technical data
Supply modes
Software functions
Communication, Interface
AVR System
E-Support
UNITROL 1000 sales
System Configurator in the Internet
Requirements from the customer
System engineering made by configurator
Output:
System description with a single line diagram
Electrical schematics
Layout drawing
Parameter file for UNITROL 1000
Material list
Pricing
© ABB Group - 48 11-Dec-08
www.abb.com/unitrol Look for “UNITROL 1000 Configurator”
E-Learning
© ABB Group - 49 11-Dec-08
Interactive training course
Excitation basics
UNITROL 1000 connections, operation, panel, etc.
CMT 1000 software
Commissioning
Available on a CD-ROM
© ABB Group - 50 11-Dec-08
Content
Refresher AVR
Introduction to UNITROL 1000 Family
Block diagram, technical data
Supply modes
Software functions
Communication, Interface
AVR System
E-Support
UNITROL 1000 sales
Ordering information UNITROL 1000-15 (version 4)
Standard unit:
3BHE014557R0003
With Synchronising:
3BHE014557R0004
With RDM:
3BHE014557R0005
With Sync & RDM:
3BHE014557R0006
Scope of delivery:
CD-ROM with CMT 1000 software
RS-232 cable
User’s Manual
Power Unit UNITROL 1000-PM40 © ABB Group - 51 11-Dec-08
Standard:
3BHE015411R0001
UNITROL 1000-15 Facts and Figures Delivery times: Module:
2 weeks
Standard system: 6 weeks Custom system: 3 months
© ABB Group - 52 11-Dec-08
Sold:
2000
24 Units
2001
215 Units
2002
352 Units
2003
336 Units
© ABB Group - 53 11-Dec-08
Conclusion
Proven technology
Decades of experience
Compact product
Extensive software
Low engineering cost
System configurator
Low commissioning costs
CMT 1000, E-Learning
High availability
World-wide support 24 h/day
© ABB Group - 54 11-Dec-08
Thank You for Your attention
PF and Var Control Modes POWER FACTOR Control REACTIVE POWER Control +P [MW]
Cos φ = 0.8
+P [MW]
+Q [MVAR]
-Q
+Q [MVAR]
-Q
© ABB Group - 56 11-Dec-08
-P
Q = 0.2 p.u
Power Chart with operational limits
© ABB Group - 57 11-Dec-08
Max. field current limiter Min. field current limiter Under excitation P,Q limiter
-Q
P
1/Xd
+Q
VDC - Voltage Droop Compensation
Reactive power is shared equally between parallel generators, without any drop in voltage level
RS-485 bus communication between AVRs
Load A
Load B
U = 100 %
© ABB Group - 58 11-Dec-08
SM
RS-485
AVR 1
SM
AVR 2
SM
AVR 3
SM
AVR 4
VDC - Voltage Droop Compensation
Reactive power is shared equally between parallel generators, without any drop in voltage level
RS-485 bus communication between AVRs
Possible to divide into separate island networks Load A
Load B
U = 100 %
© ABB Group - 59 11-Dec-08
SM
RS-485
AVR 1
SM
Prim. Net = 1
AVR 2
SM
Din = Secondary Net
AVR 3
SM
Prim. Net = 1 Sec. Net = 2
AVR 4
Synchronizing
Voltage matching
Speed control, analogue bias signal
Breaker close command
Synchrocheck
UNET Setpoint fSP = fNom CB
Command Fbias
Speed Controller
UNITROL 1000
Sync Setpoint
UM
© ABB Group - 60 11-Dec-08
Regulator
T
SM
E
Redundant AVR system
Auto follow
redundant (stand by) following actual values
AVR
Auto change over
SW Alarm
MCB trip
External command
UN 1000
AVR
UN 1000
© ABB Group - 61 11-Dec-08
Future: CAN Bus G
E
