A Review of Use of Antibiotics

mIcb_uh Enurlgfs dttp5//enurlgfs.micbpuh.kni

8?72

RDC MLRCXLGRMNLGF GXGHMK ENSXLGF NJ GLRMIMKXNHMGF GACLR[

G rcvmcw nj usc nj gltmhmntmks ml bcltmstry bcltm stry glb rckniiclbgtmnls rckniiclbgtmnls jnr rgtmnlgf gltmhmntmk usgac hy bcltmsts*

Znf. 2 Ln. 857 bnm5 7?.;48;/124

Br. G`mfcsd Xgigsgiy

Bcpgrticlt nj Nrgf glb Igxmffnjgkmgf [uracry Anvcrliclt Bcltgf Knffcac & Dnspmtgf, Gurglaghgb, Igdgrgsdtrg, Mlbmg

Knrrcspnlbmla gutdnr5  g`mbcltOaigmf.kni

Ghstrgkt Bcltmsts kniinlfy prcskrmhc gltmhmntmks jnr knltrnffmla glb trcgtmla bcltgf mljcktmnls. Hut tdcrc ms g wmbcsprcgb ghusc nj gltmhmntmks ml icbmkgf glb bcltgf ﬇cfb. Rdc mlgpprnprmgtc usc nj gltmhmntmks rcsufts ml mlkrcgscb trcgticlt knsts, mlkrcgscb rms` nj gbvcrsc cvclts rcfgtcb tn tdc gltmhmntmk uscb glb inst mipnrtgltfy bcvcfnpiclt glb prnpgagtmnl nj gltmimkrnhmgf rcsmstglkc. Rdc bc﬇lmtmvc mlbmkgtmnls jnr usc nj gltmhmntmks ml bcltmstry grc fmimtcb glb spckm﬇k. Rdms rcvmcw bmskusscs tdc vgrmnus prmlkmpfcs glb rgtmnlgfc hcdmlb gltmhmntmk tdcrgpy ml bmjjcr bmjjcr-clt ﬇cfbs nj bcltmstry wmtd strcss nl rgtmnlgf gltmhmntmk usc ml bcltmstry

Mltrnbuktmnl Bcltmstry ms g kniprcdclsmvc spckmgfmty bcvntcb tn rcsnfvmla bcltgf mljcktmnls nr rcstnrmla glb rcdghmfmtgtmla tnntd strukturc fnst tn sukd hgktcrmgf prnkcsscs. Rdc usc nj gltmhmntmks ms gl mltcargf pgrt nj bcltmstry glb prcskrmhmla gltmhmntmks ms g prmvmfcac tdgt iust lnt hc ghuscb. Mrrgtmnlgf usc nj gltmhmntmks wmff fcgb tn gl mlkrcgscb hurbcl nl tdc pgtmclt glb tdc snkmcty hy mlkrcgsmla trcgticlt knsts, gbvcrsc cvclts glb gfsn tdc rms` nj bcvcfnpiclt nj rcsmstglt hgktcrmgf spckmcs. Gltmhmntmk ghusc dgs gfrcgby hccl knlsmbcrcb gs g pglbcimk kniiulmty mssuc hy Qnrfb Dcgftd Nraglmzgtmnl (QDN) P7Y, wdmfst tdc ghusc nj gltmhmntmks hy bcltmsts ms wnrfbwmbc gs sdnwl hy igly rcpnrts P8‛3Y. Rdc nrgf kgvmty ms g knipfcx hmnfnamkgf hmnfn amkgf cknsystci wmtd vcry fgrac luihcr nj nraglmsis fmvmla ml g hmn﬇fi P:Y. Rdc mltcrgktmnl nj tdc nraglmsis grc knipfcx glb tdc kdglac jrni dcgftd tn bmscgsc stgtc ms gssnkm© Slbcr Fmkclsc nj Krcgtmvc Kniinls Kniinls Gttrmhutmnl ;.? Fmkclsc

Rdms grtmkfc ms gvgmfghfc jrni5 www.mgegg.nra

7

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gtcb wmtd g kdglac ml tdc hgfglkc nj tdc cknsystci usugffy jrni tdc rcsmbclt jgkuftgtmvc glgcrnhcs tn nhfmagtc glgcrnhcs jnr inst pufpgf glb pcrmnbnltgf bmscgscs P1Y. Cvcl tdnuad nlfy g jcw nj tdc imkrnnraglmsis kgusc nbnltnaclmk mljcktmnls, ml bmscgsc stgtc, igly ntdcr lnl pgtdnaclmk hgktcrmgf spckmcs knltrmhutc hy igmltgmlmla gl cknsystci jgvnurghfc jnr survmvgf glb arnwtd nj tdc pgtdnaclmk spckmcs. Rdc nlsct nj bmscgsc ms buc tn g sdmjt ml imkrnhmgf ﬈nrg. Slbcrstglbmla tdms cknfnamkgf prmlkmpfc ms mipnrtglt wdmfc trcgtmla nrgf glb bcltgf mljcktmnls. Imkrn-nraglmsis ml g hmn﬇fi grc knlsmstcltfy inrc rcsmstglt tn usugf bnsgac nj gltmhmntmks hy 7???73?? jnfb P4Y. Iglgaciclt nj nbnltnaclmk mljcktmnls mlvnfvcs tdrcc pdgscs0 bmgalnsms, mljcktmnl knltrnf glb rcdghmfmtgtmnl/rcstnrgtmnl. Gltmhmntmks grc uscjuf ml tdc mljcktmnl knltrnf pdgsc. Hgscb nl tdc bgtg knffcktcb glb mltcrprctcb ml tdc bmgalnstmk pdgsc, mljcktmnl knltrnf pdgsc mlvnfvcs rcinvgf nj tdc mljcktmnus jnkm glb rcsnfvmla tdc mljcktmnl. Rdms wmff mlkfubc usc nj gltmhmntmks/gltmscptmk gaclts gs wcff gs suramkgf ictdnbs tn rcsnfvc tdc mljcktmnl. Sltmf rcsnfutmnl nj tdc mljcktmnl, tdc rcspnlsc tn tdc trcgticlt sdnufb hc gsscsscb njtcl. Inst bcltgf pgml ms tdc rcsuft nj mljcktmnl mlbukcb ml﬈giigtnry prnkcss ml g kfnscb knipgrticlt gs ml tdc pufp glb tdc gpmkgf pcrmnbnltgf rcamnl nr ml sclsmtmvc glb dmadfy mllcrvgtcb snjt tmssuc fm`c tdc pcrmnstcui spgkc, amlamvg glb pcrmnbnltmui. Rdc aclcrgf prmlkmpfc nj iglgaciclt nj gff mljcktmnus prnkcsscs ms tdc rcinvgf nj tdc jnkm nj mljcktmnl. Knltrnf nj bcltgf mljcktmnls ms hy ickdglmkgf rcinvgf nj tdc jnkm nj mljcktmnl. Mt kgl hc gkdmcvcb hy rcinvgf nj tdc mljcktcb pufp, skgfmla glb rnnt pfgllmla glb brgmlgac nj tdc pus hy mlkmsmnl wdcl tdc snjt tmssuc spgkcs grc mlvnfvcb. Ssugffy g knihmlgtmnl nj nlc nr inrc nj tdcsc tckdlmqucs grc utmfmscb jnr igxmiui hclc﬇t. Rdms, wdcl suppnrtcb hy gpprnprmgtc usc nj gltm-ml﬈giigtnry gaclts kgl

8

Znf. 2 Ln. 857 bnm5 7?.;48;/124

rcsuft ml prnipt rcfmcj nj pgml gs wcff gs tdc mljcktmnl. Gltmhmntmks bn lnt knltrmhutc tn pgml rcfmcj gs tdcy dgvc ln gktmnl nl tdc ml﬈giigtnry prnkcss tdgt kguscs tdc pgml P=‛77Y. Qmtd gpprnprmgtc icgsurcs tn rcinvc tdc jnkm nj mljcktmnl, gltmhmntmks grc lnt lckcssgry ml inst kgscs. Gl nfb suramkgf krcbn ms ‖pus kgllnt hc kurcb hy pclmkmffml’.

_rmlkmpfcs nj gltmhmntmk usgac Ml rckclt tmics, gltmimkrnhmgf stcwgrbsdmp dgs hccl amvcl fnts nj mipnrtglkc gt tdc pgtmclt fcvcf glb gt tdc kniiulmty fcvcf. Gltmimkrnhmgf stcwgrbsdmp ms bc﬇lcb gs ‖tdc nptmigf scfcktmnl, bnsgac, glb burgtmnl nj gltmimkrnhmgf trcgticlt tdgt rcsufts ml tdc hcst kfmlmkgf nutknic jnr tdc trcgticlt nr prcvcltmnl nj mljcktmnl, wmtd imlmigf tnxmkmty tn tdc pgtmclt glb imlmigf mipgkt nl suhscquclt rcsmstglkc.’ Enscpd glb Xnbvnfb P78Y suiigrmscb tdc 2 B's nj gltmimkrnhmgf tdcrgpy wdmkd ms amvcl ml Rghfc 7. Gl mipnrtglt knlsmbcrgtmnl ml stgrtmla gltmimkrnhmgf tdcrgpy ms tn gsscss mj tdc mljcktmnl ms fnkgfmzcb glb mj tdc pgtmclt dgs gl gbcqugtc miiulc rcspnlsc tn knltrnf tdc hgktcrmg mj suppnrtcb suramkgffy. Rdcsc knlsmbcrgtmnls grc suiigrmscb ml Rghfc 8. Ml tdc prcsclkc nj purufclkc, smals nj ml﬈giigtmnl, ghskcss nr brgmlmla smlus trgkts, tdc fcsmnl/ mljcktmnl rcspnlbs tn fnkgf bchrmbciclt icgsurcs ml g dcgftdy pgtmclt P78,7;Y. Ml gl ntdcrwmsc dcgftdy pgtmclt, mljcktmnls tdgt dgvc lnt krnsscb tdc bcltngfvcnfgr rcamnls grc giclghfc tn trcgticlt wmtdnut

Rghfc 7. 2 B”s nj gltmimkrnhmgf tdcrgpy P78Y. rmadt Brua rmadt Bnsc Bc-cskgfgtmnl tn pgtdnacl-bmrcktcb tdcrgpy,

Xckcmvcb 74 Eufy 8?720 gkkcptcb 88 Guaust 8=72

rmadt Burgtmnl nj tdcrgpy


8?72


Znf. 2 Ln. 857 bnm5 7?.;48;/124

Rghfc 8. Knlsmbcrgtmnls jnr gltmimkrnhmgf tdcrgpy P7;Y Mlbmkgtcb kfmlmkgf knlbmtmnls jnr gltmimkrnhmgf tdcrgpy

7. _yrcxmg wmtdml fgst 82 dnurs ‛ mlbmkgtcs g systcimk rcspnlsc tn tdc mljcktmnl 8. [ystcimk syiptnis fm`c igfgmsc, jgtmauc, wcg`lcss, bmzzmlcss, rgpmb rcspmrgtmnl glb fnkgf tclbcr fyipdgbclnpgtdy ‛ mlbmkgtc gl mipclbmla scpsms ;. Rrmsius ‛ mlbmkgtcs sprcgb tn pcrmiglbmhufgr spgkcs glb kgl cxtclb tn scknlbgry spgkcs tdgt kgl h c pntcltmgffy bglacrnus. Gfsn trmsius ig`cs mltrgnrgf prnkcburcs bmj﬇kuft, wdmkd iust wgmt ultmf tdc trmsius ms rcfmcvcb.

Lnl-mlbmkgtcb kfmlmkgf knlbmtmnls jnr gltmimkrnhm gltmimkrnhmgf gf tdcrgpy

7. _gml ‛ (Glgfacsmks/ Gltm-ml﬈giigtnry bruas grc mlbmkgtcb) 8. Ncbcig ‛ (Gltm-ml﬈giigtnry bruas mlbmkgtcb)

;. Xcblcss/dcgt (Gltm-ml﬈giigtnry bruas mlbmkgtcb)

2. Gs g prnpdyfgxms ml pgtmclts wmtd systcimk knlbmtmnls fm`c rdcuigtmk dcgrt bmscgsc, clbnkgrbmtms, dcgrt / nrtdnpgcbmk 2. _urufclkc ‛ (Xcsnfvcb hy brgmlgac nj pus / bchrmbciclt) prnstdcsms. 3. Ml pgtmclts wmtd gly `mlb nj miiulnkniprnimsc ‛ GMB[, kglkcr,, gutnmiiulc bmscgscs, knrtmknstcrnmb tdcrgpy kglkcr tdcrgpy,, pgtmclts wmtd miiulc kniprnimscb bmscgscs fm`c kykfmk lcutrnpclmg, pglkytnpclmg, ulknltrnffcb bmghctcs tn lgic g jcw kniinl nlcs.

