A Correlational Study between Facebook Intensity Usage and Social Anxiety of Senior High School Students in FEBNHS

Francisco E. Barzaga National High School City School Division of Dasmariñas

A Correlational Study between Facebook Intensity Usage and Social Anxiety of Senior High School Students in FEBNHS

Research Adviser: Ms. Yamasaki Ariane Divina October, 2017

Awing, Mark Joseph

Mandia, Sherlyn Jhen

Manalo, Jester

Millena, Sarah Mae

Moises, Ramil

Nuga, Ronalyn

Ramos, Rodolfo

Torre, Marnie

Saliva, Robin Jaycob

Versoza, Johan

Trumata, Dominic

Zuniega, Roselyn

Social Anxiety: Awing, Manalo, Moises, Ramos, Saliva, Trumata, Mandia, Millena, Nuga, Torre, Versoza, Zuniega

Dedication The researchers dedicated this project to their parents for showing unconditional support, love and patience: for encouraging them to work hard and accomplish challenges in life by trusting God who gives guidance and knowledge. This research is also dedicated to the participants of this study and most especially to everyone who values and recognizes the efforts of the researchers because this is a new way to improve learning process.


Acknowledgement The completion of this paper could not have been possible without the contribution and support of several people whose names may not be all specified. Their participations are sincerely appreciated and gratefully acknowledged. However, the researchers would like to thank all those whose assistance proved to be a milestone in the accomplishment of their end goal particularly to the following: The researchers would like to express their deepest appreciation to their preceptor, Ms. Yamasaki Ariane Divina, who has a substance of genius for tirelessly answering their questions for the better and success of this study. She continually and convincingly conveyed a spirit of adventure in regard to make and launches a manuscript. Without her guidance and persistent, this dissertation would not have been feasible. To all family, friends, classmates and others who walk through with them and shared their support either morally, physically and financially, thank you. They would like to express their sincere gratitude to all of their participants who allocated their time and cooperated by answering the questionnaire. But most especially, they would also like to thank the teachers of FEBIHS who have sacrificed their time and lesson for the researchers to administer their questionnaire. Above all, they thank Almighty God as the source of knowledge and who gave them wisdom, strength, courage, and guidance all throughout the study.


Abstract The use of social media like Facebook is a common phenomenon nowadays among teenagers because it provides them opportunities to express and gather information and most especially people who are anxious. Researches expected that students with social anxiety are possibly Facebook addicts. Little is known about this. Therefore, a correlational study (N=150) focuses on relationship between social anxiety and Facebook intensity usage among Senior High School students of Francisco E. Barzaga Integrated High School (FEBIHS). The intensity of Facebook usage was measured through Facebook Intensity Scale and Social Anxiety was measured through the use of Interpersonal Anxiety Scale. The results shows that p value of .174 is greater than 0.05. Therefore, it can be concluded that social anxiety has weak relationship with Facebook intensity usage.


Table of Contents Page Chapter I: Background of the Study

1

Introduction

1

Rationale

3

Statement of the Problem

4

Significance of the Study

4

Scope and Limitation

5

Conceptual Framework

6

Hypothesis

6

Definition of Terms

7

Chapter II: Review of Related Literature

9

Conceptual Literature

9

Research Literature

16

Summary

22

Synthesis

22

Chapter III: Research Methodology

23

Research Design

23

Sampling and Participants

23

Instrumentation

25

Reliability and Validity

27

Data Gathering Procedure

27

Statistical Treatment

28

Chapter IV: Result and Discussion

29

Descriptive Statistics of Facebook Usage

29

Descriptive Statistics of Social Anxiety

31

Pearson Product Correlation

32


Chapter V: Conclusion and Recommendation

34

Conclusion

34

Recommendation

35

Bibliography

37

Appendix A: Approval Letter

40

Appendix B: Informed Consent

41

Appendix C: Inventories

42

Curriculum Vitae

47


Chapter I Background of the Study Introduction Nowadays, people are living in a society called virtual society which means that people are living with social networking sites (SNS) as part of their lives. Online social networking sites such as Facebook has grown in popularity in recent years and provide easy access to personal information and in communication. When people look on the brighter side, Facebook has done much positive effect in today’s generation. It can be the way to access long distance relationship with friends and family, it can be the medium for communication especially in doing group projects and assignments which Facebook serves as the way to finish group task. On the other hand, Facebook cause much negative effect in today’s generation that leads to bad social interaction anxiety which affect the behavior of one’s people. It can be disincentive to not get things accomplished and successful. Social media has modified the way people socialize. Through that, they can now remain in constant connect with hundreds of so-called friends, even ones they rarely see personally. The impact of social media on society has caused researchers to identify whether its effect is positive or negative. The findings are mixed, showing both benefits and downsides to the use of social media sites. One area of focus in these studies is the effect of social media on mental health. Recent research has shown that using social networking sites, namely Facebook, can increase people’s stress levels, produce anxiety and negatively affect a person’s sense of self. Using these sites might even cause a person to develop a mental health disorder or exacerbate an existing one. Social media even has the power to quickly spread moods around the world. 1 Social Anxiety: Awing, Manalo, Moises, Ramos, Saliva, Trumata, Mandia, Millena, Nuga, Torre, Versoza, Zuniega

Social media sites provide places where people can create the face they want the world to see. Creating a profile allows a person to decide exactly what image to present to others. For some people, this can lead to a near-obsession. This could reflect a person’s self-esteem, according to one study. This study looked into the association between a person’s self-esteem and how much time he or she spent on maintaining his or her profile, specifically what actions they performed to create their online persona. Those with lower self-esteem cared more about what others had posted about them on Facebook and were more likely to remove certain posts to ensure their profile remained a reflection of the image they wanted to portray. They might even scour Facebook and other networking sites to ensure that there are no negative remarks or unflattering photos. Conversely, those with high self-esteem spend time creating their own profile, adding pictures and information about themselves to show the world their ultimate persona. Another study showed that Facebook increases people’s anxiety levels by making them feel inadequate and generating excess worry and stress. Social media provides constant updates. This motivates many people to continually check their status and newsfeed on mobile devices. Some people feel a constant impulse to check for updates, only feeling relief when they turn off the mobile device. In this study, over half of the respondents felt uneasy when they were unable to access their social media and email accounts. Additionally, two-thirds had difficulty sleeping due to anxiety and other negative emotions after they had used the sites. The constant updates also led many respondents to frequently compare themselves to others, leading to feelings of inadequacy. This anxiety and worry creates chronic stress that could lead to health problems, including mental health issues.

