A Golden Guide to Hallucinogenic Plants

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E AMERICAN ATI Q UE GLSS  AT QUES  FISHNG IDIN S  KITES  WINES SO GMS

OLDN ELD IDES BDS O TH 

 ALS OF E WORLD







































HALLUCINOGENIC PANTS b D VS SULS utrt b LM W SM

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FOEOD

Hlluciogec pls ve ee used y m fo tou ss o yers, probl problyy sisice ce e eg eg gt g thei heig g pl ts or foo. e llucioges ve cotiued to eceive the etio of civilize m troug te ges. Re cetly, we ve goe throug  period urig whic so phisticate Wester society hs iscovere" hallucioges, a soe sectors of tht society hve tke up, or o reso or other, te use of suc plts. is te y e estie to cotiue. It is, thereore, importt fo us to ler s uc s we c bout llucoeic plts. A get ody of scietic lerture s bee published bout their uses  thr th r ee eects, cts, but b ut the the i i ormti ormtio o i s ot ote e lo locke cke wy i techicl ourls. The iteested lym s  gt to sou iorto o wich to se is opos. Tis book s bee writte prtly o povie tt kid of ioratio. o er wether we believe that m's ite of llucioes i pimitive or sopisticted societies costitutes use, misuse, or use, llucioeic plts ve udeily plyed  extesive ole i um culture  probly shll cotiue to do so. It follows tht  cle uestdig of tese pysiclly d socily potet gets sould e  pt of 's geel euctio. R. E. . Copyright © 1976 by Western Publishing Comny, Inc All rights reseed, including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the making of copies by any photo press, or by any electronic or mechanical device, printed







































CONTENT What Are Hallucingenic Plants?  Hallucinens in Primitive Sieties Us in M o d r n W   t e r n W o r ld

5 7 10

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Family Tree of the Plant Kngdom Dstributin of allucinogens

12

sit n mp sit Comp call Co C h e m i ca

16

nog ge n s udohh a l l u c i no Pse Ps e udo

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14

20

How Hallucnogens Are Taken O l d W r l d H a l l u ci n g e n s

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21 .

Fly Aaric Mushrm, 2 4  Ara, Ereriba,  8  Kwashi, Glanga, 2  Marihuana, 30  Turkestan Mint, 42  Syrian Rue, 43  Knn, 4 4  Belladna, 4 6  Henban, 4 8  Mandrake, 5 0  Dhatura, 5 2  lba, 5 4

allucc i n  e n s N e w W o r l d H allu Puls,  7  usrooms,  8  Rap dos nos, 7 2 Sweet Flag, 7 3  Virolas, 7 4  ashahari, 8 3  urema, 8 4  Ypo, 8 6  Vilca,  2  Genista,  3  escal Bean,  4  Colorines,  6  Pule,  7  Ayahuasca,  8  Shnshi, 1 0 7  Sinicuchi, 1 0 8  San Pedro, 1 1 0  Peyote, 1 1 4  "False Peytes, 1 2 4  Hier c, 1 2 6 Sacred rning Glories, 1 2 8  ojas de a Pastor, 1 3 7 Coleus, Borrachera, Arbol de ls Brujos, 1 38  Chirc Casp, 1 4 0  Daturas, 1 4 2  Tree Daturas, 1 4 5  Culebra Borrachero, 1 4 8  Shan n Keule, Taiue, 1 50  Tupa, Zacatechichi, 1 5 2 .

Psycharmaclgy

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WHAT ARE HALLUCINOGENIC PANTS?

In hi h i arch for food, arly man trid al a l kind ki nd of plan t . Som So m nourih nouri hdd h m , om, om , h  fo found, cur cur  hi  i l , a nd om kid him. A fw, to hi urpri ha ran c on hi mind and body, min to cary him no othr oth r wol wol..  call th pla plann hall u cinon cinon,, bca bca u thy th y di ditor tortt th n n and uual ly prouc prouc ha h auci ucination nation xprinc that dpart from raliy. Aouh mot halll ucinaion ar viual , thy may l o inv hal involv olv th n of harin, touch, ml, or tatand occaionally vral n imultanouly ar invovd. Th acual cau of uch halucination ar cmical ubtanc in th plant Th ubtanc ar tru narcotic. Contrary to popular opinion, not all narcoic ar danrou and dictiv. Strictly and tymoloically pakin, a narcoic i any ubtanc that ha a  priv ct, whthr liht or rat, on th cnral nrvou ytm. Narcotic that induc allucintion ar variouly clld hallucinoen (hllu (hllu  i to nrtor), py chottom cho omm m t tss ( syc sycos oss s m m ker kers) s) , psycot psycotrxc rxc s (mind diturbr), and pychdlics (mind maniftr). No on trm fuly ati cintit, but halucino n com cot. Pychdlic i mot widly ud in













































































