A Year in the Bee Yards Ever wonder how honey is made by the honeybees, what a beekeeper actually does - Here is a month by month pictorial of how we do it at Honeyflow Farm
Spring - Late winter feeding, installing breeder queens, raising new queens and making spring splits. We also have a pictorial showing how we install package bees in the spring - click here.
This is what a beehive looks like over o ver winter and into spring. The honeybees live in the two
bottom "supers", which sit on a "bottom board", above them is an "inner cover". Above the inner cover I usually keep an extra e xtra super (which sort of acts as an attic) and then a "top cover"
In late winter (january/february) I check the colonies to see if they have enough honey left in them for the honeybees to live on until
spring. Feeding them dry sugar is an emergency emergenc y measure to keep the bees from starving. In this picture I have removed 3 frames from the extra super that I left above the inner cover cove r and pouews in about 5 lbs of dry sugar. This sugars is consumed or removed before the main honeyflow where the honey that we harvest is produced. The sugar just keeps the bees alive and never gets into the honey! hone y!
In late april we received 2 mite resistant queens that we will use as queen breeders.
(click here for info on these mite resistant bees) This picture shows the shipping cages that they come in. These were artificially inseminated queens from a queen breeder in California (cost $75 each). There is one queen in each box with about 6 more attendant bees to accompany and feed her.
These queens will be installed into 2 different colonies. It has to be done very carefully since
sometimes the bees may not "accept" her and will kill her. I find and remove the old queen and put the new one in this "push in cage" - made of wire mesh screen. Click on picture for a closeup of this cage. The queen is near the top (inside the small
click on picture for close-up
cage) in this picture. The brown area contains con tains cells of brood. This brood will hatch out in a few days and the bees will groom and feed the new queen. After 3-4 days the bees will get used to her and I will remove the cage.
This frame is inserted into the hive so the bees
can get used to the new queens pheremones (smell)
The plastic box in the picture is call a "Jenter" cage. It is used for raising new queens.
The queen mother is put into the cage (through the round hole) and left there for a day and she will lay eggs. 4 days later the young larvae from these eggs will be transfered to another hive for queen raising. (click here for a good article a rticle on raising queens - from Glenn Apiaries in California)
Young larvae are moved from the cells in the jenter cage into the yellow queen cell cup holders. The
frame shown above can hold up to about 30 cells and it is then put into a strong queenless colon y. This frame only had 10 good queen cells made. This is a very poor yield caused by this years cold wet weather during our queen raising period. (I removed the rest of the cells that the bees did not build)
The cell on the left was not made into a queen cell. The peanut shaped cell on the right contains
a future SMR mite resistant queen. 2 weeks later: I went back to check and take the cells from the above left picture and a queen cell that I missed must have hatched out & the queen killed every cell on this frame! Oh Well - Such is Nature and the Perils of Queen Raising!
This time of the year (mid may) is the best time in our area for making splits and checking hives. It
usually is nice weather, fruit trees are in bloom and the bees are busy in the trees and on the dandelions dandelion s and IT SMELLS WONDERFULL. Can you picture the nectar from this orchard in bloom in your jar of honey? This is where honey comes from!
Our spring colony check is a very important part of the bee year. Weak colonies are made stronger by
taking frames of brood from strong colonies & given to the weak ones. This also helps to prevent swarming which is sometimes caused by colonies being too bi g and crowded. Splits are new colonies colonie s made by taking 3 - 4 frames of brood, bees and a queen cell. We use splits to replace colonies lost over the winter and sometimes to re-queen weaker colonies. The above picture on the left is a colony taken apart and if you look close I have added a yellow queen
cell to it. The picture on the right is a typical bee yard of mine, with my old white truck backed into the yard. My smoker is lit and I am ready read y to inspect my hives for this spring. Most bee yards are in a very peacefull setting like this. This was in a wooded area on the side of a very large orchard in Romeo, Michigan.
This hive body has a division board in it and I have
Here is a typical new colony or split. You can
made 2 nucs (small colonies). The yellow queen cells are laying on the top, I will soon carefully position them so they hang vertical. A cover cov er will go on the top and I will check them in 2 - 3 weeks. I like to leave on box like this in every beeyard in case I see a queenless hive on my next inspection in June.
see the yellow queen cell and the white stuff on the right is a grease patty with wintergreen oil in it. It is one of the treatments we use to help keep varroa mites in check.
June Supering - Adding extracting and comb honey supers!
In June we start putting supers on the bees so they have room roo m to fill them with honey. The second round will be done in early July. This month we checked each hive to see if our new "splits" were sucessfull by checking for the presence of a queen (looking for eggs). Most colonies need 1 - 2 hon ey supers at this time. The above left picture shows show s 2 hives with regular extracting supers on them. These supers
are used for many years and the comb is re-used. (The supers marked "drone" are filled with drone comb that I separate and use for honey producting only. onl y. This is a mite control technique.)
