A Dynasty
The Quennells of Chiddingfold…
Preface
This is a living document and will change as and when more resources become available. Some resources that have been available till now have been sketchy at best and often contradictory. Some assumptions have been made based on possibilities and others have been best guesses based on circumstantial evidence. Where evidence has been contradictory additional clues as to the accuracy of e ach has been taken into i nto account and a judgement made on the facts that best fit the peripheral evidence. For instance the family links between the Crandleys and the Quennells, who their children were and the property they owned or occupied, have been based on a combination of facts drawn from the most detailed evidence available such as the will of Roger Cranley (Crandley) of Field Hall, Compton, and the Victorian records of the county of Surrey maintained by British History Online. Other connections have been made based on historical context such as the movements of people as a consequence of the tumultuous events of their time; William Quyneld in Yorkshire and his possible connection to the campaigns of Edward I against the Scots, and the move of John Quyneld’s family from Hertfordshire to the South Coast as a consequence of his reneging on a commission to fight in the English campaigns against the French during the Hundred Years War, his fall from favour with the Crown and as a result the potential disbursement, by the Crown, of his properties in Hertfordshire. Where possible the short biographical sketches of the people associated with the family members have been fleshed out, along with the main events that took place during their lives to give a better perspective on the possible role of the family in influencing those events and how they may have been affected. As for the historical lineage of the family they had quite a presence in Yorkshire, particularly around the Hull area, in Sheffield and York and it is possible that with a shift in focus of the Crown away from York to London and the south coast during the Hundred Years War that the family’s fortunes and their own seat followed suit, firstly to Hertfordshire and from there to Southampton, Kent and Middlesex, and finally to Surrey. The reader should try to place the events referred to in this document not only in a historical but also political and geographical context. As with regional focus of political power and geographical
Introduction
Why the Quennells as a subject? As an amateur genealogist this particular branch of the family, though not related by blood, has proved one of the most interesting. Led by the unfolding clues the trail has taken many twists and turns and when facts have connected they have opened a window on the past that provides a fascinating view into a different world. It’s a combination of the ordinary things, such as the inventories contained in wills, as well as the potential involvement that members of the Quenell family have had in influencing some of the momentous times in English history that make the stories of their lives and the family’s history so appealing. For those descendants of the Quennells who may happen on this document it is hoped that both the personal histories and the overview of the history of the family that this document contains will help to provide a sense of their continuity with the past. This journey started in December 2007 standing at the War Grave of my Great Grandfather and though it hasn’t ended it has taken me to places I would never have otherwise been and revealed facts that I would never have otherwise known. Most surprising has been the discovery of connections between ancestors who at the time were unrelated; the founder of Meaux Abbey for instance, William De Forz, an ancestor of the author’s mother’s paternal line, the Fores, and Richard Quyneld, a monk at the same Abbey, pensioned off by Henry VIII at the Dissolution of the Monasteries. This is the fascination and the pull of genealogy.
A special thanks to Ian Thacker, Chairman of Chiddingfold archive.
Chiddingfold
Chiddingfold is located in the Weald in the Waverley District of Surrey, England Chiddingfold, “Chadynge's fold" (Anglo-Saxon: meaning – enclosure for animals) became famous for its glass-making during the reign of Elizabeth I; there were no fewer than eleven glass works on the green. Chiddingfold glass was used in some of the finest buildings in the land, including St Stephen's Chapel, Westminster, and St George's Chapel, Windsor. 1 However, the industry went into decline in 1615 when the prohibition of the use of wood fuel was issued 2, and was overtaken by the iron works industry, founded in Chiddingfold in about 1575 when Lord Montagu(e) established an iron forge at South Imbhams. Eventually some of the property was bought by the Quennells who, whilst remaining involved in the agricultural industry, were successful enough to have developed and established ironwork forges in Surrey at Chiddingfold, Shottersmill and Frensham. In the 1300s there used to be an annual fair held over the Nativity of St. Mary on the 7-9 September and a Tuesday Market but these are no longer held. Chiddingfold was part of the manor holdings of Godalming The village can be reached via Haslemere on the main South West Trains service between London Waterloo and the Isle of Wight with connecting bus services between Haslemere and Chiddingfold. Accommodation can be found in period buildings that provide accommodation at the Crown Inn (whose owner in 1651 was Peter Quennell), Petworth Road, Chiddingfold and at the Lythe Hill Hotel (built and occupied by the Quennell family in 1480), on the Petworth Road between Halsemere and Chiddingfold. Lythe Hill Farm
Chiddingfold and its neighbourhood abound in ancient farm-houses and cottages,
The Quynelds of Lancaster, Yorkshire, Hampshire, Hertfordshire, Kent, Middlesex and Surrey Lancaster, probably about 12607
Universis Christi fidelibus hoc scriptum visuris vel audituris Thomas de Coupmanwra salutem. Noveritis me pro salute animee me et animarum predecessorum et successorum meorum concessisse dedisse, et hoc presenti scripto meo confirmasse Deo et ecclesie beate marie de Lancastr[e], Priori et monachis ibidem Deo servientibus, tres acras terre et dimidiam in villa de Skerton quas habui de Quenild filio Roberti Scathon in puram et perpetuam elemosinam. Tenendas et habendas dictas tres acras terre et dimidiam cum omnibus suis pertinenciis dictis Priori et monachis et eorum successoribus adeo libere et quiete sicut aliqua elemosina liberius dari potest et concedi. Et ego Thomas predictus dictam terram cum pertinenciis et heredes mei dictis Priori et monachis et eorum successoribus contra omnes mortales warantizabimus et defendemus imperpetuum. In cujus rei testimonium presenti scripto sigillum meum apposui. Hiis testibus Domino Benedicto Gernet, Domino Willelmo de Heton, Alano de Catherton, Johanne Gernet, Johanne de Oxclyve, et aliis To all the faithful of Christ who shall see or hear this writing, Thomas of Capernwray 8 greeting. Know ye that I, for the welfare of my soul and of the souls of my predecessors and successors, have granted, given, and by this my present writing have confirmed, to God and the church of the Blessed Mary of Lancaster, to the Prior and monks there serving God, three acres and a half of the Church of Lancaster land in the village of Skerton9, which I had of Quenild, son of Robert of Skerton, in pure and perpetual alms. To hold and to have the said three acres and a half of land, with all their appurtenances, to the said Prior and monks and their successors, as freely and quietly as any alms can be freely given and granted. And I, the aforesaid Thomas and my heirs, will warrant and defend the said land with the appurtenances to the said Prior and monks and their
Yorkshire 1296-1338 Jordan Quenild
Jordan Quenild was listed as a debtor along with William, the son of Alan de Knapton 15. Hugh Grime of Rufforth 16 issued the writ which was heard in York on the 29 th September 1296 at which the Cancellario, or Chancellor 17, found in favour of the plaintiff, a Master Robert (de la Ford) who is recorded as Magistro18 Once again Jordan Quenild, alongside two others, Hugh Boye 19 and Jordan de Braham of Rufforth, were named in a writ of debt considered at York on the 12 th June 1297 for a debt of 40 shillings, owed to Ralph de Whitewell of Yorkshire 20 which was endorsed ‘Ebor’ (York)21
1290 King Edward I expels all Jews from England. Queen Eleanor dies 1295 King Edward I calls the Model Parliament
William Quyneld
At Lanercost Priory 22 in Cumbria, during Edward I’s residency there for the duration of his last campaign in 1306/7, a pardon was issued by the King on the 26 th January 1307 to Richard, son of Thomas Thurstan a ‘mercer’ 23, of Estrington 24 for the death, at his hands, of William Quyneld 25. The pardon was again issued by Edward II to Richard for William’s death ‘and for other felonies’ on the 26th October 1310 ‘on account of his good service in Scotland and for his abjuration of the realm on that account’ 26. It is possible that William Quyneld had sided with the Scots against the Crown and both Edward I and II showed favour to Richard Thurstan as a result.
C. 1300 Glass windows and chimneys are becoming common among people who
sixteenth year of the King's reign, by a John de Touthorp, a clerk, who requested remedy for actions by Thomas de Estrington Estrington and John de Esshton, Esshton, both of York, that they ‘came to Clifton and took 101 sheep of the petitioner and drove them to York and then to Knavesmire27 where they detained them, and ate some, and the petitioner could not have delivery until he made a fine and ransom, and he could still not have delivery until he released all manner of actions that he had against them’ . He was advised sue a writ of
trespass28 though it was doubtful this would have succeeded as it would seem that both William and Thomas were in the favour of the Crown as between 1328 and 1330 under Edward III they were both made freemen of York 29
1324-1384 Life of John Wycliffe the religious reformer 1327 Edward II dies. Edward II becomes king 1337 The Hundred Years War between England Engl and and France begins
Richard Quyneld
Richard Quyneld is listed as one of the Cistercian monks who received a pension from Henry VIII on 11 December 153930 on the dissolution of Meaux Abbey 31, Beverley, Yorkshire, not far from Hull
Meaux Abbey Earthworks and Wharram Percy Medieval village, site of the Abbey’s Sacred Well
4 shillings and annual rents of 4 shillings , 10 pennies and a farthing from the meadows. Also annual rents of 17 pennies and 3 farthings from Margery Kynt 38, of 12 pennies from William Quenild, and of 2 shillings and four pence ha’penny from Richard Knollen. 39
1340 The English win the naval battle of Sluys against the French. Geoffrey Chaucer is born 1346 The battle of Crecy. English longbow men crush the French army 1348 The Black Death comes to England. Perhaps a third of the population died over the next year 1356 The battle of Poitiers. Once again the England crush the French 1373 Plague
Robert and Roger Quenild of Hallum H allum
Date 17 Jul 1343. Between Beatrix daughter of Robert del Appilyherd of Hallum 40, of the one part, and Richard son of Adam Wye of Sheffield, and Mary his wife, of the other part; of all lands, tenements etc. which the grantor had after her father's death, in Hallum. Witnesses: John Parker of Sheffield, William Lambert of the same, Thomas de Capella, Robert de Maples, Robert Quenild of Hallum, John Machun of the same, Roger son of Robert Quenild, and others. Seal: missing, on tag 41 Sheffield – Quenyld, Queynnild and Quenild
Johan Quenyld, Magot and her daughter Johanna, Johannes Queynnild, his wife Matilda, and William Quenild and his wife of Strafforth wapentake 42, Sheffield parish in Yorkshire, were documented in the Yorkshire Poll Tax in 1379 43
1381 Plague in the north of England. The Peasants Revolt led by Wat Tyler. Peasants in Essex and Kent rose up and marched on London capturing the Tower and killing the Archbishop of Canterbury and the King’s Treasurer. The King,
Hertfordshire
John Quyneld (the elder?) about 1340 – 1390/91
1340 The English win the naval battle of Sluys against the French. Geoffrey Chaucer is born 1346 The battle of Crecy. English longbow men crush the French army 1348 The Black Death comes to England. Perhaps a third of the population died over the next year 1356 The battle of Poitiers. Once again the England crush the French
John Quyneld (sic Quenyld) born around 1340, was an MP in 1377, 1378 and 1380, and held land in 1373 in the manor of Ware in Hertfordshire. He may have been the father of John Quyneld the younger, also born in Hertfordshire and potentially the father of Peter Quyneld, as was shown by a monument formerly at Haslemere 46. It would seem that he had a brother called William who is mentioned in 1374 alongside Luke Vynter who, in 1363, is also listed as a Justice of the Peace alongside John. The family seat at the time was in Hertfordshire, and he also had property investments in Middlesex, Surrey, Southampton. His wife, Emma (Quynild), of Thorley, listed as a widow, made a grant on Morrow of Holy Trinity, 14 Richard II (22 May 1391 – so John had passed away by that time) to John Babelake of the same and Christina his wife of a garden called Morisgardyn abutting on Botilleris croft and Ballyscroft’ Bal lyscroft’ 47 In the lead up to the appearance of John Quyneld of Hertfordshire in the records the Ordinance and Statute of labourers was enacted in 1349/1351 in response to a labour shortage and introduced by Sir John Halles, who resided in a mansion called 'le brick house' within the cemetery of the priory of St. Mary Spital 48 in London, then known as
