ABAP Material

SAP –ABAP

BOOK

The basic objects for defining data in the ABAP Dictionary are tables, data elements, and domains. The domain is used for the technical definition of a table field (for example, field type and length), while the data element is used for the semantic definition (for example, short description). Domain describes the value range of a field by its data type and length. The value range can be limited by specifying fixed values. Data element describes the meaning of a domain in a certain business context. The data element contains primarily the field help (F1 documentation) and the field labels in the screen.A field is not an independent object, but is table-dependent. The field canonly be maintained within a table.

You can enter the data type and number of places directly for a field. No data element is required in this case. Instead, the data type and number of places are defined b y specifying a direct type. The data type attributes of a data element can also be defined by specifyinga built-in type, where the data type and number of places are entereddirectly.

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SAP –ABAP

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Basic Objects of the ABAP Data Dictionary Table A

Table B

Data Element 1

Table C

Data Element 2

Domain BC030_2.03.4

Foreign key definitions are generally imparted from the include to the including table. The attributes of the foreign key definition are passed from the include to the including table. As a result, the foreign key depends on the definition in the include. The structure of the objects of application development are mapped in tables on the underlying relational database. The attributes of these objects correspond to fields of the table. A table consists of columns (fields) and rows (entries). It has a name and different attributes, such as delivery class and maintenance authorization.

A field has a unique name and attributes and can be a key field.A table has one or more key fields called the primary key.The values of these key fields uniquely identify a table entry.You must specify a reference table for fields containing currency (data typeCURR) or quantity (data type QUAN). This table must contain a field(reference field ) with the format for currency keys (data type CUKY) or forunits (data type UNIT). The field is only assigned to the reference fieldat program runtime.

Figure 7: Basic Objects of the ABAP Dictionary

Unit 2 Tables in the ABAP Dictionary Creating Tables

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SAP –ABAP

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Requirement: Create a Vendor General Data Using Below Information. Field Name LIFNR NAME1 ORT01 STRAS LAND1

Data Type CHAR CHAR CHAR CHAR CHAR

Length 10 35 35 35 35

Description Vendor Acc No Name of Vendor City District Country Key

For the Above requirement we need to Create a DB Table To create DB Table we have two different approches. (1) Top Down (Table -> Data element -> Domain) (2) Bottom Up (Domain -> Data element -> Table) We will go with Bottom Up approach. First create 2 different Domains. One for field LIFNR and another for rest 4 fields Steps to Create Data Base Table: (1) Create Domain (2) Create Dataelement (3) Create Database Table (1) Create Domain Goto transaction SE11.

Now you will enter the ABAP Dictionary Select the Radio Button beside Domain. Enter the Name of the Domain as ZLIFNR Click on create button or press F5 Button.

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SAP –ABAP

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The Disadvantages in the above Scenario are: (1) Data Needs to be Stored in Multiple servers (Replication of Data), which leads to complication of the systems and require more Database space. (2)

Communication between different servers is possible only when an interface is developed and used.

(3)

Data Needs to be moved to other servers regularly, otherwise there would be no data available.

After Implementing ERP

Finance

PP

HR

QM

MM

SD

Following are the Advantages of Implementing an ERP . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Single integrated software program Single database Information shared and communicated Automates customer orders, order fulfilment , billing, shipping, etc. Tracking . Easy to track any transaction through out the Enterprise.

Below Table shows the Various ERP Packages offered by different Companies.

















































SAP –ABAP

BOOK

The Disadvantages in the above Scenario are: (1) Data Needs to be Stored in Multiple servers (Replication of Data), which leads to complication of the systems and require more Database space. (2)

Communication between different servers is possible only when an interface is developed and used.

(3)

Data Needs to be moved to other servers regularly, otherwise there would be no data available.

After Implementing ERP

Finance

PP

HR

QM

MM

SD

Following are the Advantages of Implementing an ERP . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Single integrated software program Single database Information shared and communicated Automates customer orders, order fulfilment , billing, shipping, etc. Tracking . Easy to track any transaction through out the Enterprise.

Below Table shows the Various ERP Packages offered by different Companies.