3. Ghskcss ‛ fnkgfmzcb (c.a., gfvcnfgr ghskcsscs, pcrmnbnltgf ghskcsscs) ‛ (Xcsnfvcs hy mlkmsmnl glb brgmlgac)

:. Gjtcr snfmb Nragl trglspfglt/argjts (kgrbmgk/rclgf/hnlc igrrnw/fmvcr/nsscnus mipfglts)

:. Brgmlmla smlus trgkt. (Xcinvgf nj jnkm nj mljcktmnl rcsnfvcs brgmlgac glb smlus trgkt igy dcgf nl mts nwl nr igy dgvc tn hc suramkgffy cxkmscb.) cxkmscb.)

gltmhmntmks. Rdc mljcktmnls tdgt grc ghnut tn hrcgkd tdc bcltngfvcnfgr rcamnls glb tdrcgtcl tn cxtclb mltn bccpcr dgrb tmssucs nr mltn tdc snjt tmssuc jgskmgf spgkcs ml tdc dcgb glb lck` rcamnl wmff lccb usc nj gpprnprmgtc gltmhmntmks gfnla wmtd suramkgf tdcrgpy P72‛7:Y.

Gltmhmntmks gpprnprmgtc jnr bcltgf usc Bmjjcrclt gltmhmntmk prcskrmhmla trclbs grc ml prgktmkc ginla bcltmsts P2,3,71Y. Slbcrstglbmla tdc pdgrigkn`mlctmks glb pdgrigknbylgimks ms mipnrtglt jnr gpprnprmgtc usc nj tdc gltmhmntmks. Ml spmtc nj g fgrac nj luihcr nj lcwcr gltmhmntmks hcmla ml© Slbcr Fmkclsc nj Krcgtmvc Kniinls Kniinls Gttrmhutmnl ;.? Fmkclsc

trnbukcb ml tdc igr`ct, tdcrc grc g vcry jcw gltmhmntmks tdgt grc uscjuf ml bcltgf mljcktmnls. Inst mljcktmnls nj bcltgf nrmaml stmff rcspnlb tn pclmkmffml arnup nj gltmhmntmks P74Y glb rnutmlc usc nj lcwcr gltmhmntmks nlfy gbbs tn tdc knst glb rms` nj gltmhmntmk rcsmstglkc tn tdcsc gaclts. Gimlnpclmkmffmls grc lnt gktmvc gagmlst glgcrnhcs hut nbnltnaclmk mljcktmnls tdgt sdnw glgcrnhmk pgtdnaclmk hgktcrmg stmff rcspnlb tn tdcsc gltmhmntmks glb tdcsc gltmhmntmks igy gkt hy kdglamla tdc cknfnamkgf lmkdc tdgt wmff rcsuft ml bcgtd nj tdc pgtdnaclmk glgcrnhcs gs wcff. P7;Y. Gbbmla g brua wmtd glgcrnhmk knvcr fm`c ictrnlmbgznfc dgs g sylcramstmk cjjckt. P7= 7=Y. Y. G fmst nj bruas uscjuf ml bcltmstry grc fmstcb ml Rghfc ;. Hgktcrmkmbgf gltmhmntmks grc prcjcrrcb wdcl tdc dnst ms miiulc kniprnimscb gs hgktcrmnstgtmk bruas rcqumrc

;


8?72 Znf. 2 Ln. 857 bnm5 7?.;48;/124

Rghfc ;. Gltmhmntmks uscjuf ml Bcltgf _rgktmkc Gltmhmntmk uscb

Kmbgf/[tgtmk

Ginxmkmffml

Kmbgf

- Hcttcr nrgf tnfcrglkc. - Fcss kdglkcs nj tnxmkmty. - Inst nbnltnaclmk mljcktmnls stmff rcspnlb tn tdms brua.

Ginxmkmffml + kfgvufglgtc

Kmbgf

- [mimfgr tn ginxmkmffml wmtd gbbmtmnlgf Hctg fgktgigsc rcsmstglkc

Kcpdgfnspnrmls

Kmbgf

Sscjuf ml scfcktmvc kgscs nj pclmkmffml gffcray glb dgvc annb gktmvmty gagmlst inst nrgf pgtdnacls hut (sdnufb lnt uscb ml kgscs nj pgtmclts sdnwmla Rypc M dypcrsclsmtmvmty tn pclmkmffml arnup nj bruas)

Ictrnlmbgznfc

Kmbgf

Gktmvc gagmlst nhfmagtc glgcrnhcs hut ln gktmvmty gagmlst jgkuftgtmvc glgcrnhcs fm`c [trcptnknkkm. Sscjuf ml stgac nj ghskcss jnrigtmnl.

Kfmlbgiykml

[tgtmk

Sscjuf ml pclmkmffml gffcramk pgtmclts glb dgs g w mbc spcktrui nj gktmvmt y mlkfubmla glgcrnhcs. Sscjuf ml pclmkmffml gffcramk mljcktmnls. Xms` nj supcrmljcktmnl.

Rctrgkykfmlcs

[tgtmk

Dmad knlkcltrgtmnls gkdmcvcb ml hnlc glb amlamvgf tmssucs. Rnpmkgf jnriufgtmnls gvgmfghfc gvgmfghfc jnr usc ml pcrmnbnltnfnay p crmnbnltnfnay

Gimlnafyknsmbcs

Igkrnfmbcs gltmhmntmks

Jfunrnqumlnfnlcs

Kmbgf/stgtmk

- Mlecktghfc bruas - Gktmvc gagmlst argi lcagtmvc nbnltnaclmk mljcktmnls - Sscb ml knihmlgtmnl wmtd ntdcr bruas ml scvcrc nbnltnaclmk mljcktmnls - Ntntnxmkmty glb dcpgtntmxmkmty.

[tgtmk

Xgpmb gltmimkrnhmgf rcsmstglkc bcvcfnps wmtd tdcsc lcwcr gltmhmntmks glb sn tdcy iust hc gvnmbcb ml bcltgf sct tmlas wdcl hcttcr kdnmkcs grc gvgmfghfc.

Kmbgf

Inxm﬈nxgkml dgs hccl jnulb tn hc gktmvc gagmlst inst nbnltnaclmk imkrn-nraglmsis. P=?Y. Sscjuf ml imlnr mljcktmnls ml pclmkmffml gffcramk pgtmclts, hut hct tcr gftcrlgtmvcs grc gvgmfghfc glb dclkc lnt rckniiclbcb jnr rnutmlc usc.

tdc dnst's miiulc systci tn knipfctcfy crgbmkgtc tdc mljcktmnl P8?Y. Mj tdc bckmsmnl tn prcskrmhc gl gltmhmntmk ms igbc, mt igy hc lckcssgry tn usc imkrnhmnfnamkgf tcstmla tn kdnnsc tdc gpprnprmgtc gltmhmntmk. Imkrnhmnfnamkgf tcstmla hy kufturc glb sclsmtmvmty tcsts wmff dcfp kdnnsc tdc hcst gltmhmntmk. [gipfcs grc knffcktcb ml gl gpprnprmgtc igllcr gjtcr knlsuftgtmnl wmtd tdc fgh glb sclt miicbmgtcfy, prcjcrghfy hcjnrc

2

Mipnr tglt kdgrgktcrmstmk

stgrtmla gly gltmhmntmks. Gjtcr knffcktmnl nj sgipfc, trcgticlt sdnufb hc stgrtcb miicbmgtcfy hy usc nj cipmrmk gltmhmntmks. Jnr imlnr mljcktmnls, ginxmkmffml nr ginxmkmffml/kfgvufglgtc ms suj﬇kmclt. G knihmlgtmnl nj hctg-fgktgigsc rcsmstglt pclmkmffml arnup nj brua glb ictrnlmbgznfc ms stgrtcb ml kgscs nj scrmnus nbnltnaclmk mljcktmnls gfnla wmtd gpprnprmgtc suramkgf tdcrgpy P7:,7=,87,88Y. Xnutmlc kufturc glb sclsmtmvmty grc lnt rckniiclbcb ml imlnr nbnltnaclmk mljcktmnls. Rdcsc mljcktmnls rcspnlb wcff tn



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cipmrmk gltmhmntmk tdcrgpy wmtd pclmkmffml arnup nj bruas. Mt glb sn rnutmlc kufturc kufturc glb sclsmtmvmty ms lnt knst cjjcktmvc P87Y. Ml kgsc nj scvcrc mljcktmnls nr mljcktmnls sdnwmla rgpmb sprcgb, kufturc glb sclsmtmvmty imadt hc rckniiclbcb. Nlc iust rcicihcr tdgt ‖wgmtmla ms wgstmla’ ml tdcsc skclgrmns. Cipmrmk gltmhmntmk tdcrgpy ms stgrtcb glb fgtcr kdglacb, mj lckcssgry, hgscb nl kufturc glb sclsmtmvmty rcpnrts.

Gpprnprmgtc bnsgac/jrcquclky glb burgtmnl Bmskussmla tdc bctgmfcb pdgrigknfnay nj tdcsc bruas ms hcynlb tdc sknpc nj tdms grtmkfc hut g hrmcj bmskussmnl nj gl mipnrtglt pdgrigknfnamkgf prn﬇fc nj gltmhmntmks igy hc dcfpjuf. Gltmhmntmks kgl dgvc g knlkcltrgtmnl-bcpclbclt `mffmla nr g tmic-bcpclbclt `mffmla. Rdc knlkcltrgtmnl-bcpclbclt bruas kgusc hgktcrmgf bcgtd wdcl prcsclt ghnvc g pgrtmkufgr knlkcltrgtmnl. knlkcltrgtmnl. Mlkrcgsmla tdc knlkcltrgtmnl wmff rcsuft ml jgstcr `mffmla. Rdus g smlafc dmad bnsc igy suj﬇kc tn gkdmcvc tdc cjjckt. c.a, ictrnlmbgznfc. Rmic-bcpclbclt bruas dgvc tdcmr hcst cjjckt wdcl prcsclt gt tdcrgpcutmk fcvcfs jnr g pgrtmkufgr pcrmnb nj tmic. Rdc tdcrgpcutmk fcvcf nj tdc brua iust hc igmltgmlcb jnr fnla pcrmnbs tn gkdmcvc hcst cjjckt. Mlkrcgsmla tdc knlkcltrgtmnl nj tdc brua igy dgvc ln cjjckt nl mts cj﬇kgky. Rdcsc bruas igy hc hcttcr uscb hy mlkrcgsmla tdc jrcquclky nj gbimlmstrgt gbimlmstrgtmnl mnl rgtdcr tdgl mlkrcgsmla tdc bnsc. _clmkmffml arnup nj bruas hcfnla tn tdms prn﬇fc P7;Y. Rdms suaacsts tdc qucstmnl nj wdctdcr 83? ia nj ginxmkmffml amvcl 2 tmics g bgy ms inrc hclc﬇kmgf tdgl 3?? ia nj ginxmkmffml amvcl ; tmics g bgy Nr ms 83? ia nj ginxmkmffml amvcl tdrmkc g bgy suj﬇kmclt> Glb ml cgkd nj tdcsc scttmlas, wdgt ms tdc rckniiclbcb burgtmnl nj tdcrgpy > Bmjjcrclt prcskrmhmla trclbs grc prcsclt wmtdnut gbcqugtc cvmbclkc nj

© Slbcr Fmkclsc nj Krcgtmvc Kniinls Kniinls Gttrmhutmnl ;.? Fmkclsc

Znf. 2 Ln. 857 bnm5 7?.;48;/124

tdcmr cj﬇kgky gs tdcrc grc ln kfcgr stubmcs nl tdc hcst bnsgacs glb jrcquclkmcs gs gppfmkghfc tn bcltmstry. Dmadcr bnsc nj gltmhmntmk amvcl jnr g sdnrtcr burgtmnl grc gbvnkgtcb ml rckclt ycgrs P2 Y. Rdms rcamicl wnufb gvnmb scfcktmnl nj gltmhmntmk rcsmstglt spckmcs glb tdc rms` nj gffcray nr gbvcrsc cvclts grc lnt smalm﬇kgltfy rgmscb jnr inst bcltgf spckm﬇k gltmhmntmks. [cfcktmnl nj gltmhmntmk rcsmstglt spckmcs ms kniinl gjtcr usmla fnwcr bnsc nj gltmhmntmks jnr fnlacr pcrmnbs nj tmic. Hut hcjnrc tdms, tdc ﬇rst qucstmnl tn gs` nlcscfj ms wdctdcr gl gltmhmntmk ms mlbmkgtcb ml tdgt pgrtmkufgr kfmlmkgf scttmla ml tdgt pgrtmkufgr pgtmclt P;Y. G hrmcj tghufgtmnl nj iglgaciclt nj inst kniinl knlbmtmnls trcgtcb hy g bcltmst wmtd tdcmr iglgaciclt prmlkmpfcs ms fmstcb ml Rghfc 2.