the younger. From the records the age range that is possible for John Quyneld the elder is from about 1340, which would make John roughly 20/21 years old at the time, the age which in Medieval Europe would mark his coming of age at about the time of his first commission in 1360. Since we know John died in 1390/91 his son John would have been a servant of Henry IV 1399-1413, and Henry V 1413-1422; the last mention of John Quyneld in the Rolls Patent is in 1413. For it to be possible for the fathering of the sequence of generations between John Quyneld (the elder?) and Peter Quennell the potential dates would have to look something like this… John Quyneld the elder John Quyneld the younger Peter Quyneld Peter Quennell
1340-1390/91 (death date established – Emma Quynild, widow in 1391) 139014401485-1558 (death date established – bequest for upkeep of bells in 1558)
Based on this premise if would be relatively safe, and quite compelling in fact, to say that John Quyneld the elder, mentioned in the following records, held the manor of Cottered in Hertfordshire in 1387 which was transferred to Philip Bluet and his wife Katherine on John’s death. John Quyneld the elder also held property in Crassalton 49 in Surrey in 1383 so it may be reasonably safe to assume that if John Quyneld the elder died in Hertfordshire in 1390/91 that John Quyneld the younger at the age of about 33, hailing from Hertfordshire, moved his family to their holdings from Middlesex, where evidence shows he held property in 1413, to Surrey some time after Cottered reverted to the Bluets, confirming the wording on the monument previously at Haslemere. And so to the records… Between 1361, around about the time of his coming of age, and 1365 John Quyneld was commissioned to keep the peace no less than four times, twice in 1361 alone. No doubt this was in response to the simmering undercurrent of resentment resulting in sporadic
de Coueley(e)61, William Wyot 62, John de Thame 63, Thomas Frisel 64, Richard Hampden 65, John Baret 66, John de Wermeston 67, John de Amondesham 68, John Reynam69, John de Nowers70, and three other men at arms, twenty armed men and eighty archers of the strongest and bravest of the county be selected in the county and go in ships upon the sea for the defence of the realm, he commands that on sight of these presents these said men be arrayed and duly furnished with arms, armour, bows and arrows and brought to Sandwich71, and that if need be they be compelled to this by incarceration of their bodies and taking of their lands and goods into the king's hand, so that they be there by Tuesday in Easter week to enter the ships ordained to take them to go on the king's service at the accustomed wages of war. In the meantime the commissioners are to send men to Sandwich to provide victuals for the men ready to be shipped on their arrival. It is the king's will also that when they reach the sea their horses shall be sent back to their own parts. He has commanded the collectors of the tenth and fifteenth granted by the commonalty of the realm for the expenses of the men going on the said service to pay them their wages, to wit to every knight 2 shillings to an esquire I2 pennies to an armed man 6 pennies and to an archer 4 pennies a day, for one month from the time of at which they left the said county. Furthermore he gives the commissioners power to arrest and imprison contrariants or rebels and take their lands and goods into his hand, and hereby gives command to the sheriff, men at arms and archers, mayors, bailiffs, ministers and others of the said county to be attending, answering, counselling and aiding to them in the premises. By the guardian & C. The like to the following arraying men at arms be in the counties named and bringing them to Sandwich at the same day: Hugh de Blount 72, knight, and the arrayers in the county of Essex, twenty, men at arms, to wi t the said Hugh, John de Seintclier S eintclier 73, Thomas de Clopton74, Henry Moyne75, William Gennyn 76, John de Boys 77, Lionel de Bradenham 78, 58
Of Great Hampden, Buckinghamshire, England. John de Hampden, the son of Reginald, held the manor in 1346, and was a knight of the shire in two Parliaments of Edward III in 1351–2, and again in 1363. There is a tradition that Edward III. and the Black Prince once paid a visit to Hampden, and that while the Prince and his
William de Dale 79, Robert de Rokele80, Roger Monkoye and ten others, twenty armed men and sixty archers, (Sir) Hugh FitzSymond 81, and his fellows, arrayers in the county of Hertford, twenty armed men, to wit the said Hugh, John de Chilterne 82, John Quenyld 83, Hamo de Ware 84 It is likely that the assembled company accompanied Thomas de Beauchamp, 11 th Earl of Warwick to France during Edward III’s last campaign there between 1359 and 1360. Thomas Qwyneld, probably a younger brother of John who may have been killed in the lead up to the Treaty of Brétigny, signed at Brétigny, a village near Chartres, which marked the end of the first phase of the Hundred Years' War. The circumstances of his death are unknown but that Henry Hewen of Westefeld was involved who was under the command of the Earl of Warwick, and that the subsequent pardons (see below) were issued as a result. At Westminster on the 28 th of May 1360 Edward III issued a ‘Pardon, for good service to the king done in his last voyage in France in the company of his son the earl of Richmond to… …and the like to…’ 85 which on the 16 th of July 1360 at Westminster included ‘Henry Hewen of Westefeld86, in the company of Thomas de Bello Campo 87, earl of Warwick, marshal of England, for the death of Thomas Qwyneld’ 88
The same year, on the 21 st of October 1361, Pelham, Thursday after St Luke, 35, Edward III, John Quynled, along with Robert de Geddyng 97, Thomas Logat, William Schanke and William Rokesburgh 98 were witnesses to the granting of the title and deeds of Landbeach to Sir John de la Lee, the Royal Steward, in the presence of Sir Thomas de Knesworthe 99 and Adam de Wyvelyngham 100, knight, in return for his support to Thomas Grey of Hertfordshire101 Later that year at Westminster on the 15 th December 1361, John Quenyld was reaffirmed in his role as a one of the commissioners of the peace for Hertfordshire 102 alongside Guy de Boys103, John de Chilterne, Thomas de Eston, and John de Whitewell 104 Once again, on the 3 rd of May 1365 we find John Quyneld in distinguished company when at Westminster, probably once again in response to simmering resentment and unrest on the part of the peasantry as a result of Edward III’s Statute of Labourers, he was confirmed as a Commissioner of the Peace, pursuant to the statutes of Winchester, Northampton and Westminster, alongside John, Duke of Lancaster 105, John atte Lee 106, Edward Fitz Symond, John Foxcote 107, John Strete108, and Luke Vynter 109 of oyer and terminer110, touching felonies, trespasses, forestalleries and regrateries, abuses of measures and weights and delinquencies against the statutes and ordinances of labourers111 in the county of Hertford 112, intended to put and keep the peasants in their
place. On December the 10 th 1366 John Quynild received from the King at Westminster a ‘Commission of oyer and terminer’ along with ‘John Knyvet113, Robert de Thorpe 114, William de Wychyngham 115, Richard de Leycestre 116, on complaint by Walter de Mauny 117 that William Lost, John Merseye 118, chaplain, Aylwin Parker of Campes 119, William Parke of Walden, Thomas Tannere of Walden, Richard Somer, Robert Sweyn, John Chalk and others, broke (into) his park at Chestreford120, co Essex, hunted therein and carried away deer121
Three years later, one month from St Michael, 42 Edward III on the 27 th of October 1368122 at Westminster a plea of covenant submitted in the county of Hertfordshire was heard. The plaintiff was John Quynild 123 and related to 1 messuage, 40 acres of land, 6 acres of meadow, 2 acres of pasture, 9 pence of rent and a rent of 1 clove in Thoreleye 124 and Sabrychesworth 125, and was against Roger Bunne 126 and Joan, his wife, deforciants, having obstructed John’s access to his estate
127
The agreement reads: Roger and Joan have acknowledged the tenements to be the right of John, and have remised and quitclaimed them from themselves and the heirs of Joan to him and his heirs for ever. Warranty: Warranty. For this: John has given them 100 marks of silver
There is the connection between John Quenild and Emma holding property in Thorley which is mentioned above and which is reinforced by a record dated 49 Edward III, 10 th August 1375, when John is a witness to a grant of land in Thorley and Sawbridgeworth 128 In 1373 plague once again struck England. Then, on the 12 th of January 1374 a licence was granted for the alienation 129 in mortmain130 for John Quyneld and Walter Lepere to transfer two properties and 2 acres of land in Eggeswere and Ildestre 131 and for John
to the Priory and Convent to enable them to raise £20 yearly in lands and rent 138. In the fourteenth century the Prior was Thomas de Watford' 139 As a result of disturbances and uprisings that occurred between the post 1348 Black Death institution of Edward III’s Ordinance and Statute of Labourers in 1351, hugely unpopular with the peasants of England, and the Peasants’ Revolt in 1381, on the 26 th July 1374 at Westminster, Commissions were given by the King and Council 140 to, amongst others, John Boterwyk 141, David de Westminster. Berdevill, Henry Traynel, John de Salesbury and John Bysouth, serjeants-at-mace, and on 29 th July 1374 to John Filyol142, Luke Vynter, William Quenyld to arrest a large group of men (given that Luke Vynter is also mentioned it is likely that William is quite possibly John’s younger brother, since John by the principle of primogeniture 143 John would have had to have been the eldest to inherit the family’s property) … Robert Cavendyssh, John Hidigham, Thomas Branton, John Wespray, Simon Bereford, John Morewell, Richard Norhampton, John Peyk, Richard Ivy, Walter Guldeford, Bobert Spelyng, John Halys, William Michel, John Hamstede, John Faucon, John Waryn, Thomas Fakenam, Bobert Anton, John Grandon, William Bysude, William Ledys, Gilbert Forester, Thomas Pope, John Brokelee, John Walche, John Stalbrigge, John Orby, John West, John Kent, Benedict Wade, William Barton, John Woleward, Nicholas Kembere, William Catisby, Bobert Aston, Robert Nely, Simon Bucell, Henry Biriount, John Lane, Walter Wynchestre, Nicholas Nettilham, John Sharp, John Wolwirton, John Brandon, John Someri, John Lilie, Nicholas Neubolt, Roger Lucas, Simon Vinur, Richard Fitekyn, Richard Poche, John Topclif, John Stirbourne, William Walys, Richard Couke, Robert Duram, Thomas Strode, John Stekis, John Frend, Stephen Goldfynch, William Ocle, John atte Parke, John Salusbiri, Richard Shirbourne, William Witby, William Schambir, Walter West, John Wodestoke, Walter Lucas, William Alret, John Fulbourne, John Sutfold, Richard Dancastre, John Honcler, John Clifford, Richard Baker, John Soutyng, Thomas Harnme, John Grenehell, Richard Sutton, Hugh Cursun, Thomas Langeton, William Martlesham, John Wytbred, John Ermyn, John Helmele, Henry Juwet, John Kitteson, John Catour,
Yasterlyng, Andrew Smert, John Person, Gilbert Trumplour, John Spriner, Thomas Alwyk, John Yol, Thomas Yol, John Wyther, John Malle, Thomas Brokman, John Colyn, John Sende, Simon Londyn, Robert Soleys, John Prison, John Arnold, William Huglot, William Spisour, Alexander Cook, John Aleyn, Thomas Elys, John Ecchere, John Short, John Corey, John Chelf, John Crippe, 'page,' John Soylard, 'page,' Thomas Iryssh, Andrew Mersey, Pernelt Laurence, Thomas Meynard, John de Baylle, Peter Gerard and William Richard, ' page,' and to bring them to London and deliver them to the sheriffs for safe keeping in Neugate gaol until further order for their delivery Two years later Southampton is mentioned as a residence of John Quyneld when a writ issued against him on the 10 th August 1375, by the executors, Matilda Hervyle, Thomas Potesgrave, and John Clayditch, as part of the probate proceedings of the will of Matilda’s husband Walter Hervyle, citizen and pewterer of London, now deceased , through the office of Nicholas Brembre, Mayor of London, on the matter of a debt of £40. The writ was heard on the 2 nd of February 1376144 by William Walworth 145 and Helmyng Leget, Clerk, and endorsed in London: Coram Justice de Banco in quindena Pasche 146, though no record seemed available to show the eventual outcome Then, on the 18th October 1375, John Quyneld (of Kent) was involved in a debtors hearing alongside a Richard Carbonell (of Oxted [Tandridge Hundred] and Tatsfield Surrey) for the sum of 20 marks owed to Thomas Wilford, a citizen and fishmonger of London. It would seem that either John paid his dues or could have had his investments tied up in Richard Carbonell’s properties. Richard was not at the hearing and, according to the then Sherriff of Surrey, John Seyncler 147 he was not in his (the Sherriff’s) bailiwick148. Either way, Richard’s lands and property was made over to Thomas Wilford149. Its also quite possible that the connection here alongside that of his connection with Robert De Gedyng, a major fish merchant, in 1361 indicates an investment by John in fish mongering, a trade which he would become known for in Southampton and, given the period when 75% of the population ate fish not only as a choice but as a religious duty, must have been quite lucrative.