AUCIGES IN RIMITVE SCITIS

allucinon prmat naly vry apct of lif in pimiti ociti. Thy play rol in halth and ick n, pac and war, hom lif and trav, huntin and aricultur; thy act rlation amon individual, villa, and tib. Thy ar blivd to inunc if bfor birth and aftr dath. of hallucinonic plant ar particularly imotant in primitiv ociti Aboriinal popl attribut sickn and halth to th workin of pirit forc. Conquntly, any mdicin that can tranport man to th pirit world i conidrd by many aboriin to b btt than on with purly phyical ct Pych Py chic ic pow hav hav alo al o bn attributd to hallu cinon and hav bcom an intal pat of primitiv rliion. All ovr EDCL N RELIOU UE

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o hlucoes vr from on primitive cultur to nothr. Mny hallucino nic plant ar baic to th initiation rital of adol cnt. Th onquin Indian av an intoxicatin mdi cin, wyoccan, to their youn men, who thn becme violntly deraed or 20 dys. Durin thi priod, thy lot all mmory, tartin manhood by orttin thy had b boy. Th ibo root i Gbo ad capi i th Amazon r also ud i uch ritua. I South Americ, my tribes tke yhuc to or th futur, ttl diput, dciphr my pln, cat or rmove pells, or insur the dlity o thir wome. Snation o deth nd rtio o bod and oul r omtims xprincd dur  dramlik trnc. Th halucinonic proprtis o Daura hav b thorouhly xploitd, prticularly in th Nw orld. In Mxico nd in th Southwt, Datura i ud in divin tion, prophcy, nd ritualtic curin. Modrn Mxican Indian vu crtain muhroom  acramnt and us mornin lori and th pyote cactu to prdict th utur, diao and cur dia, and placat ood nd vil pirit. Th Mixtc o Mxico at publl to har voics rom hvn tht nswer thir qution. he iks of Brazil and Vnzula nu th powdrd rin of  OTHER

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UE









































U I OD WTR WOLD

Our odrn ocity ha rcntly takn up th u, ot illally, of hallucinon on a rand cal. Many p  pl bl thy can achi ytic or liou xprinc by altrin th chitr of th body with haluinon, ldo alizin that thy ar l rtn o th aold patic of piii ociti hthr duinducd adntur can b







































inical wih h maphyical inih claim by om myic, or ar mrly a counrfi of i,  ill con trovria. Th wipra an xpanin u of halu cinon in our ociy may hav li or no valu an may omtim vn b harmful or anrou. In any vn, it i a nwly impor an uprimpo culural trai wihou naural roo in modrn trn traiton. Detail f a painting f a primitive ayahuasca visin by Yand del Ris, cntemprary Peruvian artist



















































































































    















































































MAL OMOTON

uci  iit to  ml nub of typ of chmicl compoun. Al hllucinon foun in pln r ornic compoundtht i, thy contain crbon  n til prt of thir tructur n wr formd in th l i pro proc c o f v v t tb b or ori m . No ino inorrn nic ic plt contitunt, uch  minral, r known to hv huc h uci in nic ic c c. . Hlucioic compu my b ivi convnitly ito o bro roup: th tht contin nitron i tir tructur n tho tht o not. Th with it r fr mor common. Th mot importnt of th cki nitrn r t ctiv pricip f mrihun, trpnophnolic compound cld  dibn-







































• QUININE

  •

carbon atom hydren atom oxygen atom nitren atom







































pound tht ct on vriou rt of th body o fw r h ll uc ino inonc. nc. h indol uc lu of of th h l ucin ucinoon fr rqq unly pp ppr r in th form of trypt tryptm m i  driv d riv tiv. It i compod of hyl d yrrol m ( dirm on oppoit ). ryyt r tmi mi  m y b  siml  t th htt , with without out ubttutiosor thy my hv vriou sid chi kow  hydroxy (O), mhoxy or hoholoxy (OP rou i th phyl ri. Th indol rin (how in rd i th dirm) i vidnt not only in th numrou tryptmin (dityltryptin, tc. but lo in th vriou rolin lklod {ri d othr, i th iboi lkloids, d i th crbo rbolili  l k lo lodd  (hrmi, (h rmi, hrm hrmlili, , tc. tc. ) . y y rric cid thylmd SD) hs  dol uclu. O

(),







































HAU CI NOGNI C A HAUCI AAOIDS I ITH TH H INDO NUCUS   2      3   N , N  Dimthyltryptmin