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Proprietary ERP Software ERP Product

Company

1C:Enterprise Accpac Agresso Business World

1C Company The Sage Group Unit 4 Agresso CGI Group (formerly American Management Systems) Infor Global Solutions Made2Manage Systems Epicor SuperNova Solutions Infor Global Solutions Industrial & Financial Systems Oracle Oracle SIV.AG Lawson Software QAD Microsoft Intentia NetSuite Inc. Oracle Oracle Ramco Systems The Sage Group SAP SAP iSystems, Inc Infor Global Solutions

AMS Advantage ERP LX (aka BPCS) Enterprise Business System Epicor Enterprise ERManager ERP LN (aka Baan) IFS Applications JD Edwards EnterpriseOne JD Edwards World kVASy4 Lawson Financials MFG/PRO Microsoft Dynamics Movex NetERP Oracle e-Business Suite PeopleSoft Ramco e.Applications Sage MAS 500 SAP R/3 mySAP TQT Visual Enterprise

Big 5 Market Share Evolution (%)

e g a t n e c r e P

80 70 60 50 40 30 20

SAP ORACLE SIEBEL PEOPLESOFT JDEDWARDS

10 0

The

) 4 ) 4 ) 4 ) 5 ) 5 ) 5 ) 5 ) 0 4 ' 0 ' 0 ' 0 ' 0 ' 0 ' 0 ' 0 ' ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 2 shows 3 4 the 1percentage 2 3 4 above Q 1graph Q Q Q Q Q Q Q of Market

share of various ERP packages.

Quarter

SAP Enjoys 72% of Global ERP Market Share

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2. SAP

SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS AND PRODUCTS SAP Stands for Systems Applications and Products in Data Processing SAP is a German software company that produces the R/3 system and ECC . R/3 is an example of an ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system. ERP systems are used by corporations to track all information related to the business, including financials, sales, and mate rials data. (1) R/2 Stands for Real Time ,Two Tier (2) R/3 Stands for Real Time, Three tier (3) ECC Stands for ERP Central Component R/3 is based on a client-server architecture and uses a relational database to track all information related to a corporation. It’s made up of thousands of small programs called transactions. A transaction is a program and set of screens that can be used to enter, change, or display data; monitor events within the R/3 system; and change functionality in the R/3 system. R/3 gathers related transactions into groups known as modules. A module is a set of transactions that deal with the same area of business functionality. There are modules for Materials, Financials, Human Resources, Sales, and other common business functions. The simplest definition of an R/3 system is " one database." In one R/3 system, there is only one database. To expand the definition, R/3 is considered to be all of the components attached to that one database. One R/3 system is composed of one database server accessing a single database, one or more application servers, and one or more presentation servers. By definition, it is all of the components attached to one database. If you have one database, you have one system. If you have one s ystem, you have one database. During an implementation, there is usually one system (or one database) assigned to development, one or more systems designated for testing, and one assigned to production SAP – Three Tier Architecture Presentation Server: The presentation server is actually a program named sapgui.exe. It is usually installed on a user's workstation. To start it, the user double-clicks on an icon on the desktop or chooses a menu path. When started, the presentation server displays the R/3 menus within a window. This window is commonly known as the SAPGUI, or the user interface (or simply, the interface). The interface accepts input from the user in the form of keystrokes, mouse-clicks, and function keys, and sends these re quests to the application server to be processed. The application server sends the results back to the SAPGUI which then formats the output for display to the user.

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Presentation

-

Server-

Tier 3

SAP-GUI

Tier 2

ABAP-Program

Layer

Application

-

ServerLayer

client-independent Database

Repository (all Dev.Objects)

client-dependent

Tier 1

Customizing -Tables Application -Tables

Application Server An application server is a set of executables that collectively interpret the ABAP/4 programs and manage the input and output for them. When an application server is started, these executables all start at the same time. When an application server is stopped, they all shut down together. T he number of processes that start up when you bring up the application server is defined in a single configuration file called the application server profile. Each application server has a profile that specifies its characteristics when it starts up and while it is running. For example, an application sever profile specifies: • • •

Number of processes and their types Amount of memory each process may use Length of time a user is inactive before being automatically logged off

The application server exists to interpret ABAP/4 programs, and they only run there-the programs do not run on the presentation server. An ABAP/4 program can start an executable on the presentation server, but an ABAP/4 program cannot execute there. If your ABAP/4 program requests information from the database, the application server will format the request and send it to the database server. The database server is a set of executables that accept database requests from the application server. These requests are passed on to the RDBMS (Relation Database Management System). The RDBMS sends the data back to the database server, which then passes the information back to the application server. The application server in turn passes that information to your ABAP/4 program.