Gltmhmntmks Ml Clbnbnltmk _rgktmkc Inst clbnbnltmk prgktmkc bcgfs wmtd gkutc glb kdrnlmk pufpgf glb pcrmgpmkgf pgtdnfnamcs. Cvmbclkc dgs sdnwl tdgt gltmhmntmks dgvc ln cjjckt nl tdc pgml ml kgsc.P7?,8;,82Y Gltmhmntmks grc lnt uscjuf ml inst clbnbnltmk mljcktmnls hckgusc mt ms bnuhtjuf tdgt systcimk gltmhmntmks grc ghfc tn gkdmcvc gl gbcqugtc tdcrgpcutmk knlkcltrgtmnl wmtdml tdc lckrntmk pufp P83Y. Ictmkufnus clbnbnltmk tckdlmquc hy gvnmbmla nvcr mlstruicltgtmnl wmff gvnmb pcrmgpmkgf mljcktmnls glb ﬈grc ups burmla tdc clbnbnltmk tdcrgpmcs P8:Y. _gml burmla clbnbnltmk trcgticlt kgl hc gvnmbcb hy kgrcjuf mlstruicltgtmnl. Lnlstcrnmbgf gltm-ml﬈giigtnry bruas (L[GMBs) kgl hc dcfpjuf tn nhtgml pgml rcfmcj P8 P81Y 1Y.. Qdcrc clbnbnltmk trcgticlt ms lnt jcgsmhfc nr ml pgtmclts wmtd lnlrcstnrghfc tnntd, tnntd, cxtrgktmnl nj tdc tnntd wmff rcsnfvc

3

8?72

RDC MLRCXLGRMNLGF GXGHMK ENSXLGF

Znf. 2 Ln. 857 bnm5 7?.;48;/124

NJ GLRMIMKXNHMGF GACLR[

Rghfc 2. Iglgaciclt nj kniinl bcltgf knlbmtmnls. K nl b m t m n l

Rrcgticlt Gpprngkd

G lt m h m n t m k s

Slknipfmkgtcb clbnbnltmk fcsmnl

- Bchrmbciclt nj rnnt kglgf

Ln

[njt tmssuc swcffmla nj clbnbnltmk nrmaml (gpmkgf ghskcss / gfvcnfgr ghskcss)

- Bchrmbciclt nj rnnt kglgf - Mlkmsmnl glb brgmlgac.

Ln

Clbnbnltmk fcsmnl knl﬇lcb tn tdc hnlc (gpmkgf pcrmnbnltmtms)

-Rrcpdmlgtmnl -R rcpdmlgtmnl nj hnlc tn rcfmcvc prcssurc glb spccb dcgfmla

Ln

_crmnbnltgf ghskcss

- [kgfmla / rcinvgf nj mrrmtglt - Brgmlgac nj pus

Ln

Kdrnlmk pcrmnbnltmtms/ Amlamvmtms

[kgfmla glb rnnt pfglmla

Ln

LSA wmtdnut systcimk knipfmkgtmnls ml dcgftdy pgtmclts.

- Bchrmbciclt - Mrrmagtmnl - [kgfmla glb rnnt pfglmla

Ln

LSA wmtd systcimk knipfmkgtmnls nr ml miiulc kniprnimscb pgtmclts / GLS_ / DMZ gssnkmgtcb LSA/LS_

-Bchrmbciclt -Mrrmagtmnl -[kgfmla glb rnnt pfglmla -[ystcimk Gltmhmntmks

]cs. Ictrnlmbgznfc ms ﬇rst kdnmkc. _clmkmffml arnup nj bruas igy hc gbbmtmnlgf gbeuvglts P;3 P;3YY

Gaarcssmvc pcrmnbnltgf bmscgscs / Xcjrgktnry pcrmnbnltgf knlbmtmnls

- Bchrmbciclt - [kgfmla glb rnnt pfglmla

Igy hc knlsmbcrcb cgrfy ml aclcrgfmzcb gaarcssmvc pcrmnbnltmtms P=7Y

- Mlkmsmnl glb Brgmlgac - Xcinvgf nj jnkm nj mljcktmnl - Mlkmsmnl glb brgmlgac - Xcinvgf nj jnkm nj mljcktmnl

Fnkgfmzcb ghskcss Jgskmgf spgkc mljcktmnls

Ln ]cs

Knipfmkgtcb clbnbnltmk / pcrmnbnltmk fcsmnls wmtd smals nj systcimk sprcgb nj mljcktmnl /mlvnfvciclt nj jgskmgf spgkcs

- Xcinvgf nj jnkm nj mljcktmnl - Mlkmsmnl glb brgmlgac

]cs

[ystcimkgffy kniprnimscb pgtmclts wmtd miiulc bcjckts

Xcinvgf nj jnkm nj mljcktmnl hy gly gpprnprmgtc icgls

]cs (usc nj hgktcrmkmbgf bruas rckniiclbcb)

_rmnr tn ulknipfmkgtcb / knipfmkgtcb cxtrgktmnls

-

Ln

_rmnr tn pcrmnbnltgf suracrmcs / clbnbnltmk suracrmcs

-

Ln

_rmnr tn Xcaclcrgtmvc pcrmnbnltgf tdcrgpy wmtd icihrglcs / argjtmla

-

Igy hc *

_rmnr tn mipfglt suracr y

-

Lnt lckcssgry ml kgsc nj smlafc mipfglt pfgkciclt.

* lnt suppnrtcb hy strnla dmad qugfmty cvmbclkc, LSA Lckrntmzmla Sfkcrgtmvc Amlamvmtms, LS_ ‛ Lckrntmzmla Sfkcrgtmvc _crmnbnltmtms, DMZ ‛ Duigl Miiulnbc﬇kmclky Zmrus

:



8?72


Znf. 2 Ln. 857 bnm5 7?.;48;/124

tdc mljcktmnus prnkcss. Gs jnr clbnbnltmk suracrmcs, tdcy bn lnt rcqumrc usc nj gltmhmntmks ml dcgftdy pgtmclts usugffy, usugffy, hut igy hc uscb mj bccicb lckcssgry lckcssgr y hy tdc kfmlmkmgl. P;Y. P;Y. _nstnpcrgtmvc gltm-ml﬈giigtnry bruas wmff hc suj﬇kmclt tn knltrnf pgml. _nstsuramkgf mljcktmnl ms lnt kniinl gjtcr clbnbnltmk suracrmcs P84‛;?Y.

Qdmfc snic gutdnrs suaacst tdgt gjtcr gpprnprmgtc glb tdnrnuad ickdglntdcrgpy, imkrnhmgf tcstmla sdnufb hc ulbcrtg`cl hcjnrc stgrtmla gltmhmntmk tdcrgpy P7;Y tdc hclc﬇t nj imkrnhmgf tcstmla dgs gfsn hccl qucstmnlcb P;2Y.

Gkutc pcrm-rgbmkufgr ghskcss ms g kniinl clbnbnltmk mljcktmnl. G rckclt rcvmcw knlkfubcb tdgt tdcrc ms mlsuj﬇kmclt cvmbclkc tn rckniiclb usc nj gltmhmntmks ml kgscs nj gpmkgf pcrmnbnltmtms nr ml gkutc pcrm-rgbmkufgr ghskcsscs P77Y. Ml tdc iglgaciclt nj gkutc pcrm-rgbmkufgr ghskcsscs, tdc ghskcss sdnufb ﬇rst hc brgmlcb hy pcrjnrimla g pufpcktniy nr mlkmsmnl glb brgmlgac, glb rcfmcvmla gly trguigtmk nkkfusmnl. Mj gbcqugtc brgmlgac ms gkdmcvcb vmg mlkmsmnl glb brgmlgac, bchrmbciclt, glb icbmkgtmnl nj tdc kglgf systci, sy stci, gltmhmntmks grc lnt rcqumrcb aclcraclcrgffy P;7,;8Y. Ml tdc cvclt nj systcimk knipfmkgtmnls, sukd gs jcvcr, fyipdgbclnpgtdy, nr kcffufmtms nr ml gl miiulnkniprnimscb pgtmclt, gltmhmntmks igy hc prcskrmhcb ml gbbmtmnl tn brgmlgac nj mljcktmnl. P;8Y.

Amlamvmtms ms g fnkgf mljcktmnus prnkcss glb rcspnlbs wcff tn fnkgf f nkgf ickdglntdcrgpy glb gltmhmntmk tdcrgpy ms knltrgmlbmkgtcb P;3Y. Xnutmlc usc nj systcimk gltmhmntmks ml trcgticlt nj kdrnlmk pcrmnbnltmtms ms lnt eustm﬇cb eustm﬇ cb ml lnri lnrigf gf dcgftdy dcgftdy pgtmc pgtmclts. lts. Rdc Rdc rms`s rms`s nj systcimk gltmhmntmks nutwcmad tdc hclc﬇ts jnr usc ml pcrmnbnltgf bmscgscs P7;Y. _crmnbnltgf pnk`cts kgl hc trcgtcb hy fnkgf mrrmagtmnl nj gltmscptmk / gltmhmntmk snfutmnls. Rdc rcinvgf nj tdc kgfkufus glb mljcktcb tmssuc hy skgfmla glb rnnt pfglmla prnkcburc wmtd mrrmagtmnl rcinvcs tdc mljcktmnus jnkm glb rcsnfvcs tdc ml﬈giigtmnl. Rdc igml nhecktmvc wnufb hc tn bmsrupt tdc hmn﬇fi ickdglmkgffy.

Glymhmntmks ml _crmnbnltgf prgktmkc _crmnbnltmtms ms g hgktcrmgf mljcktmnl glb tdms dgs hccl uscb gs g eustm﬇kgtmnl jnr tdc rcpcgtcb rnutmlc usc nj gltmhmntmks ml pcrmnbnltnfnay. Hut tdc kfmlmkgf rcfcvglkc nj hgktcrmg hcmla prcsclt ml tdc tmssucs ms stmff lnt kfcgrfy bc﬇lcb ml pcrmnbnltgf mljcktmnls glb mt ms mlgpprnprmgtc tn ig`c kfmlmkgf trcgticlt sukd gs tn usc gbeulktmvc systcimk gltmhmntmks nl tdms prcimsc gfnlc. Inltmcrn ct gf., P;;Y knlbuktcb g survcy rcagrbmla tdc usc nj systcimk gltmhmntmks hy bcltmsts jnr pcrmnbnltgf bmscgscs glb knlkfubcb tdgt igly bcltmsts stmff usc systcimk gltmhmntmks mlknrrcktfy, wmtdnut rcagrb tn cvmbclkc ml puhfmsdcb fmtcrgturc, jnr mlgpprnprmgtc mlbmkgtmnls glb usmla mlgpprnprmgtc prntnknfs tdgt grc mlcjjcktmvc ml pcrmnbnltgf tdcrgpy. Rdcrc ms knlsmbcrghfc knltrnvcrsy nl tdc usc nj imkrnhmgf tcstmla ml pcrmnbnltnfnay. © Slbcr Fmkclsc nj Krcgtmvc Kniinls Kniinls Gttrmhutmnl ;.? Fmkclsc

Amlamvmtms glb kdrnlmk pcrmnbnltmtms

Rdc mltcrrcfgtmnlsdmp mltcrrcfgtmnlsdmp hctwccl pcrmnbnltmtms pcrmnb nltmtms glb afykcimk knltrnf igy hc knlsmbcrcb hmbmrcktmnlgf P;:Y. Nrgf dyamclc cbukgtmnl glb ickdglmkgf bchrmbciclt nj pfgquc glb kgfkufus knihmlcb wmtd rcaufgr igmltclglkc ms mipnrtglt. Qdcl pnssmhfc, g DhG7k nj fcss tdgl 7?% sdnufb hc cstghfmsdcb hcjnrc suramkgf trcgticlt ms pcrjnricb glb systcimk gltmhmntmks grc lnt lccbcb rnutmlcfy rnutmlcfy.. Gfsn, pcrmnbnltgf trcgticlt sccis tn miprnvc afykcimk knltrnf P;1,;4Y, Mt wgs jnulb tdgt gbbmtmnlgf usc nj bnxykykfmlc bnxyk ykfmlc bmb lnt njjcr smalm﬇kglt hclc﬇t ml afykcimk knltrnf P;1Y, P;1Y, hut wdcl bnxykykfmlc wgs uscb, tdc tnpmkgf fnkgf bcfmvcry nj bnxykykfmlc njjcrcb hcttcr afykcimk knltrnf (bckrcgsc hy 7?.3%) P;=Y tdgl systcimk bnxykykfmlc (bckrcgsc hy 2.1%) P2?Y.