 Srotonin

�

Hrmlin









































PSUO PS UOHA HALUC LUCI I OG OG S

Th ar poionou pant compound that cau what miht b cad condary haucination or pudo haucination. Thouh not tru haucinonic ant, hy o upt norma body function that thy induc a kind of dirum accompanid by what to a practica purpo ar haucinaton. Som coponnt of th ntia oith aromatic n rponib for th chaactritic odor of pantappar to act







































HOW HALLUINOGNS A TAKN

Hcoec pts e sed   vety of ys, deped o te d of plt mtel, o te ctve cemcs ivolved, o ctl pctces, d o ote cosdetos M,  pmtve socetes everyee, s sow et eity  pespiccity i be lcoec plts to is ses    , either

the onionlike bulb of a species







































OL WORL HALUCINOGENS

xitin vidnc indict tht mn in th Old World urop, Aia, Afric, nd Autrlih md l u of ntiv plnt nd hrub for thir hallucinonic proprti than h mn in th w World Thr i li ron to bliv tht h vtion of on hlf of th lob i poorr or richr in ci with hllucinonic proprti thn th othr hlf Why, thn, hould thr b uch diprity?  mn in th Old







































Amanita muscaria







































my be oe o mn' odet hluioen It h been u eted tht perhp it trne eet otributed to man' ay ide o dity Fly ri muhroom ow in the north temperte re ion o both hmiphere The Eurain type h  beutiul dep orne to booded cp ecked with white cale Th p o the uu orth Americn pe vrie om ream to n oreyelow There re alo hemi dierene beeen the two, or the ew

FLY RC UHROO Amanta muscaria,

















































































sch s tht exereced by  cet tbesm who ssted tht he hd jst bee bor! Reos fervor ofe ccomes the ebrto Recet stds sest tt ths mshrom ws t h e









































oy  ths mshroom, s the soe tr hcoec chemc ecreted ched from the body Oy  the st few yes, too, hs the chemstry of the toct rce bee ow o  etry, t ws beeved to be mse, bt msre s reset









































s  t est tee  ys nd ustr  pu, ntves ke  drnk by bn the evs d brk wth the eves o rrb Wh thy bb t, thy bco voty ntxcted, evetuy n nto  deep seep durn

G auimima gravana)









































Bushman applying Prm bulb to salp inisions























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































of te llucinogec mu oom  upre u pre cientit. A wte crytne trypine of uuul ructure cc poporc  c i eter of 4yroxymetyltryptmiew o lte. Ti iole ervtve, me pilocybi, i a new pe of tucue,  4substtut tptmine wit a posporic ci raica,  ype eve befoe know  a atualy occuring constituet of pnt tssue. Some of te muooms lso cntin c ntin mnute moun of anoter nolc compounplocinwc compounplocinwc  un tbe. We pilocyb  been foun o  Euro pen an Nort Amercn murooms, mu rooms, appretly ony i Mexico Mexico n Guatemal ve psiocybincontaining musoom been bee n pupoefuly use or cereonil in toxicatin. CHEMICAL CONSTITUTION

H

P silocin is livd by some biocmsts to  th prcuso of t mo stabl psilocybin.

H  H- C - H

b H  o = P - o- +   H /N -  H I 0

H-C ' H-C-H

H I HCH

TH

H I

IN  C�  

/  HC-H H  " HCH H Psilcybin







































 laaty clt   aa, gw m sps a ivati tat s aalysis  t pmal msm (t Him & Wass:  a a  

of th Mxican ushoos was icut unti thy cou b cuta. Thy a aost whoy wat an gat quantts of th a n fo chica anayss bcaus thi chica constitution is so pha. Th caication of th chsty of th Mxican ushoos was possib ony bcaus ycoogists w ab to cutvat th pants in nubs sucint to satisfy th ns of th ch ists. Ths accopishnt psnts a phas in th sy of haucinognic pants that ust b iitat in th invstigation of th chist of oth nacotics. Th aboatoy in this cas bca an cint substitut fo natu. By poviing suitab conitions scintiss hav an to gow any spcis in atica cutu. Cutivation of ib ushoos is an ipotant cocia ntpis an was pacic in anc ay CMCL NVTTON







































it  1 i i iamt)

RAPE OS INO  co  knon o  / o ea seopa) is an norou r o  g aiy Mor. In  Prn rgon o  nr on n Br  Inin orry prpr n unogni nu ro  r rui. T n  k knn i n r r  r  roni bu nro nroing ing iiii iiiion on  obir i u. urr u o i nroi r n. T priinry i inigons  o r







































SW FLAG o  aso a sw a ws in ap ps in  n an sou p ions.  b o  u iy  i is on o wo pis o o.  is so ini vin a Inians o nn Canaa wo poy  pan as  iin n a siuan y w  ooso as n uinon. In xssiv oss i is nown o inu song visua uinain ins. s.  inoxiain po pop pis is y  y b b u u  o o  asa asaon a n  saon bu  isy an paaoy o  pn a si pooy unsoo.