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There is usually a separate computer dedicated to house the database server, and the RDBMS ma y run on that computer also, or may be installed on its own computer. Database Server The Latest Versions of R/3 are now named as ECC. The Versions in ECC are SAP ECC 5.0, SAP ECC 6.0, SAP ECC 6.2 ETC..., The database server is a set of executables that accept database requests from the application server. These requests are passed on to the RDBMS (Relation Database Management System). The RDBMS sends the data back to the database server, which then passes the information back to the application server. The application server in turn passes that information to your ABAP/4 program. There is usually a separate computer dedicated to house the database server, and the RDBMS ma y run on that computer also, or may be installed on its own computer. Introducing the SAP Software Program In the past, other vendors have offered applications that manage a single area of business functionality — such as inventory control, general ledger accounting, or customer lists. Rather than simply package s everal such applications together into a single box, SAP has instead produced a suite of major business applications that are tightly integrated. One of the reasons for the immense success of SAP is this integration between its modules. Thus, when a vendor fulfills a purchase order by sending the requested materials, inventory levels are adjusted, invoices are verified, checks are issued, and so on. An event in one module, such as Materials, can initiate automatic responses in others, such as Sales or Plant Maintenance. All of this processing takes place within the normal SAP functionality — without any custom programming.

The Role of Configuration in Implementing SAP What makes this integration work is the configuration of SAP to work with an individual corporation’s business practices. In the context of SAP, the term configuration refers to the act of assigning values to thousands of possible settings within the modules. These settings give users of SAP tremendous control over how SAP functions. As you can imagine, corporations are much like individuals — they have very different personalities. SAP must be flexible enough to adapt to many different ways of doing business. For example, a purchase order may be configured to require that a person’s name be entered as the requester of the purchase. In this setup, when a user creates a purchase order in the system, he or she must enter the name of the requester in order to save the information. On the other hand, if the purchase order form i s set up without this requirement, the system allows a purchase order to be created without the name of the requester. This configuration is done by analysts experienced in Business Process Reengineering, the art of identifying business processes and changing them to achieve greater efficiency. After SAP is installed, these configuration experts customize the modules to meet the corporation’s needs, or help the corporation change its business practices to achieve the most efficiency out of SAP. This configuration doesn’t usually involve programmers, but is instead done b y business analysts. When the configuration process is nearing completion, the programmers are brought in to extend any part of SAP that can’t be configured to meet the needs of the corporation.

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Although business analysts are responsible for configuration, the impact of this customization process on programmers can’t be overstated. A program can’t be designed adequately until the configuration is stable. Unfortunately, because of time constraints, the configuration is seldom completely finished before the programmers must begin their design work. This is one of the unique challenges that face SAP programmers. SAP HISTORY FROM START-UP SOFTWARE VENDOR TO GLOBAL MARKET LEADER Over the course of three decades, SAP has evolved from a small, regional enterprise into a world-class international company. Today, SAP is the global market leader in collaborative, inter-enterprise business solutions. The company now employs more than 51,500 people, whose commitment and innovative spirit pace our future success. The 1970s: A Real-Time Vision In 1972, five former IBM employees – Dietmar Hopp, Hans-Werner Hector, Hasso Plattner, Klaus Tschira, and Claus Wellenreuther – launch a company called Systems Applications and Products in Data P rocessing in Mannheim, Germany. Their vision: to develop standard application software for real-time business processing. One year later, the first financial accounting software is complete, forming the basis for the continuous development of other software components in what later came to be known as the "R/1 system." "R" stands for real-time data processing. By the end of the decade, intensive examination of SAP's IBM database and dialog control system leads to the birth of SAP R/2. The 1980s: Rapid Growth SAP moves into the company's first building on Max-Planck-Strasse in an industrial park in Walldorf, near Heidelberg. Our software development area and its 50 terminals are all now under one roof. Fifty of the 100 largest German industrial firms are already SAP customers. The SAP R/2 system attains the high level of stability of the previous generation of programs. Keeping in mind its multinational customers, SAP designs SAP R/2 to handle different languages and currencies. With this and other innovations in SAP R/2, SAP sees rapid growth. By the middle of the decade, SAP founds its first sales organization outside Germany, in Austria. The company makes its first appearance at the CeBIT computer fair in Hanover, Germany. Revenues reach DM 100 million (around $52 million), earlier than expected. In August 1988, SAP GmbH becomes SAP AG. Starting on November 4, 1.2 million shares are listed on the Frankfurt and Stuttgart stock exchanges. Germany's renowned business journal, manager magazine, names SAP its Company of the Year – a distinction we would receive twice more in the next few years.