2 Social Anxiety: Awing, Manalo, Moises, Ramos, Saliva, Trumata, Mandia, Millena, Nuga, Torre, Versoza, Zuniega

Facebook also can increase the amount of social anxiety a person has upon meeting someone for the first time, according to another recent study. Prior to this study, experts hypothesized that for those with social anxiety, looking at a person’s Facebook or other social media profile prior to meeting could help alleviate some of their feelings of nervousness. Reviewing someone’s social media profile is a way to get to know someone prior to meeting them. Other studies have shown that people with social anxiety prefer communicating with people via the Internet rather than in person, so it would seem as though it would be an ideal way to initiate relationships. Facebook also has the power to affect one’s mood and even spread that mood globally, according to a recent study. Researchers focused on weather patterns and their effect on a person’s mood. They found that when it rained in one location, making people feel gloomier and subsequently posting negative comments, it caused an increase in bad moods of people who were friends with those people on Facebook but lived farther away, in places where it was not raining. Likewise, people whose friends posted cheery status updates tended also to have a more positive mood, at least reflected by their status posts. The researchers found that for every negative post, there were an extra 1.29 negative posts than normal in that person’s social network. Happy posts had an even stronger effect, with every upbeat statement causing an extra 1.75 positive posts in the social network. It should be noted some of these researchers were Facebook employees. Rationale Social anxiety is a psychological disorder in which an individual has fear of communicating with other people face-to-face. Individuals who suffer from this is usually use 3 Social Anxiety: Awing, Manalo, Moises, Ramos, Saliva, Trumata, Mandia, Millena, Nuga, Torre, Versoza, Zuniega

social media instead as means of communication in order to cover up their fear, they use SNS like Facebook or through text messages. Researchers aim to help people who are suffering from this kind of situation. Therefore, people can help themselves to overcome their fear and improve their communication skills not just that but also their self-esteem. Statement of the Problem This purpose of this study is to compare the Facebook usage of SHS students in FEBNHS and their social relationship with other people and also to identify whose students are only communicate well on social networking sites rather than communicating personally. This problem is made more specific in the following questions: 1. What is the mean score of the SHS students on Facebook Intensity Scale? 2. What is the mean score of the SHS students on Interpersonal Anxiety Scale? 3. Is there any significant relationship that may exist between Facebook Intensity Usage and Social Anxiety? Significance of the Study The results of the study will be of great benefit to the following: STUDENTS. The result would provide the students with some knowledge on social anxiety and intense Facebook usage of how it can be lessen because as they read this study, they are somehow help to overcome their fear. It will also give the students’ a realization that having fear on interacting with other people is not helpful which may affect people around them. Moreover, this would also help them to boost their self-esteem, improve their social skills and most importantly remove the concept of being introvert.


TEACHERS. The given data would guide the teachers on what to do with their students who experience social fear. The teachers would be able to understand on why students have social anxiety and later on, they will be able to provide solutions in order to help their students express themselves, improve social function and participation in class. In addition to that, teachers can also encourage their students by letting them to join in various activities such as school clubs, performing arts and sports. PARENTS. Like the teachers, the parents too will understand why their children experience this kind of problem through the given data. The given data will somehow help them to formulate some actions or solutions to help their sons/daughters from having social fear. Parents could talk with their children like parent-student counseling in order for them to know the reason behind and they should also show support and give words of encouragement so that their sons/daughters would boost their self-confidence. Scope and Limitation This study will only discuss if there is a relationship exists between the two variables which are Facebook intensity usage and social anxiety. This would also discuss if social media, specifically Facebook can improve social function of an individuals who experience social fear. This will limit to One Fifthy (150) participants in both grades 11 and 12 in FEBNHS sincestudents are much more exposed in social networking sites. The results of this study are applicable to the respondents of this study and to the people who also experience social anxiety.


Conceptual Framework Social Anxiety

Anxious Attachment

Social Rejection

Facebook Intensity Usage

Social Depression

This study will use two variables which are Facebook intensity usage and social anxiety. Social anxiety has other factors that are concerned with it, first factor would be anxious attachment where people who are anxious or preoccupied with attachment tend to have less positive views about themselves. Second, social rejection occurs when an individual is deliberately excluded from a social relationship or social interaction. The topic includes interpersonal rejection or peer rejection, romantic rejection and familial estrangement. Lastly, as they feel rejected they would feel social depression or feeling down in general. Moreover, this diagram shows if these factors can greatly help to improve or lessen social fear through the help of Facebook or other social media sites to cover up their fear. Hypothesis The hypothesis will be raised in the study and will be tested at .05 level of significance. Ho: There is no significant relationship between Facebook Intensity Usage and Social Anxiety. 6 Social Anxiety: Awing, Manalo, Moises, Ramos, Saliva, Trumata, Mandia, Millena, Nuga, Torre, Versoza, Zuniega

Definition of Terms This section includes a discussion of the key concepts to be used in this study. These concepts serve to provide a context for the current research project and are defined according to their concept and application to this study. Conceptual and Operational definition: Cognitive– relating to or involving conscious mental activities. -emotional and volitional processes Cyber bullying- form of bullying/harassment using electronic devices as form of contact Cyberspace- the notional environment in which communication over computer network occurs -can communicate with one another ( can be harassment) Depression- feelings or severe despondency and dejection -serious medical illness Extraversion- the act, state, or habit of being predominantly concerned with and obtaining gratification from the outside self -an individual who always enjoys being around with people or being the center of attention Facebook- social networking site/website -Used as variable 1 Introvert – shy, a reticent person 7 Social Anxiety: Awing, Manalo, Moises, Ramos, Saliva, Trumata, Mandia, Millena, Nuga, Torre, Versoza, Zuniega

-An individual who enjoys being alone Loneliness- sadness because one has no friends or company -a depressing feeling Neuroticism- character, condition or state -an individual or more who tend to have more depressing moods, suffering from feelings of guilt, envy, anger and anxiety more frequently. Social Anxiety – fear of social situations that involve interaction with other people. -Used as variable 2 Social disorders- excessive fear of embarrassment in social situations that extremely intrusive and can have debilitating effects on personal relationships. -fear of one or more social situations Social Media – websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking -electronic sites Social self-esteem – a person overall subjective emotional evaluation of his/her own worth -an evaluation of an individual of his/her own worth Vulnerable – susceptible to physical or emotional attack or harm -weak