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Coombian nians usng a snung tube fashione from bir bone

VIROLS o co/  coo and  oo r among h mos rcny dscord ha ucngnc pans Ths ung rs of mum sz ha gossy dar grn s wh cusrs of ny yow owrs  m  pung arom T nox cng prncps ar   boodrd rsn ydd by h r br whch mas a powrfu sn o rs ar na o h Nw Word ropcs Thy ar mmbrs of h numg famy Myrscac whch wh ch cmprss cmpr ss som 300 spc spcs s of r rs s n  8 gnra gnra Th s nown mmbr of h fmy s Mritic fr n  an sc r ha s h sourc of numg  and mc n Coomba h spcs mos ofn usd for ha ucnognc purpss ar o co and  c o/o wras n Braz and Vnzua h n















































































AN NTOXATN NUF i  pp       y Inin   nn n n      in  n i    n Inin  Vnu in i pp  i inn n n u   n n  in  909 n:  p in  u uing i  i  in uu i i  gi nu u xuiy y i  n p      n   un up i i n   n p uni     p n  in in       i n i  in   r a ig  an i n ny p i  b f  ni n   b a i   p ug      in  i Nx  nu i i     bb  p in 







































n nuu  n n C  u  Virla n n    n n              n. n    Ynn    n n  B n Vnu pn  ny ny n n    n       n n   n n u   nu n   u   n n n u n u  by n nuy. T n n   b   n  nu nu  n   b    n nn n n n. u   u   n  n   Inn I nn  Su   bn    u  n n n    Virla  un 1954

ik Ii ci Vla i i    ci i 







































PAATIN  VR SNU ri ng iffrn nian  crap h ft innr layr f h brk an dry he haing genly er a re. The hav ing are tor fr latr ue. When the nu i neeed, th haing are pulriz by puning with a ple in a rar ae fr the frui cae f he Brazilnut tree. The reulting owr is sife to a e, pungent brown ut. T this ay b a the pwer leaves f a sal, wetcened wee, c and he ahe of aai, he bark of a beauiful tr, e c Te nu i hen reay fr ue. Oher nian fell he e, tri  an genly hea  r clc h in in n hnr , i Di Ja lav    i a  







































it wn t a thick pat, unry th pat, cruh it with a tn, an i it. h f ral bark an h laf pwr f c ay r ay nt b a. till hr nian kna th innr haing f frhly tripp bark t quz ut ll  rin an hn bil wn th rin t g a thick pat that is unri n prpar int nwith h a Th a rin, appli irctly t rwha an cngal in k, i n f th Waik arrw pin Whn uppli f f n n ar u  up in cr crni, ni, th th nian ftn crap th harn rin fr arrw tip t u it a a utiu. t    a tn a th nu itlf. Wik ia ii  Justicio lav  k  w w   aiiv   









































 SUFF-KIG CRMOY i conductd annually by ny Wi trib to oriai tho who hae did t priou yar Enocannibali copri part of th rit th ahe of calcind bn of  partd are  nto  fnt nana rink nd are wallw with th brage. Th crony ta place in a large roun oue. Following inital chanting by a ater of crny, the n n lr by for group an blw hug aount of n throug throughh ong tu tub b into ach othr othr notri notri l p 7). hy then bgin to dance and to run wildly, houtng, branhng wan an king gur of braao ar or grup ngg in a trange ritual in wh ich on partcipant partcipan t th th ru t t out hi chet and and i pound pou nddd forcfully with t, club or rock by a copanion, who thn r hi own cht for rciprocation lthough thi punihnt, in rtribution fr ral or iagind grianc, oftn draw blod, th ct of h narctic ar o trong tht th n o nt nch or how gn of pain Th opponnt thn quat, throw thi a bout ach oh,







































FFCS OF VIROL SNUFF ar flt within inute fr th ti f initial u. Firt ther i a fling f incraing citability. Thi i fllwe by a nubn f th lib, a itching f th fac, a lck f ucular crinatin, naal icharge, nauea, an, frquently, viting. Macrpiath natin f ing thing gratly gra tly nla rgi  charactri c haractritic tic an a n ntr ntr  int Wai Wai k blif abut hkula, th pirit frc wlling in th  tr an cntrlling th aair f an. During th inticatin, icin n ftn wily gticulat, ghting th gigantic hkula.

of o ha been hwn by rcnt tui t b an cptinally high cncntratin f trypain alkali in th rin. Waik nu prpar cluivly fr th rin f    ha up t 8 prcnt f trypain, ainly th highly activ 5thyN, Nithyltryptain. Tw nw alkali f a irnt pcarlin hav al bn fun hav fun i n th th rin; ri n; thy act a nain na in ia inhi in hibi bittr an ak a k itit p piibl bl fr fr th trypt trypta a i n  OF H NRO FF







