Gaarcssmvc pcrmnbnltgf bmscgscs [ystcimk tdcrgpy jnr trcgticlt nj tdc pcrmnbnltgf knlbmtmnl ml knleulktmnl wmtd fnkgf tdcrgpy ms mlbm-

1

8?72


Znf. 2 Ln. 857 bnm5 7?.;48;/124

Rghfc 3. [mals/syiptnis nj scvcrc dcgb glb lck` mljcktmnls. [mals/syiptnis nj systcimk sprcgb ‛ pyrcxmg, igfgmsc glb wnrsclmla nj aclcrgf knlbmtmnl. Xgpmb nlsct glb prnarcss Mljcktmnl ml miiulnkniprnimscb pgtmclts. Fgrac swcffmla mlvnfvmla suhicltgf/suhiglbmhufgr nr pgrgpdgrylacgf spgkcs ‛ pntcltmgf gmrwgy kniprnimsc _rcsclkc nj trmsius mlbmkgtcs mlvnfvciclt nj pcrmiglbmhufgr spgkcs glb ms g scrmnus smal.

kgtcb ml pgtmclts wmtd gaarcssmvc pcrmnbnltmtms tn cfmimlgtc tdc hgktcrmg tdgt mlvgbc tdc amlamvgf tmssucs glb kgl rcpnpufgtc tdc pnk`ct gjtcr skgfmla glb rnnt pfglmla. Rdc usc nj gltmhmntmks ms hclc﬇kmgf nlfy gjtcr tdc hmn﬇fi dgs hccl bmsruptcb hy gpprnprmgtc ickdglntdcrgpy ickdglntdcrgpy glb gltmhmntmks sdnufb hc uscb nlfy gjtcr prnpcr ickdglntdcrgpy dgs hccl uscb glb dgs hccl ulsukkcssjuf. Rdc usc nj knihmlgtmnl nj ginxmkmffml glb ictrnlmbgznfc ml gaarcssmvc pcrmnbnltgf bmscgscs ms wcff suppnrtcb P27‛22Y, dnwcvcr wcff bcsmalcb knltrnffcb kfmlmkgf trmgfs grc fmimtcb gs sdnwl ml g rckclt rcvmcw P23Y.

Gkutc fcsmnls nj amlamvg/ amlamvg/pcrmnbnltmui pcrmnbnltmui Rdc twn inst i nst kniinl gkutc amlamvgf mljcktmnls grc lckrntmzmla ufkcrgtmvc amlamvmtms (LSA) glb dcrpctmk amlamvnstnigtmtms. amlamvnstnigt mtms. Dcrpctmk amlamvnstnigt amlamvnstnigtmtms mtms ms g vmrgf mljcktmnl hut igy hc knipfmkgtcb hy supcrmljcktmnl wmtd hgktcrmg. Rdcsc bmscgscs nkkur inst njtcl ml dcgftdy pgtmclts, hut pgtmclts wmtd bcprcsscb miiulnfnamk rcspnlscs dgvc gl mlkrcgscb rms` jnr tdcsc amlamvgf cltmtmcs. Hntd igy gppcgr smimfgr glb tdc trcgticlt hy bchrmbciclt ms cjjcktmvc jnr LSA hut igy cxgkcrhgtc dcrpctmk amlamvnstnigtmtms. Nl tdc ntdcr dglb, gltmvmrgf tdcrgpy ms cjjcktmvc jnr dcrpctmk amlamvgf fcsmnls hut lnt jnr LSA. P;3Y. Lckrntmzmla fcsmnls kgusc cxtclsmvc tmssuc bcstruktmnl glb lckrnsms. Rdc trcgticlt ms igmlfy rcinvgf nj tdc lckrntmk tmssuc wmtd pgml knltrnf. Gltmhmntmks grc lnt rckniiclbcb ml LSA pgtmclts wdn bn lnt

4

dgvc systcimk knipfmkgtmnls. P;3,2:Y. Dnwcvcr, ml pgtmclts wmtd miiulnfnamk bc﬇kmclkmcs nr pgtmclts wmtd cvmbclkc nj sprcgb hcynlb tdc amlamvgf tmssucs gs ml lckrntmzmla ufkcrgtmvc pcrmnbnltmtms (LS_) tdcl systcimk gltmhmntmks grc mlbmkgtcb cspckmgffy wdcl fnkgf rnnt pfglmla glb kurcttgac ms lnt pnssmhfc miicbmgtcfy . P;3Y. P;3Y. Xcaufgr bgmfy jnffnw up glb bchrmbciclt wmtd mrrmagtmnl ms rcqumrcb jnr iglgaciclt nj tdms fcsmnl. Lckrntmzmla fcsmnls nj tdc amlamvg glb pcrmnbnltmui p crmnbnltmui kgl prnarcss brgigtmkgffy ml Duigl Miiulnbc﬇kmclky Zmrus (DMZ) pnsmtmvc pgtmclts, tdus mt ms lckcssgry tn utmfmzc tdnrnuad fnkgf tdcrgpy knihmlcb wmtd fnkgf usc nj gltmimkrnhmgf inutdwgsdcs sukd gs kdfnrdcxmbmlc glb ictmkufnus nrgf dyamclc hy tdc pgtmclt. [ystcimk gltmhmntmks igy hc uscb cspckmgffy wdcl systcimk knipfmkgtmnls clsuc nr gltmkmpgtcb. Qdclcvcr pnssmhfc, gltmhmntmks sdnufb hc gvnmbcb ml smalm﬇kgltfy miiulnkniprnimscb mlbmvmbugfs tn imlmimzc tdc rms` nj nppnrtulmstmk mljcktmnls (m.c., kglbmbmgsms), supcrmljcktmnl, glb imkrn-nraglmsi brua rcsmstglkc P;3,2:,21Y.

_crmnbnltgf ghskcss _crmnbnltgf ghskcsscs kgl njtcl hc iglgacb hy kurcttmla tdc pnk`ct ulbcr fnkgf glgcstdcsmg tn rcinvc pfgquc nr gly ntdcr gctmnfnamk igtcrmgf. Rdc usc nj systcimk gltmhmntmks igy hc mlbmkgtcb wdcl pgtmclts dgvc cfcvgtcb tcipcrgturcs nr sdnw smals nj kcffufmtms glb dgvc systcimk bmscgsc/miiuln-



8?72

RDC MLRCXLGRMNLGF GXGHMK ENSXLGF

Znf. 2 Ln. 857 bnm5 7?.;48;/124

NJ GLRMIMKXNHMGF GACLR[

Rghfc :. Knlsmbcrgtmnls jnr pcrm mipfglt mljcktmnls. K nl b m t m n l

_crm-mipfglt Iuknsmtms

Krmtcrmg jnr bmgalnsms

Ml﬈giigtmnl Hfccbmla nl prnhmla _crm-mipfgltmtms pnk`ct bcptd 6 2 ii Ln hnlc fnss

Rrcgticlt

G+H

_crm-mipfgltmtms argbcb gkknrbmla Xclvcrt ct gf. P=8Y _crm-mipfgltmtms Argbc ?

_crm-mipfgltmtms Argbc 7 (imfb)

_crm-mipfgltmtms Argbc 8

_crm-mipfgltmtms Argbc ;

Jgmfcb mipfglt Mipfglt jrgkturc Mipfglt inhmfmty < 7 ii dnrmznltgf invghmfmty HN_ +/- [uppurgtmnl _crm mipfglt pnk`ct bcptd 6 2 ii Hnlc fnss 6 8 ii Jnrcmal Hnby ml mipfglt sufkus - > kciclt HN_ +/- [uppurgtmnl __B 2-: ii Hnlc fnss 6 8 ii HN_ +/- [uppurgtmnl __B < : ii Hnlc fnss < 8 ii

Cxpfglt

G+H

G+H

G+H+K

HN_ 9 hfccbmla nl prnhmla0 __B 9 _crm mipfglt pnk`ct bcptd. G ‛ Ickdglmkgf bchrmbciclt (pfgstmk skgfcrs, ruhhcr kup, gmr-ghrgsmvcs), nrgf dyamclc rc-cbukgtmnl & fnkgf gltmscpsms wmtd kdfnrdcxmbmlc ?.7‛?.8%, mrrmagtmnl nj _crm mipfglt pnk`ct wmtd gltm scptmk gaclts/gltmhmntmk sfurry glb gppfmkgtmnl nj fnkgf gltmscptmk gaclt fm`c kdfnrdcxmbmlc acf. H ‛ Xcinvgf nj ghuticlt. K ‛ [uramkgf gkkcss & [ystcimk gltmhmntmk.

kniprnimscb knlbmtmnl. P;3,21Y. Gltmhmntmk tdcrgpy gfnlc wmtdnut suhscquclt brgmlgac glb suhamlamvgf skgfmla ms knltrgmlbmkgtcb. P;3Y.

_crmnbnltgf suracrmcs [ystcimk gltmhmntmks grc aclcrgffy uscb gjtcr rcknlstruktmvc pcrmnbnltgf tdcrgpy, gftdnuad bc﬇lmtmvc mljnrigtmnl nl tdc gbvmsghmfmty nj tdms icgsurc ms stmff fgk`mla P24‛37Y. [mipfc rnutmlc pcrmnbnltgf suracrmcs bn lnt lccb gltmhmntmks ml tdc pnstnpcrgtmvc pcrmnb. Xcaclcrgtmvc tdcrgpmcs usmla hnlc argjts, gffnargjts glb pcrmnbnltgf icihrglcs snictmics rcqumrc tdc usc nj gltmhmntmks tn prcvclt mljcktmnl nj tdc hnlc argjt © Slbcr Fmkclsc nj Krcgtmvc Kniinls Kniinls Gttrmhutmnl ;.? Fmkclsc

nr tdc jnrcmal igtcrmgf (icihrglcs). Cvcl tdnuad stubmcs scci tn suaacst ln gbbmtmnlgf hclc﬇t P2=‛ 38Y, 38 Y, kurrclt prgktmkc rckniiclbs usc nj gltmhmntmks ml tdms skclgrmn. P;3Y. Dmad bnsc jnr g sdnrt tcri, wnufb hc hclc﬇kmgf lnt cxkccbmla 3 bgys, wnufb hc suj﬇kmclt ml inst mlstglkcs P;3Y. Knlsmbcrgtmnl jnr pcrm-mipfglt mljcktmnls grc tghufgtcb ml Rghfc :.

Rnpmkgf gltmhmntmks ml _crmnbnltnfnay Rdcrc ms g lccb tn rcbukc tdc wmbcsprcgb glb rcpcgtcb usc nj tnpmkgf gltmhmntmks gs gbvnkgtcb hy snic iglujgkturcrs. Rnpmkgf gltmimkrnhmgf tdcrgpy sdnufb hc uscb wmtd sgic kgutmnl gs gppfmcb tn systcimk tdcrgpy. tdcrgpy. Rdcmr mlbmkgtmnls grc smimfgr tn systcimk gltmhmntmk tdcrgpy ml pcrmnbnltnfnay P7;Y.

=


Gltmhmntmks ml Nrgf glb Igxmffnjgkmgf Igxmffnjgkm gf [uracry [uracr y Gltmhmntmks ml imlnr nrgf suracry Inst nrgf suramkgf prnkcburcs ml aclcrgf bcltgf prgktmkc glb ml tdc kfmlmkgf prgktmkc mlvnfvcs smipfc nr knipfmkgtcb cxtrgktmnl nj tcctd, prcprnstdctmk dgrb tmssuc glb snjt tmssuc prnkcburcs, pcrmgpmkgf suracrmcs, mipfglt pfgkciclts pfgkciclts glb snjt tmssuc hmnpsy prnkcburcs. Rdcsc suramkgf prnkcburcs grc bccicb kfcgl knltgimlgtcb prnkcburcs. Kfcgl prnkcburcs usugffy bn lnt dgvc rms` nj pnstprnkcburgf mljcktmnls. Cxkcffclt gscptmk prckgutmnls kgl rcbukc tdc mljcktmnl rms` tn ghnut ;% tn 3% P3;Y. Gltmhmntmks kgllnt rcbukc tdc rms` nj mljcktmnl tn hcfnw 7% glb igy lnt hc wgrrgltcb. Cvcl tdnuad gltmhmntmks grc rnutmlcfy uscb gs suramkgf prnpdyfgxms glb ml tdc pnstprnkcburgf pcrmnb, tdcrc ms lnt clnuad cvmbclkc tdgt sukd usgacs dgvc g inrc jgvnurghfc nutknic ml nrgf suracry. Ml aclcrgf tdcrc ms nvcrusc nj gltmhmntmk prnpdyfgxms ml imlnr nrgf suracry P32‛ 3:,3:Y. G rckclt rcvmcw knlkfubcs tdgt ghnut 78 pgtmclts dgvc tn hc trcgtcb wmtd gltmhmntmk tn prcvclt nlc mljcktmnl glb tdgt tdc rms`s nj gltmhmntmk usc smalm﬇kgltfy nutwcmad tdc hclc﬇ts. P31Y. Rdc usc nj prnpdyfgktmk gltmhmntmks prmnr tn mipfglt pfgkciclt ms knltrnvcrsmgf. G systcigtmk rcvmcw suppnrts tdc usc nj 8 a ginxmkmffml gs prcsuramkgf prnpdyfgxms P34Y wdmfc g jcw ntdcr stubmcs knlkfubc tdgt tdcrc ms ln gbbcb hclc﬇t P3=‛:7Y. Rdcrc ms ln cvmbclkc tdgt mipfglt jgmfurc ms prcvcltcb hy gltmhmntmk usgac P7;Y.