Chapter II Review of Related Literature This chapter presented the related literature after the thorough and in-depth search done by the researchers. This also presented the conceptual literature and research literature to fully understand the research to be done. Conceptual Literature Facebook Intensity Usage Facebook is one of the famous online networking sites it also provides individuals to access easily and view personal information about their friends, families and even their complete strangers. Therefore, Facebook reach 500 million active users and 700 billion minutes are spent in Facebook (2011). With expansion of online networking site more individuals are using technologies to communicate with their family, friends through online. Facebook can notify a user if they had received a mail. However, 96 percent of students have a Facebook account given the popularity of social networking sites (2011). The social networking sites such as Facebook allows users to add friends and keep track of their statuses, interests, photos, likes and updates of others. Even though some researchers believes that online activities have a negative impact in relationships and feared that virtual communication will replace the face-to-face interaction and deteriorate social bond (2004). Facebook can fulfill curiosity and enhanced social bond’s, it can also cause stress and negative feeling. The phenomena of using internet are determining people to use Facebook as it 9 Social Anxiety: Awing, Manalo, Moises, Ramos, Saliva, Trumata, Mandia, Millena, Nuga, Torre, Versoza, Zuniega

is socially influenced by others. ( Teo et.al, 2009)(Foreign). Facebook usage could help students to receive online social support; however, online social support had little effect on well-being. (Liu& Yu, 2013)(Foreign). Facebook addiction is a type of addiction in texting, which users keep coming back to the site to check their timeline, make comments, post pictures, and chat in messenger. Users may not be addicted to the medium itself, but they may be addicted to particular internet activities. (Griffiths et.al, 2000)(Foreign).. Therefore, people only use Facebook to communicate with other people and send private messages to share private information on confidentially. Facebook is cheap and easily connect to other for maintain the new relationship with other country members. Students use Facebook to be in touch with distance friends and family members rather than making romantic relationships (Stern and Taylor, 2007)(Foreign).. However, those who use Facebook intensely were more likely to compare themselves with others and had a negative feeling from comparison. Along the same line Facebook usage was linked to negative social comparison, which would lead to negative perception about person’s social competence and physical attractiveness. (Lee et.al, 2014; De Vries and Kuhne, 2015)(Foreign).. Furthermore, using internet can avoid face-to-face interactions, but that using the internet to replace physical interaction results in poorer general well-being. Specifically, individuals with social anxiety tend to partake in “problematic” internet use. That is, those with anxiety tended to feel overly safe online and therefore participated in riskier interactions (Lee and Stapinski, 2012)(Foreign).. 10 Social Anxiety: Awing, Manalo, Moises, Ramos, Saliva, Trumata, Mandia, Millena, Nuga, Torre, Versoza, Zuniega

Therefore, those who are high on extraversion are likely to be in Facebook groups. High on neuroticism are always be on wall post as it is their favorite part on Facebook. Further openness individual reported that facebook is the source to be sociable to Facebook, and how has Facebook usage affected people's social relationships. Moreover, Excessive use of Facebook has been a recent issue. Scholars have examined various topics such as personality traits and Facebook use (Lee, Ahn, & Kim, 2014; Moore & McElroy, 2012; Pornsakulvanich&Dumrongsiri, 2012; Ross et al., 2009; Ryan &Xenos, 2011)(Foreign)., social comparison and Facebook use (de Vries &Kuhne, 2015)(Foreign)., self-presentation on Facebook (Seidman, 2013)(Foreign)., and Facebook use and well-being (Liu & Yu, 2013)(Foreign).. Also, many studies found that excessive use of Facebook was affected by personality and usage behavioral patterns (Hong, Huang, Lin, & Chiu, 2014; Tang, Chen, Yang, Chung, & Lee, 2016)(Foreign).. Further, different studies also mentioned that extraverted users are more Facebook user than the introverted users (Ryan. et.al. 2011)(Foreign).. Different types of personality traits are related with Facebook use. As mentioned in many studies extraverts have large connection with internet sites, conscientious people are less user of Facebook and other net worksites, agreeableness people used facebook wall as they focus on themselves and want other too look them. On other hand neuroticism link with the time spent on Facebook (Moore. et.al. 2010)(Foreign).. Social Anxiety Social Anxiety as broadly refers to the resources accumulated through the relationship among people therefore; Facebook can improve social function (Social Self-esteem) when 11 Social Anxiety: Awing, Manalo, Moises, Ramos, Saliva, Trumata, Mandia, Millena, Nuga, Torre, Versoza, Zuniega

individuals received encouraging comments through online (Valkenfurg, Peter, and Schouter, 2006)(Foreign).. Social phobia, social anxiety is considered one specific type of anxiety disorder and is characterized by fear of apprehension surrounding social behaviors such as eating in public, meeting strangers, and many other public actions. Basically, individuals afflicted with such anxiety worry about being scrutinized, not fitting in or not being accepted. (Liebowitz, 1987)(Foreign). Facebook Intensity Usage and Social Anxiety Internet use is related to both positive and negative psychological and social factors, but the only key in understanding these outcomes is through examining specific types of Internet use instead of amount of time spent online. However, exploring the relationship between Facebook use and social anxiety is different from individuals with varying degrees of self-esteem (Roesnberg, 1989)(Foreign).. Individuals who suffer from social anxiety and low self-esteem have a lot to gain from using SNS. Yet, paradoxically, these individuals are less likely to do so. One study in particular found that online social communication skills and self-esteem are correlated, indicating a link between the strength of offline relationships and time spent online; this might not work to the advantage of socially anxious individuals for whom offline relationships are difficult to forge in the first place (Jacobsen &Forste, 2011)(Foreign).. Moreover, individuals tend to be more socially engaged and have experienced enhanced online social interactions (Buote, Wood & Pratt, 2009; Forest & Wood, 2012)(Foreign).. Facebook is used to maintain existing offline relationships (Ellison, Vitak, Gray & Lampe, 12 Social Anxiety: Awing, Manalo, Moises, Ramos, Saliva, Trumata, Mandia, Millena, Nuga, Torre, Versoza, Zuniega

2014)(Foreign).. Similarities and differences between online and offline friendships were explored in the study of Buote et al. (2009). Facebook provides new avenues for young adults that will express themselves and also to interact with one another. In the other hand, a significant correlation between self-esteem and who were checking the Facebook per day and between self esteem and the time spent in Facebook per session also presented less self promoting content on Facebook pages ( Kalpidoo, Costin& Morris, 2010)(Foreign).. Furthermore, those who used Facebook intensely were more likely to compare themselves with others and had a negative feeling from the comparison. Along the same line, de Vries and Kuhne (2015)(Foreign). found that Facebook usage was linked to negative social comparison, which would lead to negative perception about a person's social competence and physical attractiveness. Furthermore, even if it is possible for SNS to aid people suffering from social anxiety and low self-esteem by providing them with an opportunity to establish new relationships at a diminished cost of entry, the formation of weak ties does not necessarily translate into the kind of relationships that psychologists associate with social bonding. Individuals are addictive on social media to overcome their anxiety by the use of social sites. Agreeableness people used Facebook wall as they focus on themselves and want other to look them. On the other hand neuroticism link with the time spent on Facebook (Moore et.al, 2010)(Foreign).. Facebook usage has become epidemic and significant in people's lives and well-being. Communicating through Facebook has changed the way people connect with their social networks. With the various functions that Facebook offers, it allows users to do multiple 13 Social Anxiety: Awing, Manalo, Moises, Ramos, Saliva, Trumata, Mandia, Millena, Nuga, Torre, Versoza, Zuniega