US OF VOA AS AN AROW OSON y h  nn  n f  rcn icri in h uy f curr.  r rin fr h rk f    i ar n an arrw r ar which i hn gnly h in  k f a r hwn n h llurin lw)  hrn h rn. Th kling cin  h pin i lw.  chcl cnun f he rin reponible for thi acion i till unknon.  i inring h lhugh h rrw ar ipp whil h hallucingnic nu i ing prpr fr rin fr h  r h w prin ar car  u y rn icin n f h a ri. Mny r pln ar ply in uh rica in prpring rrw in  f h br f h i nc n Mniprc. Wai Iia hli i a i my  t cal  i appli y ippi  pi ith 







































owei ach

Jusa peralis

ar. senhlla

MSH-HI Jusia peralis a. snphlla) i a all hr culia by h Waik nian f h







































JRM Mimsa siis) is  pooly undesood sub, h r r  wh which ich pi pi h he    i acu aculou lou u ra   i n k " knwn in rn Bail a auc  inho d ure. hr pci o oa e ao lcaly calld ur. ra ri in rnaucoh ai ai, ankau, uha an Fulnioconu h ag in ceronies. Uuay cnnc wih waae he hallucinogn ws ud y now exinc ribes of e e o • pass e nigh naigaing hugh e ph of lue" u prio o allying h o wa. hey would ee gloious iion of he piri land . . . o) cch a glips of h cahing rck ha doy oul o h ad ounying o hir g or e h hunrir hoing ighing o a hug uf on hi ha an poducing c  a p  o  h u n   r . .    appar hwee, h he allucinogenic use of M iis s nealy dsppeed i ecen imes Lile is known about e llucnoeic popeties o h i pan whch wa wa i c c r r or or han han  0 yeas ago Eary chical uis inica an acie alkloid gien e name nigene bu lae ow o be















































































Anadenanhea













































































a plrr l h prrn  yp y h Mapr   rc. n 1 8 5   chr prc an Eglih plrr ii h Gahi nhr i f h rn  rnc c an r r   n pr prrrng ng h h  h h ra   np ar plc  a hall n plar h  hl n h kn y an  a r hal gr ly h  l han; n crh by   aa l l p pl l  h har har   pa pa   arc arc  . . hch i hl n h ngr an  f h rgh hn. Th rling grayihgrn pr i a alay i i a al an f  alkalin banc hich ay  li fr nail hll r h ah f plant arial. pparnly, h h ar a r a gra ariy f pln arial: h rn frui f th nky p, h rk f any irn in







































g  wih ha of  a a pam fi opi

bifurcae bi-ne snug tube with pam ui osepices





















































































































VI  SBI are sus beieve to have bee prepare i the past fro the beas o Anennher coubrin a its varety cbi/ i eral a souher South eria, where . pe re g ri n a oes ot our  . coubrin sees are kow to possess the sae hallu iogei priiples as  pere g ri n a (see p 86  .  early Peruvia report, ate about  5   , states that Ia eiie e foretol the uture by oui atig with the evil through the use of vila, or hula I rgetia, the early Spaiars fou the Coehi Iias taki sbl throuh the ose to













































































MSL B  N o ec o lo clled ed n  crill, i  hrub r ll ree wih iey p cnining up o ix o een re ben o eed. Befe he peyoe eligion ped noh of he Rio Grn Gr ne, e,  l  1 2 ribe ribe of nin in no nohen MexiMexico, New Mexico, nd Texs prciced e iioneeking Re Ben Dnce cenere roun he ingeion f  rink prep fr hee . Knwn lo  he Wichi, Deer, o While Dnce, he ceeony uilized e ben  n ocul, iinoy, nd hllucino









































Sophora secundifora









































OLORINS ral pci  rrna a b u a haucingn in  par  Mic. Th brigh r ban f h plan rbl cal ban  p. 9) lng u a a narcic in nrhrn Mic an in h rican uhw. h ban ar -









































Rhynchosia phaseoloides









































are wo of any local nae for eier f o pecie of a Souh erican ine Bansoss aa or  nbans. Bh are giganic ungle Y C and C 









































Baniteriopi caapi























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































 e the mst cmm  the ive mes  seve speces  shubs th ppe t hve bee mptt hucies m some Sth Amec Idi tibes. The se  the me bcheo which mes i txict idices tht the tives  Cmbi Ecd d Pe ecoize the shb's cotic popeties d the speci ce te i its ctvt seems t sgest  me eiis  mic pce i tib ie. Recety e evidece hs pited t he se  seve species o Brunfelia ethe s the suce   hucieic di s mo the Kchi o zi  s  dditive t othe hcienic CIRIC-CPI and CIRIC O Brunfelia)