The above right picture are comb honey supers ready to go on a colony. These combs
are very fragile and will produce the comb honey that you spread on your toast. The picture to your left shows two comb honey supers on a strong colony that is cooling itself by partially clustring outside their front door. We also pick one bee yard to use for comb honey. To produce comb honey you need very
strong colonies. I remove any extra regular extracting supers from the colony, put a queen q ueen excluder (a special frame that the worker bees can pass through but the queen cannot) and then 1 -2 comb honey supers. Comb honey supers are slightly different as the foundation (sheet of was that is used to start the frame) is much thinner since it is used only one time and then it is cut out for us to eat.
July Supering - Starting to take off comb honey!
We start to take off comb honey in july and
usually continue every two weeks until Mid September. By now the honeybees have stretched and added beeswax to the combs we have inserted and have filled them with honey. Each hive is checked, new supers are added and full ones are taken off. The honey supers are pried up and laid on their side on top of an outer cover. The honeybees are "blown" out of the comb honey super with a gas operated blower.
The comb honey supers are brought to our extracting room for processing. They are cut into 4 inch squares, drained, wrapped in plastic wrap and put into plastic p lastic boxes. Each frame can
produce 4 sections, and there are 10 frames in each super. Comb honey is really unique, there is absolutely no heat involved in the packaging. This is truly "Nature's Candy."
Click here if you wish to purchase comb honey on line.
Star Thistle (above two pictures) and Sweet Clover (below pictures) are some of the main
summer honey crops in our area. They bloom all summer long. Golden Rod Ro d (pictures below) is one of the main Fall honey crops. The honeybees bring this sweet nectar back to the hives and concentrate it into honey.
Putting honey supers on in July involves a lot of carrying boxes around. Adding the supers
will give the honeybees a lot of room for them to store honey in. This is the last supering that I do before we start to harvest the honey in Mid August. The colonies can become quite tall at this time of the year, sometimes I need an extra box or two to stand on to reach the top. Occasionally they can become unstable u nstable and when I return in the fall I find some that the wind has blown over. Sometimes there is 200 to 300 lbs. of surplus honey on some of these large colonies. They are not always alwa ys that strong, if I can average 100 lbs per colony I figure I am having a good year. Here is a picture of my new trailer, It really works great for hauling large amounts of honey
supers to the bee yards. (Since I don't have new baby pictures, I thought I would show you my new trailer pictures)
When the goldenrod start to bloom bloo m in September signals that the harvest will start soon. Golden rod will bloom all the way until
we get a heavy frost in October and is a very good honey crop. It makes a strong flavored honey. Sometimes the smell of the nectar is VERY noticeable when walking in front of the colonies.
The tall colonies in the picture on the left a ready to harvest. This picture shows one
colony ready to tip over from the heavy weight. The honey is taken off from the top. The
cover is removed and a "different cover" with a "bee repellant" is put on top for a few minutes. Most of the bees will go down do wn below. The supers are removed, set on their sides on the ground, and the remaining bees are "blown" off with the "bee blower." (shown above) This is very similar to how we remove comb honey.
The honey supers are then loaded into my favorite red trailer an hauled back to my extracting barn. Each frame is then removed
and run through an "uncapper." This cuts the side of the cells off the heavy frame of honey so it can be removed.
These pictures show a frame being un-capped. The areas of the frame that the uncapping knife misses are don by using a hand tool.
The frames are then loaded into the extractor. The extractor can hold 33 - 9.5 inch frames or
66 - 6.5 inch frames. The extractor is a centrufuge and will spin the frames at three different speed for about 30 to 40 minutes.
Here is a frame after the honey has been extracted. It will be put back into a super and
put into storage to be re-used next year. They are very valuable.
After the honey is spun out of the frames it goes into a settling tank where much or the wax "floats" out. It is then pumped into this
1000 lb tank. This is were we fill barrels and pails from.
Click here if you wish to purchase honey on line.
The finished product! Pails, glass jars or plastic honeybears are available at our roadside market in September and are always available from our e-commerce honey and candle shop. Click here if you wish to visit our e-commerce store.
The final thing that we do to the honeybee hives in very late fall is to wrap them with some insulation to help them survive the
winter. When we took the honey hone y off last fall we left a 16 x 20 inch piece of 1/2 inch insulation on top of the bees, below the outer cover. Now I finally get around to finish the job of applying a special black b lack plastic insulating wrap around each colony in about 1/2 of our bee yards. This gives the bees just a little more protection in case we have a really cold winter.
The picture on the left shows the beehive with the top and inner cover off. You can see the
very top of the winter cluster. (The white stuff is a wintergreen/grease/sugar mixture used to reduce varroa mites) Picture the winter cluster as a round ball with just the top of it showing. The picture at the right is a close up of the same bees. Many people ask me if the honeybees "hibernate" in the winter. THE DO NOT! The bees
will create a "cluster" inside the hive and keep warm with their body heat by consuming honey. The air on the outside of the cluster may be very cold but in the center it may be 80 degrees. Wrapping our colonies is usually the last thing that I do to the bees this season. At this point the honeybees are healthy and warm, our crop is harvested, stored in barrels in the barn, and our family is busy with the Christmas Season and preparing for an exciting new year!
We also have a pictorial showing how we install package bees in the spring - click here!