activities such as presenting themselves to others, maintaining existing relationships, and building new networks and relationships. As a consequence, some users may spend a great amount of time on Facebook and their usage may affect social relationships. Nevertheless, others have found support for the idea that social networking sites and the Internet expanding the methods of staying socially connected with friends, others and increased relationship closeness and connectedness. Social networking sites such as Facebook allows users to add friends, and keep track about their statuses, interests, photos, likes, and update about their personal information in cyberspace (2009). Individuals who consider friends and friend relationships important to their esteem are more activity engaged and emotionally connected using Facebook. Personality dimension measures were not significantly connected to Facebook intensity overall. Even so, there was a marginally significant negative correlation between conscientiousness and Facebook intensity. Howbeit, the power of this relationship was weak. According to the literature of Internet Psychology there’s an analog phenomenon termed the “internet paradox”. Internet use has been associated with increased levels of loneliness, depression, and decreased social support which may reduce social involvement and psychological well-being (Kraut et.al, 2002)(Foreign).. However, personality trait such as self-monitoring is related to Facebook usage and social support, how the behavior in a given situation of high self-monitors who are well adjusted differ in their Facebook usage from low self-monitors who are less likely to adjust themselves to a given situation, who is more addicted.


Communicating through Facebook has change the way people connect with their social networks. It allows users to do multiple activities such a presenting themselves to others, maintaining existing relationship, and building new networks and relationships. On the other hand, the number of Facebook friends is negatively linked to self-esteem and academic adjustment (Kapidou et.al, 2011)(Foreign)., positively related to jealousy and relationship dissatisfaction (Elphinston and Noller, 2011)(Foreign)., and greater Facebook use predicts declines in cognitive and effective well being overtime (Kross et.al, 2013)(Foreign).. Moreover, frequent Facebook interactions have also been found to be associated with greater stress directly and indirectly via two-step pathway comprising of increased communication overload and reduced self-esteem (Chen and lee, 2013)(Foreign).. According to the studies extraverted people are more Facebook users than the introverted users (Ryan et.al, 2011)(Foreign).. Individual who were more socially oriented and high on neuroticism tended to be more likely to seek social contact via Facebook (Hughes et.al, 2012)(Foreign).. However, advantages of using Facebook, positively linked to students’ life satisfaction, social trust, civic engagement, and political participation (Valenzuela et.al, 2009)(Foreign). Therefore, Facebook associated with three (3) types of social capital; Bonding (tightly knit, emotionally strong relationship), bridging (broader identities and generalized reciprocity), and maintenance (connection to a previously inhabited community) (Ellison et.al, 2007)(Foreign)..

However, social media may cause some anxiety, and people suffer from higher fever of it. As Katherine bindley, (2013)(Foreign). reported that amount of time spent on Facebook 15 Social Anxiety: Awing, Manalo, Moises, Ramos, Saliva, Trumata, Mandia, Millena, Nuga, Torre, Versoza, Zuniega

reduce the anxiety as people feel pleasant while having good conversation with love one. She also found anxious people use more Facebook to control their physiological problems and reduce the sign of depression (www.huffingtonpost.com). Research Literature Facebook Intensity Usage Facebook is the most inexpensive and convenient way to communicate with a social network and dubbed as the world’s most well-liked social network service today has grown to an estimated 1 billion users since its launch in 2004. In Philippines alone there are about 3 million active users as of2012- making it as 8th country in the world with the most number of uses. The social networking site Facebook has gained enormous amount of popularity and is the one of the fastest growing social media sites (Fischer, 2012)(Foreign).. Facebook use has increased rapidly from 20 minutes a day to 70 minutes daily (kligensmith, 2010)(Foreign).. According to the studies, Philippines has the largest age group of Facebook user currently in 18-24 with total of 12 million users, followed by the users in the age of 25-34. Reasons for joining social media, to meet new people, to communicate information, to express their beliefs, and some joined Facebook out of boredom. This phenomenal advancement of social networking is no doubt has revolutionized the concept of socialization and communication among adolescence. Facebook provides individual with easy access to view personal information about their friends, co-workers and even their complete strangers. Using social media has numerous advantages that everyone can acquire including interaction with family and friends. This is a opportunity for them to be connected, develop cognitive abilities and exchange of an idea 16 Social Anxiety: Awing, Manalo, Moises, Ramos, Saliva, Trumata, Mandia, Millena, Nuga, Torre, Versoza, Zuniega

(Tynes, 2007)(Foreign).. Facebook users can add friends, update their status, share opinions, exchange messages both publically and privately, share captured moments and their location whom over they are with that location. Facebook is easily accessible with more than half of the users using it on their mobile devices Facebook’s mission statement is “ to give people the power to share and to make the world more open and connected (Facebook.com ,2012). According to the studies of Peter, social networking sites can be addictive for some individuals. Due to the link between motivations of media use the development of addiction (2009). Even so, some researchers have aimed that online interactions, mitigating any loss from time spent online (Wellman, 2001)(Foreign).. Social networking sites such as Facebook provides a number of services to the user in that they can create their own profiles, generate a list of preferred connections, view and access their own list of network contacts and potentially that of other users (Boyd & Ellison, 2007)(Foreign).. The use of social network sites represents an important development in social interactions as they are increasingly taking place in virtual space. More and more individuals are using social networks to relate to one another. This also means that how we relate to others and interact with them may increasingly take place online. With the emergence and increased popularity of social networking sites, there has been a substantial increase in peer reviewed articles on the motivations, predictors and consequences of social network use (Macafee, 2013; Skues, Williams & Wise, 2012)(Foreign).. However, a number of studies have explored how social media stimulate sharing and relationship-building among their users. Researchers have also found that the perceived 17 Social Anxiety: Awing, Manalo, Moises, Ramos, Saliva, Trumata, Mandia, Millena, Nuga, Torre, Versoza, Zuniega

usefulness of a platform positively influences the adoption and spread of said technology by users (Hsieh, Hsieh, & Feng, 2011)(Foreign).. In the case of social networks, such as Facebook, the perception of building and maintaining relationships with people is fundamental as is a justification for their existence, even if their actual effectiveness is uncertain. According to the study, among Facebook users college students in particular are the heavy users. Reasons for joining this site include maintenance of relationship to meet new people, to communicate information, to express their beliefs, and some used Facebook out of boredom. Therefore, one of the most important functions of social networks is connecting users with other users. There is the possibility, therefore, that SNS might work as social lubricants that help people who struggle with real-life relationships initiate and establish social interactions with others (Forest & Wood, 2012)(Foreign).. Additionally, the costs associated with communicating with others (e.g. time, distance), the number and type of people with whom one keeps in touch (e.g. family, friends, coworkers), and the nature of the communication one has with them (e.g. personal messages, comments) have all been the subjects of change, thanks to social networks. Therefore, openness to experience was found to be related to higher levels of being sociable through Facebook. “One of the most surprising outcomes from the present study was the relatively few significant studies related to the variables” (Amichai-Hamburger and Vinitsky, 2010)(Foreign).. Facebook use and found that high self-monitors were associated with a high frequency of posting, had more friends, and posted a profile picture at a younger age. They also found that 18 Social Anxiety: Awing, Manalo, Moises, Ramos, Saliva, Trumata, Mandia, Millena, Nuga, Torre, Versoza, Zuniega