140 acres of land, 8 acres of meadow, 2 acres of pasture and 4 pounds of rent in Asshewell161, Hynxstworth162 and Redreth163 replacing John Basset and John Basset 164, and William Rokesburgh 165 and Pernel, his wife, deforciants 166
167
The agreement reads: William and Pernel have granted to Geoffrey, John, John and John and have rendered whatsoever they had in them for the life of Pernel to them in the same court, to hold to Geoffrey, John, John and John and the heirs of John Basset of Chishull', of the chief lords for the life of Pernel. For this: Geoffrey, John, John and John have given them 100 marks of silver 168
On the 6th of October the same year, 1376, 50 Edward III, Margery Draper granted to John Quenild, for the term of her life, land lying in Codrech 169 in Spedeleye, in Hertfordshire170. The following year Richard II was enthroned in 1377 at the age of 10 and John of Gaunt became regent in all but name. The first poll tax was levied the same year
company of John, duke of Lancaster, as Thomas de Cobeham, sheriff of Kent, certifies that he is skulking 173 in his (the sheriff’s) bailiwick From this point on there is a change in regional focus and fortunes for John Quyneld, possibly to escape the plague, away from his holdings in Hertfordshire to the south of England, in particular to Hampshire, Kent and Surrey. It would seem that he became a fishmonger in Southampton probably as an investment whilst stationed in on the south coast between the Crown’s overseas campaigns and expeditions that he never turned up for. This reluctance to attend to his two overseas commissions as well as an allegation of obtaining money by deception had seemingly given cause for suspicion of his loyalty to the Crown as well as his integrity. This was exacerbated by the uprising in June 1381 when 10,000 men, forming the vanguard of the Peasants Revolt, marched on London. They destroyed the Savoy Palace and some of the rebels found their way to the wine cellars, "where they dranke so much of sweet wines that they were not able to come out in time, but were shut in with wood and stones that mured up the door, where they were heard crying and calling seven days after, but none came to help them out till they were dead."174 John Quyneld, referred to in one record as having been expected at Westminster as an insurgent, was likely suspected of involvement in the Peasants’ Revolt of 1381, when on the 13th June, residents in Hertfordshire joined the uprising in the south-east, which continued even after the death of Wat Tyler at Smithfield 175 On the issue of obtaining money by deception a Commission was issued on 20 th October 1380 and reviewed on the 10 th February 1381176 to John de Monte Acuto 177, Sir Bernard Brocas178, Walter Haywode 179, Michael Skillyng 180, and William Ryngebourne 181, to enquire into the truth of a petition (which eventually succeeded) of Hugh Craan 182, of Winchester, alleging that, whereas on Tuesday after St. Benedict, 2 Richard II, he acquired to himself and Isabel his wife, for life, the manor of Oterbourn 183, co. Southampton, from Richard Wyncestre 184, for a certain sum of money, the said Richard and Agnes his wife, wife, Richard Uttokcestre 185, parson of the church of Lymynge, co, Kent, John Quenyld of Edenbrugge186, Thomas Stanton, of Oxford, clerk, executor of the will of
certificate to be delivered in Chancery for obtaining execution in respect of the manor and other hinds189 belonging at that date to the said John and Richard Wyncestre. In 1381 there was plague in the north of England and the Peasants Revolt, led by Wat Tyler from Kent, took place in June. Peasants in Essex and Kent rose up and marched on London capturing the Tower and destroying John of Gaunt’s Savoy Palace. on June 14 th, after the King promised to give them all they wanted asking them to return home, some did but one group did not and killed the Archbishop of Canterbury and the King’s Treasurer, beheading them at Tower Hill. On June 15 th the King, Richard II, met the rebels at Smithfield, where the Lord Mayor killed Wat Tyler. Richard managed to persuade the rebels to disperse by making promises, none of which he kept. The poll tax was withdrawn but nothing had really changed as they came under the control of the Lord Mayor. However, given the shortage of labour over the next 100 years the peasants, the only labour force available to the landowners to reap the harvests, were able to demand higher wages The situation at the time was exacerbated by the Caroline War phase (1379-1389) of the Hundred Years War which was ongoing at this juncture and an expedition was undertaken in 1381 when Edmund, Earl of Cambridge 190, sailed to Portugal, then at war with Castile, and was joyfully received at Lisbon by King Ferdinand.
querents, and Richard de Wynchestre 196 and Agnes, his wife, deforciants regarding the property of the manors of Suburton 197 and Leyneston198 and the advowson of the church of Leyneston.
199
The agreement reads: Richard de Wynchestre and Agnes have acknowledged the manors and advowson to be the right of Richard Auditour, and have rendered the advowson to the same Richard, John and John in the same court, to hold to Richard Auditour, John and John and the heirs of Richard, of the chief lords for ever. And besides Richard de Wynchestre and Agnes granted for the mselves and the heirs of Richard that the manor of Suburton' - which Geoffrey Roucle200 and Henry Jordan held for a term of 12 years - and also that the manor of Leyneston' - which Hugh, the p rior of St Swithin, Wynton', held for a term of 13 years - of the inheritance of Richard de Wynchestre on the day the agreement was made, and which after the terms ought to revert to Richard de Wynchestre and Agnes and the heirs of Richard - after the terms shall remain to Richard Auditour, John and John and the heirs of Richard, to hold together with the advowson of
The old Marshalsea. The building on the r ight with the five tall windows was the courthouse
…as certified by Robert Tresilian, chief justice 204 who was appointed chief justice of the King’s bench in 1381 and tried and hanged rebels of the Peasants’ Revolt the same year. John’s imprisonment was probably pending a review of his case though he then escaped and was being pursued as a fugitive. Eventually John, and the letters, were delivered coram rege (into the presence of the King himself) and his Bench of Justice and returned sine die (permanently) and was pardoned at Easter on the 22nd of April 1386205 In 1388 Robert Tresilian was tried for treason by the Lords Appellant 206, opponents of Richard II, and executed on Tyburn Hill.
one of the Lords Appellant Appel lant responsible for Robert Tresilian’s execution), because he is not preparing to go. John Quyneld wasn’t doing himself any favours as on the day after All Souls, 11 Richard II, the 3 rd of November 1387 and again one week from Holy Trinity in the same year, the 31st May 1388209 a plea of covenant issued by Andrew de Burys 210, son and heir of Andrew de Burys of the county of Suffolk, querent, and Philip Bluet 211 and Katherine, his wife, and John Radeswell 212 and Margaret, his wife, deforciants, and originating in Hertfordshire was heard at Westminster
Bures. Ermine a chief indented sable with two lions or therein
213
The plea was entered regarding the manor of Coderede 214, which John Qwenyld 215 of the county of Hertford holds for life (a fact not mentioned at all in 'Parishes: Cottered', A History of the County of Hertford: volume 3 (19 12), pp. 226-232 216)
218
…which John Qwenyld' held for life of the inheritance of Katherine on the day the agreement was made, and which after the decease of John Qwenyld' ought to revert to Philip and Katherine and John Radeswell' and Margaret and the heirs of Katherine - after the decease of John Qwenyld shall remain to Andrew and his heirs, to hold of the chief lords for ever. For this: Andrew has given them 100 marks of silver. It is likely that this
was heard in John Quyneld’s absence and, given John Quyneld’s record, would have been looked on positively by the Crown, who in effect disinherited John Quyneld’s family from the estate and probably resulted in the removal of the family to Surrey on John’s death. In 1086 the manor of Cottered was held by Bishop Walkelin of Winchester. The chancel, nave, with south porch and west tower, of the church of St. John the Baptist in Cottered, built in about 1350, would have been a building familiar to those involved in the hearing.
Chiddingfold, Surrey John Quyneld (the younger?) about 1390- ?
When John Quyneld (the elder?) died around 1390/91 his manor at Cottered would have then passed to the Bluets by order of the King, Richard II. Until his coming of age John (the younger?) may have been cared for by his mother, Emma, though if she was still based in Thorley he may have been cared for by a wet nurse. John Quyneld the younger, probably by then in his early twenties, is mentioned on the 11 th February 1413 as being of Middlesex.
1391 1400 1405 1407
Plague in the north of England almost as bad as that of 1348-1349 Geoffrey Chaucer dies. He was the first great writer in the English language Plague Plague
On the 11th February 1413 at Westminster in the reign of Henry IV 221… …Pardons of outlawry to the following - Richard Hylles ' sometyme dwelling in Missenden 222,' for not appearing before the king to answer John Quenyld touching a trespass. Middlesex Given the decimation of the population as a result of the Black Death and subsequent death from starvation of the population as a result of pestilence many properties were left unattended and derelict. John may have taken advantage of the situation by investing in the family property in the south adding to that inherited from his father, in Middlesex upon which the trespass occurred but most notably in Surrey where his father had a foothold (in Carshalton) in 1383, requisitioning the building of Lythe Hill Farm and occupying it in around 1480. It may have been that an empty property already existed at
King. On the 14 th of May 1471, London was unsuccessfully attacked at Bishopsgate, Aldgate and London Bridge, from the Surrey (a Lancastrian stronghold) when Thomas Neville assaulted each gate in succession and was repulsed at every one
1471 The battle of Tewkesbury and plague 1472 Plague 1476 Caxton introduces the printing press into England and plague 1478 Plague 1479 Plague
Peter Quenell (abt. 1485-1558) m Alice unknown
Peter Quenell (abt 1485-1558), the eldest son of Peter Quyneld, was born at Lythe Hill Farm about 1485, the year that Lythe Hill Farm was built, and inherited the property from his father. Peter married Alice and they had seven children; Elizabeth, Cathryn, Thomas (1500-1571), John (1507-), Richard (1510-), Robert (1540-1612), and Peter (1553?- though, as this would have meant that Peter the elder would have been 68 years old at the time of Peter the younger’s birth an earlier date of birth may be more likely, unless of course he was a virile elderly man!)
1483-1485 Reign of Richard III 1485 Plague and the English sweat. Henry VII wins the battle of Bosworth. Richard III is killed and Henry becomes the first Tudor king 1487 Plague 1494-1496 Syphilis
In 1497 a momentous event occurred in Surrey, one that the family may have very well been witness to, when as a result of the raising of war taxes by Henry VII, reneging on
1499-1500 Severe plague 1508 English sweat 1509 Henry VII dies. Henry VIII becomes king. Henry VIII marries Catherine of Aragon. Great outbreak of plague 1510 Ague
In 1511 The Mary Rose was launched. It is possible that with the family’s connections in Southampton, were it is thought the Mary Rose was built, that they would have been in some way involved, if not directly perhaps indirectly providing supplies and provisions to the dockyards and navy.
