Abaqus

Abaqus for Oil & Gas Geomechanics © Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information

Stephen King| SIMULIA

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© Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information

Agenda Overview Abaqus capabilities for Oil & Gas Geomechanics Applications of Abaqus capabilities Reservoir Geomechanics Simulations Summary

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Oil & Gas Geomechanics: Points to Consider Is coupled pore fluid diffusion-stress analysis necessary?


Pointseffects to consider Are temperature important?

for simulations

Which material model is appropriate? Is damage and failure modeling important? Is contact modeling important?

What is the model scale? Does it involve multiple scales? What is turnaround time for simulations? What element types need to be used? Are there proprietary material models or loads that need to be taken into account? 3

Coupled Pore Fluid Diffusion-Displacement


Fully coupled pore fluiddisplacement solutions • Pore fluid flow affects the deformations and the deformations affect the pore fluid flow

No pore pressure effects Courtesy: S. Mantica, G.Capasso & S.Monaco , eni E&P

• Fully drained

Courtesy: MCS

Pore pressure affects results but no fluid diffusion • Fully undrained Coupled temperature-fluid

diffusion-displacement 4

Material Models Nonlinear stress-strain behavior


Irreversible deformations Some factors

that affect model choice

Influence of hydrostatic pressure stress on “strength” Influence of hydrostatic pressure on stress-strain behavior Influence of intermediate principal stress on “strength” Shear stressing-dilatancy coupling Influence of hydrostatic pressure stress on volume changes Hardening/softening related to volume changes Stress path dependency

Effects of stress reversals 5

Material Models Abaqus provides a wide range of material modelsYield surface


Elasticity models

Shear stress

• Linear, isotropic • Porous, isotropic (nonlinear)

Pressure

Plasticity models • Open surface, pressure independent (Mises) • Open surface, pressure dependent (MohrCoulomb, Drucker-Prager) • Closed surface (Cam-clay, DruckerPrager with Cap) • Multisurface (jointed material) 6

Damage and Failure Progressive damage simulations © Dassault Systèmes Ι Confidential Information

• Range of damage initiation and propagation criteria

Cohesive elements • With or without pore pressures

Erosion • User-defined erosion criteria

Element failure and deletion 7

Advanced Contact Modeling Capabilities Automatic contact detection and general contact


Soil-structure interactions • Lagrangian contact • Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian contact • Range of friction models, including customized models

Pore fluid contact • Maintain pore pressure continuity across an interface or specify impermeable interfaces • Cohesive pore pressure elements

Ties and contact activation 8


High performance solutions • Parallel execution on clusters for both Abaqus/Standard and Explicit • High-performance direct and iterative solvers

Submodeling • Drive detailed simulations using global results

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Analysis time [hrs]

Efficient Simulations at Various Scales 10

Reservoir analysis scaling

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Direct Iterative

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2.4M DOF

2 0 4

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Cores

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Element Technology Comprehensive element library 2D and 3D


Shells, beams, solids Special purpose elements • Cohesive elements • Infinite elements

Different shapes • Triangles and rectangles • Bricks and tetrahedrals

Different interpolation orders • First and second order 10

Extensions and Customization User subroutines


User elements User materials Proprietary failure criteria User loads and boundary conditions User friction models

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Ice Scouring Application


• Iceberg gouging of sea floor near buried arctic oil pipelines

Why Abaqus Unified FEA? • Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian capability to capture ice-soil-structure interactions accurately • Extensive nonlinear material modeling for different types of soil. • General contact to easily setup all contact interactions. • Scalable parallel performance on many cores.

Benefits • Optimize required pipeline burial depth for safe operations in the arctic ecosystem 13

Courtesy: JP Kenny

Offshore Platforms Application


• Assess the integrity of spudcan foundations taking into account installation procedure and operational loads

Why Abaqus Unified FEA? • Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian capability to capture soil-structure interactions accurately • Extensive nonlinear material modeling for different types of soil. • General contact to easily setup all contact interactions. • Scalable parallel performance on many cores.