Gltmhmntmks ml knipfcx nbnltnaclmk mljcktmnls Nbnltnaclmk mljcktmnls hcaml wmtd mlvgsmnl hy imxcb hgktcrmgf ﬈nrg glb ml tdc cgrfy stgacs jgkuftgtmvc glgcrnhcs sukd gs strcptnknkkm prcbnimlgtc glb kcffufmtms stgac ms cstghfmsdcb. cst ghfmsdcb. Buc tn tdc kdglac ml tdc clvmrnliclt mlsmbc tdc mljcktcb rcamnls, tdcrc ms g kdglac ml tdc imkrn﬈nrg jrni jgkuftgtmvc jgkuftgtmvc tn nh-

7?

8?72 Znf. 2 Ln. 857 bnm5 7?.;48;/124

fmagtc glgcrnhcs glb tdcrc ms jnrigtmnl nj ghskcss. Kcffufmtms ms g rgpmbfy sprcgbmla prnarcssmvc mljcktmnl kguscb hy jgkuftgtmvc glgcrnhcs wdcrcgs ghskcss ms prcbnimlgltfy gl nhfmagtc glgcrnhmk mljcktmnl wmtd wcff bc﬇lcb igramls, ﬈uktuglt glb ms ﬇ffcb wmtd pus P7;‛7:,87Y. [cvcrc mljcktmnls nj tdc dcgb glb lck` sdnufb prcjcrghfy hc sccl hy g spckmgfmst cgrfy jnr knihmlcb gltmhmntmk glb suramkgf iglgaciclt. [cvcrmty igy hc mlbmkgtcb hy smals/syiptnis fmstcb ml Rghfc 3. _clmkmffml arnup nj bruas rcigml tdc bruas nj kdnmkc jnr cgrfy stgacs nj nbnltnaclmk mljcktmnls. Gjtcr jnrjnrigtmnl nj ghskcss, bruas wmtd glgcrnhmk spcktrui fm`c ictrnlmbgznfc nr kfmlbgiykml grc mlbmkgtcb. Gs g aclcrgf rufc, mj mljcktmnl dgs hccl prcsclt jnr inrc tdgl 8-; 8-; bgys, mt kgl hc cxpcktcb tn dgvc prnarcsscb tn nhfmagtc glgcrnhmk mljcktmnl glb gbbmtmnl nj ictrnlmbgznfc gfnla wmtd ginxmkmffml ms hclc﬇kmgf P7:,7=,87Y. G sdnrt knursc nj dmad bnsc gltmhmntmks knihmlcb wmtd suramkgf brgmlgac glb bgmfy bchrmbciclt/mrrmagtmnl iclt/ mrrmagtmnl gs mlbmkgtcb rcsufts ml qumk`cr rcsnfutmnl nj tdc mljcktmnl. Ml aclcrgf mt's rckniiclbcb tdgt tdc gltmhmntmk tdcrgpy sdnufb hc knltmlucb gt fcgst 8-; bgys hcynlb rcsnfutmnl nj syiptnis. P87Y.

Gltmhmntmk usc ml igxmffnjgk igxmffnjgkmgf mgf trguig Rdc aclcrgf knlsmbcrgtmnl ms tdgt wnulb kfnsurc nj kfcgl glb kfcgl knltgimlgtcb wnulbs fm`c mltrg nrgf iuknsgf fgkcrgtmnls nr tdgt kgl hc rclbcrcb kfcgl bn lnt rcqumrc rnutmlc usc nj gltmhmntmks. Bmrty wnulbs nr mljcktcb wnulbs wnufb lccb g bchrmbciclt hcjnrc kfnsurc nr igy hc trcgtcb hy bcfgycb prmigry kfnsurc nr fcjt tn dcgf hy scknlbgry mltcltmnl. Gltmhmntmks grc lnt g suhstmtutc jnr suramkgf bchrmbciclt. Xnutmlc usc nj suramkgf prnpdyfgxms bncs lnt scci tn njjcr gbbmtmnlgf hclc﬇t ml rcbuktmnl nj mljcktmnls P:8‛:3Y. [uracrmcs pcrjnricb wmtd buc kgrc jnr suramkgf gscpsms bn lnt rcqumrc prnpdyfgktmk bnsc nj gltmhmntmks hcynlb tdc ﬇rst 82 dnurs. Ml-




jcktcb wnulbs glb jrgkturcs/dgrbwgrc sdnufb hc trcgtcb gs gly igxmffnjgkmgf mljcktmnl glb tdc sgic knlsmbcrgtmnls grc gppfmkghfc mlkfubmla suramkgf rcinvgf nj tdc mljcktmnus jnkm wmtd gbeulktmvc usc nj gltmhmntmks.

Knlkcpt nj suramkgf prnpdyfgxms ml Nrgf glb Igxmffnjgkmgf [uracry Rdc bckmsmnl tn usc prnpdyfgktmk gltmhmntmks ml lnlmljcktcb kgscs sdnufb gfsn hc hgscb nl wdctdcr pgtmclts dgvc gly smalm﬇kglt icbmkgf rms` jgktnrs tdgt knufb gbvcrscfy gjjckt tdcmr duinrgf glb kcffufgr miiulc ickdglmsis, glb wdctdcr gly systcimk rms`s grc gssnkmgtcb wmtd tdc hgktcrcimg tdgt gkknipglmcs tnntd cxtrgktmnl. Jnr pgtmclts ml wdni pnstnpcrgtmvc mljcktmnl igy hc gltmkmpgtcb tdc usc nj kdcinprnpdyfgxms ms rckniiclbcb. Rdcrc ms ln cvmbclkc tdgt tdc usc nj gltmhmntmks hcynlb 82-24 dnurs dgs gly gbbmtmnlgf hclc﬇t. P::Y. Rdc kfgssmkgf stubmcs nl gltmhmntmk prnpdyfgxms rckniiclb tdgt tdc burgtmnl nj tdc prnpdyfgxms brua sdnufb LNR cxkccb 82 dnurs. Gltmhmntmks amvcl gjtcr tdgt bn lnt dgvc g smalm﬇kglt hclc﬇t glb rms` nj gbvcrsc cvclts glb knipfmkgtmnls mlkrcgsc hcynlb tdgt pcrmnb. Rdc prnpdyfgktmk bnsc nj gltmhmntmk ms usugffy bnuhfc tdc rckniiclbcb bnsc P:1Y. Rdc bnsc sdnufb hc gbimlmstcrcb prmnr tn suracry sukd tdgt tdc pcg` knlkcltrgtmnl nkkurs gt tdc tmic nj tg`mla tdc mlkmsmnl. Gvcrgac pcg` scrui fcvcfs grc rcgkdcb :? -78? imlutcs gjtcr nrgf gbimlmstrgtmnl nj ginxmkmffml glb miicbmgtcfy gjtcr mltrgvclnus gbimlmstrgtmnl nj ginxmkmffml P:4,:=Y. Rdcrcjnrc, nrgf ginxmkmffml 7 argi (bnuhfc tdc tdcrgpcutmk bnsc nj 3?? ia) ms rckniiclbcb gt fcgst 7 dnur prmnr tn suracry (gs tdc fcvcfs pcg` gt ghnut :?‛78? imlutcs gjtcr gbimlmstrgtmnl)) grc kgscs bnlc ulbcr fnkgf glgcstdcsmg. imlmstrgtmnl Mltrgvclnus (MZ) gltmhmntmks kgl hc amvcl eust prmnr tn nr g jcw imlutcs prmnr tn tg`mla tdc mlkmsmnl gs miicbmgtcfy dmad fcvcfs grc gttgmlcb ml tdc hfnnb. MZ


8?72 Znf. 2 Ln. 857 bnm5 7?.;48;/124

gbimlmstrgtmnl ms uscjuf ml kgscs bnlc ulbcr aclcrgf glgcstdcsmg knlvclmcltfy gbimlmstcrcb gt tdc tmic nj mlbuktmnl. Rdc knlkcpt nj gltmhmntmk rc-bnsmla igy hc gppfmkghfc tn knipfcx suracrmcs nj fnlacr burgtmnls wdmkd ms rgrc ml usugf bcltgf prgktmkc. Ssc nj iuftmpfc bruas dgvc lnt hccl jnulb tn hc hclc﬇kmgf P::Y. Rn Rn Ml pgtmclts wdn grc gffcramk tn pclmkmffml, kfmlbgiykml igy hc uscb P32,1?‛18Y.

_cbmgtrmk knlsmbcrgtmnls Dcgftdy pgcbmgtrmk pnpufgtmnl rcqumrc tdc sgic knlsmbcrgtmnl gs dcgftdy gbufts. Rdcrc ms njtcl imsusc nj gltmhmntmks ml trcgtmla kdmfbrcl P83Y P83Y.. Rdcy grc kniinlfy nvcr-prcskrmhcb glb nvcr/ulbcrbnscb. Inrc njtcl, bcltmsts amvc ml tn rcqucst jrni tdc pgrclt glb ﬇ff g prcskrmptmnl jnr gltmhmntmk cvcl wdcl lnt bc﬇lmtcfy mlbmkgtcb.

Gltmhmntmk usgac ml kniprnimscb pgtmclts Rdc rgtmnlgfc hcdmlb usmla gltmhmntmks ml icbmkgffy kniprnimscb pgtmclts wmtd miiulc bcjckt ms tdgt tdcy grc gt g dmadcr rms` nj mljcktmnl glb mljcktmnls grc inrc bmj﬇kuft tn iglgac ml tdms arnup nj pgtmclts P7;,31Y. [tubmcs ml tdms pnpufgtmnl wmtdnut gltmhmntmks ms lnt pnssmhfc lnr ctdmkgf. Rdc usc nj gltmhmntmks wdcl uscb rgtmnlgffy igy hc hclc﬇kmgf ml tdms arnup nj pgtmclts. Ml lcutrnpclmk pgtmclts gltmhmntmk prnpdyfgxms ms rckniiclbcb hy snic cspckmgffy wdcl ghsnfutc lcutrnpdmf knult (GLK) brnp hcfnw 7???-73??/imkrnfmtrc P2:,1;‛1:Y, wdmfc ntdcrs jccf mt's lnt rckniiclbcb P11Y. Ml aclcrgf g bc﬇lmtc aumbcfmlc/rckniiclbgtmnl ms fgk`mla ml tdms rcagrb. P14Y. [n, tdc bckmsmnl dgs tn hc igbc nl g kgsc hy kgsc hgsms ml knlsuftgtmnl wmtd tdc trcgtmla pdysmkmgl/icbmkgf cxpcrt. Rdcsc pgtmclts hclc﬇t wmtd g hgktcrmkmbgf brua gs tdcmr miiulc systci igy lnt hc ghfc tn kfcgr tdc mljcktmnl cj﬇kmcltfy wmtd hgktcrmnstgtmk bruas P8?Y.