The Mary Rose off Southsea Castle, Mark R Myers RMSA 15/10/82 (Author’s Collection)
1513 The English win the battle of Flodden against the Scots. Great outbreak of plague
been intended for the great pleasure and profit of the King’s Majestie, and fish from Mr. Venables adjoining dike, fish valued at £3 and dike at 20/0 224
1545 The Mary Rose sinks 1547 Henry VIII dies. Edward VI becomes king. The Duke of Somerset is made Lord Protector. Great outbreak of plague 1549 An Act of Uniformity imposes a Book of Common Prayer. The Duke of Northumberland becomes Lord Protector 1551 last ever outbreak of the English sweat 1552 The Duke of Somerset is executed
Most of the family would have witnessed Edward VI’s progress when in July 1552, accompanied by a substantial retinue, of court officials and men at arms numbering some 4,000 horse, camped on the village green.
Edward VI
Edward stayed at Chiddingfold’s Crown Inn (still extant) on his way to a State visit to Shillinglee, not far from Chiddingfold and the home of the ‘Master of Game’, Henry, Earl of Arundel.
1553 Edward VI dies. Mary becomes queen. 1554 Lady Jane Grey is beheaded
Between 1555 and1558 Queen Mary persecuted Protestants and nearly 300 people were burned to death for 'heresy'. London was held for three days and pillaged during a rising of the southern counties under Mary.
1557 Cholera, dysentery, ague and spotted fever 1558 Queen Mary (also known as 'Bloody Mary') dies. Elizabeth I becomes queen. Cholera, dysentery, ague and spotted fever C. 1560 to C. 1640 'The Great Rebuilding'. Stone and brick replace most wooden houses. Chimneys and glass windows become common 1563 Plague 1568 Plague
The date of his death is established by a 1558 bequest of three shillings and four pence from Peter Quennell, husbandman of Lythe Hill, for the upkeep of the bells of Chiddingfold Church 226 When Peter died he was interred in the Quennell’s burial place at St. Mary’s Church, Chiddingfold “against the east end of the Chancell within the Churchyard“. Of Peter and Alice’s children… John b 1507
Nothing is known about him though he is mentioned in his brother Thomas’s will
consideration of £90 228. Peter also had a Covenant agreed with Sir William More of Loseley and George More on the 24 Sep S ep 1588 that the Mores will not make any claim to a property called Sollers or Soleste and 35 acres at Whytlande in Chiddingfold which Peter had purchased from Giles Hull of Hambledon) by reason of a civil contract recognised in law on Giles Hull's lands. 229 Peter probably purchased the land rights from the inheritance made to him by his brother Thomas. Peter’s inheritance had been kept and maintained by his cousin Richard Hardedonne between the date of his brother Thomas’s death in 1571 and 1577 when Peter reached the age of twenty four. Peter’s will was proved on 7 th September 1591 Thomas Quenell 1500-1571 m Agnes Irelond
As the eldest son, and in line with the principle of primogeniture, Thomas inherited Lythe Hill Farm and, as mentioned in his will purchased Anstrood and Anstrood (now Anstead) Fields along with a barn, which had belonged to a Mr. Denham, from a John Covert of Hascombe, and purchased a plot of land adjoining a water-course, called Rovis (now Imbhams pond) from a the same John Covert and purchased the other half of the property in 1568 from John More, grandson of Sir Christopher More’s sister Florence Scarlett, a widow. This water course had previously been the supply for Viscount Montague of Cowdray’s forge furnace which had been located on leasehold land at the south corner of Imbhams Farm at a rent of six shillings eight pennies a year. It is likely that this is the same Thomas who, in 1536, leased Hammer Farm (see Appendix 2) and Shottovermill for 20 shillings (see Appendix 4). Thomas Quenell farmed the tithes of the “parsonage of Hasilmore (present day Haslemere)," and was acquainted with its curate at the time, one Richard Crampe. His mother church was Winchester to which he bequeathed two pennies. His family had no risen from humble beginnings but had gone through a resurgence in fortunes and he was classified as a yeoman; not quite a gentleman but certainly someone who’s family had done well for themselves and were more privileged than many others; labourers, l abourers, servants, itinerant workers and the like. He
from the new pale that adjoins the said garden on the eastside unto the home field on the west side and extends from the said house on the north side unto the little mead on the south side’ and three best beds with bolsters, pillows and pillow cases belonging to them, two bedstead, sheets, three pairs of canvas sheets, blankets, three best coverlets & one Quilt, pewter vessels, his father’s five pewter platters, two pewter dishes and one basin, his candlesticks, best brass pots, kettles, a kettle which was bound with iron by Hewghe the Smithy, a posnet (A little pot) of brass bells, a Skyllet (A small pot with a long handle) of brass, and a Caldron, wooden vessels, a vate (From the Middle Dutch for cases) and kyfe (Or keeve : a large tub or vessel used in brewing), bacon flytches (Side of bacon) at the beam, Lard and grease, flytches of dried beef, two best table clothes, two best towels, table napkins, one dozen spoons, three best stone cups, a best chest and coffers and one belonging to his wife. The kitchen at the time was a focus of hard work, particularly at harvest time as produce would need to be prepared for the coming year. Though Thomas left the property to his brother Robert, in keeping with the practices of the time he ensured that his wife was taken care of, at least for the remainder of her life. He also owned the lease on lands called Padbrooke, Harwells the Leecrofte and Harwels meade (field). His livestock is listed as one cow, , two ewes, one cow, one heifer bullock of the age of three years, three ewe tegge, one heifer bullock of two years old, one ewe of two years old, seven ewes and wethers(a castrated ram) shipe (a productive, noncombinative suffix forming abstract nouns from other nouns – friendship(e). In this instance probably implies ward ship or care) in keeping with one Mr. Lussher of Hyndehed230 in the Parish of Thurseley, six best keene(Noun for cows), one cow named Lustye, four heifers whereof one black with a white star in the forehead, one Red with a white back, one other Red with a chinned (With a narrow strip of white on the face) face and one brown with a white face, six best oxen with yokes and chains meet for them my new wollen wheles (Wool wheels – for spinning yarn. The main use for sheep in the area was for wool and their skin for parchment, though one wonders if a family of their status also ate mutton as a by product), a young bay Amblynge (Gentile, a superior, better-
1570 The Pope excommunicates Queen Elizabeth and the Liitle Ice Age begins. Lasting to 1600, when the Thames froze solid, the crops failed and a large part of the population starved
Robert 1540-1612 m Elizabeth Hall 233
When Thomas died in 1571 without issue, he willed Lythe Hill Farm to his brother, Robert Quenell (1540-1612) who added a wing to the east end of the house. Robert also became owner of the Imbhams iron furnace in Chiddingfold (the works probably reached into Haslemere) purchasing more of South Imbhams in 1574 from Thomas Hull. Robert had a fine levied against him in 1576 by Florence Scarlett who inherited South Imbhams from her brother, Sir Christopher More. Robert’s brother Peter was pardoned by Anthony Browne, Viscount Montague of Cowdray, probably in early 1575, for a misdemeanour, alluded to in correspondence between the Viscount and William More in a letter dated 1 st April 1575. Viscount Montagu employed Guy Fawkes as a servant and his daughter in law, Mary Dormer, who married his son Anthony (who predeceased his father), was a cousin to Robert Catesby, one of those involved in the Gunpowder Plot.
It might be worthwhile to note at this point that though the fortunes of the Quennells, traditionally Roylist, and the Yaldens seem to be linked throughout a substantial period of the Quennell family’s history in Surrey, the Yaldens were Parliamentarians and there seems to be a tension in their dealings which for a large part revolve around the buying and selling of property; each seeming to want to outdo the other. It would seem that the issue was resolved and Robert is involved, some years later as one of the Trustees on the 20 th of August 1601 granting granting a gift of a messuage with barns, stables and orchards in Chedingefold in the tenure of John Osborne, snr, and all his lands in the parishes of Chedingefolde and Whitley [Witley], apart from a cottage with eight acres of land in Chedingefolde in the tenure of John Lawborne and an annuity of 10 shillings out of land now of Stephen Peito in i n the parish of Witley as a settlement upon the marriage of John Osborne, jnr, son of John Osborne, snr, to Johan Gould, daughter of William Gould of Dunfolde [Dunsfold], Surrey, yoman. The Trustees were John Osborne, senior, and Roberte Quennell, both of Chedingefolde, Surrey, and both yoman, and William Billinghurst of High Billinghurst in the parish of Shalford, Surrey, yoman. Dated 43 Elizabeth I [1601] 236 Robert died in 1612. His wife was Elizabeth Hall, heiress of George Hall of Field Place 237, Compton, In 1490 Field Place, a small manor-house, belonged to Anne Saint Leger (descendant of Edward III and granddaughter of Richard Plantagenet). The whole manor descended to Peter Quenell (1580-1650), son of Elizabeth (nee Hall) and Robert 238. It was here the Quenells came to live. li ve. Robert and Elizabeth (nee Hall) had h ad two sons, Robert (abt 1585-1643) and Peter (1580-1650) both born in Chiddingfold. Peter (1580-1650) married Elizabeth Crandley and their son Peter (1603-1666), who married Elizabeth Grey, sold it to William Yalden in 1651 with the agreement of his mother.
On the second outbreak of the Spaniards, after the great invasion, Rowland Whyte reported that, “Our fleet goes to sea; Sir Walter Raleigh took leave at Court of all the ladies and his friends; he was brought to see the singularities of the gardens, which pleased him infinitely." 240
1596 1597 1600 1601
Francis Drake dies. Cholera and spotted fever spotted fever and famine fever The East India Company is founded The Poor Law is passed. People are made to pay a rate t o support the poor
Cricket became established in Surrey during the 17th century and the earliest village matches took place before the English Civil War. It is believed that the earliest Surrey county teams were formed in the aftermath of the Restoration in 1660. Generally churchyards were used as playing grounds.
