IGXJBJ@A FCOWAXC
Ibz a qug tu qugrgs mâ `g sgr tu`a `b Fgc. Fgc. G tu `gvgrâ tg gjbearbr `gstb saehrb. Dae gfb dapufb irgjgtcdbegjtg ge sgus sajmas ô Drcbjïb qug auvg as Hgrras `b Gsdurc`äa, as Eureürcas `bs ^raiuj`gzbs. Tg tg p÷g b sajmbr, fâ gu gstau b tg oucbr. Gjgroczb gstb saehrb `g pa`gr g dae gfb, eg bhrbïb, eg `gsglg. B Tbdgr`atcsb `b Fub `gvg trgcjbr as sgus sgjtc`as. Rug gfb eg vgjgrg. Rug gfb eg b`arg. Rug gfb sg gjtrgoug b ece, pacs Gu Tau `gfb. Bs bãrgbs `gvge sgr dajsborb`bs b Csmtbr ja Jartg. Rug gfbs sglbe gehghc`bs `g braeâtcdbs suhstèjdcbs. Rug gfbs sglbe sbturb`bs par irborèjdcbs `bs gstrgfbs g `as pfbjgtbs. Bs tgrrgstrgs `gvge sgr dajsborb`bs b Bsmtbratm ja Fgstg. Rug gfbs sglbe b`arjb`bs g bdbrcdcb`bs. Rug gfbs rgdghbe a taqug `b Tgrpgjtg. Rug gfbs sg gxdctge `gsbvgroajmb`bs pgrbjtg a Tbdgr`atg `g Bpgp. Bs bquâtcdbs `gvge sgr dajsborb`bs b Csb ja Agstg. Ybc Igctcdgcrb Ygregfmb `a Ygjgja `a Gsdarpcäa< Eartg. Eartg. Eartg. Tgjmarb `a Tuda `b Fub. Iajtg Gsdurb `as fcdargs g `bs gssìjdcbs eâocdbs. Ifargsdìjdcb ã sgu jaeg, ifucr ã sub btcvc`b`g ja ifuxa g rgifuxa `bs darrgjtgs `a dãu, `b tgrrb g `a ebr. Pgdg. Bdarrgjtb. Egjtg. Bs åojgbs `gvge sgr dajsborb`bs b Hbhbfaj ja Tuf. ^rastctutb ãs tu. Tgjmarb `b Padmb. Tgjmarb `a Iaoa. Ycsäa. Ycsäa. Ycsäa. A Ìxtbsg `b Gstrgfb `g Tbjoug. A Fcvra `as Igctcïas
FCYXA @AT IGCPCÏAT ã ue arâdufa `b zajb ebfvb rgdghc`a btrbvãs `bs sbdgr`atcsbs `b Falb Tmbctbj-Bcwbz sah dcrdujstèjdcbs eucta pgdufcbrgs. Bfoujs `gtbfmgs sahrg b rgdgpïäa g b trbjsecssäa `g A FCYXA @AT IGCPCÏAT iarbe rgfbtb`as jbs DXÐJCDBT @A DWFPA @G FBE. Jôs gstbeas jas gsiarïbj`a ge `br ueb gstruturb dagsb ba F CYXA @AT IGCPCÏAT pbrb puhfcdbïäa iuturb g gssb arobjczbïäa tge rgvgfb`a cjscomts praiuj`as cjscomts praiuj`as
A
sahrg b darrgjtg eâocdb qug gfg dajvadb g trbjsectg. 2 Jgssg dbecjma, saegjtg boarb bfouebs `bs pgroujtbs ebcs iuj`begjtbcs sahrg as trbhbfmas gspcrctubcs `b Falb Tmbctbj-Bcwbz gstäa gstäa sgj`a rgspaj`c`bs. A FCYXA @AT IGCPCÏAT iac cojarb`a par euctas bjas. Cssa pgfb gvc`gjtg `cicduf`b`g qug sgrcb arobjczâ-fa< gfg ã fctgrbfegjtg ueb dafgïäa `g arâdufas au daepìj`ca `b @gusb Mãdbtg qug sg bprgsgjtb sah bfdujmb `g Hruxb `b Fub. Fub. Jas arâdufas, gssg tåtufa arb sg rgigrg b prôprcb @gusb, arb sg rgigrg b Tbdgr`atcsb Aicdcbjtg, tbehãe dmbeb`b `g Tbdgr`atcsb `b Fub au Fub au Arâdufa `b @gusb. @gusb. A FCYXA @AT IGCPCÏAT dajvadb g trbjsectg b darrgjtg fujbr `g Mãdbtg btrbvãs `b igctcïbrcb sgxubf, sbjoug egjstrubf, vbepcrcsea tciajcbja g fcdbjtrapcb btâvcdb ge trìs dbpåtufas, bs Prìs Ibdgs `g Mãdbtg qug Mãdbtg qug trbtbe `g pscdurocb, ebocb g tgurocb.8 We `as gpåtgtas `g Mãdbtg ã b @gusb Pråpfcdg. Pråpfcdg. Jb hruxbrcb, a eìs ã `cvc`c`a ge trìs ibsgs trìs ibsgs au bspgdtas< bspgdtas< drgsdcegjta, pfgjctu`g g `gdfåjca `g ueb våvc`b prgsgjïb `cvcjb ja dãu jaturja, b Fub. @gssb ebjgcrb, b @gusb Pråpfcdg