77


Knlsmbcrgtmnl jnr kdcinprnpdyfgxms ml kcrtgml systcimk knlbmtmnls Hgktcrcimg nkkurs wdclcvcr tdcrc ms iglmpufgtmnl nj amlamvgf tmssuc, mltcarmty nj tdc iuknsgf hgrrmcr ms hrcgkdcb glb burmla clbnbnltmk mlstruicltgtmnl. Rdms kgl hc pntcltmgffy bglacrnus ml pgtmclts wmtd prnstdctmk kgrbmgk vgfvcs nr ultrcgtcb kgrbmgk vgfvc/scptgf bcjckts glb ml pgtmclts wmtd gffnargjt prnstdctmk enmlts. Rdc mlbmkgtmnls jnr mljcktmvc clbnkgrbmtms prnpdyfgxms grc knlstgltfy hcmla rcvmscb. Xcamnlgf vgrmgtmnls cxmst ml tdc rckniiclbgtmnls tdrnuad tdc wnrfb glb tdc bcltmst sdnufb jnffnw tdc fgtcst rcamnlgf/lgtmnlgf aumbcfmlcs wdcl prcsclt. Mt igy hc prubclt tn knlsuft wmtd tdc trcgtmla pdysmkmgl hcjnrc gly prnkcburc ms pfgllcb nr rcjcr tn gly kgrb/pgipdfct wmtd mlstruktmnl tdgt tdc pgtmclt igy kgrry gs ms kustnigry ml kcrtgml pgrts nj tdc wnrfb. Hut nvcr tdc pgst jcw ycgrs tdc pgtmclts jnr wdni mljcktmvc clbnkgrbmtms prnpdyfgxms ms rckniiclbcb dgs hccl bckrcgscb P1=‛4;Y. Rdms ms buc tn tdc fgk` nj bc﬇lmtc cvmbclkc fml`mla mljcktmvc clbnkgrbmtms glb tdc bcltgf prnkcburcs P42‛41Y. Rdc strcss dgs hccl pfgkcb nl kuiufgtmvc hgktcrcimg tdgt nkkurs buc tn bgmfy gktmvmtmcs fm`c hrusdmla glb ﬈nssmla inrc tdgl tdc hgktcrcimg tdgt nkkurs buc tn bcltgf prnkcburcs P4?,48,42Y. Igmltgmlmla nrgf dcgftd ml tdcsc gt-rms` pgtmclts kgl bckrcgsc nkkurrclkc nj mljcktmvc clbnkgrbmtms P4?,48,4;Y. Xckclt aumbcfmlcs jnr gltmhmntmk prnpdyfgxms ml pgtclts wmtd prnstdctmk enmlts dgs hccl mssucb wdmkd gfsn rckniiclbs gagmlst tdc rnutmlc prgktmkc nj gltmhmntmk prnpdyfgxms ml tdcsc pgtmclts buc tn mlsuj﬇kmclt cvmbclkc jnr fml`mla bcltgf prnkcburcs tn pcrmprnstdctmk mljcktmnls P44,4=Y. Rdc rckniiclbgtmnl ms jnr igmltclglkc nj annb nrgf dyamclc. G bctgmfcb bmskussmnl nj tdcsc spckmgf tnpmks ms hcynlb tdc sknpc nj tdms grtmkfc glb tdc rcgbcr ms clknurgacb tn rcgb tdrnuad tdc rcjcrclkcs kmtcb jnr g bctgmfcb bmskussmnl.

78

8?72 Znf. 2 Ln. 857 bnm5 7?.;48;/124

Knlkfusmnl Rn suiigrmsc, tdc bc﬇lmtmvc mlbmkgtmnls jnr gltmhmntmks ml bcltmstry grc fmimtcb glb spckm﬇k (scc Rghfc 2). Inst nbnltnaclmk mljcktmnls kgl hc iglgacb hy rcinvgf nj tdc jnkus nj mljcktmnl glb tdcy rcspnlb wcff tn spckm﬇k fmimtcb grsclgf nj gltmhmntmks fm`c ginxmkmffml glb ictrnlmbgznfc. Gpprnprmgtc gltmhmntmk stcwgrbsdmp glb rgtmnlgf prcskrmptmnl nj gltmhmntmks hy bcltmsts ms uracltfy lccbcb ml vmcw nj tdc pglbcimk mssuc nj gltmimkrnhmgf rcsmstglkc. rcsmstglkc. Cbukgtmnl ml tdms rcagrb ms lckcssgry lckcssgr y burmla tdc trgmlmla gs wcff gs ml knltmlumla bcltgf cbukgtmnl prnargis tn kurh gltmhmntmk ghusc.

Xcjcrclkcs 7. QDN | QDN”s ﬇rst afnhgf afnh gf rcpnrt nl gltmhmntmk rcsmstglkc rcvcgfs scrmnus, wnrfbwmbc tdrcgt tn puhfmk dcgftd PMltcrlctY. QDN. Pkmtcb 8?72 8?7 2 Igy 8Y. Gvgmfghfc jrni5 dttp5// www.wdn.mlt/icbmgkcltrc/ lcws/rcfcgscs/8?72/gir-rcpnrt/cl/ 8. Anub [X, Lgacsd F, Jcrlglbcs [. Grc wc cfmimlgtmla kurcs wmtd gltmhmntmk ghusc> G stuby ginla bcltmsts. Lmacr. E Kfml _rgkt 8?780735737‛3. ;. Inrrnw [. Ssc glb Ghusc nj gltmhmntmks. Gi. Gssnk. Clbnbnltmsts - Knffcgaucs Cxkcff. Lcwsf. PMltcrlctY. Qmltcr. 8?78 Pkmtcb 8?72 Eul 8;Y0 Gvgmfghfc jrni5 dttp5//www.ggc. nra/upfngbcbjmfcs/puhfmkgtmnls^glb^rcscgrkd/clbnbnltmks^ knffcgaucs^jnr^cxkcffclkc^lcwsfcttcr/ckjcwmltc knffcgaucs^jnr^cxkc ffclkc^lcwsfcttcr/ckjcwmltcr7 r78﬇lgf.pbj 8﬇lgf.pbj 2. Bgr-Nbcd L[, Ghu-Dgiigb NG, Gf-Nimrm I@, @drgmsgt G[, [dcdghm GG. Gltmhmntmk prcskrmhmla prgktmkcs hy bcltmsts5 g rcvmcw. Rdcr Kfml Xms` Iglga 8?7?0:5;?7‛:. 3. [gfg`n LN, Xntmim ZN, Gbmh [I, Gf-Iutgwg [. _gttcrl nj gltmhmntmk prcskrmptmnl ml tdc iglgaciclt nj nrgf bmscgscs ginla bcltmsts ml @uwgmt. E Bclt. 8??20;853?;‛=. :. Jmfnkdc [, Qnla F, [mssnls KD. Nrgf Hm n﬇fis5 Cicramla Knlkcpts Knlkcpts ml Imkrnhmgf Cknfnay. E. Bclt Xcs 8?7?04=54‛74. 8?7?04=54‛74. 1. Xuhy E, Hgrhcgu E. Rdc hukkgfc puzzfc5 Rdc syihmntmk lgturc nj clbnaclnus mljcktmnls nj tdc nrgf kgvmty. Kgl E Mljckt Bms 8??807;5;2‛27. 4. Knstcrtnl EQ. Mltrnbuktmnl tn hmn﬇fi. Mlt E Gltmimkrnh Gaclts 7===07758 7===07 75871‛887 71‛88700 bmskuss bmskussmnl mnl 8;1‛8;=. =. [cgacr EI, Dnwcff-Enlcs X[, Bulstgl JB, Fcwms I g. N, Xmkdinlb [, Rdnigs BQ. G rglbnimscb knltrnffcb trmgf nj kfmlmkgf nutrcgkd cbukgtmnl tn rgtmnlgfmsc gltmhmntmk prcskrmhmla jnr gkutc bcltgf pgml ml tdc prmigry kgrc scttmla. Hr Bclt E 8??:08?75871‛88. 7?. Jnugb GJ. Grc gltmhmntmks cjjcktmvc jnr clbnb nltmk pgml> Clbnb. Rnp. 8??80;538‛::.




77. Knpc G, Jrglkms L, Qnnb J, Igll I@, Kdcstlutt MA. [ystcimk gltmhmntmks jnr syiptnigtmk gpmkgf pcrmnbnltmtms glb gkutc gpmkgf ghskcss ml gbufts. Knkdrglc Bgtghgsc [yst. Xcv. 8?720:5KB?7?7;:. 78. Enscpd E, Xnbvnfb Xnb vnfb @G. Rdc rnfc nj kgrhgpclcis ml tdc trcgticlt nj scvcrc lnsnknimgf rcspmrgtnry trgkt mljcktmnls. Cxpcrt Npml. _dgrigkntdcr. 8??40 =53:7‛13. 7;. Lcwigl IA, Qml`cfdnjj GE vgl. Gltmhmntmk glb gltmimkrnhmgf usc ml bcltgf b cltgf prgktmkc. Wumltcssclkc _uh Kn.0 8??7. 72. Hrgttnl RG, Egk`snl BK, Lùlaufg-Dnwfctt R, Qmffmgis KQ, Hcllctt KX. Iglgaciclt nj knipfcx iuftm-spgkc nbnltnaclmk mljcktmnls. E Rcl Rcll l Bclt Gssnk G ssnk 8??80485;=‛21 8??80485;=‛ 21.. Ruk`cr `cr IX. Knltcipnrg Knltcipnrgry ry Nrgf glb Igxmffnjgkmgf 73. I.B EXD, Ruk [uracry. Cfscvmcr [kmclkc Dcgftd [kmclkc Bmvmsmnl0 8?7;. 7:. _ctcrsnl FE. Knltcipnrgry iglgaciclt nj bccp mljcktmnls nj tdc lck`. E Nrgf Igxmffnjgk [ura 7==;037588:‛;7. 71.. _nvcbg Xnbg X, Hgaçl EZ, [glkdms Hmcfsg EI, Kgrhnlcff _gstnr C. 71 Gltmhmntmk usc ml bcltgf prgktmkc5 G rcvmcw. Icb. Nrgf _gtnf. Nrgf Kmr. Hukgf Mltcrlct 8??1078574:‛=8. 74. Hrcskû-[gfmlgs I, Knstg-Xmu L, Hcrmlm-Gytís F, Agy-Csknbg K. Gltmhmntmk suskcptmhmfmty nj tdc hgktcrmg kgusmla nbnltnaclmk mljcktmnls. Icb Nrgf _gtnf Nrgf Kmr Hukgf 8??:0775C1?‛13. 7=. Hrgttnl RG, Egk`snl BK, Lùlaufg-Dnwfctt R, Qmffmgis KQ, Hcllctt KX. Iglgaciclt nj knipfcx iuftm-spgkc nbnltnaclmk mljcktmnls. E. Rc Rcll. ll. Bclt. Gssnk. G ssnk. 8??80485;=‛21 8??80485;=‛ 21.. 8?. Iglm L, Arnss KD, _grsnls EB, Dglzcf`g H, Iöd S, Iuffml [, ct gf. Ml Zmtrn Kdgrgktcrmzgtmnl nj tdc Gltmhgktcrmgf [pcktrui nj Lnvcf Hgktcrmgf Rypc MM Rnpnmsnicrgsc Mldmhmtnrs nj tdc Gimlnhclzmimbgznfc Kfgss. Gltmimkrnh Gaclts Kdcintdcr 8??:03?57884‛;1. 87. Imfnrn I, Fgrscl Fgrs cl _. _. _ctcrsnl”s _rmlkmpfcs nj Nrgf glb Igxmffnjgkmgf [uracry. _I_D-S[G0 8??2. 88. Bgrginfg NN, Jfglgagl KC, Igmscf XD, Nbfglb XI. Bmgalnsms glb trcgticlt nj bccp lck` spgkc ghskcsscs. Ntnfgrylanf.-Dcgb Lck` [ura. Njj. E. Gi. Gkgb. Ntnfgrylanf.-Dcgb Lck` [ura. 8??=0727 8??=072757 578;‛;? 8;‛;?.. 8;. Fuifcy _. _clmkmffml bncs lnt prnvmbc cjjcktmvc pgml rcfmcj jnr ultrcgtcb mrrcvcrsmhfc pufpmtms. Cvmb. Hgscb Bclt. 8??80;518‛18. 8??80;518‛18. 82. Lgafc B, Xcgbcr G, Hck` I, Qcgvcr E. Cjjckt nj systcimk pclmkmffml nl pgml ml ultrcgtcb mrrcvcrsmhfc pufpmtms. Nrgf [ura. Nrgf Icb. Nrgf _gtdnf. Nrgf Xgbmnf. Clbnb. 8???0=?5:;:‛2?. 83. _ccbm`gymf J. J. Gltmhmntmks5 Ssc glb imsusc ml pcbmgtrmk bcltmstry. E Mlbmgl [nk _cbnb _rcv Bclt 8?7708=5848. 8:. [dctty BL. Imb trcgticlt ﬈grc-ups ml clbnbnltmks ‛ G bmfciig. ClbnbnltnfnayMlbmgl Clbnb. [nk. PMltcrlctY. 8??3 Pkmtcb 8?72 Eul 8;Y071. Gvgmfghfc jrni5 dttp5//cprmlts.iglmpgf.cbu/77=8/ 81.Xnsclhcra _G. Kfmlmkgf strgtcamcs jnr iglgamla clbnbnltmk pgml. Clbnb. Rnp. 8??80;514‛=8. 84. Bmhgrt [. _rgktmkgf Gbvglkcb _crmnbnltgf [uracry. Endl Qmfcy & [nls0 8?7 8?77. 7. 8=. Mlafc EM, Hg`fglb F@, Hguiagrtlcr EK. Mlafc”s Clbnbnltmks :. _I_D-S[G0 8??4. ;?. _cbfgr E, Jrgic EQ. Nrgf glb Igxmffnjgkmgf Igxmffnjgkmgf [uracry5 Gl NhecktmvcNhecktm vcHgscb Rcxthnn`. Cfscvmcr Dcgftd [kmclkcs0 8??1. ;7. Imtkdcff F, Imtkdcff BG. Nxjnrb Dglbhnn` nj Kfmlmkgf Bcltmstry. Nxjnrb Slmvcrsmty _rcss0 8??=.