Robert (1585-1643) married a Dorothy
Magdalen Hall (now Hertford College)
241
James VI of Scotland and I of England and his ‘favourites’; George Villiers (left) and Robert Carr (right)
Then on the 15 th of May 1604, when Robert was 19, it is recorded under the Bishop of Oxford's Privilege that, ‘Upon Complaint this Day made by the Lord Bishop of Oxford, That one Robert Quinell, his Lordship's ordinary Servant, hath been lately arrested, and committed to the Prison of The White Lyon (an inn converted to a profit making jail and an appointed jail for Surrey) in Southwarke ( on the east side of the old road leading south from London Bridge, then called Long Southwark and now known as Borough High Street), Street) , upon a Capias ut legatum (a writ for the arrest of an outlaw), contrary to the Honour and Privilege of the said High Court; it is Ordered, That a Writ of Habeas corpus shall be awarded, for the removing of the said Prisoner out of Prison, and for the bringing of him, by the Sheriffs of Surrey (whose Prisoner now he is), before the Lords, in the Upper House, on Saturday next, the 19th of this Instant May, by Nine in the Morning 242. That
Whatever the outcome Robert returned to his studies and was duly elected a Demy at Magdalen College in July 1605 (elections for Fellowships and Demyships were always held in this month) shortly after the future Charles I was elected Duke of York. He took his BA on 24 January 1607 and his MA on 9 November 1609; at the time Bas and MAs were taken verbally as debate and discourse. During his time there, the one time when he actually appears in his own right was when on 5 October 1610, he and four other Demies were punished for missing morning prayers by being “deprived of their commons” for a day. That means that they lost the free meals to which they were entitled under their scholarships. This was a common punishment at the time. Poor students would also wait on fellows to pay for their education and commoner students were divided into two classes; rich fellow commoner and lesser commoner. Robert remained in his post until 1612. The Vice-President’s Register for 10 February 1612 reports that Master “Quennill” [sic] was deprived of his post “because he had spent time away from College beyond the days permitted by statute, although he was not hindered by illness”. Quite what he was doing away from Magdalen is not stated, but it seems that he had been staying away long enough to arouse official wrath. 244. It may be possible that Robert Quennill had been spending time in London lobbying for a student and Fellow, John Elton, to be elected a demy at Magdalen College as two letters are recorded having been sent by the Court of James I’s to the Master and Fellows of Magdalen College on the matter, one on the 18 th of January 1612 and the second on the 31st. On the same day, the 31 st of January a Commission of appeal was decided on to investigate and rule on a controversy over debt between two privileged persons of the University of Oxford, John Preston and Henry Marman, which the University authorities had failed to decide245. If Robert had been involved in any of these issues it may have been perceived by the authorities at Magdalen College that he had exceeded his responsibilities, attempted to anticipate a decision on the matters at hand, and as a result undermined the authorities at Oxford who, aggrieved, may have used his absence as an excuse to relieve him of his post. Conjecture yes, but certainly a possibility, though Dr. Robin Darwall-Smith, the Archivist at Magdalen College Oxford, comments that when a
1623 Great fever, spotted fever and hot ague 1624 Great fever, spotted fever and hot ague 1625 James I dies. Charles I becomes king. Great fever, spotted fever, hot ague, great plague, malignant fever and the end of harvest ague 1626-1627 Plague and malignant fever 1628 William Harvey publishes his discovery of the circulation of the blood. The Petition of Right is presented to the king by parliament. George Villiers, the Duke of Buckingham and favourite of James I is assassinated in Portsmouth. Smallpox, measles, plague and malignant fever 1629-1640 The Eleven Years Tyranny. Charles I rules without parliament. 1632 Christopher Wren is born. Moderate smallpox
Some years later, in May 1649, Oliver Cromwell would dine and play bowls at Magdalen, shortly after dealing with Leveller uprisings at nearby Burford and Northampton. At the time Oliver Cromwell and the other Parliamentarian leaders had to decide how to run the country. Many radicals put forward their views, and it was in this atmosphere that the Levellers and the Diggers came to life. Their main opponent was Henry Ireton, a gentleman and landowner who, not surprisingly proposed that only those who owned property and land should be able to elect Parliamentary representatives, since they, and only they, had a vested interest in England and therefore were the true English citizens able to elect MPs; anyone without land or property was, as a consequence, completely disempowered from the elective process, something for which many felt they had fought and died for. Most ‘grandees’, as they were known, were quite connect with maintaining their status quo as landed gentry, even if they had fought as Parliamentarians, their main focus being the establishment of the Protestant faith and the retention and investment of power with Parliament, somewhat ironically, as dul y elected representatives The Levellers agitated for a democratic society, with power di stributed among the poor or
failed to protect the settlement from attack when, in July 1649 local landowners took the Diggers to court at Kingston, and won an action for trespass. The Diggers could not pay the fine and so their cattle and some goods were confiscated. By August the Diggers were forced to leave St. George’s Hill and moved to Little Heath, Cobham. Once again they were continuously harassed and by Easter 1650 the settlement was dispersed. “that we may … lay the Foundation of making the Earth a Common Treasury for All, both Rich and Poor” Gerrard Winstanley, The True Levellers Standard Advanced 247 On 21-22 Feb 1632 Robert, who was living in Dunsfold at the time, had a deposition made against him which alleged that he had killed some stray sheep and had kept a gold chain he had found while ploughing 248. Perhaps this was a case of a Royalist killing sheep belonging to a Parliamentarian. This sort of event would have provided propaganda for the sort of news articles that appeared in the Parliamentarian newspaper Mercurius Civicus.
Field Place, Dunsfold The residence of Robert Quenell Probably named after his brother’s place of residence Field Hall in Compton
At Ashtead Rectory, on the 23 rd of Sept 1643 an Ordinance for sequestring the Rectory of Ashtead was issued, in the County of Surrey. The post had become void by the death of Mr. Quennell, the late Incumbent, who had been sequestered on the 20 th September 1643 but had died 4 days earlier on the 16th 249. On the north wall of the chancel of the
Solars and Nether Beckhams was inherited by Alan Bycknold’s widow Agnes who passed it to her second husband, Roger Cranley (Crandley) when she died in 1569. Roger was the grandfather of the children Roger, Robert and John of Peter Quennell and his daughter Elizabeth. Elizabeth’s second husband was John Hode to whom Roger left the residue of his estate on his death in 1594/95. One of his bequests, itemised in his will proved in May 1594, was... … an Joined bestedell yt standethe in the lofte over the parlour and two pewter platters marked with the mark of an horseshoe’ 252. Peter (1580-1650), ‘a gentleman’, married his cousin Alice Crandley (1567-1599) in 1598 and subsequently, after Alice’s death in 1599 her sister, his other cousin, Elizabeth Crandley (- 1631) in 1599 by whom he had four sons, Roger, Robert, John and Peter (1603- ) and a daughter Elizabeth (-1640). Bargain and sale 1) Peter Quennell of Chiddingfold (could have been the elder or younger), gent 2) Thomas Remnant of Compton, his wife Susan and his youngest son Richard. Cottage with garden etc and 1 acre in Compton (position described) to Thomas and Susan for life, then to Richard and his heirs heirs for £25 down and peppercorn rent. 1 253 Nov 1613 Peter had the manor of Ashurst and Fridinghurst conveyed from John Middleton of Horsham and Thomas Burdett of Abinger to himself and Thomas Payne of Pitfold and in 1623 and the same year he was made a gentleman of coat armour at the Heralds' Visitation254. Its interesting that this is the same coat of arms used by Peter Quinil, Bishop of Exeter and which appear in a stained glass window at Exeter Cathedral. There may be a connection between the Quennells of Chiddingfold and the west country since the rectory and church of Cleve, Somerset was a property that belonged to Elizabeth Quennell (nee Grey). However, this may have belonged to her though her father Reverend Edmund Grey
done without the legally required consent of Parliament, and was one of the issues underlying the disquiet that eventually led to the English Civil War In 1627 Peter acquired the other part of Imbhams from John Covert’s sons John and Anthony. He is recorded as supplying 'gunns and shott' for Charles I on credit when the Civil War was breaking out. He would have had to be careful given that George Mynne, an iron master and politician, of the manor of Horton, near Epsom in Surrey had been exposed by Elizabeth Alkin (aka Parliament Jones or Joan) for hiding shot, wire and gun powder in support of Charles I. On a number of occasions, in the lead up to the Civil War, Parliamentarian saltpetre inspectors tried to gain access to George’s pigeon coop where they obviously suspected gunpowder was buried. George turned them away on the 4 th of November 1632 with the excuse that the pigeons were in breeding season and could not be disturbed. They returned again the 4th March 1633 and were once again turned back by George’s servants armed with pitchforks and bills (a thick, heavy knife with a hooked end, useful for chopping off small branches of trees or cutting apart entangled vines or roots). He was visited again on the 30 th May 1633 and this time the inspectors were turned back with the excuse that George held a writ which freed him of any due to allow the inspectors on to his land and property. Eventually the Lords issued a summons to George on the 15 th June 1633 and he was heavily fined for supplying six thousand pounds worth of iron to Charles I and his Royalist forces prior to the declaration of hostilities and with 400 tonnes of iron when war broke out, and for arranging for £40,000 worth of iron and wire to be hidden hi dden in caches around the country 256 Dated the 10 th of March 1629, 4 Charles I, a vellum indenture records the sale of a tenement and lands in Bramshott, Sussex (now Hampshire), between Peter Qwynnell of Lythe Hill (the elder?) in the parish of Chiddingfold, Surrey, gent, and Robert Palmer of Lippuck257, Hants, yeoman. The sale relates to lands called Bowhunt, 100 acres arable land in Bramshott and the manor of Rogate i n Sussex. Also mentioned are an Elizabethan deed between Right Honourable Earl Arundell and the Right Honourable John Lumley Knight Lord Lumley and Lady Jane his wife, daughter of the said Earl. It is handwritten in
In 1648 the second civil war began. In Surrey a Royalist campaign was attempted in a conflict at Kingston on July 7, remembered only for the death of the young and gallant Lord Francis Villiers, but collapsed almost as soon as began. Its leaders, the duke of Buckingham and the earl of Holland, escaped to St Albans and St Neots, where Holland was taken prisoner and Buckingham escaped overseas. Towards the end of the war there was also a brief skirmish at Leigh
1649 King Charles I is beheaded. Plague and smallpox in London 1650 Plague
Peter Quennell died in 1650 and was buried on 7 th May 1650 at Haslemere, Surrey where there is a Latin memorial inscription to him In 1651 a Scottish army invaded England in an attempt to put Charles II on the throne. The Scots were defeated at Worcester and Charles II escaped from England passing through Petworth just south of Chiddingfold. Thomas Hobbes published his work Leviathan. There were epidemics of spotted fever and epidemics of hot ague
Alms House at Petworth
259
known as Old Widow Bromham and lived at a property called New Inne in Dunsfold and was buried at St. Mary’s 12 December 1663 aged 91 262
263
Church of St. Mary’s and All Saints in Dunsfold
Daughter Joan married a Mr. Medgick and daughter d aughter Ann married a Mr. Stoner. Elizabeth’s Will reads…Testatrix: Elizabeth Quennell of Dunsfold, widow, Date of Will: 27 Jan 1639/40 [nuncupative]. To my son John Bromham a bed and bedstead and a cauldron (which was his father's); to my granddaughter Margaret Bromham daughter of John a cupboard; to my granddaughter Joan Bromham daughter of John two pairs of sheets; to my daughters Joan Medgick and Ann Stoner both of Kirdford, Sussex. Witnesses: John Shipsea, rector; Arnold Quennell (X) (nephew?). Proved: 12 Apr 1640 to Joan Medgick, daughter and principal legatee 264 John senior’s mother, referred to as Old Widow Bromham lived in a property called New Inne. She was buried aged 91 on 12 December 1663265 Peter 1603-1666 married Elizabeth Grey daughter of Rev. Edmund Grey and sister of Joan Grey
The curriculum would have comprised rhetoric, logics and metaphysics and been studied in the mornings after chapel with the afternoon being left for recreation followed by supper and vespers. Peter served a commission in the king's army, and for his loyalty and that of his father, " Peter Quinnall, Esq. '' it was intended at the Restoration for him to be raised from the Yeomanry to the Gentry as one of the thirty-two persons in Surrey selected as Knights of the Order of the Royal Oak. However, for political reasons it was never instituted. His estate was valued at a wealthy £600 a year and he married Elizabeth daughter of the Reverend Edmund Grey and went to live a Field Place. When Charles I raised his standard in 1642 Captaine Peter raised a Royalist company of 74 men, but it was soon disarmed. There is a record of their surrender, ‘A note what arms every man hath laid down out of Captain Queanel's band', detailing the arms handed in by each soldier (see Appendix 15) 267. It is likely that Captain Quennell was responding to the Commission of Array issued by the Marquess of Hertford, under a warrant from Charles I, on the 2 nd of August, to muster all men between 15-60. Though it was forbidden by Parliament for Militias ‘to attend the King’s Commission of Array’ Captain Quennell would have rallied his band at around about the time that war was declared, the King raised his standard at Nottingham on the 22 nd August and that Colonel Goerge Goring, Governor of Southampton, had declared for the King and was under siege by Parlaimentarians. Given Peter the elder’s connections with land and holdings in Hampshire it is possible that Captain Quennell’s band, numbering seventy four, is that referred to in connection with a disturbance on the 11 th of August 1642 when, probably riding in support of Goring, a mile out of Southampton, at Hounsdown, between sixty and seventy cavaliers attacked a party, led by the High Sherriff of Hampshire, who were raising a Parliamentarian militia. militia. In the mêlée, which lasted an hour, fifteen of the Royalists were killed, nine mortally wounded with five killed on the Parliamentarians side268. The deaths and mortal wounds referred to on the Royalist side could of course allude to casualties amongst the one hundred or so locals who fought in support of and
headquarters during the Civil War 269. Cromwell’s soldiers were also stationed at Chiddingfold but were so rowdy they had to b e removed by petition 270 At this point it is worth mentioning that though during the English Civil War, loyalty was generally divided along Northern/Western (Royalist) and Southern/Eastern Parliamentarian) lines with the Parliamentarian vanguard of support being predominantly made up of the middle classes, merchants, the navy and the puritans, and the Royalist vanguard amongst the Anglican church, the Catholics, the nobility and the peasants, it was not clear cut with pockets of support ranging across the entire country. Surrey was generally Parliamentarian headed by prominent leaders Richard Onslow and Sir Poynings More. There were also powder mills at Chilworth and cannon foundries in the Weald. Both sides would hold sway over the same areas at different times, Farnham Castle and Kingston changed hands several times during the course of the War and three of the line of forts which defended London were in the Surrey. Burnt Stub Mansion, a Royalist stronghold, in Chessington was raised to the ground by Oliver Cromwell when Surrey trained militias were ordered to defend Kingston against the Royalists 1655 introduction of the Decimation Tax of 10% on the income of Royalists though by this time Lythe Hill Farm had already been sold On 16th March 1657 a quitclaim was made between Peter (using the name variant Quynnell), at the time classified in the court register as a gentleman, and Richard Remnant of Compton, a brick maker, on property and land called Wattillham in Compton271.