Brunfelia chiricapi







































drins s mon the Jvo nd on Indins o Ecdor Thee species h Th h c cinoe inoenic nicy y empoye empoyedd re B grandio nd B chiricapi A species however enter into o medicine bein sed especy to redce evers nd s ntirhemtic ents B uni uniora ora   s B hopeana) hs been incded in the Bzin phrmcopoei Chemic invstition o the ctive componds in the vrios species o Brunfeia is sti in the initi ste nd wht the ctve prncpes my be hs not yet been determined The ens compises 40 species o shrbs ntive to tropic Soth Americ nd the West Indies It beons to the nihtshde miy Soncee Brunfeia grandiora

I

seed, enlarged







































 fom  es of some 20 speces of the ihtshde fmy, Socee. They occ d e ed as hllucioes i both hemiphees. The d  sully peed by doppi pveized seeds ito femete dis o by teepi eves d is i wte. Ue dies widey fom tibe to tibe. Itoxictio ced by the d  chcteized itil y by eects so violet tht physc estt mut be mpoed util the pate pses to  ste of leep d hllucitio. The medicie m itepets the v sos s visittos of the spits d s spposedy ths be to· to· digoe disese, ppehed thieves, d pophey the f tue. Soe f e Iia i the Ans o outhe Colom bi cultivte  ube of cloe of hihly atophied vetie, pep cipiet species. They my be the esult of muttios iduced by vise. Biooicl o tosties, the detictio to specie is oe dct. edcie e mit that they ie  ptecy fom the usl   dictio tht pehps the chemc costitio s e s te mooo s be ched. They seem to e coed to Sibdoy,  motiit vley  the hh Ades of Colomb. Bsic l ly ly,, l specie speciess of    hve hve  sim s im ilil  chemc chemc  compositio. Thei ctive picipes e miy hyoscy mie d scopomie, which ae tope lloid. Scopolmie is ofte the mjo costituet A mbe of mo, chemicly eted loids my be peet: topie, oscopmie, meteloide. The dieeces mo pecies e chiey i te elve cocettios of these vios vios  ll lloi oid d  Thoh Thoh hih h ih y oxc oxc,, most spe spe DR







































seeds

stramonium

or thorn appe (Datura stramonium) s an l scented weedy annual wth whtee to pur wht purplsh plsh o owers wers Pr Proby oby natve to Norh Amerca, t now grows n temperate and subtropca regons around the world Al s of the plant, especay the brownshbac seeds, are toxc Ths speces s beeved to have en the che ngredent of wysoccan, used by JIMSON WEED

(Da tu turra ceao ca u a ) is a eshy plant wt thk, orng stems tat grows in marses ad sallow waters. ts unusual habitat and ts strong narcotc propertes earned t a specal place amon the ancent Mexican hallucinogens. The Aztecs, who invoed ts t n treating certan diseases, referred to it as "sster of ooiuqu, oe of the l  28 ). TORA-LOC







































 ( Da   ra

inxio; ow ao a D mee/ies), a

cr ciig  ativ to Mxico ad otwr Uitd Stat a a og itory of  a  aciog It w xtrmy importat to t Aztc wo cad it tootzi rdz crd ay mdica  t ward tat t i xc it wod driv a tit to mad  odr Trmr ti d t root d ad av to tir maiz r Zi va t pat a a arcoti a a ttic ad a poutc for tratg wo Oy t rai prit r prttd to gatr it T

prit pt t powdrd root i ir y ao ty cw th root to comm wit pirit of t dad ag itrco for rai  Li   ifio of toc i  itiatio cr moy T yog ptiipt wo dri it d cramig i aia ti ty drop ad ccm to t drg' ct Yum t t to id dram ga occt powr ad prdct t ftur ot u t drg i a prig crmoy to ar god at ad og if to t yog T ratd D. isc/r add D wrighii of t m a rgo r imiary d









































of sevel seces e tve to ot Amec wee tey o y sc tve mes s o ceo cm mco ood to to d t. A e ctvted ts ow  te tly w stte d ssocited wt m sce eest tmes.  eoe s deos to te wme owds. ecozed s toxc d cotc t s sed s  lcoe oe o s  dmxte. e ote Ades fom Colom to Pe es to e te cete of the ous oii. ecies fom ths eio e    arborea,  aurea,   cania,   oichocarpa,  sanguinea, d the ewly dscoveed  vucanicoa  se seee . 1  1  fo ex exmes mes)) . Aoig eoes fom Colom to Cle vle these trees s soces of tlstc lcoes d medces. I Ce te Mce ds se  cania d  anguinea to coect ly chlde. e Jvos sy tt te sts of te cestos dmos ecc tt chlde d te ctos. he cet Chcs of Boot sed  aurea seeds to dce sto  te wves d slves of ded wos d cefts efoe they wee ed lve o ccomy sbds d mstes o the st t. At omoz Colom Ids too  anguinea ceemolly  the emle of te . e cotc  AUAS







