jb`b ebcs ã `a qug b prôprcb Fub ge sgu dursa egjsbf.4 @gs`g ãpadbs cegearcbcs, Mãdbtg sgeprg gstgvg bssadcb`b b Fub Javb au Jgorb, ja gjtbjta, sub prgsgjïb sgeprg iac pgrdghc`b g majrb`b ge qubfqugr ibsg `b Fub. B Fub jäa tge fuz prôprcb. Prbtb-sg `g ue bstra gsdura ja ebr bhcssbf `a gspbïa. Jôs pa`geas jatâ-fb btrbvãs `b fuz `as rbcas `a Taf. ^artbjta, b vgr`b`gcrb jbturgzb `b jbturgzb `b Fub ã jgorb, jgorb, gsdurb. gsdurb. A Dufta `g Mãdbtg ã a Dufta `b Fub Jgorb g Jgorb g jb rgdgssäa tciajcbjb `b darrgjtg tmgfìecdb, 0 gstâ ge bdar`a åjtcea dae a darbïäa `g F CHGX BF YGF FGOCT, A FCYXA @B FGC @G EBBP, qug dajvadb ueb darrgjtg fujbr `g cjcdcbïäa. A Dufta `g Mãdbtg gstâ Mãdbtg gstâ b`gqub`a b cjcdcbïäa `bs eufmgrgs g trbtb-sg `g ueb cegrsäa praiuj`b jas rgdgssas gsqugdc`as — au jgob`as — `b gsdurc`äa. Ã ue rgsobtg `a Dufta ^rcear`cbf `g Tgt-Pciaj jbs rgdgss÷gs tbr`cbs `b ectafaocb orgda-goåpdcb jb Jühcb, Tbeatrâdcb, Bgocjb g Broas. Ja Gocta, Mãdbtg grb Mgkt (Mgkgt, Mgkbt, Mgquct). A tgrea goåpdca mgk ã btrchuå`a b sâhcbs bjdcäs, durbj`gcrbs g ebtrcbrdbs, pacs gfbs grbe b Iajtg `a Mgkbs. Mgkbs. Mgkbs ã Mgkbs ã a jaeg `b`a b suhstèjdcb eâocdb — qug Fãvc dmbeau `g Fuz Bstrbf g g Borcppb `g Bjceb `g Bjceb Euj`c — par trâs `b ^bfbvrb. Tgu tatge ã a sbpa g euctbs vgzgs gfb ã rgtrbtb`b daea ueb `gusb-dae-dbhgïb-`g-sbpa. B jbturgzb bjiåhcb `a sbpa g sgu pa`gr `g egtbeariasg a dafadbe ge bfoue fuobr gjtrg gjtrg 2 Gstgs
cjscomts sgräa cjscomts sgräa puhfcdb`as ge ue vafueg dmbeb`a G TPÂ PW@A JA AYA< AXÂDWFAT @B \AJB EBFYB. Prbtb-sg `g ueb dafgïäa `g gjsbcas qbhbfåstcdas g drðjcdbs tciajcbjbs bdgrdb `as arâdufas `b zajb ebfvb `g ebcar gjvgrob`urb gspcrctubf bpôs a b`vgjta `a Bgaj `g Môrus. 8 Bs trìs ibdgs `g Mãdbtg< Fub Drgsdgjtg (Brtgecs, b vcroge), vcroge), btrchuå`b b prcebvgrb; Fub Dmgcb (Tgfgjg, b eufmgr sbtcsigctb), sbtcsigctb), btrchuå`b ba vgräa g Fub Ecjoubjtg au Gsdurb (Mãdbtg, b bjdcä), bjdcä), btrchuå`b ba cjvgrja. Gssgs säa as dcdfas `g Jbsdcegjta, Yc`b g Eartg. A FCYXA @AT IGCPCÏAT cjdfuc cjstruï÷gs pbrb apgrbïäa fujbrgs jbs ârgbs `b ebocb, pscdurocb g tgurocb. Ã cjtgrgssbjtg jatbr qug b Ar`a Pgepfc Arcgjtcs Arcgjtcs (A.P.A.) dgfghrb tbehãe as ecstãrcas `a Jbsdcegjta, Yc`b g Eartg par egca `g sgus Xctubcs `g Cjcdcbïäa, ja gjtbjta, btrbvãs `b Darrgjtg Tafbr, jäa b Darrgjtg Fujbr. ^ar gssg eatcva, trbtb-sg `g ueb arobjczbïäa gspcrctubf b`gqub`b b dgfghrbïäa `as duftas iâfcdas, ebsdufcjas. B cjcdcbïäa jb A.P.A. jäa ã, `gssb ebjgcrb, b`gqub`b bs eufmgrgs. Gu vgjma trbtbj`a gjibtcdbegjtg `gstg tgeb ge egu fcvra XCPWBCT, @ADWEGJPAT & B EBOCB TG]WBF @B A.P.A. 4 Gssbs trìs ibsgs pa`ge tbehãe sgr dmbeb`bs, daea igcta vârcbs vgzgs par Kgjjgtm Orbjt, daea bs `ubs ibsgs hrcfmbjtg (drgsdcegjta) g gsdurb (`gdfåjca) `b Fub. 0 B rgdgssäa r gdgssäa tciajcbjb `b Icfasaicb `g Pmgfgeb pa`g sgr dmbeb`b tbehãe `g Darrgjtg Pmgrcðjcdb. Pmgrcðjcdb.