1657 Great epidemics of ague, influenza and hot ague 1658 Oliver Cromwell dies. His son Richard takes over. Great epidemics of ague, influenza and hot ague, catarrhal influenza and spotted fever
Reasons for the present Grant. £1,260,000. granted in the Manner following, but not to be drawn into Example.
We your Majesties most dutifull and loyall subjects the Commons assembled in Parliament taking notice of the present and important occasions for your Majesties supply and of your Majesties abundant grace and bounty to your people in the late Act of free and generall pardon indempnity and oblivion and withall considering that the great and heavy taxations which your people have lately undergone were cheifely if not onely for the paying off those publique debts to the Army and Navy which were contracted in ill times and most of them for ill purposes under the late tyranicall and usurping powers insomuch that wee are nowe to provide for all those necessities your Majestie M ajestie hath beene reduced to by the new setling [of] your Majesties household without any setled revenue by the putting forth of severall Fleets and Navies to sea although your Majestie found the stores neere exhausted by the provisions for the Garrison of Dunkirke and the establishment att Tangiers and alsoe att Jamaica three great additions of honour att present and wee hope of plenty hereafter by securing our trade and commerce besides the charges of those guards to your royall person which the implacable spirits of some men have for some time made necessary and that noblest expence of all in bringing home your Royall Consort (whom Almighty God preserve and blesse to the joy and comfort of your Majestie and to the happines of all future generations) Nevertheles that your Majestie may see wee are no way discouraged by the charge or difficulty of the present occasions and that your enemies may see and knowe our readines to assist your Majestie with the utmost hazards both of our lives and estates Wee your said Commons doe hereby freely and cheerefully give and grant unto your Most Excellent Majestie the sum of twelve hundred and threescore thousand pounds to be raised and levied in manner following And although wee cannot but knowe that the ancient and usuall parliamentary course of raising moneyes for the aid and supply of your Majesties extraordinary occasions is and hath beene by way of subsidies which wee desire may bee observed in future times And that the course hereby taken may not bee drawne into
On 2 Sep 1663 a feoffment with livery of seisin 273, was granted between Peter Quynell esq the elder of Compton and his son and heir Peter, to William Sadler of Chiddingfold, a blacksmith, for Sollars, Chiddingfold, which had been purchased by the elder Peter’s Uncle Peter on 10 October 1584, for a consideration of £57. 274 The elder Peter died on the 5 th of May 1666, and was buried at Compton Church, Compton, Surrey, England 7 May 1666 in the north part of Compton Church (Pilgrim’s Progress – 1678. Compton was one of the villages that the pilgrims travelled through on their way to Canterbury) under the uppermost arch in the wall there. In the vault probably of the Halls of Field Place, whose heir he was. During his lifetime he had borrowed heavily, a habit which was to come back to haunt his son Peter. There is an inscription in the church to Elizabeth Quynell (nee Grey) 275
Compton Church, Compton, Surrey
Just a year later a Grant, dated 30 Apr 1667, was made by his widow Elizabeth to 1) Sir William More 2) Edmund Yalden, rector of Compton, and his successors. All trees planted or to be planted by Yalden within 50 yards of hedges and ditches of the Barn Field,
and Joan, and one son, Simon Quenell (-1744) who married Susannah. Elizabeth married Robert Beare and Joan married John Waight. 30 Jan 1673 letter from James Gresham, Haslemere, to his nephew Sir William More, Lord of Godalming, whose residence was at Loseley Park near Guildford. ...Title Letter from James Gresham, Haslemere, to Sir William More, Loseley. He responds to a letter from More and refers to a coroner's inquest, possibly regarding a murder and a claim on the felon’s goods (or the victim’s stolen property) made by Sir William, about which Gresham's 'cousin', Wight, has 'consulted with some very ignorant lawyers'. Gresham advises More that he may have a 'melius inquirement to avoid the first inquest,' and should get a copy of the inquest from either Mr Child of Guildford or the coroner in London. He also refers to another matter retrospectively concerning a previous 'discourse between Captain Quenell and Mr Wimbolt'. Mr Wimbolt and his brother, Child, believe that More 'may by a melius inquirement get Payne to be found compos mentis'. Gresham offers to find a deed of purchase by Sir George and Robert More for a 'charge of £16 at the Rolls' if Mr Smith denies he has it 278 Peter died after 1685 leaving two sons Simon (-1744 see below) who moved to Chertsey and became an Inn Keeper, and possibly a Peter Quenell, Esq., who, in 1693/94, owned a house at the City of London, Farringdon Ward Without, St Dunstan Precinct, Street side279 As a result of the sale of their land and property in and around Chiddingfold the focus for the family seems to have moved to Guildford though they retained their interest in faming as is indicated by their profession; butchers. 31 Aug 1685. Warrant in the usual form for renewing the Charter of Guldeford in Surrey Amongst others Peter Quennell, Simon Quennell, both Burgess of Guildford, as Serjeants-at-Mace280 were both probably Peter’s sons
12 November 1767, in which it would seem the ownership of property relating to his will was contested by his niece Rachel Hambledon 284) and includes property in Harting 285. One of the witnesses was an Edmund Yaden (Yalden?), a possible connection with the Yalden family mentioned in previous connections with the Quenells. Robert was still alive, and recorded as a gentleman of Guildford, in 1665 as attested by a deed relating to property in East Harting, dated the 18 th of July 1665286. Thomas (-after 1688)
On 26 May 1656 Thomas Quynell of Chiddingfold, a gentleman, sold a Mortgage (with covenant to levy a fine) on White Lands (13 enclosures containing 50 acres) in Chiddingfold to Richard Watts Esq. of Guildford for £150 287 On 19 Jan 1658 Thomas Quynell 288 and Richard Watts assigned a lease to William Sadler of Chiddingfold, a blacksmith, on Whitelands, Chiddingfold for a consideration of £150 paid to Watts and £100 to Quynell 289 On 18 Jan 1660 William Sadler paid £150 in addition to previous payment 290
1661 Robert Boyle publishes his great work The Sceptical Chemist . Brain fever and nervous stock predominantly affecting children, fevers, small pox and spotted fever 1662 The Royal Society (a Scientific organisation) is given its charter by Charles II who marries a Portuguese princess, Catherine of Braganza. The Act of Uniformity is passed. Fevers and spotted fever 1663 The first turnpike road is opened. (Turnpike roads were owned by turnpike trusts that maintained them. You had to pay to use them 1663-1664 Fevers and spotted fever 1665 Last great plague in London. This is the last outbreak of bubonic plague in England
Compton, and Richard Symes of Guildford, a gentleman. A subsequent memorandum of 22 Oct 1688 - term of years now vested in Charles Layfield of Farnham, clerk, who hereby assigns it to Thomas Newton, esq, in trust for Thomas Hutches of Guildford who has bought the freehold of the Chiddingfold property from John Layfield. 291
1680 Hot ague epidemic 1681 Hot ague epidemic and smallpox
On 5/6 October 1683 Thomas Quynell appeared as a witness to the issue of a lease and release by William Winson of Plaistow in Kirdford, yeoman, as a marriage settlement, and William Putticke of Plaistow, a butcher, of a property and 20 acres called Phillips, near Plaistow Green in Kirdford, adjoining Plaistow Green on north west, and lands of Thomas Jackman called Quynell House (Plaistow, Kirdford) on the south east and also garden and field called Rickman Garden and Rickman Field, containing 4 acres in Plaistow. With covenant to levy a fine to John Woods, William Winsom, and Robert Lusher of Chiddingfold, Surrey, mercer (textile merchant) for £230 to Putticke, £170 to Winson 292 On 9 and 10 October 1688 Thomas Hutches, alias Hutchest, of Guildford, a yeoman, sold Cowpers and Coxgarden, Balefield and Spookes alias Swanland in Chiddingfold to Peter’s brother Thomas and nephew Arnold Quennell the younger (-1718, son of Arnold -1680), both of Chiddingfold and both butchers, for a consideration of £362 293 buying back the land that had once belonged to Thomas’s mother Elizabeth. Then, in all likelihood to r aise further finance, they sold the mortgage on Cowpers and Coxgarden property to Johane Yalden of North Chapel, Sussex, a widow, on the 22 October 1688 for the sum of £150 294
Arnold (- Jan 1682)
Arnold, a butcher, had one daughter, Mary, and three sons Arnold, Robert and John, who
House, with kinsfolk living at Rodgate in the 1841 Census of Chiddingfold. See Appendices 6 & 7), Chiddingfold and residue, Executor Overseers: my friends John Holney of Dunsfold; George Entiknappe of Chiddingfold, yeoman. Witnesses: John Ifold; Arnold Fullett; William Dowlter 296
1683 The Ashmolean Museum in Oxford opens its doors 1684 Severe bowel complaints 1685 Charles II dies. James II (a Roman Catholic) becomes king. The Duke of Monmouth (Charles II's illegitimate son) leads an unsuccessful rebellion in Southwest England. Typhus and smallpox 1686 'Hanging' Judge Jeffery’s sentences many of the rebels to death. Typhus 1687 Isaac Newton publishes his great work Principia Mathematica. He lays the foundations of modern physics. 1688 The 'Glorious, Bloodless Revolution'. James II flees abroad and William and Mary become the new monarchs. Influenza and infantile diarrhoea 1689 The Bill of Rights is passed. Infantile diarrhoea 1693-1699 Seven ill years 1694 Mary dies of smallpox aged 32. The Bank of England is founded. Fever epidemic in London 1698 Thomas Savery invents the first steam engine 1701 The Act of Settlement is passed. Jethro Tull invents the seed drill 1702 William dies. Anne becomes queen 1703 Scarlet fever in London 1704 The Duke of Marlborough defeats the French at the Battle of Blenheim. The British capture Gibraltar 1705-1706 Measles 1706 The Duke of Marlborough defeats the French army at Ramillies 1707 The Act of Union joins England and Scotland 1708 The Duke of Marlborough defeats the army of Louis XIV at Oudenarde 1709 Abraham Darby uses coke instead of charcoal to smelt iron. The Duke of
Arnold (-1718)
Arnold’s will mentions both kinsmen Arnold and John Quinell. Probate of will, dated 21 Jul 1718, of Arnold Quennell (the younger) of Chiddingfold, butcher. House and lands called 'Swan Land', the Ballfield and Coxgarden to kinsman Arnold Quinell (son) after wife's death. Farm called called 'Lower Tugley' to kinsman John John Quinell (brother). Several legacies. legacies. 299 William Osmen of Chiddingfold, chirurgeon one of the overseers of the will on paper 300 and sealed. Lodged 24 Dec 1718
1719 Daniel Defoe publishes Robinson Crusoe. Measles, smallpox and typhus 1720 The South Sea Bubble (stocks in the South Sea Company suddenly fall in price and many people lose huge sums of money.) 1721 Robert Walpole becomes the king's main minister. People call him the Prime Minister. (Originally it was a term of abuse) 1722 General smallpox epidemic 1723 The great architect Christopher Wren dies. General smallpox epidemic, fever and griping 1725 Smallpox in London 1726 Relapsing fever, typhus, convulsions and griping 1727 George I dies. George II becomes king. Isaac Newton dies. 1727-1729 Great febrile epidemic in London, relapsing fever and some typhus, fatal anginas, cholera, epidemic agues and ‘influenzas’, fever, convulsions and griping, dysentery (amongst others), smallpox in London 1731 Smallpox in London 1733 John Kay invents the flying shuttle. Measles followed an influenza epidemic in same year, scarlet fever, influenza 1734 Scarlet fever, convulsions, ‘milatary fever’ (eruption of red and purple and white vesicles), smallpox in London 1735 The Prime Minister moves into 10 Downing Street. ‘Milatary fever’ (eruption