extroversion was correlated with self-monitoring. Another study reported a positive correlation between self-presentation and Facebook addiction (Masur, Reinecke, Ziegele, &Quiring, 2014)(Foreign). Social Anxiety People with social anxiety may prefer to use Facebook to communicate via private (MC Messages) over Facebook messenger in a way that would limit the possibility of other people negatively reacting to the Facebook profile (2017). However, higher daily social media use was associated with greater dispositional anxiety symptoms and an increased likelihood of having a probable anxiety disorder in a nationally sample of U.S emerging adults. Although, other studies have found that social media use is unrelated to worry, perceived stress, or social evaluative fears (Kross et.al., 2013; Hampton et.al., 2014; Muench et.al, 2015)(Foreign).. The social characteristics affected by depression or anxiety are also relevant to one’s sense of well-being. Current mental health theories suggest that the presence of well-being is not the same as the absence of mental illness; a complete model of mental health requires not just the absence of psychopathology, but also a focus on positive indices of functioning such as subjective well-being. Facebook Intensity Usage and Social Anxiety Facebook use can be habitual or excessive and some addicts use the site to escape from negative moods. College students who reported high levels of social anxiety are viewed by their peers as being vulnerable to threat, while those lower in social anxiety are not viewed in this way (Creed& Funder, 1993)(Foreign). 19 Social Anxiety: Awing, Manalo, Moises, Ramos, Saliva, Trumata, Mandia, Millena, Nuga, Torre, Versoza, Zuniega

Facebook to be positively related to feelings of loneliness, shyness, and “friend sickness”, which is described as the distress one experiences at the loss of old friends. Facebook intensity or high usage of Facebook, frequently of status updates, and updates intensity to be negatively related to self-esteem (Schwartz, 2016)(Foreign). Facebook users reported greater levels of support (emotional, instrumental, and companionship) than non-Facebook users. However, some studies found no relationship between SNS use and social support. Research has shown that the intensity of Facebook use did not predict bonding social capital (Vitak, Ellison, &Steinfield, 2011)(Foreign). Moreover, Social aspects of the Internet have been argued to augment social relationships and support mental health. SNSs in particular connect us to friends, family, colleagues, strangers, and celebrities and can help users to maintain and make new friendships, express thoughts and feelings, and express identity. However,the primary social functions that SNSs perform may augment the benefits of engaging in face-to-face interaction by extending the reach and accessibility of our social networks. Nowadays, Social media especially Facebook has been into the daily routine of an individual every people tend their social media updates, every minute, every hour, every day. Social websites have become a major medium for social interaction anxiety. Some social media may bring us positive effects but the other side it gives negative effect on the people of this generation. People will go through this when they have no control of their Facebook usage; addiction may occur that leads people to anxiety which is take-no-prisoners to escape.Moreover, the combined social connections capability and messaging features of Facebook may offer an appealing social media environment for users with social anxiety


However, there are negative impacts of using social media such as internet addiction, cyber bullying, depression and loneliness which affect both physical and psychological well being. Social anxiety is defined as an individual level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication another person/s (white, 2015)(Foreign). Social relationships are considered by many to be the most important component of human life due to the modern world that we live where in internet and social media are part of everyday life of an individual. Social media have a brighter side which are we can communicate our long distance love ones, friends and etc. and it can also medium of communication most especially when students have a assignments, group project and many more. Facebook may cause negative effects in an individual that may lead to be anti-social that affects the behavior of one’s people. Therefore, it is also possible that emerging adults with elevated anxiety symptomatology and more severe impairment tend to engaged in more social media use. Individuals with anxiety may engage in excessive reassurance seeking to validate their self-worth or reduce intolerable feelings of uncertainty worry through posting on social media sites more frequently to obtain comments and “likes” (Clerkin et.al., 2013)(Foreign). Anxious individuals also turn to social media frequently as a primary means of communication (vs. in person interaction) to regulate fears related to social evaluation and anticipated rejection (Valkenburg and Peter, 2009)(Foreign). Other

studies

found

that

extroverts

spent

more

time

on

Facebook

(Pornsakulvanich&Dumrongsiri, 2012)(Foreign), were more frequent users of Facebook (Seidman, 2013)(Foreign), had more friends, and uploaded photos and updated their status more frequently (Lee et al., 2014)(Foreign).)(Foreign).. 21 Social Anxiety: Awing, Manalo, Moises, Ramos, Saliva, Trumata, Mandia, Millena, Nuga, Torre, Versoza, Zuniega

Summary The researchers review the related literature that has been made and it was observed that the study were more focus on Facebook usage and Social Anxiety of an individual including the negative effects of social media in the individuals in the past years. According to the studies, social media are one effective way to escape from some serious problems. Social Media have both positive and negative effects in one individual. Also, Facebook is one of the most popular website nowadays, and it helps to communicate one individual for him/her family and friends. Synthesis The researchers conclude Social anxiety has a bigger number of related literatures therefore, the researchers will find out if Facebook helps anti-socials individuals to communicate with their loved ones and if there are negative or positive relationship between Facebook and social anxiety for further research by using surveys that will conduct to One Fifty (150) both grades 11 and 12 of Senior High School students.


CHAPTER III Research Methodology Research Design This research utilized non-experimental research label given to a study in which the researchers cannot control, manipulate or alter the predictor variable or subjects, but instead, relies on interpretation, observation or interactions to come to a conclusion. Typically, this means that non-experimental research must rely on correlations, surveys or case studies, and cannot demonstrate a true cause-and-effect relationship. Non-experimental research was intended to have a high level of external validity, meaning it can be generalized to a larger population (Kevin Kowalczyk, 2013). The researchers chose this kind of method since the researchers were identifying the relationship that may exist in the study that the researchers would have an interpretation to the results. Specifically, correlational study was used in this study which would have shown the relationship of the two variables. The researchers aimed to find the possible relationship that might exist between Facebook Intensity Usage and Social Anxiety. Sampling and Participants This study was employed probability type of sampling which was systematic sampling in which sample members from a larger population were selected according to a random starting point and a fixed periodic interval. This interval, called the sampling interval, is calculated by dividing the population size by the desired sample size. In this study, the ten (10) sections of both grades 11 and 12 were equally divided to get an equivalent number of participants. The respondents were only 15 in each section with the total of 150 however; these participants were drawn systematically based on the lists of their names. The participants from ABM were the first


fifteen (15) from list, while the participants from HUMSS were the middle fifteen (15) and the participants from AD were last fifteen (15) from the name list.