as euj`as tgrrgstrg g bjiåhca. Prbtb-sg `g ueb drcbturb qug vcvg gjtrg euj`as. euj`as. G ã cjtgrgssbjtg ahsgrvbr b jbturgzb `b rgpra`uïäa `a sbpa. As avas `g sbpa rgdghge bdceb a bfcegjta `a Br g a dbfar `b fuz `a Taf. Ba egsea tgepa, säa jutrc`as pgfb fbeb g pgfa fcea bhbcxa. Ge db`b ue `gssgs avas, sctub`a gjtrg euj`as, euj`as, a oãregj `b vc`b boubr`b sub egtbeariasg sgr dafadb`b ge eavcegjta, qubj`a a ocrcja sg trbjsiareb ge ueb drcbturb bjiåhcb. A `gsgjvafvcegjta `gssb c`gcb fgvau Mãdbtg b sgr dajsc`grb`b b @gusb `a Fcecbr , pacs gfb sg gjdajtrb gjtrg euj`as, euj`as, as gstb`as `g vcoåfcb g sajma. G daea tbf, gfb tbehãe sg tarjau b Oubr`cä `a ^artbf .7 Tgj`a gstg ue pa`gr prcear`cbfegjtg igecjcja g fujbr, b eufmgr rgprgsgjtbvb a tatge pgrigcta g ebcs b`gqub`a b sg tarjbr ue vgådufa (bvĂtbr ) `g pa`gr `b @gusb Jgorb. Btrbvãs `a ifuxa egjstrubf, b eufmgr sg tarjau b Iajtg `g Mãdbtg Mãdbtg g gssb ã sub ebcar dajgxäa dae b Prb`cïäa ^rcear`cbf `g Ecstãrcas, `a qubf a Dufta `g Tgt-Pciaj ã ue rgfcdârca ogjuåja. B rgdgpïäa `as trìs dbpåtufas `g A FCYXA @AT IGCPCÏAT `urau ebcs `g trìs bjas, pacs mauvgrbe arâdufas rgdghc`as bpôs a gjdgrrbegjta `bs apgrbï÷gs eâocdbs qug `grbe cjådca ba cjifuxa `g gjgrocb qug bfcegjtau b trbjsecssäa. Gstgs arâdufas iarbe bjatb`as ge hfadas `g jatbs, iafmbs saftbs `g pbpgf, scocfas `g sbjoug fujbr par ta`a ue rahg hrbjda, sajmas, pagscbs g såehafas eâocdas. Arobjczbr tu`a cssa tge sc`a ueb tbrgib `ciådcf, ebs rgvgfb`arb. A FCYXA @AT IGCPCÏAT ã ueb larjb`b ja suheuj`a. Jas tgreas `b dufturb tèjtrcdb, ã b `bjïb `b kuṏḅbfcjī jbs praiuj`gzbs `a eūfĂ`mĂrb-dbkrb, -dbkrb, qubj`a b Tgrpgjtg `g Iaoa daspg rbca g cfuecjb a Begjtb. A F CYXA @AT IGCPCÏAT trbtb, partbjta, `a fb`a saehrca g adufta `b hruxbrcb qug rgvgfb — au oucb — btrbvãs `b gsdurc`äa a gspfgj`ar `a Xbca `g Tgt (Tatmcs au Tårcus) qug cfuecjb bs trgvbs. Jas rgdgssas tbr`cas `b ectafaocb, b fuz aiusdbjtg g rgfuzgjtg `b @gusb ^maspmaras, b @gusb Mãdbtg daea b `gtgjtarb `b tadmb qug cfuecjb as tüjgcs jbs praiuj`gzbs `b tgrrb. Ã cjtgrgssbjtg jatbr qug Mãdbtg sgeprg bpbrgdg dae ue `as sgus prcjdcpbcs tatgjs, a Däa-Jgora, b gstrgfb Tatmcs jb dajstgfbïäa `b Wrsb Ebcar. Gssb grb b gstrgfb ebcs hrcfmbjtg `a dãu jaturja, qug cfuecjbvb as dbecjmas g oucbvb as vcblbjtgs. Pa`a a scehafcsea tciajcbja `as ecstãrcas pa`g sgr bdgssb`a btrbvãs `b ectafaocb g `a Dufta `g Mãdbtg. Mãdbtg. A FCYXA @AT IGCPCÏAT ã ue ebjubf `g igctcïbrcb tĂjtrckb dbjbfczb`a btrbvãs g trbjsectg b Ojasg Aic`cbjb. Ge sgus arâdufas, b @gusb Mãdbtg gxartb b Tbdgr`atcsb `b Fub, Fub, b Eufmgr Gsdbrfbtg qug bssueg a Aiådca `g Hbhbfaj, b trgcjbr as sgus sgjtc`as, jb cjtgjïäa `g rgicjâ-fas g, ge dajsgquìjdcb, 7 Jb
ectafaocb pgssabf `g Kgjjgtm Orbjt, Dmarajzaj, a Oubr`cäa `a ^artbf `a Bhcsea, ã igecjcja. Jas rctubcs `b Falb Tmbctbj-Bcwbz , bs sbdgr`atcsbs aicdcbjtgs dueprcbe b iujïäa `g Oubr`cäs `a ^artbf `g @bbtm, bpôs gjgroczbrge b zajb `g pa`gr Sgsa`, a qug tarjbvb passåvgf qug gfbs bssuecssge b iareb `cvcjb `g Mãdbtg g sg tarjbssge a ^artbf au b Igj`b gjtrg Euj`as. Ã cjtgrgssbjtg jatbr qug Mãdbtg sgeprg gstâ bdaepbjmb`b `a Däa qug Oubr`b a ^artbf `a Bhcsea, Dãrhgra, dulb Prb`cïäa Aduftb rgfbdcajb b Tatmcs. Gssb iujïäa iac `b`b b Bjühcs, a `gus-dae-dghgïb-`g-däa. `gus-dae-dghgïb-`g-däa. Gfg ã a Oubr`cäa `a Fcecbr gjtrg euj`as g euj`as g daea tbf bpbrgdg ja Btu ]YCCC, B ]YCCC, B Fub, Fub, ja Pbrat `g Pmatm.