kept out) Thomas Martin as the rightful owner of the estate of a property and two gardens, 2 orchards, 30 acres, etc in Thursley, Chiddingfold 303
1745 The second Jacobite uprising. The Jacobites invade England and reach as far as Derby but then turn back. Ulcerous sore throat - Sheffield 1746 The Jacobites are crushed at the battle of Culloden. Smallpox in London 1749 Smallpox in London 1751-1752 Smallpox 1754 Smallpox in London 1755 Measles 1756 The Seven Years War against France begins. Putrid fever 1757 Fever in Sheffield Oct/Nov, smallpox in London 1758 Dysentery 1759 General Wolfe captures Quebec but is killed. His victory ensures Canada will be a British colony not a French one 1759-1760 Dysentery, Yorkshire epidemic (‘Military’), "anomalous malignant measles" 1761 The Bridgwater canal opens. Dysentery 1762 Dysentery and influenza 1763 The Seven Years War ends 1767 Influenza 1769 James Watt patents an improved steam engine 1771 Richard Arkwright introduces a loom powered by a water mill 1772 Smallpox 1773 The Stock Exchange is founded. London high febrile mortality, smallpox in Warrington 1774 Smallpox in Chester 1775 Jane Austen is born. Influenza 1777-1778 Scarletina anginosa 1779 The world's first iron bridge is built in Shropshire. Samuel Crompton invents
Appendices: Appendix 1: Linchmere Priory
1500s – 1600s Quenells listed in manor rolls as tenants of Viscount Montagu 304 Appendix 2: Hammer Farm, Manor of Pophole, Frensham, Surrey 305
Belonged to the Quennels from 1536. Roger Quenell, owner 1673, value 30 and a few sheep (£4 worth in 1623 306), a few acres of rye and oats and five stalls of bees. Grandson James inherited the property and land at a value of £71 though with more sheep. 1654 – James admitted to Pophole for £8, paid £5 with a promissory to pay the balance later 1670 – Raised £84 on farm 1671 – Raised £105 on farm 1675 – Mortgaged farm for £30 James Quennells’ Will (Wife was referred to as Widdow Quennell in 1682 307) £20 a piece to his two daughters at the age of 24 or when they are married. 20 shillings and the farm to his son Thomas
Appendix 5: Places in Surrey and Sussex associated with the Q uenells Chiddingfold
Lythe (Leeth) Hill Farm – Petworth Road towards Chiddingfold Crown Inn, Chiddingfold St. Mary’s Church, Chiddingfold - “against the east end of the Chancell within the Churchyard“. Burial place of the Quenells 'Sollers', alias Soleste, on north side of Chiddingfold Street Chownings House and lands Spookes alias Swanland Ballfield 35 acres called 'Whytlande' (White Lands), bounded by highway from Chiddingfold to Hasellbridge (Hazelbridge) on the east, the brook running from Haslemere to Dunsfold on the south and west and a lane leading from the hi ghway to Chownings on the north Hazelbridge House (Pickurst Road), with kinsfolk living at Rodgate and Prestwick Anstrood and Anstrood (now Anstead) Fields along with a barn Rovis (now Imbhams pond) Padbrooke, Harwells the Leecrofte and Harwels meade (field) Chaplain of St. Mary’s; John Evans 1571 Hyndehed in the Parish of Thurseley Hearnelonde Whitley Park Cowpers and Coxgarden, Balefield, piece of land (11 acres), and 60 acres called 'Harrolds' Hazel Bridge Farm called 'Lower Tugley' Thursley, property and two gardens, 2 orchards, 30 acres
Appendix 6: Chiddingfold, Hazel Bridge House (1841 Census)
Edward b 1811 m Sarah b 1811 Edward b 1831 Walter b 1834 James b 1837, 1891 Census Widower, Labourer, 166 Oldfield Road, Hampton, Middlesex, George b 1840. 1891 General Labourer. Lodger, 128 Cricket Green Chiddingfold …and William b 1844 All of the family except James and George moved to Canada in 1850
Appendix 9: Guildford Quennells
Richard Quennell (clothworker), and wife Margaret both alive on 20 Jul 1620 Peter Quennell the Elder (butcher), father of James Quenell married Mary and predeceased her before 8 Aug 1735. 1735 . Building called 'The Leaden Porch' the site of the present 124 Guildford High Street. The garden, or yard, of the house, apparently extended as far as the South Town Ditch, now Castle Street. Mary sold the mortgage to 53 The Hugh Street, Guildford on 8/9 Aug 1735 and bought it back on 4 Sep 1740 ↓
James Quennell (Holy Trinity, butcher) married and predeceased Anne Quennell (nee Hammond, alive 6 Jun 1696, deceased by 25 May 1733) – of Guildford, then St. Martin in the Fields. Lived at the westermost tenement of the two houses and with barn stable slaughterhouse etc near the top of the High Street on the north side James joint owner of property in Chiddingfold; slaughterhouse and cornlofts etc ↓
Henry Quennell of Guildford, gent, cousin and heir at law of James
Simon Quennell ↓
Son Peter Quennell the younger, gent (butcher), executor of the last will and testament of Simon 7 Feb 1696. 53 The High Street, Guildford and 3 properties, tanyards, malthouse, gardens etc in Shalford, 15 Apr 1726 - 16 Apr 1726. Also part owner of tenement in Holy Trinity with curtilage, garden, etc 1 Feb 1664. By 1725 in association with the Holy Trinity property John Quennell 10 Aug 1676. This Peter becomes Peter Quenell the elder and possibly with a brother called Henry, gent ( butcher), both alive in 23 Dec 1696, and son now called Peter Quenell the younger (but cher) possibly born after that date.. Peter the younger in 1725 may then h ave gone on to have a son called
Appendix 14: The Will of Thomas Quenell
The following is a transcript of the Will of Thomas Quenell which is in the possession of Mr. J. E. Sitwell, of Killinghurst (Haslemere, Surrey, England). And is a good specimen of the last will and testament of a substantial Surrey yeoman of the sixteenth century. The original is written in a tolerably legible hand, the writer being, as the document states, Richard Haredonne, a cousin of Thomas Quenell. Amongst the long list of items contained in the will are some of considerable importance to local history; the acquisition by the Quenells of the manor of South Imbhams, for instance; also of several small holdings, survivals of ancient divisions of land, which marked the gradual development of the English farm into its present state. Other items throw a light on the plan of the house and on the farm stock with details such as descriptions of horses and cattle and even the name of the cow, "Lusty". There are also many words and expressions which are of interest. And though nothing is said about an iron furnace, it is significant that Thomas Quenell had purchased a plot from a Mr. Covert adjoining land, with a water-course, called Rovis. From its position this is evidently what is now Imbhams pond, which formerly supplied the furnace of the forge which Viscount Montagu of Cowdray had started on leasehold land at the south corner of Imbhams Farm. Thomas Quenell farmed the tithes 310 of the “parsonage of Hasilmore (present day Haslemere)," who’s curate, Richard Crampe, is mentioned in the Will. Thomas Quenell, was the eldest of the five sons of Peter Quenell, of Lythe Hill, who died in 1558-9. The family settled in Chiddingfold in 1480, when the head of the family was another Peter Queynold or Quenell. The name is not common and it is fair to conjecture that the family at Lythe Hill (not the residence of the late Mr. J. Stewart Hodgson but the farm of that name), with its picturesque home- stead on the right of the road leading from Haslemere to Anstead Brook, originally came from Hertfordshire, and was perhaps directly descended from John Quyneld, who in 1373 held land in the Manor of Ware, where his ancestors had been settled for several generations.
heads, who appear to have been a strong party in the neighbourhood, to lay down his arms. For his loyalty and that of his father, " Peter Quinnall, Esq. '' was at the Restoration one of the thirty-two persons in Surrey selected as Knights of the Royal Oak, an Order, how- ever, which for political reasons was never instituted. The value of his estate is given at the time as six hundred pounds a year, a very good income in those days. On his marriage with Elizabeth, daughter of the Rev. Edmund Grey, he went to live at Field Place where he died. He was buried "in the north part of Compton Church 312 under the uppermost arch in the wall there" on May 7th, 1666, in the vault probably of the Halls of Field Place, whose heir he was. Peter Quenell, elder son of the above, was the last of the family at Lythe Hill. When and to whom he sold the estate I have not been able to discover, nor do I know what became of him beyond this, that in 1695 he is found spoken of as Captain Quynnell. For many generations representatives of collateral branches of the family continued to reside in the parish of Chiddingfold; some were small holders of land, others were tradesmen, but by far the greater number filled very lowly positions. The last male representative was George Quennell, a stone-breaker, who having carried on his vocation till upwards of eighty years of age, was compelled to retire a few months ago to the workhouse infirmary. It will thus be seen that the family was represented in Chiddingfold with varying fortunes for upwards of four centuries, a reason why this brief notice should appear by way of preface at the head of the Will of one of i ts members. The Will In the name of God Amen the third day of April AD 1571 and in the thirteenth year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lady Elizabeth by the grace of God Queen of England, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith. I Thomas Quenell of Chiddingfold in the County of Surrey being sick in body but of good mind and perfect remembrance (God be praised) do make and ordain this my last will and testament in manner and form following first I give and
the new coop now standing in the said kitchen with free ingress, egress and regress into the same kitchen at all times and also all my old stable which adjoins to the west side of my house, the west end of my barn to have hay or straw in, and half the rest of my barn, and also the upper gates for her cattle. Item - I give to the said Agnys my wife all my garden which adjoins the east side of my said house and all my orchard which adjoins to the said garden on the south side of my said house from the new pale that adjoins the said garden on the eastside unto the home field on the west side and extends from the said house on the north side unto the little mead on the south side To have and to hold all the said garden and orchard unto the said Agnys and her assignees enduring the time of her natural life. And after the death of the said Agnys, my wife, I will that all the said pier 313, chambers, lofts, garret 314 hall kitchen, Coop, stable, barn, gates and garden and orchard aforesaid shall remain wholly unto Robert Quennell my brother and to the heirs of his body lawfully begotten for ever Item - I give and bequeath unto the said Agnys my wife during the time of her natural life (without destruction and waste) all my lands called Anstrood and Anstrood fields with all and singular rents, profits and commodities of the same with one barn thereon which some-time was the land of one Mr. Denham as by evidences thereof made unto me from one Mr. Covert may appear. Also I give and bequeath unto the said Agnys my wife all that my one piece of land called Rovis 315 with all and singular the appurtenances. And also one close of ground with the watercourse which I bought of the said Mr. Covert adjoining to the said land called Rovis enduring the time of her natural life without stype316 and waste by yielding and paying therefore yearly enduring her said natural life unto the said Robert Quennell his heirs or assignees six shillings eight pennies of good and lawful money of England at two feasts and terms in the year most visual by even portions. And if of fortune the said Annual Rent of six shillings and eight pennies or any part thereof to be behind and not paid by the space of sixteen days after any of the feasts in which it ought to be paid The same being lawfully asked or demanded of the said Agnys or her assignees.