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With the founding of subsidiaries in Denmark, Sweden, Italy, and the United States, SAP's international expansion takes a leap forward. The 1990s: A New Approach to Software and Solutions SAP R/3 is unleashed on the market. The client-server concept, uniform appearance of graphical interfaces, consistent use of relational databases, and the ability to run on computers from different vendors meets with overwhelming approval. With SAP R/3, SAP ushers in a new generation of enterprise software – from mainframe computing to the three-tier architecture of database, application, and user interface. To this day, the client-server architecture is the standard in business software. A growing number of subsidiaries are managed out of Walldorf. The new Sales and Development Center in Walldorf officially opens it doors. It symbolizes the global success of the company. In our twentieth year, our business outside Germany exceeds 50 percent of total sales for the first time. By 1996, the company has earned 1,089 new SAP R/3 customers. At the end of the year, SAP R/3 has been installed in more than 9,000 systems worldwide. SAP celebrates its twenty-fifth anniversary in 1997 and now employs approximately 12,900 people. We continue to strengthen our industry focus and build more and more industry-specific solutions. Henning Kagermann becomes Co-Chairman and CEO of SAP AG with Hasso Plattner. On August 3, 1998, the letters S-A-P appear for the first time on the Big B oard at the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the largest stock exchange in the world. As the decade draws to a close, Hasso Plattner, Co-Founder, Co-Chairman, and CEO a nnounces the mySAP.com strategy, heralding the beginning of a new direction for the company and our product portfolio. mySAP.com links e-commerce solutions to existing ERP a pplications, using state-of-the-art Web technology. The 2000s: Innovation for the New Millennium: With the Internet, the user becomes the focus of software applications. SAP develops SAP Workplace and paves the way for the idea of an enterprise portal and role-specific access to information. Currently, more than 12 million users work each day with SAP solutions. There are now 121,000 installations worldwide, more than 1,500 SAP partners, over 25 industry-specific business solutions, and more than 75,000 customers in 120 countries. SAP is the world's third-largest independent software vendor. With service-oriented architecture and the underlying integration and application platform SAP NetWeaver, SAP is providing our customers with solutions for end-to-end business processes. With SAP NetWeaver, your company can integrate people, information, and processes within the company and beyond. To further demonstrate our commitment for ongoing innovation, growth, and market leadership, SAP acquired Business Objects in 2008. Together, SAP and Business Objects, an SAP company, offers the industry's most comprehensive portfolio of business performance and optimization solutions for companies of all sizes.

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SAP –ABAP

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BUSINESS IN BRIEF SAP is the world's leading provider of business software, offering applications and services that enable companies of all sizes across more than 25 industries to become best-run businesses. With more than 86,000 customers in over 120 countries, the company is listed on several exchanges, including the Frankfurt stock exchange and NYSE, under the symbol "SAP." Business and Corporate Overview (U.S. GAAP) Total Revenue

€11,565 million (FY 2008)

Software and Software-Related Service Revenue

€8,457 million (FY 2008)

Operating Income

€2,840 million (FY 2008)

Employees

51,500 (FTE at Dec. 31, 2008)

Customers

More than 86,000 in over 120 countries

Partners

More than 2,400 certified partners

R & D Investment

€1,631 million / 14% of total revenue (FY 2008)

SOLUTIONS AND SERVICES PORTFOLIO In 2007, SAP introduced "innovation without disruption" with enhancement packages, a radical new concept that is unique in the software industry that does away with the traditional software upgrades. Customers can install these packages during live operation, deciding themselves which of the new functions to activate, thus considerably reduces operating costs. Learn more about: • • • • • • •

Applications SAP BusinessObjects portfolio On-demand solutions Industry-specific solution portfolios SAP NetWeaver SAP solutions for small businesses and midsize companies SAP Services