8?72 Znf. 2 Ln. 857 bnm5 7?.;48;/124

;8. Xnsclhcra _G. Clbnbnltmk _gml5 Bmgalnsms, Kguscs, _rcvcltmnl glb Rrcgticlt. [prmlacr0 8?72. ;;. Inltcmrn GZ, Xmhcmrn JZ, Kgsgrml XKZ, Kmrgln JX, _micltcf [_, Kgsgtm IU. Cvgfugtmnl nj tdc usc nj systcimk gltmimkrnhmgf gaclts hy prnjcssmnlgfs jnr tdc trcgticlt nj pcrmnbnltgf bmscgscs. Hrgz E Nrgf [km 8?7;0785843‛=7. ;2. Gbby I, Igrtml IZ. [ystcimk gltmimkrnhmgfs ml tdc trcgticlt nj kdrnlmk pcrmnbnltgf bmscgscs5 g bmfciig. Nrgf Bms 8? ?;0= [uppf 75;4‛22. ;3. Lcwigl IA, Rg`cm D, @fn``cvnfb _X, Kgrrglzg JG. Kgrrglzg”s Kfmlmkgf _crmnbnltnfnay. Cfscvmcr Dcgftd [kmclkcs0 8?77. ;:. Rgyfnr AQ. Hmbmrcktmnlgf mltcrrcfgtmnlsdmps hctwccl bmghctcs glb pcrmnbnltgf bmscgscs5 gl cpmbcimnfnamk pcrspcktmvc. Gll _crmnbnltnf Gi Gkgb _crmnbnltnf 8??70:5==‛778. ;1.N”Knllcff _GG, Rghg I, Lnimzn G, Jnss Jrcmtgs IK, [ugmb JG, Syciurg [G, ct gf. Cjjckts nj pcrmnbnltgf tdcrgpy nl afykcimk knltrnf glb ml﬈giigtnry igr`crs. E _crmnbnltnf 8??401 8?? 401=511 =5112‛ 2‛ 4;. ;4. Rccuw QE, Acrbcs ZCG, Fnns HA. Cjjckt nj _crmnbnltgf Rrcgticlt Rrc gticlt nl Afykcimk Knltrnf nj Bmghctmk _gtmclts G systcigtmk rcvmcw glb ictg-glgfysms. Bmghctcs Kgrc 8?7?0;;5287‛1. ;=. Mwgintn ], Lmsdmiurg J, Lg`gagwg I, [uamintn D, [dm`gtg @, Ig`mln D, ct gf. Rdc cjjckt nj gltmimkrnhmgf pcrmnbnltgf trcgticlt nl kmrkufgtmla tuinr lckrnsms jgktnr-gfpdg glb afykgtcb dcinafnhml fcvcf ml pgtmclts wmtd typc 8 bmghctcs. E _crmnbnltnf 8??70185112‛4. 2?. Arnssm [A, [`rcpkmls`m JH, BcKgrn R, Xnhcrtsnl BK, Dn GQ, Buljnrb XA, ct gf. Rrcgticlt Rrcgticlt nj pcrmnbnltgf bmscgsc ml bmghctmks rcbukcs afykgtcb dcinafnhml. E _crmnbnltnf 7==1 7==10:451 0:4517;‛=. 7;‛=. 27. Gmicttm I, Xnigln J, Auzzm L, Kgrlcvgfc A. Juff-inutd bmsmljcktmnl glb systcimk gltmimkrnhmgf tdcrgpy ml aclcrgfmzcb gaarcssmvc pcrmnbnltmtms5 g rglbnimzcb, pfgkchn-knltrnffcb trmgf. E Kfml _crmnbnltnf 8?7 8?780;=5842‛=2. 80;=5842‛=2. 28. Qml`cf CA, Zgl Qml`cfdnjj G E, Rmiicrigl IJ, Zgl bcr Zcfbcl S, Zgl bcr Qcmebcl AG. Ginxmkmffml pfus ictrnlmbgznfc ml tdc trcgticlt nj gbuft pcrmnbnltmtms pgtmclts. G bnuhfc-hfmlb pfgkchn-knltrnffcb stuby. E. Kfml. _crmnbnltnf. 8??708458=:‛ ;?3. 2;. Zgl Qml`cfdnjj GE, Rmednj KE, bc Arggjj E. Imkrnhmnfnamkgf glb kfmlmkgf rcsufts nj ictrnlmbgznfc pfus ginxmkmffml tdcrgpy ml Gktmlnhgkmffus gktmlniykctciknimtgls-gssnkmgtcb pcrmnbnltmtms. E _crmnbnltnf 7==80:;538‛1. 22. Tgemacnramnu K, [g`cffgrm B, [fmlm R, Hg`g G, @nlstgltmlmbms G. Kfmlmkgf glb imkrnhmnfnamkgf cjjckts nj bmjjcrclt gltmimkrnhmgfs nl aclcrgfmzcb gaarcssmvc pcrmnbnltmtms. E Kfml _crmnbnltnf 8??:0;;5832‛:2. 23. Gdueg G, Hgmeu K, Gdueg Z. Xnfc nj gltmhmntmks ml aclcrgfmzcb gaarcssmvc pcrmnbnltmtms5 G rcvmcw nj kfmlmkgf trmgfs ml duigls. E Mlbmgl [nk _crmnbnltnf 8?7807:5;71. 2:. Hur`ct FQ. Hur`ct”s Nrgf Icbmkmlc5 Bmgalnsms glb Rrcgticlt. _I_D-S[G0 8??;. 21.Fmlbdc E, Fgla L_ L_,, @grrmla R. Kfmlmkgf _crmnbnltnfnay glb Mipfglt Bcltmstry, 8 Znfuics. Qmfcy0 8??4. 24. Dcmtz-Igy﬇cfb F. [ystcimk gltmhmntmks ml pcrmnbnltgf tdcrgpy. Gust. Bclt. E. 8??=0325[=:‛[7?7.

7;


@n bgig R, @nanu R, Jusdmim D, [uamygig R, Rg`cukdm Rg`cukdm 2=. Imlghc I, @nbgig @, ct gf. Kfmlmkgf smalm﬇kglkc nj gltmhmntmk tdcrgpy ml aumbcb tmssuc rcaclcrgtmnl wmtd g rcsnrhghfc icihrglc. _crmnbnltgf Kfml Mlvcstma, Njj _uhf Lnrtdcgst. [nk _crmnbnltmsts. 8??708;58?‛;?. 3?. [kufcgl G, Hfgcs G, Grwcmfcr L, Xcmkd C, Bnlns L, Hrckx I. Rdc cjjckt nj pnstsuramkgf gltmhmntmks nl tdc dcgfmla nj mltrghnly bcjckts jnffnwmla trcgticlt wmtd clgicf igtrmx prntcmls. E _crmnbnltnf 8??701857=?‛3. 37. Fnns HA, Fnuwcrsc _DA, Zgl Qml`cfdnjj GE, Huracr Q, Amfmegisc I, Dgrt G g. I, ct gf. Ssc nj hgrrmcr icihrglcs glb systcimk gltmhmntmks ml tdc trcgticlt nj mltrgnsscnus bcjckts. E Kfml _crmnbnltnf 8??808=5=7?‛87. 38. _nwcff KG, Icgfcy HF, Bcgs BC, IkBnllcff DR, Inrmtz GE. _nst-suramkgf mljcktmnls5 prcvgfclkc gssnkmgtcb wmtd vgrmnus pcrmnbnltgf suramkgf prnkcburcs. E _crmnbnltnf 8??301 8??301:5;8=‛;;. :5;8=‛;;. 3;. _guf _, _, Qmffmgis H. Hrullcr & [ubbgrtd”s Rcxthnn` nj Kglgbmgl Icbmkgf-suramkgf Lursmla. Fmppmlkntt Qmffmgis & Qmf`mls0 8??=. 32. Aucrrcrn E[. Ssc nj prnpdyfgktmk gltmhmntmk tdcrgpy ml nrgf suramkgf prnkcburcs5 g krmtmkgf rcvmcw. E Kgfmj. Bclt Gssnk 8??40;:5=2;‛ 3?. 33. @gkzigrzy` R. Ghusc nj gltmhmntmk prnpdyfgxms ml tdmrb infgr suracrmcs. E. Nrgf Igxmffnjgk. [ura. Njj. E. Gi. Gssnk. Nrgf Igxmffnjgk. [ura. 8??=0:158337‛8. 3:. [glkdn-_ukdgbcs I, Dcrrçcz-Zmfgs EI, Hcrmlm-Gytís F, AgyCsknbg K. Gltmhmntmk prnpdyfgxms tn prcvclt fnkgf mljcktmnl ml Nrgf [uracry5 usc nr ghusc> Icb. Nrgf _gtnf. Nrgf Kmr Hukgf 8??=0725C84‛;;. 31.Fnbm A, Jmamlm F, [grbcffg G, Kgrrgssm G, Bcf Jghhrn I, Jurlcss [. Gltmhmntmks tn prcvclt knipfmkgtmnls jnffnwmla tnntd cxtrgktmnls. Knkdrglc Bgtghgsc [yst. Xcv. PMltcrlctY. Endl Qmfcy & [nls, Ftb0 7==: Pkmtcb 8?72 Eul 82Y. Gvgmfghfc jrni5 dttp5//nlfmlcfmhrgry. wmfcy.kni/bnm/7?.7??8/72:37434.KB??;477.puh8/ghstrgkt 34. Cspnsmtn I, Arusnvml IA, Qnrtdmlatnl DZ. Mltcrvcltmnls jnr rcpfgkmla imssmla tcctd5 gltmhmntmks gt bcltgf mipfglt pfgkciclt tn prcvclt knipfmkgtmnls. Knkdrglc Bgtghgsc [yst. Xcv. 8?7;015KB??2738. 3=. Gdigb L, [ggb L. Cjjckts nj Gltmhmntmks nl Bcltgf Mipfglts5 G Xcvmcw. E. Kfml. Icb. Xcs. 8?780257‛:. :?. Rg Rgl l QK, Nla I, Dgl E, Igttdcns L, _ecturssnl HC, Rsgm G]-I, G]-I, ct gf. Cjjckt nj systcimk gltmhmntmks nl kfmlmkgf glb pgtmclt-rcpnrtcb nutknics nj mipfglt tdcrgpy - g iuftmkcltcr rglbnimzcb knltrnffcb kfmlmkgf trmgf. Kfml Nrgf Mipfglts Xcs 8?720835 8?720835743‛=;. 743‛=;. :7. Gltmhmntmk glb Gltmimkrnhmgf Ssc ml Bcltgf _rgktmkc, [cknlb Cbmtmnl PMltcrlctY. Pkmtcb 8?72 Eul 8;Y. Gvgmfghfc jrni5 dttp5// www.qumltpuh.kni/bmspfgy^bctgmf.pdp;>psù9H;=1?#. S:dpnDEiNQ4 :8. Kdnfc XG, ]cc E. Gltmhmntmk prnpdyfgxms jnr jgkmgf jrgkturcs. G prnspcktmvc, rglbnimzcb kfmlmkgf trmgf. Grkd Ntnfgrylanf Dcgb Lck` [ura 7=41077;57?33‛1. :;. Fgubcr G, Egfmsm [, [pmcacf E, [trgi E, Bcvgmgd G. Gltmhmntmk prnpdyfgxms ml tdc iglgaciclt nj knipfcx imbjgkc glb jrnltgf smlus trguig. Rdc Fgrylansknpc 8?7?078?57=2?‛3. :2. Fgubcr G, Bcvgmgd G. Gltmhmntmk prnpdyfgxms ml tdc suramkgf iglgaciclt nj jgkmgf trguig. Rdc Fgrylansknpc 8?7?078? [uppf 25[8;8.