Sections

Total number of students

Percentage number of students chosen as participants

HUMMS 11 A

64

23.44%

HUMMS 11 B

65

23.08%

HUMMS 11 C

67

22.39%

HUMMS 12 A

44

34.09%

ABM 11 A

64

23.44%

ABM 11 B

64

23.44%

ABM 12 A

47

31.91%

ABM 12 B

47

31.91%

ARTS AND DESIGN 11 A

48

31.25%

ARTS AND DESIGN 12 A

30

50%

One Fifty students (150) participated in this study. These students came from Francisco E. BarzagaNational High School which was located in the City of Dasmariñas. The age of the participants was ranges from 17-20 years old and the combination of male and female. Since, the 24 Social Anxiety: Awing, Manalo, Moises, Ramos, Saliva, Trumata, Mandia, Millena, Nuga, Torre, Versoza, Zuniega

requirement for the research was students who have been engaged in social media, the researchers decided to pick Grades 11 and 12 as the participants in the study entitled: A Correlational Study between the Facebook Intensity Usage and Social Anxiety. Instrumentation The instruments used were standardized test scales which served as the main datagathering tool for this study to gather the needed data for student’s profile. The inventories used were Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) and Facebook Intensity Scale which both inventories were divided into two main sections: the profile and the questionnaire proper. The profile included the demographic characteristics of participants such as name, age, school, and gender. These tests were widely constructed and used to determine whose people were experiencing social anxiety and people who frequently used Facebook to cover up their fear in social interaction. The first inventory was the SIAS which measured distress when meeting and talking with others. It also assessed social anxiety disorder, which is fear or anxiety about one or more social situations where the individual is subject to possible scrutiny. The scale was comprised of 20 items. The participants were rate how much each item related to them on a 5 point scale such as 0 points: not at all characteristic of me, 1 point: slightly characteristic of me, 2 points: moderately characteristic of me, 3 points: very characteristic of me and 4 points: extremely characteristic of me. The point values of the chosen answer choices were then summed to produce a total measure score. However, this scale has reversed items which were numbers 5, 9 and 11 because these items were positive statement.


Social Interaction Anxiety Scale Scores

Interpretation

1-33

Does not experience

34-42

Social phobia

43 Above

Social Anxiety

The second inventory was Facebook Intensity scale which was an online assessment composed of 14 questions adapted upon work by N.B. Ellison, C. Steinfield and C. Lampe. The results were automatically presented of how high the intensity together with the interpretation. The Facebook intensity scale was created in order to obtain a better measure of Facebook usage than frequency or duration indices. Facebook Intensity Scale Scores

Interpretation

60&Up

High

49-59

Moderate

35-48

Normal

20-34

Low

0-19

Very low


Reliability and Validity It is evaluated through Cronbach's alpha, the SIAS demonstrates high levels of internal consistency, meaning that different items on the test are correlated. In addition, the scale has high test-retest reliability, as it continues to correctly identify social anxiety and phobia after a period of time has passed. The scale has high discriminated validity; not only is it able to discriminate between those with social phobia and healthy volunteers, but also between several different types of social phobia and anxiety. The SIAS is significantly correlated with the Social Phobia Scale (SPS), consistent with the observation that social interaction fears and social phobia scrutiny fears co-exist, although they are still two different sets of symptoms. Data Gathering Procedure The researchers of this study followed some ethical procedures in order for them to achieve the objectives of this work. The first step before going to perform the testing proper was to create a request letter and ask for permission to the teachers. As for approval, the researchers submitted the letter to the principal of Francisco E. BarzagaNational High School, asking for consent to administer the inventories and upon approval, they retrieved the letter. Second, they prepared the inventories in a form of a scale which included all the variables presented in their statement of the problem. The researchers proposed the inventories to their research adviser and asked for her approval before they were finally able to reproduce enough copies of the questionnaires intended for their participants to answer. In administering these questionnaires, the researchers had an extension of time after class to avoid distraction of class discussion. The participants were given enough time to read and answer each statement sincerely. Third, was the 27 Social Anxiety: Awing, Manalo, Moises, Ramos, Saliva, Trumata, Mandia, Millena, Nuga, Torre, Versoza, Zuniega

survey sheets distribution and explain the instruction to the respondents and lastly, after data gathering, analysis and interpretation have been performed and the results from the tests were collected for tallying the scores and interpret through statistical treatment withexplanation. Statistical Treatment The researchers calculated a Pearson correlation test to identify whether a correlation exists between Facebook usage and social relationship, not just to measure the relationship but also to compare whether Facebook usage was much more effective rather than socializing personally with other people. The Pearson correlation is the test statistic that measures the statistical relationship, or association, between two continuous variables. It is known as the best method of measuring the association between variables of interest because it is based on the method of covariance that gives somehow the information about the relationship of the two continuous variables. Pearson's r can range from -1 to 1. An r of -1 indicates a perfect negative linear relationship between variables, an r of 0 indicates no linear relationship between variables, and an r of 1 indicates a perfect positive linear relationship between variables. Pearson r formula:


Chapter IV Result and Discussion The data collected was analyzed through Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) 23 version which all data were carefully entered. Then, descriptive statistics were calculated which covered the mean scores and standard deviation of both variables. The Pearson’s correlation was computed between the scales of Facebook Intensity and Interpersonal Anxiety. 1. What is the mean score of the SHS students on Facebook Intensity Scale? Table 1. Mean and Std. Deviation of Facebook Intensity Usage used in the analysis are listed below.