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Applications For larger enterprises, SAP Business Suite offers modular enterprise software that supports end-to-end industry processes. Powered by the SAP NetWeaver technology platform, SAP Business Suite currently includes: SAP ERP o Addresses the core business software requirements of the most demanding midsize businesses and large organizations around the world – in all industries and sectors o Includes four individual solutions that support key functional areas: SAP ERP Financials, SAP ERP Human Capital Management, SAP ERP Operations, and SAP ERP Corporate Services . The Functional Modules the are Included in SAP ERP are (1) Material Management (MM) (2) Sales & Distribution (SD) (3) Finance (FI) (4) Controlling (CO) (5) Human Capital Management (HCM) (6) Production Planning (PP) (7) Quality Management (QM) (8) Warehouse Management (WM) (9) Project Life Cycle Management (PLM) Etc.., •

There are many more modules. SAP CRM (Customer Relationship Management ) o Provides agile platform needed to help companies achieve a 360-degree view of the customer that engages the broader business ecosystem in order to help identify trends be fore they hit o Enables customer-driven growth by helping organizations to  Satisfy their customers through superior interactions and experiences across all channels  Empower their teams to perform business functions and manage interactions with customers, anytime and anywhere  Grow their business by capitalizing on insights into their customers, providing a superior customer experience, and making the most of their business advantage o Builds on SAP's focus on delivering strong standard CRM functionality with deep industry processes enabled through unique SAP front-to-back-office integration SAP SCM (Supply Chain Management ) • o Helps organizations transform a linear supply chain into an adaptive supply chain network, in which communities of customer-centric, demand-driven companies share knowledge, intelligently adapt to changing market conditions, and proactively respond to shorter, less predictable life cycles SAP SRM (Supplier Relationship Management ) • o Helps organizations manage their all-important vendor relationships, providing strategic value through sustainable cost savings, contract compliance, and quick time-to-value SAP PLM (Product Lifecycle Management ) • •

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o

Provides an integrated, single source of all product-related information needed for collaborating with business partners and supporting processes – including product innovation, design and engineering, quality and maintenance management, and control of environmental issues SAP BusinessObjects Portfolio SAP BusinessObjects portfolio offers tools and applications designed to help customers optimize business performance by connecting people, information, and businesses across business networks. Solutions for Large Enterprises o Intelligence platform – Connects all people to all information on one platform, providing a unified view of the business o SAP BusinessObjects governance, risk, and compliance solutions – Helps customers promote corporate accountability by unifying corporate strategy, control initiatives, opportunity discovery, and loss mitigation across the extended enterprise o SAP BusinessObjects enterprise performance management solutions – Enables customers to become more agile and competitive by providing organizational alignment, visibility, and greater confidence Solutions for Small Businesses and Midsize Companies • o SAP BusinessObjects Edge – A connected, interactive, and open business intelligence solution for midsize companies o Crystal Reports – A complete report management solution for small companies o Xcelsius – Dynamic and customizable data visualization software. •

On-demand solutions SAP Business ByDesign o Is the "game-changing" addition to the SAP portfolio of distinct solutions for small businesses and midsize companies and complements the existing solutions o Is the industry's most complete and adaptable on-demand business solution, built around four key principles – completeness, ease of use, adaptability and significantly cutting total cost of ownership – allowing customers to exploit the full potential of new business trends o Supports the complete array of core business processes, lowers total cost of ownership by bundling software, e-learning, services, and support for easy c onfiguration, adaptation, and ongoing operation without requiring extensive IT infrastructure and resources. SAP CRM on-demand solution • o Delivers quick time-to-value and enables strategic growth as the only enterprise CRM solutions that offer a flexible deployment model o Helps organizations can transition from on-demand to hybrid and on-premise SAP CRM at any time, avoiding data losses or interruptions to productivity o Includes three specific on-demand solutions targeted for sales, marketing, and service. SAP E-Sourcing on-demand solution • o Delivers easy adoption, rapid cost savings, and a low subscription investment via a hosted delivery model o Comes with all components and supporting services to enable sustainable sourcing success •