b`arâ-fb. B sub darrgtb vgjgrbïäa, vgjgrbïäa, ja gjtbjta, fgvb b tatbf cjdarparbïäa — au gepa`grbegjta — `b @gusb, qug `cz< pacs `cz< pacs Gu Tau `gfb. `gfb. Rubj`a b Tbdgr`atcsb `b Fub bssueg Fub bssueg a Aiådca `g Hbhbaj, gfb g b @gusb säa Web sô. Csta gstâ ge daepfgta bdar`a dae bs cjstruï÷gs `g A FCYXA @B FGC< Dajtgjmb! Dajtgjmb! Dajsgrvg a èjcea daepfgtbegjtg ge tgu brrghbtbegjta; jäa dg`b î vgrtcoge `as hgclas gecjgjtgs! Icreg! Fgvbjtg b tc egsea! Grob tub dbhgïb! Jäa rgspcrg täa praiuj`begjtg - earrb! earrb!9 Gssb pbssboge `g A FCYXA @B FGC dajtãe b iôreufb tmgfìecdb `g ebocb sgxubf qug gxpfcqugc dae `gtbfmgs ge egu tgxta A Gjtuscbsea Gjgroczb`a `g Bfgcstgr Drawfgy .? Ge sgouc`b Mãdbtg, b @gusb Jgorb, cjstruc ge A FCYXA @AT IGCPCÏAT as eãta`as pgfas qubcs b Tbdgr`atcsb `b Fub Fub `gvg sgr trgcjb`b. B gorãoarb fujbr `a Dafgocb`a `b Fuz Mgreãtcdb Mgreãtcdb apgrb dae qubtra `gusbs gfgegjtbcs jas qub`rbjtgs `a gspbïa. Gssbs qubtra `gusbs gfgegjtbcs säa gxprgss÷gs `b Orbj`g @gusb ^rcear`cbf< Csmtbr ja qub`rbjtg Jartg, oubr`cä `a Gfgegjta Br. Bsmtbratm ja qub`rbjtg Fgstg, oubr`cä `a Gfgegjta Pgrrb. Hbhbfaj ja qub`rbjtg Tuf, oubr`cä `a Gfgegjta Iaoa. Csb (Åscs) ja qub`rbjtg Agstg, oubr`cä `a Gfgegjta Âoub. B Tbdgr`atcsb `b Fub `gvg Fub `gvg `gsdahrcr b sub qubfc`b`g gfgegjtbf ebcs `gstbdb`b, utcfczbj`a-b daea ue partbf `g bdgssa jäa sô ba qub`rbjtg `a gspbïa, ebs ba prôprca Darpa Jgora `b @gusb. Cssa ã igcta btrbvãs `b dbrtb jbtbf. Bs eufmgrgs jbsdc`bs ge scojas bãrgas (Fchrb, Bquârca au Oìegas) `gvge sgr dajsborb`bs b @gusb Csmtbr. Gfbs bstrbfcsbe dae ebcs ibdcfc`b`g qubj`a sbturb`bs dae irborèjdcbs (ôfga, pgriueg au cjdgjsa). As sgjtc`as säa partbcs btrbvãs `as qubcs ã passåvgf bdgssbr as dbkrbs dbkrbs g dafadbr ge eavcegjta b Tgrpgjtg `g Iaoa. Cssa adarrg par egca `b śbktc `as sgjtc`as. Eufmgrgs jbsdc`bs ge scojas bãrgas säa ebcs sgjsåvgcs dae a afibta. Btrbvãs `bs irborèjdcbs bpraprcb`bs pbrb a rctubf, sglbe gfbs za`cbdbcs, pfbjgtârcbs au gfgegjtbcs, bs Tbdgr`atcsbs `b Fub Fub dajsborb`bs b Csmtbr sgjschcfczbe a -dbkrb, dula Gfgegjta ã a Br, a eìjstrua `g vchrbïäa qug ebjcigstb vcśu``mc-dbkrb, a sae. Gstg dbkrb ã dbkrb ã btrchuå`b b iujïäa `g daeujcdbïäa, jäa saegjtg a bta sgdufbr `g ibfbr g sbhgr gsdutbr, ebs sg daeujcdbr g cjtgrbocr dae bs drcbturbs gspcrctubcs `g autras pfbjas gxcstgjdcbcs. @gssb ebjgcrb, as 9
FCHGX BF, CC< 9?-=. B dcirb jueãrcdb `a prcegcra vgrsa suogrg 89?. Gssg ã a jüegra `b pbfbvrb DmXPEC, qug scojcicdb ebocstb ja ebocstb ja Oìjgscs (02<=)< G bdajtgdgu qug pgfb ebjmä a sgu gspårcta pgrturhau-sg, g gjvcau g dmbeau ta`as as ebocstbs `a Gocta, g ta`as as sgus sâhcas. sâhcas. Mb`ct ã a ebocstb, a prcjdåpca au jgtgr qug qug vbc ja vbc ja èeboa `g ta`as as sbdgr`atgs qug sbdgr`atgs qug drgpctbe dae b Tgrpgjtg ge sub irajtg. 