Descriptive Statistics Mean

Std. Deviation

N

Facebook Usage

53.79

7.891

150

Social Anxiety  Social phobia

39.46

11.478

150

As shown in the table 1, a total of 150 participants of Senior High School students got a mean score of 53.79 which indicated that they were moderately intense Facebook active users according to the scoring and interpretation of Facebook Intensity Scale. Moreover, these also denoted that they spent a lot of time on Facebook more than most people, updating their profile, doing other Facebook-related activities, and connect with their offline contacts about the same as most Facebook users do which they used it to connect with new people. All of these results can be proven in the past studies that most of the teenagers were actively engaging in social media sites. 29 Social Anxiety: Awing, Manalo, Moises, Ramos, Saliva, Trumata, Mandia, Millena, Nuga, Torre, Versoza, Zuniega

As shown in the recent study, 96 percent of students have a Facebook account given the popularity of social networking sites (2011). The social networking sites such as Facebook allows users to add friends and keep track of their statuses, interests, photos, likes and updates of others. Even though some researchers believe that online activities have a negative impact in relationships and feared that virtual communication will replace the face-to-face interaction and deteriorate social bond (2004). According to (Griffiths et.al, (2000) Facebook addiction is a type of addiction in texting, which users keep coming back to the site to check their timeline, make comments, post pictures, and chat in messenger. Users may not be addicted to the medium itself, but they may be addicted to particular internet activities. Facebook can fulfill curiosity and enhanced social bond’s, it can also cause stress and negative feeling. The phenomena of using internet are determining people to use Facebook as it is socially influenced by others. (Teo et.al, 2009). Facebook usage could help students to receive online social support; however, online social support had little effect on well-being. (Liu& Yu, 2013)(Foreign). Facebook addiction is a type of addiction in texting, which users keep coming back to the site to check their timeline, make comments, post pictures, and chat in messenger. Users may not be addicted to the medium itself, but they may be addicted to particular internet activities. (Griffiths et.al, 2000). Therefore, people only use Facebook to communicate with other people and send private messages to share private information on confidentially. Facebook is cheap and easily connect to other for maintain the new relationship with other country members. Students use Facebook to be in touch with distance friends and family members rather than making romantic relationships (Stern and Taylor, 2007)(Foreign).. 30 Social Anxiety: Awing, Manalo, Moises, Ramos, Saliva, Trumata, Mandia, Millena, Nuga, Torre, Versoza, Zuniega

2. What is the mean score of the SHS students on Interpersonal Anxiety Scale? Table 2. Mean and Std. Deviation of Social Anxiety used in the analysis are listed below.

Descriptive Statistics Mean

Std. Deviation

N

Facebook Usage

53.79

7.891

150

Social Anxiety  Social Phobia

39.46

11.478

150

Table 2 has shown that students of FEBIHS got a mean score of 39.46 which some of them experienced specific social phobia only in a few situations according to the interpretation of the inventory of Interpersonal Anxiety Scale. For instances, although there are numerous students inside the classroom and have bonded with one other, there are still few students who have experienced fear like speaking in front of groups, shyness and discomfort. According to Liebowitz (1987), social phobia, social anxiety is considered one specific type of anxiety disorder and is characterized by fear of apprehension surrounding social behaviors such as eating in public, meeting strangers, and many other public actions. Basically, individuals afflicted with such anxiety worry about being scrutinized, not fitting in or not being accepted. This only conveyed that The social characteristics affected by depression or anxiety are also relevant to one’s sense of well-being. Current mental health theories suggest that the presence of well-being is not the same as the absence of mental illness; a complete model of mental health requires not just the absence of psychopathology, but also a focus on positive indices of functioning such as subjective well-being 31 Social Anxiety: Awing, Manalo, Moises, Ramos, Saliva, Trumata, Mandia, Millena, Nuga, Torre, Versoza, Zuniega

3. Is there any significant relationship that may exist between Facebook Intensity Usage and Social Anxiety?

Table 3. Pearson’s product moment coefficient between Facebook Intensity Usage and Social Anxiety Correlations

Facebook Usage Facebook Usage

Pearson Correlation

Social Anxiety

Sig. (2-tailed) N Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N

Social Anxiety 1

-.112

150

.174 150

-.112

1

.174 150

150

Reject Ho Accept Ho

Null Hypothesis

Time spent on Facebook among participants has a mean value of 53.79(SD=7.891) which fall under the category of moderate user. The social anxiety scores (µ=39.46, SD=11.478) was correlated with Facebook intensity usage. A Pearson correlation found that there is a weak relationship between Facebook Usage and Social Anxiety (r= -.112, p>.05). Therefore, the hypothesis was accepted. After conducting the survey, the researchers found out that among students(N=150), 37.33% of them are social anxious, 32.67% are social phobic and 30% did not experience both of 32 Social Anxiety: Awing, Manalo, Moises, Ramos, Saliva, Trumata, Mandia, Millena, Nuga, Torre, Versoza, Zuniega

the two and regardless the gender. Social anxiety got the highest total percentage but there is still weak relationship exists between the two variables. The nature of participants can affect the result of the study. It is impossible for a participant with fear of interacting with other people to stay longer in a class with estimated 60 students. Another reason is that, the percentage values of those three categories are proximate to one another and it might be the cause why Facebook Usage and Social Anxiety did not correlate. Moreover, a reason for this may be the participants were educated and may experience less social anxiety and as the new generation they do not feel more anxious regarding getting online on Facebook as they are more concern about their friends, studies, relatives in real life. According to the study, Facebook usage has become epidemic and significant in people's lives and well-being. Communicating through Facebook has changed the way people connect with their social networks. With the various functions that Facebook offers, it allows users to do multiple activities such as presenting themselves to others, maintaining existing relationships, and building new networks and relationships. As a consequence, some users may spend a great amount of time on Facebook and their usage may affect social relationships.


Chapter V Conclusion and Recommendation Conclusion First, the researchers concluded that students were considered to spend most of their time in Facebook, updating their profile, busy meeting new people online. To conclude it, the participants which are the SHS students have a moderate use of social media specifically Facebook, they are just using Facebook with a manner that they control their Facebook usage and the use of social networking sites. Second, the researchers concluded that most of the participants experienced social phobia which shows the following given situation example such as having fear of situations in which they may be judged, worrying about embarrassing or humiliating, intense fear of interacting or talking with strangers, fear that others will notice that them look anxious, fear of physical symptoms that may cause embarrassment, such as blushing, sweating, trembling or having a shaky voice, avoiding doing things or speaking to people out of fear of embarrassment, avoiding situations where you might be the center of attention, having anxiety in anticipation of a feared activity or event. Lastly, the result of this study concluded that Facebook Intensity Usage was weakly correlated with Social Anxiety, thus it is impossible for a individual to have fear in interacting with other people while they were about 60 students inside the class. This study shows that Facebook is not the reasons why do individuals are social phobic, social anxious and do have social anxiety.