D.

aurea,

golden·wered form













































































Sbundoy ndan wth dotor olletng leaves and owers of eyoeo aean Perhaps nowhere n the ew Word does the mane of hallunogens n natve mag and medne aqure uh sgnane as n the Vlley of Sbundo whh has en haraterzed as "the mos naotonsous area of he ew World

CLEBR BRRCERO (Methysticodendron amesian-

um),  tree rechn  heht o 25 eet is known only

rom cultivted trees n the Kms Ind tow o Sbudoy Coomb Te Idns so cll  mtskwy borrce (se toxct") Ts tee s te ony seces of ts enus  my rereset n extemely bert om o  tee seces o  Datura. Its 1 1 nch nch w w ttee o owe wers rs d der er om those those o te tree dtus n vn ter bellsed cooll s nerly to e b bse se An nuson o te eves s sd to be moe oten















































































u oc is o of th most ctly poted hlucios. t is t by the Idis i cu do to iduc th sstio of ht. Althouh  lloid of uow idtity hs b potd fom ths spcis of ptui phytochmicl ivstiio of p tunis is ugtly ndd. Som 40 spcies of ptu s row  South Amic d i wr pts of oth Amic. mbs of h ightshd fmily Solc thy  closly llid to  nus co (tobcco).  oc s well s oth spcis  horticulturlly impott. Cultivtd vritis with hir tciv fulshpd blooms  populr popul r d  d owrs owrs th thtt bloom pofusly pofus ly thouout th summr moths 

oo u is  sml tr rsricd to  bout  00 su sur r mi ls i ctr ctrl l Chi C hil l.. t is i s th ol olyy spi i   fmily Gomortc ltd to th umg fmily. Th puch Indis of Chil  sid to t th fuit of eule o hulhul fo itoxictio bt KLE













































































oe ,  t, vbe t o te  Aes, s so cle tbco e bo (devs tobc co"). I Cle, te Muce Is smoke te re laves of ts beutu edoweed lt fo te r cotc eects. Wete tey re tuly allucoec s ot yet bee esbse. ey cota te lklo lobee  seve evtves o t. e sme lo occurs  some ot Amerc seces of oe, ese clly  , kow locy s d tobcco. t s be used medclly d s a smok derret. ere ar 300 seces of oe, mostly trocl ad sub tocal, d tey beo o te buebell fmly Cm  ulcee ulcee.. o ome me e e gly gl y rze rzedd s rde orme ormet t  s.

U

( e

cec,  coscuous srub rg om Mexco to Cost Rc, s  ecety dscovere allucoe tt seems to be used oly by te Cots o Oxc ey te t to cly te sess"  to ebe tem to commucte verblly wt te srt wo om elest tmes, te lts

ZCEC HICHI







































Lobela tupa







































PSYCHOPHARMACOOGY

Psychophmcooy studies th eects of dus, espe ciay hllucioes, o the ce evous systm The ects of psychoctive ets esut fom co stituets tht belo to my clsses of chemicls A hv oe chcteistic i commo: hey e biodymc, ecti om metboism of the im body Hlucios ct diecty o the cet eous sys tem, but they my so ect othe pts of the body They hve both physic d psychic ctivity hei effcts e usuly shotived, sti oy s o s the chemic emis t the poit of ctio i the body Pseudohllucitiosofte idistiushbe to the y m fom tu hlucitiosmy be cusd by my om o m coitios upsei u psei body homeos homeoss sis is,, o o o  ml mtolism: feves, fsti, lc of wte fo lo piods, poisos, tc Psuohllucitios my ofte be o much lo dutio th hlluciios f  plt cotis  ctive substce, its medic









































Cay ai y a kaa Iia  mazia Clmia ici   t ma ic i a aiial caai iicai. Cllc i  l   Clmia ali D Ga RicDlmat wh sti  mylical iiac  allci am  Iia.







































n  cuur naby h uring accuurain haucingn are eie   nhance cia cnac a c r n n f xpain ng mnal mn al i  rr. rr. I f w cr u f haucingnic pan in priii cii wi h ica au cai fr h by  pychiari w  ha  pych ar n a nw pn. riciay inuc pych ha ng bn  a haing pracic in priii cuur. lhugh any rn pychiari are crical f chica pyche a l in reaing na arrain  i  ary cpy  ru u hir pibl ical ae. OTHR HALLUCINOGNIC PLANTS







