89? tbehãe ã a jüegra `g BXCJW, b Iajtg Dgfgstcbf `a Fgctg Gstgfbr dctb`b par Favgdrbit ge A DBAT XBTPGLBJPG. Bfãe `bs Iajtgs `g BXCJW rgsc`g a ice `a tgepa g `a gspbïa (Pgfaë g Dytmbrcaj). B @gusb Juct (Pciaj) tcpcicdb b jäa-gxcstìjdcb bfãe `a tgepa g gspbïa. Gfb iac c`gjtcicdb`b daea b prôprcb Ycb Fâdtgb dulb gxtgjsäa jb tgrrb grb a Xca Jcfa, qug `bvb vc`b b tgrrb sgdb `a Gocta. A jüegra `gstg vgrsa, fgvbj`a ge dajsc`grbïäa ta`as as dbpåtufas, ã 244, a jüegra `g O^J, qug scojcicdb vcjma — b Iajtg `b Yc`b — ja sgjtc`a eåstcda `g brrghbtbegjta g gpcibjcb gspcrctubf B dcirb jueãrcdb `a sgouj`a vgrsa suogrg 89=. Gssg ã a jüegra `b pbfbvrb CXDmE, qug trb`uz-sg daea fujbïäa, fujbïäa, pgråa`a `a eìs, eìs, `åocta `b Fub, Fub, ueb rgigrìjdcb ba ifuxa egjstrubf egjsbf. A jüegra `gstg vgrsa, fgvbj`a ge dajsc`grbïäa ta`as as dbpåtufas, ã 240, PzE@, ujcäa, ujcäa, dajgxäa, dajgxäa, lujïäa g lujïäa g dôpufb au dôpufb au dbsbf . Web bfusäa ba dbsbegjta bfquåecda qug adarrg jb gxpgrcìjdcb `b ojasg (gpcibjcb au brrghbtbegjta gspcrctubf). ? Yglb XCPWBCT, @ADWEGJPAT & B EBOCB TG]WBF @B A.P.A. (Yaf. C).
arâdufas dbjbfczb`as au rgdghc`as par Tbdgr`atcsbs `b Fub Fub dajsborb`bs b Csmtbr säa `g jbturgzb sajarb< ebjtrbs au ebjtrbs au pbfbvrbs `g pa`gr g egjsbogjs durtbs g `crgtbs. Gfbs gsdutbe gsdutbe dae ebcs ibdcfc`b`g a euj`a gspcrctubf (bstrbf). Bs eufmgrgs jbsdc`bs ge scojas tgrrgstrgs (Dbprcdôrjca, Paura au Ycroge) `gvge sgr dajsborb`bs b @gusb Bsmtbratm. A Gfgegjta Pgrrb gstâ bssadcb`a ba eūfĂ`mĂrb-dbkrb g -dbkrb g a sgjtc`a dajgdtb`a ge A FCYXA @AT IGCPCÏAT ã a tbta. Tbdgr`atcsbs `b Fub Fub dajsborb`bs b Bstbratm `gvge, partbjta, gxpfarbr a taqug g b gxdctbïäa sgxubf daea partbcs `g bdgssa ba Darpa `b @gusb g b dajscstìjdcb gfgegjtbf `a qub`rbjtg. Rug gfbs rgdghbe a taqug `b Tgrpgjtg. Rug gfbs sg gxdctge `gsbvgroajmb`bs pgrbjtg a Tbdgr`atg `g Bpgp. A Bpgp. A eãta`a pgfa qubf A FCYXA @AT IGCPCÏAT iac rgdghc`a au, ebcs bpraprcb`begjtg, a eãta`a qug `gsfbdrau b iassb bhcssbf pbrb qug bs Tbdgr`atcsbs `b Fub rgdghgssge as arâdufas `g A FCYXA @AT IGCPCÏAT, iac b ebocb adgèjcdb `a YCCC¾ A.P.A.= B Tbdgr`atcsb Aicdcbjtg grb sgxubfegjtg gxdctb`b btrbvãs `b fåjoub g `bs eäas pgfa Tbdgr`atg `g Bpgp. Rug gfbs sglbe b`arjb`bs g bdbrcdcb`bs. Gssb pbssboge `a arâdufa gstâ ge mbreajcb dae A FCYXA @B FGC, qug `cz< @gcxg-b sgr rgvgstc`b dae lacbs, g rcdas trblgs, g `gcxg-b sgr `gspu`arb`b pgrbjtg ta`as as maegjs! maegjs!3 Bs Tbdgr`atcsbs `b Fub dajsborb`bs Fub dajsborb`bs b Bsmtbratm sgjschcfczbe a eūfĂ`mĂrb-dbkrb btrbvãs -dbkrb btrbvãs `a taqug, bs dbrådcbs `a Tbdgr`atg
= ^brb ueb tbhufbïäa `a scstgeb `g ebocb sgxubf `grcvb`b `a Tahgrbja Tbjtuârca `b Ojasg, Ojasg, A.P.A., daea prbtcdb`b jb Falb Tmbctbj-Bcwbz , vglb Gstâ P W@A JA AYA< BT DXÐJCDBT @A DWFPA @G FBE. 3 FCHGX BF, CCC<00. A FCYXA @B FGC suebrczb euctbs qubfc`b`gs `b Eufmgr Gsdbrfbtg, dajvadbj`a b egseb darrgjtg fujbr `bs t Ăjtrckbs Kbufb. B dcirb jueãrcdb Ăjtrckbs, cjcdcb`bs jb dufturb tèjtrcdb g pbrtcdcpbjtgs `a Dårdufa Kbufb. `gstg vgrsa suogrg 400. Gstg ã a jüegra `b pbfbvrb orgob ebocka (eâocda au eâocdb) eâocdb ) g suogrg ue bvcsa cepartbjtg. A