72

8?72 Znf. 2 Ln. 857 bnm5 7?.;48;/124

:3. Fnvgtn K, Qgalcr EB. Mljcktmnl rgtcs jnffnwmla pcrmnpcrgtmvc prnpdyfgktmk gltmhmntmks vcrsus pnstnpcrgtmvc cxtclbcb rcamicl prnpdyfgktmk gltmhmntmks ml suramkgf iglgaciclt nj iglbmhufgr jrgkturcs. E Nrgf Igxmffnjgk [ura , Njj E Gi. Gssnk Nrgf Igxmffnjgk [ura 8??=0:15481‛;8. ::. Rnpgzmgl XA, Anfbhcra ID, Dupp EX. Nrgf glb igxmffnjgkmgf mljcktmnls. Q.H. [gulbcrs Kn.0 8??8. :1.Imskd KC. Knltcipnrgry Mipfglt Bcltmstry. Cfscvmcr Dcgftd [kmclkcs0 8??4. :4. Gbgigl J, J, An`scl J, Arnfml E, N”Hrmcl I, [cmppcf N, Uclamlnhuz CS. Mltcargtmla glb Grtmkufgtmla Clvmrnliclts. KXK _rcss0 8??;. :=. Xny E. Gl Mltrnbuktmnl tn _dgrigkcutmkgf [kmclkcs5 _rnbuktmnl, Kdcimstry, Rckdlmqucs glb Rckdl1?. Jmlc BD, Dgiinlb HJ, Fncskdc QE. Kfmlmkgf usc nj gltmhmntmks ml bcltgf prgktmkc. Mlt E Gltmimkrnh Gaclts 7==40=58;3‛4. 17. _ctcrsnl FE. Gltmhmntmk prnpdyfgxms gagmlst wnulb mljcktmnls ml nrgf glb igxmffnjgkmgf suracry. E Nrgf Igxmffnjgk [ura, Njj E Gi Gssnk Nrgf Igxmffnjgk [ura 7==?0245:71‛8?. 7==?0245:71‛8?. 18. _nvcbg Xnbg X, Hgagl EZ, E Z, [glkdms Hmcfsg EI, Kgrhnlcff _gstnr C. Gltmhmntmk usc ml bcltgf prgktmkc. G rcvmcw. Icb Nrgf _gtnf Nrgf Kmr Hukgf Huk gf 8??10 8? ?10785C 785C74:‛7=8. 74:‛7=8. 1;. Bgvmcs G, Cpstcml E. Nrgf Knipfmkgtmnls nj Kglkcr glb Mts Iglgaciclt. Nxjnrb Slmvcrsmty _rcss0 8?7?. 12. _ctcrsnl BC, [nlms [R. Nrgf Knipfmkgtmnls nj Kglkcr Kdcintdcrgpy. Kdcintdcrg py. [prmlacr [kmclkc & Husmlcss Icbmg0 7=4;. 13. Lgtmnlgf Aumbcfmlc Kfcgrmladnusc (LAK). Aumbcfmlc nl gltmhmntmk prnpdyfgxms jnr bcltgf pgtmclts gt rms` jnr mljcktmnl. PMltcrlctY. Gvgmfghfc jrni5 dttp5//www.aumbcfmlc.anv/knltclt. gspx>mb9;21:: 1:. Nrgf Knipfmkgtmnls nj Kdcintdcrgpy Kdcintdcrgpy glb Dcgb/ Lck` Xgbmgtmnl (_BW® PMltcrlctY. Lgtf. Kglkcr Mlst. Pkmtcb 8?72 8?72 Euf 8=Y. Gvgmfghfc jrni5 dttp5//www.kglkcr.anv/kglkcrtnpmks/pbq/suppnrtmvckgrc/ nrgfknipfmkgtmnls/Dcgftd_rnjcssmnlgf/pgac; 11. Kcltcrs jnr Bmscgsc Knltrnf glb _rcvcltmnl, Mljcktmnus Bmscgsc [nkmcty nj Gicrmkg, Gicrmkgl [nkmcty nj Hfnnb glb Igrrnw Rrglspfgltgtmnl. Aumbcfmlcs jnr prcvcltmla nppnrtulmstmk mljcktmnls ginla dcigtnpnmctmk stci kcff trglspfglt rckmpmclts. IIQX Xckniiclbgtmnl . Q`fy Xcp Xcknii. Xcp Kclt Bms Knltrnf 8?? 8???02=57‛7 ?02=57‛783, 83, KC7‛ KC7‛1. 1. 14. Fnk`dgrt _H, Hrcllgl IR, Jnx _K, Lnrtnl DE, Ecrlmagl BH, [trgushguad FE. Bckmsmnl-Ig`mla nl tdc Ssc nj Gltmimkrnhmgf _rnpdyfgxms jnr Bcltgf _rnkcburcs5 G [urvcy nj Mljcktmnus Bmscgsc Knlsuftglts glb Xcvmcw. Kfml Mljckt Bms 8??80;257:87‛:. 8??80;257:87‛:. 1=. Hnhdgtc _, _mltn XE. [uiigry nj tdc lcw aumbcfmlcs jnr prcvcltmnl nj Mljcktmvc Clbnkgrbmtms5 Mipfmkgtmnls jnr tdc bcvcfnpmla knultrmcs. Gll _cbmgtr Kgrbmnf 8??40753:‛ 8??40753:‛ 4. 4?. Kcltrc jnr Kfmlmkgf _rgktmkc gt LMKC (S@). _rnpdyfgxms Gagmlst Mljcktmvc Clbnkgrbmtms5 Gltmimkrnhmgf _rnpdyfgxms Gagmlst Mljcktmvc Clbnkgrbmtms ml Gbufts glb Kdmfbrcl Slbcranmla Mltcrvcltmnlgf _rnkcburcs PMltcrlctY. Fnlbnl5 Lgtmnlgf Mlstmtutc jnr Dcgftd glb Kfmlmkgf Cxkcffclkc (S@)0 8?? 4 Pkmtcb 8?72 Euf 72Y. 72Y. Gvgmfghfc jrni5 dttp5//w ww.lkhm.lfi. ww.lkhm.lfi.lmd.anv/hnn`s/ lmd.anv/hnn`s/ LH@37 LH@3714=/ 14=/ 47. Dghmh A, Dncl Dn cl H, Rnrlns _, Rduly J, _rclbcragst H, Zmfgknstg M, ct gf. Aumbcfmlcs nl tdc prcvcltmnl, bmgalnsms, glb trcgticlt nj mljcktmvc clbnkgrbmtms (lcw vcrsmnl 8?? =) Rdc Rgs` Jnrkc nl tdc




_rcvcltmnl, Bmgalnsms, glb Rrcgticlt nj Mljcktmvc Clbnkgrbmtms nj tdc Curnpcgl [nkmcty nj Kgrbmnfnay (C[K). Cur Dcgrt E 8??=0cdp843. 48. Xgdigl L, Xnacrs [, Xygl B, Dcgfy K, Jfmlt [. Mljcktmvc clbnkgrbmtms prnpdyfgxms glb tdc kurrclt GDG, H[GK, LMKC glb Gustrgfmgl aumbcfmlcs. E Mr Bclt Gssnk 8??403258:2‛1?. 4;. Qmfsnl Q, Rguhcrt @G, Acwmtz I, Fnk`dgrt _H, Hgbbnur FI, Fcvmsnl I, ct gf. _rcvcltmnl nj mljcktmvc clbnkgrbmtms5 aumbcfmlcs jrni tdc Gicrmkgl Dcgrt Gssnkmgtmnl5 g aumbcfmlc jrni tdc Gicrmkgl Dcgrt Gssnkmgtmnl Gssn kmgtmnl Xdcuigtmk Jcvcr, Jcvcr, Clbnkgrbmtms, glb @gwgsg`m Bmscgsc Kniimttcc, Knulkmf nl Kgrbmnvgskufgr Bmscgsc ml tdc ]nula, glb tdc Knulkmf nl Kfmlmkgf Kgrbmnfnay, Knulkmf nl Kgrbmnvgskufgr [uracry glb Glcstdcsmg, glb tdc Wugfmty nj Kgrc glb Nutknics Xcscgrkd Mltcrbmskmpfmlgry Qnr`mla Arnup. Kmrkufgtmnl 8??1077:571;:‛32. 42. Aultdcrntd QA. Dnw mipnrtglt grc bcltgf prnkcburcs gs g kgusc nj mljcktmvc clbnkgrbmtms> Gi. E Kgrbmnf 7=4203251=1‛4?7. 7=4203251=1‛4?7. 43. [cyinur XG, Fnwry X, Qdmtwnrtd EI, Igrtml IZ. Mljcktmvc clbnkgrbmtms, bcltmstry glb gltmhmntmk prnpdyfgxms0 tmic jnr g rctdml`> Hr Bclt E 8???074= 8???074=5:7 5:7?‛ ?‛ :. 4:. Fgkgssml J, Dncl H, Fcpnr t K, [cftnl-[uty K, Bcfgdgyc J, Anufct Z, ct gf. _rnkcburcs gssnkmgtcb wmtd mljcktmvc clbnkgrbmtms ml gbufts G kgsc knljrnf stuby. Cur Dcgrt E 7==307:57=:4‛12. 41. [trni HF, Ghrutyl C, Hcrfml EG, @mligl EF, Jcfbigl X[, [tnffcy _B, ct gf. Bcltgf glb Kgrbmgk Xms` Jgktnrs jnr Mljcktmvc Clbnkgrbmtms5 G _npufgtmnl-Hgscb, Kgsc-Knltrnf [tuby. Gll Mltcrl Icb 7==4078=51:7‛=. 44. Dgicbglm [. G Kfmlmkgf _rgktmkc Spbgtc nl tdc Fgtcst GGN[/ GBG Aumbcfmlc (Bckcihcr 8?78) 8?78) nl _rcvcltmnl nj Nrtdnpgcbmk Mipfglt Mljcktmnl ml Bcltgf _gtmclts. E Bclt 8?7;07 8?7;07252=‛38. 252=‛38. 4=. Qgttcrs Q, Xctdigl I_, Dglsnl LH, Ght C, Glbcrsnl _G, Kgrrnff @K, ct gf. _rcvcltmnl nj Nrtdnpgcbmk Mipfglt Mljcktmnl ml _gtmclts Slbcranmla Bcltgf _rnkcburcs. E Gi Gkgb Nrtdnp [ura. 8?7;087574?‛=. =?. Lõ÷cz Ntcrn Z, Fmicrcs _nssc E, Kgrinlg MR, Bmz Bmns _. Cj﬇kgky nj ﬈unrnqumlnfnlcs gagmlst pgtdnaclmk nrgf hgktcrmg. Imlm Xcv Icb Kdci 8??=0=57721‛34. =7. Hcfmvcgu B, Igalussnl M, Hmbwcff EG, Ugpcrt CJ, Gu`dmf M, Qgffct [I, ct gf. Hclc﬇ts nj Cgrfy [ystcimk Gltmhmntmks ml Fnkgfmzcb Gaarcssmvc _crmnbnltmtms. G Xctrnspcktmvc [tuby. E Kfml _crmnbnltnf 8?780;=57?13‛47. =8. Xclvcrt [, Xnns-Eglsã`cr G-I, Kfgjjcy L. Lnl-suramkgf trcgticlt nj pcrm-mipfglt iuknsmtms glb pcrm-mipfgltmtms5 g fmtcrgturc rcvmcw. rcvmcw. E Kfml _crmnbnltnf 8??40;35;?3‛7 8??40;35;?3‛73. 3.


8?72 Znf. 2 Ln. 857 bnm5 7?.;48;/124

Kniiclt nl tdms grtmkfc5

dttp5//icbmkgfmg.nra/

Qdcrc Bnktnrs cxkdglac kfmlmkgf cxpcrmclkcs, rcvmcw tdcmr kgscs glb sdgrc kfmlmkgf `lnwfcbac. ]nu kgl gfsn gkkcss fnts nj icbmkgf puhfmkgtmnls jnr jrcc. Enml Lnw!

_uhfmsd wmtd mIcb_uh dttp5//www.micbpuh.kni Rdc Enurlgf ms gl npcl gkkcss pccr-rcvmcwcb enurlgf tdgt puhfmsdcs skmcltm﬇k pgpcrs ghnut gff gspckts nj gltmimkrnhmgfs. Rdc enurlgf wmff puhfmsd nrmamlgf rcscgrkd grtmkfcs, rcvmcws, hrmcj rcpnrts glb kgsc rcpnrts bcgfmla wmtd hgsmk glb kfmlmkgf gltmhgktcrmgf gaclts, gltmvmrgf, gltmprntnzngfs, gltmtuhcrkufunus, gltmjulagf glb gltmdcfimltdcs gaclts. Gff igluskrmpts iust hc prcpgrcb ml Clafmsd, glb grc suheckt tn g rmanrnus glb jgmr pccr-rcvmcw prnkcss. Gkkcptcb pgpcrs wmff miicbmgtcfy gppcgr nlfmlc. Rdc enurlgf gmis tn gbvglkc tdc `lnwfcbac, gttmtubc glb tdc rcscgrkd nj kdcintdcrgpy ml tdc Grghmk wnrfb ml knnpcrgtmnl wmtd mltcrlgtmnlgf, lgtmnlgf skmcltm﬇k glb puhfmk snkmctmcs gs wcff gs rcscgrkd kcltcrs wmtd smimfgr gmis glb nhecktmvcs. [uhimt ynur igluskrmpt dcrc5 www.mgegg.nra

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