MOR NFORMATON Coop Co oper er,, John M. , "Stimulants and and arcot arcotics, ics,  i n OF SOUT ERIAN NIAN, J. H. Seward (d.), Bureau of mer can thnology, Bulletin o. 1 4  , .S. oernment Printing ce, Washingon, D.C., 1 9 4 9 fron, D. H. d.) TNOARAOLOG SEAR FOR PYOATIV DRUG, Public Heath Seric Publ. o. 1 6 4  , .S. ornment Printing ce, Washingon, D.C., 1 9 6 7 men, Wiliam J., Jr., AROTI PLANT, Macmilan Co., ew ork, 1 9 7  Harner, . J., HALLUINOE AN SAANI, xford niersy 7 Press, ew ork, 1 9 7 Hwc C., DIE MENLIEN ENUTTEL, Chr. Herm. auhnit, eipig, 1 9 1 1 Him,  . , and . ordon ordon Wasson, Wasson, E CA CA GN GN ON  HA HA U I NO NOGNE GNE  D MEXIQUE, d. Mus. Hist. at., Paris, 1 9   Hoer, ., and H. smund, E HALLUIOEN, cademc Press,







































INDEX Acrus calamus, 73 Afghanistan 30 38 40 42 Africa natives of 9 21  29. 38 44 4  8 Algonquin Indian (U.S.)

9 43

Akaloid 1 6 1 77 - 1 9 2 1 

26-27 8 29 43 6 4 8   1   2  4  4 6 4  70 81  8 86 93 94 96 97 103 1 0 4 4  1 0 6 6 1 0 8  1 1   12-123 12 13 13 139 14 148 1 12 14 dend 1 6 Amanita muscaria, , 3-27 azon ndian of 9  76 8 1  6  72 76

Bhang 30 38 Borrachera, 1 3 8 - 1 3 9 Bgman•a p. 1 4 Brunfelsia p. 2 1  1 4 4

140-141 Bshmen 29 Bwiti cult 4 Caai 7 9 9 2 1  98- 1 06 Colea zacachichi, 1  2 13 Canada ndians of 73 Cannabino 1 6  " 3 6  4 0 Cannabi biss s 1 4   1  2 2  30 3 0-4 1  4    2  6

turas tre 1   - 1 4 7 

148

lphi Oracle of 7   

Desfntoinia hkeri, 1011 atura -3 ibenzopyran 1 6

"octrine of Signatres

0 utra 2-3 East ndies  2 chincoctus williamsii, 11 Elizabetha pricep5, 78 Endocannilim 8 0 Ena  1  77 7 7 8 8 e ao Marihana Epilbium, 2 Catnip 1  6 Epielontho micrmers, Cawe 1 1 3 11 Central nevous system Ereriba  8 18  14 1 Ergot 1 3  Charas 30 38 Erythrina sp. 9 6 6  1 8 Chmistry of hallucino Euroe mdieval 22 46 gns 1 6 - 1 9  2 6 8 0-1 7 36 7 3 6 70 70 7 1  1 03 False peyote 1 24-1 2 104 122-123















































































Papa natve o 28 Paric 77 8691

Pedahus hmade, 111 Pegaum harmaa, 4 43 Peecphra aefrm, 1 2 eea p  2 6   2 7 Peua acea,   0  11 Peote 6  9  1 4   8  2   62 63 94 1 1 4  1 23 Aztec e 1 1 6 chemitr 1 2 2   2 3 eect 1 1 8

 Ree eefe fer r  38 4  Rhchsa p 97 08 Rig-Veda 26 Rio rande Vae (Tex)

1 Reo crmsa, 4 8 12813 St Athon' Fire 1 3 4 Sa Sa aa d d rum rum,, 2 1  37 38 San Pedro cact 2   1013 Scopolamine 4 6 6 4 8     2 139 142 48 1 4 Scthian 34 3

Tarahmare Idian (Mex.)

 1 3   1 8 8   24 2 4   44 44 Tarar tri 4 2 62  Tenanacatl 2    8  62 63 Terpenphenolic com nd  6 Tetr Te tra a hdroca nni nol nol

16 36 0 Teraprss me Terapr meh hs sca ca,, 1 06 Ttliltzin 1 28  30 6 Toacco 2 1  6 62   4 4 Tooache 2 1  62 ornaloco 1 43 Tree datra  4    4 7 Trichceus 1  0 1 1 1 2







































HALLUCINOGEIC PNTS A G DEN GU GUIDE®  E E PhD, F.L.S., is professor of aura scieces ad director of the Botaica Museu at Harvard Uiversiy. A iterationally kow botaist spe cializing in narcoic, medcinal and poisoous plats, Dr. Schules sen some   ears in South America lvng







































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