sgxa sgeprg iac dajsc`grb`a a ebmĂ-eĂyĂ (fct. orbj`g cfusäa) cfusäa) jb dufturb tèjtrcdb. Ja Dårdufa Kbufb, Kbufb, bs `gvatbs pbrtcdcpbjtgs `a dbkrb-pū l Ă säa Tbdgr`atcsbs `as Ecstãrcas. Ge A FCYXA @B FGC, Juct gxartb qug ta`b b`arbïäa, ta`a ìxtbsg `cvcja `gvg sgr ge `crgïäa b Gfb bpgjbs. B Tbdgr`atcsb `b Fub ge Fub ge A FCYXA @AT IGCPCÏAT tbehãe ã cjstruå`b b sg gjtrgobr daepfgtbegjtg b @gusb Jgorb prcear`cbf. Gstg trbhbfma `g gjtrgob ã sbdgr`atbf< b sbdgr`atcsb `gvatb-sg bpgjbs ba Tborb`a Dårdufa `bs Eägs au @gusbs Ebtrcbrdbs (Pciaj, Pcbebt, Juct, @rbda, Cjbjjb, Csmtbr, Hbhbfaj gtd.). Ebockas Ebockas ã ue bvcsa b jäa dg`gr b vafüpcb cfusôrcb `as `gsglas pra`uzc`as pgfa Goa usbj`a daea eufgtb a eufgtb a trbhbfma eâocda-gspcrctubf. B gjtrgob `gvg gjtrgob `gvg sgr vgr`b`gcrb, bfãe `as rgcjas `b Darab `g ^bpgf `a Goa. Ja gjtbjta, 400 tbehãe ã a jüegra `b pbfbvrb orgob a`as, a`as, qug scojcicdb dbecjma au fcecbr . Cssa cj`cdb qug geharb a sgxa sglb a ebmĂ-eĂ y Ă, a dbecjma dbecjma b sgr sgouc`a ã îqugfg `b Darrgjtg Aic`cbjb, qug fgvb a ebocstb ba fcecbr (@bbtm) (@bbtm) `b zajb ebfvb. 4 + 0 + 0 5 22. Gstg ã a jüegra `b ebocb au gjgrocb tgj`gj`a b sg eavgr . Gssbs cepfcdbï÷gs qbhbfåstcdbs rgssbftbe b `cigrgjïb gjtrg ebocb (b iarïb ge eavcegjta pgfa qubf eu`bjïb ã ahtc`b) g eâocdb (cfusäa, eâocdb (cfusäa, gjdgjbïäa `b iarïb ge eavcegjta). 22 tbehãe ã a jüegra `b @gusb Jgorb ^rcear`cbf (Juct), daea `gdfbrb`a ge A FCYXA @B FGC (C<9>)< Egu jüegra ã 22, dajiareg ta`as sgus jüegras qug säa jassas. jassas. 22 ã a ue bfãe `a `gz , qugr `czgr, @bbtm, a ^artbf `b \ajb Ebfvb. Ge A FCYXA @B FGC (CC<29), Mb`ct ibz b sgoucjtg rgvgfbïäa< Gu sau B Cepgrbtrcz & a Mcgraibjtg. @gstb iareb ajzg, dajiareg ecjmb jacvb ã ajzg. ajzg . Jas Xctubcs `b Ar`ge Mgreãtcdb `b Burarb @aurb`b, b Cepgrbtrcx bssuecb bssuecb a Praja `g Oghurbm (7, a pgjtborbeb, pgjtborbeb, ue såehafa `g Juct) g a Mcgraibjtg bssuecb a Praja `g Pcpmgrgtm (9, a mgxborbeb, mgxborbeb, ue såehafa `b ujcäa `as apastas). 7 + 9 5 22. Gstg ã a vgrsa 2=3 `g A FCYXA @B FGC, fgvbj`a ge dajsc`grbïäa as trìs dbpåtufas. Gstg ã a jüegra `g OF JACF, b iajtg sgfb`b au sgfb`b au cjtbdtb `a D BJPBXGT @G TBFAEÄA (0<28), qug `czgr, a Lbr`ce `a Ã`gj, fôdus `g fôdus `g `gfgctgs. Pbehãe ã a jüegra j üegra `b pbfbvrb orgob arogcb, arogcb, pbfbvrb qug `gscojb rctubcs sgdrgtas. sgdrgtas. As rctubcs (7 + 9) `g Mb`ct, b Tgrpgjtg `g Iaoa, säa sgdrgtas, sgdrgtas, pacs gfg ã a dgjtra sgdrgta, egu darbïäa ge A FCYXA @B FGC (CC<9). B pbfbvrb orgob gpbr , qug scojcicdb darbïäa, darbïäa, saeb tbehãe 2=3. 00, a jüegra `gstg vgrsa, ã @E, sbjoug, sbjoug, b fgtrb Ege (Âoub) g b fgtrb @bfgtm (Iaoa). @E ã b rbcz `g B`äa, B`äa, a Maege ^rcear`cbf g `g Ta`aeb, b dc`b`gfb `gstruå`b pgfa `gus `as gsdrbvas jb H ÅHFCB. 00 tbehãe ã a jüegra `g @FC, vbsa `g âoub. âoub. B c`gcb ã qug b Tbdgr`atcsb `b Fub `gvg Fub `gvg sgr ue rgfcdârca `b prgsgjïb `b @gusb Jgorb ^rcear`cbf au Iajtg `g Mãdbtg, Mãdbtg, qug rgdghg bs oatbs `g sgu arvbfma qug `gsdg ( egzfb) egzfb) btrbvãs `g vbsas. vbsas. B ceboge `b Tbdgr`atcsb ja Btu ]YCC, B ]YCC, B Gstrgfb, Gstrgfb, ã pgrigctb bquc.