Industry-specific solution portfolios

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From local businesses to global industry leaders, SAP has built its success on serving companies of all sizes and industries around the world for more than three decades, developing best practices and delivering software applications that target specific business needs. The result is a depth and breadth of industry expertise and tailored software functionality that is difficult to match. SAP solutions are tailored to industry-specific standards, best practices, and processes to help companies optimize business processes and adapt quickly to changing market demands. Through its industry solutions, SAP addresses the unique core processes of more than 24 distinct industries, as well as numerous subsectors. And with its tailored offerings for small businesses and midsize companies developed by, and delivered through, a global network of more than 2,500 solution resellers and partners, SAP provides "micro-vertical" industry capabilities through a portfolio of 660 S AP Business All-in-One partner solutions and 550 SAP Business One partner solutions. SAP currently offers the following industry solutions (IS): • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

SAP for Banking SAP for Insurance SAP for Defense & Security SAP for Healthcare SAP for Higher Education & Research SAP for Public Sector SAP for Aerospace & Defense SAP for Automotive SAP for Chemicals SAP for Consumer Products SAP for Engineering, Construction & Operations SAP for High Tech SAP for Industrial Machinery & Components SAP for Life Sciences SAP for Mill Products SAP for Mining SAP for Oil & Gas SAP for Travel & Logistics Services SAP for Media SAP for Professional Services SAP for Retail SAP for Telecommunications SAP for Utilities SAP for Wholesale Distribution

SAP NetWeaver As the foundation for service-oriented architecture, the SAP NetWeaver technology platform enables IT departments to compose and orchestrate enterprise services using model-based development, helping organizations evolve their current IT landscape into a strategic environment that drives business change. With these enterprise services, companies can rapidly enhance their existing business processes or develop and deploy new business processes.

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SAP NetWeaver unifies technology components into a single platform, allowing organizations to reduce IT complexity and obtain more business value from their IT investments. It provides the best way to integrate all systems running SAP or non-SAP software. By delivering preconfigured, industry-oriented business content, SAP NetWeaver also solves companies' challenges of integration and reduces the nee d for extensive custom implementations, making enterprise applications simpler to implement, quicker to deploy, less expensive to own and more agile for future business growth and innovation. The Various Modules are: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

Exchange Infrastructure (XI) Business Intelligence (BI) Mobile Infrastructure (MI) Web Application Server (Web As) Enterprise Portal (EP) Master Data Management (MDM)

SAP solutions for small businesses and midsize c ompanies SAP and its channel partners offer flexible, scalable solutions tailored to company size as well as vertical industry demands: SAP Business All-in-One o Covers demands of midsize companies with in-depth industry requirements o Provides streamlined business management and configuration tools for rapid time to value and predictable costs o Is used by approximately 13,450 customers worldwide o Contains more than 660 micro-vertical industry solutions o Is delivered through 1,100 partners in more than 50 countries SAP Business One • o Tailored to the demands of small businesses o Used by approximately 22,600 customers worldwide o Supported by more than 1,200 business partners worldwide o Available in 40 country versions SAP Business ByDesign • o Launched on September 19, 2007, making it the latest addition to the SAP portfolio of distinct solutions for small businesses and midsize companies that complements existing solutions o Designed for fast growing midsize companies o Is the industry's most complete and adaptable on-demand business solution o Supports the complete array of core business processes, lowers total cost of ownership by bundling software, e-learning, services and support for eas y configuration, adaptation and ongoing operation without requiring extensive IT infrastructure and resources. •

SAP Services SAP Services delivers a comprehensive range of offerings to ensure optimum planning, deployment, and operation through every phase of your software life cycle. From expert guidance to complete execution,