the appurtenance 320 and all my moytie part and purparty of South Imbham with all the appurtenance and commodities to her unto belonging together with all rents, services, issues, ward, heryote, escheat 321, prerequisite of courts and court baron to the said moytie part and purparty belonging or in anywise appertaining shall also remain wholly unto the said Robert Quennell, my brother and to the heirs of his body lawfully begotten for ever And if it shall fortune the said Agnys my wife to marry at any time during her natural life then I will that my said wife shall let (the said pier, chambers, lofts, orchard and garden aforesaid, The said lands called Anstroode, The Lands called Rovis which the said close of land and watercourse that I brought of Mr. Coverte together with all the said Lands called Padbrooke and also the said moytie part and purparty of the manor of South Imbham with all and singular the appurtenance, commodities, rents, services, issues, fines, amercyaments, wards, heryote escheat prerequisites of courts and court baron to the same belonging) to fermes 322 unto the said Robert Quennell my brother & his heirs or assignees for so much Annual or yearly rent unto the said Agnys or her assignees to be paid enduring the natural life of her the said Agnys as shall be thought meet by my overseers and two other friends of my said wife whom she will chose Item - I give & bequeath unto Peter Quennell my brother all those my lands in Chiddinfold called Harwells the Leecrofte and Harwels meade 323 To have and to hold all the said lands called Harwells, the Leecrofte and Harwels meade unto the said Peter Quennell his heirs and assignees for ever more except and always reserved unto my said brother Robert Quennell and to his heirs for ever two reasonable loads of indifferent hay out of the said meade called Harwels Meade to be yearly perceived 324, mowed, made and carried by the said Robert Quennell or his heirs within seven nights after the feast of St. John the Baptist for evermore So that he bears and pays all men of Rents and service issuing out of all the same premises for ever and thereof acquit, exonerate and say harmless the said Peter Quennell his heirs and assignees for evermore Item - I give and bequeath unto the said Robert Quennell my brother and to the heirs of his body lawfully begotten for ever all that my meswage 325 called Lyeth Hill in
Item - I give and bequeath unto my said brother John Quennell ten pounds (of the current money of England) and one cow to be paid & delivered to him or his assignees within three years next after my death Item - I will that Richard Hardonne, my cousin shall be guardian and have the custody of my said brother Peter Quenell and also have the tenure, occupation and Receive the Rent of all his lands tenements & heredytaments whatsoever until the said Peter shall accomplish his full age of twenty and four years and then at that age of twenty four to render any accompte 328 thereof unto him Item - I give and bequeath unto Catharyn Quennell my sister six pounds thirteen shillings and four pence to be paid and delivered to her wi thin three years after my death Item - I give and bequeath to Elynor Quennell, my cousin, two ewes to be delivered to her within one year next after my death And six pounds thirteen shillings and four pennies to be paid to her at the day of her marriage And I will that she continue until the time of her marriage in service with Agnys my wife Item - I give to Robert Page my servant one cow to be delivered to him within one month next after my death and six pounds thirteen shillings and four pennies to be paid to him within one year next after my death Item - I give to William Wodier, my servant ,one heifer bullock of the age of three years such as one as my supervisors will appoint to be delivered within one month next after my death Item - I give to William Allyn, my servant, three ewe tegge 329 to be delivered to him within two months next after my death
chains meet for them my new wollen wheles 334 my young bay Amblynge335 mare, my black Amblynge mare with a white star in the forehead two stears now going in Anstroode the one having a brended 336 face and the other being a vellow stear with white face, one brown heifer going with the said two stars in persaid ground of Anstroode and one other heifer of cooler Red with a star in the forehead Item - I give to the said Agnys my wife twelve of my best ewes and twelve Lambs, my five hogs of one sort being about two years old at Michaelmas last, two Red hogs going among my wild hogs and half my wheat and Rye that I have now growing on the ground and also half my oats that I have now growing on the ground (except all the oats now growing in the two Snow fields) Item - I give to the said Agnys my wife one acre of grass in the Hearnelonde which I bought of one William Wakeforde for this one year To be mown made and carried away within a fortnight after midsummer next (if the said Wakeforde have no cattle going therein this spring time but if his cattle eat it this spring Then the said Agnys to cause the same to be made mown & carried at some seasonable time after midsummer as the said Wakeforde and she can agree therefore), and my said wife to pay him in money twelve pennies at the carrying away of the said hay which I owe him Also I give to the said Agnys my wife all my poultry whatsoever, my three best beds with bolsters, pillows and pillow cases belonging to them, my best bedstead (except one) all my sheets (except three pairs of canvas sheets) all my best blankets (except one pair), my three best coverlets & one Quilt, all my pewter vessels, (except five pewter platters, two pewter dishes and one basin which were my father’s), my best and my least two candlesticks, my best brass pots, my best and my least two kettles, and my kettle which was bound with iron by Hewghe the Smithy, my posnet 337 of brass bells, my least Skyllet 338 of brass, and the occupation of my Caldron as often as she shall have need, so long time as she shall be dwelling at Lythe Hill aforesaid and also half of all my of my wooden vessels to be equally divided (except my best vate 339 and my best kyfe 340)
Item - I give and bequeath to Anne Wodyer vidue 343 my best barren cow (of five) except two to be delivered to her within one month next after my death. The Residue of all my goods, chattels and chattels moveable’s and immovable’s not given nor bequeathed in this my last will and testament my debts and legacies being performed and paid and my funeral ended in such manner and form as is before specified I give and bequeath unto Robert Quennell my said brother whom I make my sole whole and full executor of this my last will and testament And I ordain, constitute and appoint Richard Haredonne, my cousin, and George Wakeforde of Gretham, my supervisors of this my last will and testament to see this my last will performed and kept by my said executors according to the true meaning thereof And I give unto the said Richard Haredonne for his pains in and absolute the execution of the premises twenty eight shillings and eight pennies and to the said George for his travail and pains in and absolute the same twenty shillings. And thus I make an end of this my last will and testament In witnesses whereof I the said Thomas Quennell unto the same have subscribed my mark with mine own hand and also have put my Seale the day and year above written In the Presence of John Brodefolde, Walter Gace, Robert Philippe, Robert Page and Richard Haredonne the writer hereof. Part of a seal attached bearing the effigy of St. Andrew. Proved in the Court of the Archdeaconry of Surrey, 22 August 1571. Original Middle English version transcribed by Rev. T S COOPER, M.A., F.S.A, Surrey Archaeological Collections, 1900. Pub. Surrey Archaeological Society Notes: •
•
Though the general content of the text transcribed by Rev. Cooper remains the English syntax in use in 1900 has also been updated in parts to provide a clearer understanding of the text Additional footnotes to the text have been added where Rev. Cooper did not provide explanations of some Middle English terms
Appendix 15: Transcription of - A note what arms every man hath laid downe out of Captaine Queanels band. August 1642 16 42344
Godalmin345 Corsletts/346 Joshua Taught whole armes George Taught whole armes John Perryer no armes John French whole armes Robert Chandler no armes Henry Chitty347 no armes Nathaniel Wepham 348 whole armes Thomas Woods no armes Musquetteeres/349 John Chittye350 no armes William Smith whole armes except sworde and headpoote 351 Henry Denyer352 whole armes except a headpoote John Hooke whole armes Laurence Keene whole arms except a headpoote Thomas Michanell 353 whole armes Francomb354 1 Common Corslet/ Henry Bowler355 whole armes Musqetteers/ 1 Common Musquetteer John Plonker whole armes John Page whole armes except sword and headpoote Binscomb356
John Jackman whole armes except a sword John Thawyer whole armes except sword and headpoote Jeremy Coale whole armes Compton 1 Common Corslet Richard Snellinge362 whole armes except sword and headpoote Shackleford363 2 common Musqets Default/ Musquets William Billinghurst 364 whole armes Hartmore365 George Chitty366 whole armes except a sword Artington367 John Maybank whole armes except a headpoote Robert Palmer368 whole armes except a sword Musquet John Peto369 whole armes except a headpoote Tewsly370 Musquet Martin Passingham whole armes except sword and headpoote Laborne371 Common Musquet Thomas Callingham 372 whole armes Thomas Nickland whole armes except sword and headpoote
Thomas Hendy whole armes except a sword Robert Kinge whole armes Musquetts/ Robert Kinge whole armes except a sword Thomas Curtis whole armes William Crabbe whole armes except sword and headpoote Richard Baker 378 whole armes except a sword Henry Lowland whole armes except a headpoote Thomas Lowland whole armes except a sword William Banister whole armes Wanburrow/379 Corslet Osdwall Stanton whole armes except a sword Ash Henry Faggatter380 whole armes except a headpoote Thomas Choft whole armes John Remnant 381 whole armes except a headpoote Richard Heather 382 whole armes Musquet Thomas Remnant 383 whole armes except a sword Purbright384 Corslets/ Richard Wood whole armes John Faggatter whole armes except a headpoote Musquetts/ William Collings whole armes except a sword George Lee385 whole armes except a sword
Authors note: Dates of birth and death are notoriously difficult to pin down and their accuracy deteriorates as research progresses further into the past. The sequence of generations is correct and is verified by research sources though some adjustment to the dates of birth and death have been made based on such things as legal documents, court hearings, undergraduate admissions, marriage dates, child bearing age, etc., etc. In the Monument Room at Guildford is the Quennell family tree. In Surrey Archaeological Collections, Volume X there is a Quennell pedigree in the article "The Visitation of Surrey made approximately 1623 by Samuell Thomson et al" edited by Joseph Jackson Howard. Additional References: The Patent Rolls ( Calendarium Rotulorum Patentium, Rotuli litterarum patentium) are primary sources for English history, a record of the King of England's correspondence, starting in 1202. The record the letters patent, or royal letters issued unsealed, and were started under the Chancellorship of Hubert Walter. This was during the reign of King John of England, and the patent roll was started in order to keep track of letters that had been issued by the government. Instead of keeping the records in a register or book form, they were written on sheets which were stitched together into long rolls to form a roll for each year. Saul, Nigel A Companion to Medieval England 1066–1485 Stroud: Tempus 2000 ISBN 0-7524-2969-8 p. 116 List of famines and pestilences in England to 1894. http://www.fraser-courtman.co.uk A Timeline of English History. http://www.localhistories.org/timeline.html
Author’s relationship with the Quennells
Trevor Skingle 1957 ↓
Victor Skingle 1928-1995 ↓
Violet Jales 1907-1991 ↓
Uncle Henry William Jales 1876-1957 ↓
Mother in Law Eliza Jane Ellis 1856-1906 ↓
Mother in Law Ellen Melville 1822-1907 ↓
Brother William Melville 1828-1905 ↓
Wife Eliza Dodson 1833-1914 ↓
Mother Eliza Crandley 1809-1866 ↓
Father James Crandley 1722-1838 ↓
Area Map (Google Maps) Compton
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