`g Bpgp, ebs tbehãe btrbvãs `b utcfczbïäa `g lacbs g ogebs ja darpa, qubj`a gfbs cjdarparbe daepfgtbegjtg b `gspu`arb`b @gusb Bsmtbratm. Bs eufmgrgs jbsdc`bs ge scojas bquâtcdas (Dèjdgr, Gsdarpcäa au ^gcxgs) `gvge sgr dajsborb`bs b @gusb Åscs. A Gfgegjta Âoub gstâ bssadcb`a ba sw Ă`mcṤṥĂjb-dbkrb jb-dbkrb g ba sgjtc`a `a pbfb`br. Bs Tbdgr`atcsbs `b Fub dajsborb`bs b Åscs säa hruxbs `bs paï÷gs eâocdbs, daj`gjsb`args ifuå`cdas ifuå`cdas g ujougjtas `g pa`gr, btrbvãs `as qubcs gfb fbjïb sgus igctcïas g tge bdgssa ba Darpa `b @gusb Jgorb. Tub apgrbïäa `g ebocb ã îqugfb `b Igctcdgcrb Ygregfmb (b Ygregfmb (b Fub Jgorb jb Puehb `g Hbhbfaj) dulas ibjtbsebs gfb `â b vc`b btrbvãs `a Tbjoug `b Fub. Gfb gstâ prôxceb `b Dbvgrjb `g Fcfctm au ^bfâdca `b ^gr`cïäa (Ebfkutm). Btrbvãs `g sub ebocb fujbr, b Igctcdgcrb Ygregfmb `â Ygregfmb `â jbsdcegjta b ueb mastg `g gjtc`b`gs vbepcrbs gfgegjtbcs `g suhstèjdcb saehrcb dae bsbs g dbu`b `g sgrpgjtg. Tgus icfmas g bebjtgs. Gfb ã b Kuj`ry Fub Javb, âvc`b par `gstcfbr a Tuda `b Fub, sgu vgjgja, ge sajmb`args cjdbutas. Gssb pcdb`b vgjgjasb, ja gjtbjta, trbz b `cssafuïäa jas hgclas `g Ju< b prgdcpctbïäa iarïb`b ja Bhcsea, pacs sub iujïäa ã `cssafvgr btrbvãs `a Gfgegjta Âoub b Darab `g ^bpgf `a Goa. Jb dufturb tèjtrcdb, a såehafa qug rgprgsgjtb gssb eartg par gjvgjgjbegjta gsdarpcðjcda ã Ŝcvb, earta ja drgebtôrca, dahgrta `g dcjzbs. As eartas säa gspårctas cjvcsåvgcs, `gsbpgrdghc`as. Gfgs bpbobrbe sgus jaegs gjtrg as vcvas g säa, partbjta, Jcjouãe (Jgea (Jgea). ).2> B Igctcdgcrb Ygregfmb ã Ygregfmb ã vgjãicdb, `gstcfbj`a vgjgjas qug darrage bs gjtrbjmbs`a Goa. Bs eufmgrgs jbsdc`bs ge scojas åojgas (Ârcgs, Fgäa au Tboctârca) `gvge sgr dajsborb`bs b @gusb Hbhbfaj. A Gfgegjta Iaoa bssadcb-sg ba ebṏcpūrbdbkrb, dbkrb, b zajb `g pa`gr aj`g adarrg b gxpfasäa aic`cbjb qug dafadb ge eavcegjta b Tgrpgjtg `g Iaoa. Bs Tbdgr`atcsbs `b Fub Fub dajsborb`bs b Hbhbfaj säa gxbftb`bs ge A FCYXA @AT IGCPCÏAT daea Bftbs Tbdgr`atcsbs, pacs b gfbs säa btrchuå`as as arâdufas vcscajârcas. A Gfgegjta Iaoa, geharb rgfbdcajb`a ba ebṏcpūrb-dbkrb, rb-dbkrb, tbehãe gstâ bssadcb`a b Ycsäa Gspcrctubf. Btrbvãs `as eãta`as `a YCCC¾ A.P.A. ã passåvgf ar`gjbr g dajtrafbr as eavcegjtas `b Tgrpgjtg `g Iaoa, cj`uzcj`a vcs÷gs jb Tbdgr`atcsb `b Fub. Fub. Gfb ã a partbf a partbf `bs vcs÷gs g vcs÷gs g ja dursa `b apgrbïäa sg tarjb arbdufbr ba btcjocr a jåvgf swbpjcda swbpjcda gjqubjta pgrebjgdg sgec-`gspgrtb. Tbdgr`atcsbs `b Fub dajsborb`bs b Hbhbfaj, partbjta, rgdghge arâdufas jb iareb `g såehafas eâocdas, scocfas, ybjtrbs scocfas, ybjtrbs,, cebogjs g dcirbs jueãrcdbs. As arâdufas `g A FCYXA @AT IGCPCÏAT säa hbjmb`as ge Âoub & Iaoa (@E, Tuda `b Fub) ja Ìxtbsg `b Gstrgfb `g Tbjoug, Tbjoug, pacs bs `ubs prcjdcpbcs sbdgr`atcsbs qug pbrtcdcpbrbe `bs trbjsecss÷gs grbe `g scojas åojgas g bquâtcdas.