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SAP Services combines the expertise, tools, and methodologies that accelerate implementations, transfer knowledge, and continuously improve your business. SAP Services offers service program innovations that address specific business issues. These offerings include the following: SAP BusinessObjects consulting services – Provides consulting to help you optimize your solutions for business intelligence (BI), enterprise performance management (EPM), and governance, risk, and compliance (GRC) Business process outsourcing – Supports business process outsourcing (BPO) providers in setting • up BPO services that generate sustainable business value Consulting services – Offers best-in-class consulting through planning, implementation, and • optimization services Custom development – Incorporates SAP development strategies to deliver solutions that meet • unique business goals Financing for SAP solutions – Provides companies with affordable, all-inclusive, and predictable • financing options that cover the entire cost of your SAP solution Product and service introduction – Provides a standardized process for introducing all SAP products • to the market, helping customers achieve rapid business value SAP Application Management – Provides the 24/7, level-one and level-two support you need to • manage and optimize the performance of your SAP landscapes – in part or i n whole, anytime, anywhere SAP Hosting – Provides a comprehensive range of timely, on-demand hosting services for helping • you integrate business processes, derive maximum value from your SAP solutions, and gain freedom from your IT challenges – so you can realize your business objectives SAP NetWeaver MDM – Offers a comprehensive portfolio of tailored and targeted services for • supporting the master data management (MDM) life cycle at the level of engagement Services for Banking-Industry – Provides guidance in planning, implementing, and rolling out SAP • for Banking, helping you make the right decisions, and deploy the appropriate applications, that best support your overall business strategy Services for SOA – Offers a proven, enterprise-oriented approach for adopting and operating SOA • Software maintenance and support – Provides services for planning, implementation, and • operations Tools, technologies, and methodologies – Deliver the capabilities and knowledge that minimize • total cost of ownership and maximize your return on investment in SAP solutions Upgrade to SAP ERP – Delivers comprehensive upgrade services, tools, and content to support the • smooth implementation of low-risk and cost-effective upgrade projects. •

IMPLEMENTATION PHASES

ASAP METHODOLOGY FOR IMPLEMENTATION The individual phases of the ASAP Implementation Roadmap are: Phase 1: Project Preparation - During this phase the team goes through initial planning and preparation for SAP project. Phase 2: Business Blueprint - The purpose of this phase is to achieve a common understanding of how the company intends to run SAP to support their business.

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Phase 3: Realization - The purpose of this phase is to implement all the business process requirements based on the Business Blueprint. Phase 4: Final Preparation - The purpose of this phase is to complete the final preparation (including testing, end user training, system management, and cutover activities) to finalize your readiness to go live. Phase 5: Go Live and Support - The purpose of this phase is to move from a project-oriented, preproduction environment to live production operation. Phase 6: Run - The primary goal of this phase is to ensure the operability of the solution.

Each phase has a set of deliverables that are produced during the duration of the phase and serve as t he input to follow-up phases. Each deliverable provides list of outputs it consist of and methods that are used to produce the deliverable. Logging into SAP.

Double click on

Button on your desk top.

You will see a pop as below Select the Server you wish to LOG into. Double click on on screen as below.

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Button. You will get the Log

SAP –ABAP

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Client will come by default. No need to change. (you can change it if you want.) Enter User id and password. No need to enter Language as the default language is set as EN (English).

Click on Enter Button. You will see the SAP Easy Access Screen as shown below

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3.ABAP/4 ABAP Programming Language

Advanced

Business Application Programming

ABAP/4 is the programming language used by SAP’s developers to build the transactions that make up the R/3 application. It’s also used by b y corporations to customize the R/3 application. In general, ABAP/4 isn’t used by customers of SAP to develop complex applications from scratch, but is used instead to provide additional business functionality. functionality. For example, it’s not necessary for a customer to write a program in ABAP/4 to manage inventory levels because SAP has already written transactions to accomplish this objective. The two most common uses for ABAP/4 are producing custom reports and developing custom interfaces for SAP. In this context, a report is an ABAP/4 program that reads specific data from SAP’s database and then displays the data via a computer screen or a printed page. An interface, on the other hand, is an ABAP/4 program that moves data into SAP, or reads data from SAP and writes it out to a system file to be transferred to an external computer system, such as a legacy mainframe. Other uses for ABAP/4 include conversion programs that change data into a format usable by SAP, and custom transactions similar to the SAP transactions that make up the R/3 application, but are written by users to fulfill some business function not provided by SAP. This new version of the book book covers programming in ABAP/4 up to the 3.1h release of SAP R/3. How ABAP/4 and Data Interact in SAP Almost all ABAP/4 programs manipulate data from the SAP database to some extent. Data managed by SAP is often broken into two categories: master data and transactional data (called documents in SAP): • Master data is information that usually usually corresponds to physical physical objects, such as materials, vendors, vendors, customers, or plants. • A document is information that usually usually corresponds to an event event such as a purchase order, an invoice, a change in inventory, or a sales order. Documents can be identified in the system by a document number, which can be externally assigned or assigned by SAP, depending on the configuration. c onfiguration. Master data is needed in order to create any document; for example, an invoice can’t be created without a vendor to issue it. A change in inventory, referred to in SAP as a material movement, must refer to a material and a plant. Each SAP module has master data that it manages and documents that are created in the course of normal business operations. For example, the FI module, which manages finances and accounting, manages master data such as general ledger accounts and documents such a s journal entries and check payments. ABAP/4 is a fourth-generation f ourth-generation programming language language with many of the features of other modern programming languages such as the familiar C, Visual Basic, and PowerBuilder. It allows variables and arrays to be defined, de fined, modulation of programs via subroutines and function calls, access to the database via SQL, and some event-oriented programming. Because this book covers all these major topics, you can use the information contained here to learn how to write ABAP/4 programs that t hat meet the most demanding