Benefits • Improve stability of offshore structures 14

Sand Control Application


• Estimate erosion and sand production as a function of hydrocarbon production

Why Abaqus Unified FEA? • Adaptive meshing with advection • Solution mapping • User subroutines for user-defined erosion criteria • Fully coupled pore pressure-displacement solutions using coupled pore pressuredisplacement elements • Element failure and deletion capabilities

Benefits • Determine appropriate sand control techniques with greater confidence 15

Erosion of material (sand production) in an oil wellbore

Sand Control Application


• Design and evaluate all aspects of Expandable Sand Screens (ESS®), from installation to operation in a variety of applications/reservoir conditions.

Why Abaqus Unified FEA? • Most advanced FEA tool for realistic simulation accounting for all nonlinearities • Geometry import from a variety of CAD tools and formats • Extensive nonlinear material modeling for different types of rock and soil • Sophisticated and yet very easy to use “general” contact capabilities to handle even the most complex contact conditions • Abaqus/Explicit for simulating nonlinear dynamic events

Benefits

Courtesy: Weatherford

• Develop enhanced and new ESS designs with substantial cost savings 16

Hydraulic Fracture Application • Simulate effects of hydraulic fracture on hydrocarbon production


Why Abaqus Unified FEA? • Special-purpose cohesive elements with pore pressure degrees of freedom to model fractured surface • Specify tangential and normal flow • Fully coupled pore pressure-displacement procedure using coupled pore pressuredisplacement elements • Good library of material properties, together with failure modeling • User subroutines for using advanced and/or proprietary technology

Hydraulically induced fracture near a well bore

Benefits • Assess value of hydraulic fracture and use appropriate fracing technology 17

Potential of XFEM technology in the future

Well Casings Application


• Design well casings taking into account cyclic thermal loads and formation movements

Why Abaqus Unified FEA? • Coupled thermal-stress analysis • Material models for metals and soil • Fully coupled pore pressure-displacement solutions • User-defined extensions

Benefits • Reduce casing failures especially for Cyclic Steam Stimulation (CSS), Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD), and other (thermal) secondary extraction methods 18

Courtesy: C-FER (SCC 2008)



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Reservoir Geomechanics


Subsidence and compaction can affect production The extraction of oil & gas from underground reservoirs leads to a reduction in pore fluid pressure  This results in a redistribution of stress in the rock formation  Can lead to ground subsidence  Can in turn affect the flow of oil & gas within the reservoir

Geomechanics predictions of ground deformation is needed to maximize oil & gas extraction 



Flow of oil & gas is simulated by reservoir flow simulators, such as Eclipse Abaqus is used for geomechanics

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Courtesy: eni E&P

Reservoir Geomechanics Application • Determine subsidence and compaction as a function of hydrocarbon extraction


Why Abaqus Unified FEA? • Coupled pore pressure-displacement solutions • Element technology • Library of soil material properties • Damage and failure modeling • User-defined extensions • Materials, elements, loads, etc. • Contact • Submodeling • High performance parallel execution

Benefits • Improve estimates of hydrocarbon production and avoid well bore failures 21

Courtesy: S. Mantica, G.Capasso & S.Monaco , eni E&P



Subsidence and Compaction

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Subsidence and Compaction

http://www.fesaus.org/webcast/2009/09/NewTechForum_10_Gmi/Member42942/ 23

Available in 6.11*

Streamlined Reservoir Geomechanics


Geological Modeling

Flow Setup

Geomechanics Setup

Flow Execution

Geomechanics Execution

Detailed Geomechanics

Collaborative R&D with ENI • Streamlined process for setting up reservoir geomechanics model in Abaqus • Create Abaqus models from Eclipse reservoir models • Use Eclipse results to drive Abaqus geomechanics simulations

* May need minor services engagement to tailor solution to customer workflow 24



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Coming soon


Integrated Reservoir Simulations

SIMULIA-Baker Hughes partnership • Baker Hughes’ JewelSuite will provide an integrated reservoir modeling environment that will fully support Abaqus technologies • Solution will also support coupled simulations between Abaqus and industryleading reservoir flow tools

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Summary


Abaqus: Industry-leading oil & gas geomechanics capabilities

Strong geomechanics capabilities leveraging core Abaqus strengths  Contact, HPC, Fracture and Failure etc.

Accelerating investments for reservoir simulations  ENI (and other) customer engagements to address key needs  BakerHughes partnership for Integrated Reservoir Simulations

Dedicated R&D roadmap for Oil & Gas geomechanics to continue further improvements

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Abaqus

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