Jgea, Jgea, Jgjmue-Maege. Påtufa `a Egstrg `a Pgepfa qug b`gjtrau b Dc`b`g `bs ^crèec`gs (Hcjbm) g `cssafvgu b dajsdcìjdcb `g sgpbrbtcvc`b`g drcb`b sgpbrbtcvc`b`g drcb`b pgfa Goa g sub ibfsb c`gjtc`b`g. ^artbjta, Jgea ã Jäa-Goa, Jcjouãe. 2>
Gstrgfb `g Tbjoug Tbjoug ã a jaeg `b`a ba pgjtborbeb cjvgrtc`a ja XCPWBF XWHC GTPXGFB. Jb Ojasg Pciajcbjb, qubj`a a pgjtborbeb cjvgrtc`a ã trbïb`a, gstbeas jas `aeåjcas `g @bbtm. Kgjjgtm Orbjt, hbsgbj`a-sg jbs gxpgrcìjdcbs `g Drawfgy jb Bhb`cb `g Pmgfgeb — aj`g jbsdgrbe as rctubcs puhfcdb`as pastgrcaregjtg pastgrcaregjtg ge EBOCB GE PGAXCB & ^XÂPCDB — brouegjtb qug a pgjtborbeb cjvgrtc`a `gsfbdrb as ^artbcs `a Bhcsea, bhrcj`a dbecjma pbrb dbecjma pbrb qug b ojasg b ojasg sg sg ebjcigstg, b cjifuìjdcb (egzfb (egzfb)) qug vge `g dceb, Kgtmgr. Jb Ârvarg `b Yc`b `a Dafgocb`a `b Fuz Mgreãtcdb, Mgreãtcdb, Kgtmgr ã btrchuå`b b Bsmgrbm (BTmXM), b @gusb ^rcear`cbf — a Dårdufa — dajsdcìjdcb gspbdcbf jäadajdgctubf g jäa-daj`cdcajb`b. jäa-daj`cdcajb`b.22 Mãdbtg ã b Gstrgfb `g Tbjoug Tbjoug qug sg ebjcigstb daea b Ojasg qug cjtgrraepg daepfgtbegjtg b dajstruïäa au pra`uïäa g ar`gjbïäa `g pgjsbegjtas. We vâdua vâdua sg bhrg g a qug sg gxpgrcegjtb ã a Ybzca qug Ybzca qug gjdgrrb b `ubfc`b`g. Gssg ã a prôprca ^a`gr `b Gstrgfb `g Tgt, a Afma qug Hrcfmb au a Xgfèepboa qug Xgfuz g cfuecjb b gsdurc`äa. Bear ã b fgc, bear sah vajtb`g vajtb`g.. Gstg tgxta säa gxtrbtas `g ueb drðjcdb dmbeb`b A ^gjtborbeb `g Tbjoug, qug sgrâ puhfcdb`a jb åjtgorb ja fcvra GTPÂ PW@A JA AYA< AXÂDWFAT @B \AJB EBFYB. Prbtb-sg `g ueb dafgïäa `g gjsbcas qbhbfåstcdas g drðjcdbs tciajcbjbs bdgrdb `as arâdufas `b zajb ebfvb `g ebcar gjvgrob`urb gspcrctubf bpôs a b`vgjta `a Bgaj `g Môrus. Gstg tgxta sgrâ tbehãe puhfcdb`a jb åjtgorb ja Larjbf Darrgjtg 34 (Yaf. C, Ja. 9).
22 Jb
Bfeb, darrgspaj`g b Sgdmc`bm, Sgdmc`bm, a Mb`ct dajsdcgjtg bpgjbs `g Juct, qug pgrsajcicdb a gspbïa. Mb`ct ã a bogjtg eâocda pgfa qubf Juct ã dbpbz `g bpbrgdgr daea u darpa `g gstrgfbs.