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business requirements. SAP is an extremely e xtremely complicated system; no one individual can understand all of it. This chapter focuses on ABAP/4 programming but includes background information on the SAP environment, within which all ABAP/4 programs run. Each chapter discusses an area of ABAP/4 programming such as displaying data, accessing the SAP database, and using conditional operators. The chapters build on each other, with examples taken from realworld business problems. Creating your First ABAP Program. Log-on to transaction SE38

You will get into ABAP Editor ,Enter the program Name.

You will see another pop-up as seen below. Click on

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Button

SAP –ABAP

BOOK

You will enter the ABAP Editor screen. There type a line command. WRITE: ‘MY FIRST PROGRAM’.

Save the program :Click on Check Syntax : Cick on

Button (or) type Ctrl + S Button (or ) type Ctrl + F2

Activate : Click on

Button (or) type Ctrl + F3

Execute : Click on

Button (or ) type F8

Below is the Output you get.

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ABAP DICTIONARY Basics of ABAP Dictionary Di ctionary

The ABAP Dictionary permits the central management of all the data definitions used in the R/3 System. In the ABAP Dictionary, you can create user-defined types such as, (1) Data elements, (2) structures, and (3) table types for use in the ABAP programs or in the interfaces of function modules. Database objects such as tables and database views can also be defined in the ABAP Dictionary and created with this definition in the database. The ABAP Dictionary also provides a number of services that support program development. For example, setting and releasing locks, defining an input help (F4 help), and attaching a field help (F1 help) to a screen f ield. • There are several path to accessing the dictionary. Below is a list some of the ways to access the Dictionary. • To access the ABAP Dictionary: – Use the menu path: Tools → ABAP Workbench → Development → ABAP Dictionary • – Use the menu path: • Tools → ABAP Workbench → Overview → Object Navigator • Pull down the Workbench menu and select Other objects… Select the Dictionary tab from the pop up screen and enter the appropriate table name in the Database table field. Use transaction code SE11 Three different type categories exist in the ABAP Dictionary: . Data elements: Describe an elementary type by defining the data type, length, and possibly decimal places. . Structures: Consist of components that can have any type. . Table types: Describe the structure of an internal table. Any complex user-defined type can be built from these basic types.

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SAP ABAP BOOK 1

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SAP –ABAP

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ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING Before Getting into the world of SAP, We must Understand the C oncept behind this Great Technology. The Concept on which the SAP R/3 (ECC ) is built is ERP. ERP stands for ENTERPRISE

RESOURCE

PLANNING

ERP : A Software Package which can manage functions functions of multiple departments of an Enterprise is called an ERP. Initially ERP originated as an extension of MRP (material (material requirements planning; later later manufacturing resource planning) and CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing). It was introduced by research and analysis firm Gartner in 1990. ERP systems now attempt to cover all core functions of an enterprise, regardless of the organization's business or charter. These systems can now be found in non-manufacturing businesses, non-profit organizations and governments. To be considered an ERP system, a software package must provide the function of at least two systems. For example, a software package that provides both payroll and accounting functions could technically be considered an ERP software package. Examples of modules in an ERP which formerly would have been stand-alone applications include: (1) Product lifecycle management, Supply chain management (e.g. Purchasing, Manufacturing and Distribution), Warehouse Management, Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Sales Order Processing, Online Sales, Financials, Human Resources, and Decision Support System. The Below figure shows the various Resources of an Enterprise being Handled by the various Departments.

















































ABAP Material

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