Recommendation This chapter presents the following recommendations according to the results and discussions done by the researchers. Digital world in which individual can use gadgets such as smart phones, laptops etc. Also, they were inclined in using social media sites specifically; Facebook which is useful and easy tool for communicating to others. Also, it is a way to cope up from fears of the society for those who have social phobia, but other individuals use Facebook intensively unknowingly the disadvantages and bad effects. Therefore, this study recommends being responsible enough to themselves and control, minimize and limit in their Facebook usage. Although they are afraid of socialization, it should not be an escape. Everyone could still express, show and share feelings and opinions. Since they are moderate Facebook users, they should limit themselves in using it because it would serve as barrier for them to build a long term relationship with their friends and family personally. They should express themselves towards others by being with their friends physically to improve social skills and lessen social anxiety. Social anxiety and phobia got the most effect towards an individual who has difficulties in socializing. They are afraid to be judged, receive negative compliments from other people and they are also afraid to be embarrassed. So, they will need to have a broader knowledge and understanding to the judgmental ones. This study suggested that the people who are suffering from social anxiety should learn to accept what other people perspectives. They should also accept the truth about themselves because it can help to decrease their fear of the society. Aside from that, for the participants who experienced social phobia, they should let themselves engage in various activities to enhance their communication skills, overcome fear and most importantly boost their self-esteem. 35 Social Anxiety: Awing, Manalo, Moises, Ramos, Saliva, Trumata, Mandia, Millena, Nuga, Torre, Versoza, Zuniega

However, since there was a weak relationship between Facebook Intensity Usage and Social Anxiety, researchers would recommend for further research to look for best variables that can be correlated either in Facebook or Social Anxiety although this can be used as basis for further research but new researchers should look for possible factors to make their research significant. Also, researchers do suggest that they can use social phobia as another main factor since it is somehow related to social anxiety because in this study it is partly used.


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Appendix A: Approval Letter


Appendix B: Informed Consent


Dear Participants, Good Day! We are the students of ABM 12-b presently conducting a study entitled“A Correlational Study between Facebook Intensity Usage and Social Anxiety”, as a requirement in Practical Research II. In line with this, we would like to request you to be one of our respondents in our study. We hope you can help us by answering the instrument sincerely and truthfully. However, all that data gathered will be kept private and will be used for academic purposes only. Thank you very much. Very Truly Yours, Researchers


Dear Participants, Good Day! We are the students of ABM 12-b presently conducting a study entitled“A Correlational Study between Facebook Intensity Usage and Social Anxiety”, as a requirement in Practical Research II. In line with this, we would like to request you to be one of our respondents in our study. We hope you can help us by answering the instrument sincerely and truthfully. However, all that data gathered will be kept private and will be used for academic purposes only. Thank you very much. Very Truly Yours, Researchers


Appendix C: Inventories

Interpersonal Anxiety Scale Name:

Gender:

Year & Section:

Age:

Instructions In this section, for each item, please circle the number to indicate the degree to which you feel the statement is characteristic or true for you. The rating scale is as follows: 0

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Not at all characteristic or true of me.

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Slightly characteristic or true of me.

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Moderately characteristic or true of me.

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Very characteristic or true of me.

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Extremely characteristic or true of me

CHARACTERISTICS

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EXTREMELY

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1. I get nervous if I have to speak with someone in authority (leader, boss, etc.) 2. I have difficulty making eye contact with other. 3. I become tense if I have to talk about myself or my feelings. 4. I find it difficult to mix comfortably with the people I work with. 5. I find it easy to make friends my own way. 6. I tense up if I meet an acquaintance in the street. 7. When mixing sociality, I am uncomfortable.


8. I feel tense if I am alone with just one

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friend. 9. I am at ease meeting people at parties, etc. 10. I have difficulty talking with other people. 11. I find it easy to think of things to talk about. 12. I worry about expressing myself in case I appear awkward. 13. I find it difficult to disagree with another’s point of view. 14. I have difficulty talking to

attractive person of the opposite sex.

15. I find myself worrying that I won’t know what to say in social situations. 16. I am nervous mixing with people I don’t know well. 17. I feel I’ll say something embarrassing when talking. 18. When mixing in a group, I find myself worrying I will be ignored. 19. I am tense mixing in a group. 20. I am unsure whether to greet someone I know only slightly.


Facebook Intensity Scale

1.

How many total Facebook friends do you have? 10 or less 11 - 50 51 - 100 101 - 150 151 - 200 201 - 250 251 - 300 301 - 400 More than 400

2.

In the past week, on average, approximately how many minutes per day have you spent on Facebook? Less than 10 10 - 30 31 - 60 1 - 2 hours 2 - 3 hours More than 3 hours

3.

Facebook is part of my everyday activity. Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral / mixed feeling Agree Strongly agree

4.

I am proud to tell people I'm on Facebook. Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral / mixed feeling Agree Strongly agree


5.

Facebook has become a part of my daily routine. Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral / mixed feeling Agree Strongly agree

6.

I feel out of touch when I haven't logged onto Facebook for awhile. Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral / mixed feeling Agree Strongly agree

7.

I feel I am part of the Facebook community. Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral / mixed feeling Agree Strongly agree

8.

I would be sorry if Facebook shut down. Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral / mixed feeling Agree Strongly agree

9.

I have used Facebook to check out someone I met socially. Strong disagree Disagree Neutral / mixed feeling Agree Strongly agree


10. I use Facebook to learn more about other people in my classes. Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral / mixed feeling Agree Strongly agree 11. I use Facebook to learn more about other people living near me. Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral / mixed feeling Agree Strongly agree 12. I use Facebook to keep in touch with my old friends. Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral / mixed feeling Agree Strongly agree 13. I use Facebook to meet new people. Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral / mixed feeling Agree Strongly agree 14. I've been on Facebook for... Less than 1 year 1 - 2 years

3 - 4 years

4 years or mor


Curriculum Vitae Robin Jaycob M. Saliva #5 I. Mangubat St. Zone IV Dasmariñas City Cavite 09098183312 [email protected]

PERSONAL DETAILS Age:

17

5’7 ft.

Height:

Date of Birth: November 20, 1999

Weight:

63 kg

Gender:

Male

Nationality: Filipino

Civil Status:

Single

Religion:

Roman Catholic

TRAINING/CERTIFICATE 

English Proficiency I (TESDA CERTIFICATE)

March 22, 2015



English Proficiency II (TESDA CERTIFICATE)

August 16, 2015



Computer Technician NC II (TESDA CERTIFICATE)

August 16, 2015

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND Tesda: The Bethel Educational Support and Technology Inc.

2015

Secondary:

Francisco E. Barzaga Integrated High School

S.Y 2015-present

Primary:

Francisco E. Barzaga Memorial School

S,Y 2011-2012


Curriculum Vitae Ramil T. Moises Blk 17, Lt 1, Dexterville Classic, Sabang, Dasmariñas, Cavite 09067360998 [email protected]

PERSONAL DETAILS 17

Father’s Name:

Raffy Moises

Date of Birth: November 10, 1999

Mother’s Name:

Ellen Moises

Gender:

Male

Nationality:

Filipino

Civil Status:

Single

Religion:

Roman Catholic

Age:

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND Secondary:

Primary:

Francisco E. BarzagaIntegrated High School

S.Y 2016-present

Kin Yang Academy

S.Y 2015-2016

Sain Joseph School

S.Y 2012-2015

Kiangan Central School

S.Y 2007-2012


Curriculum Vitae Marnie R. Torre Blk 1 Lot 6 Alcantara Subdivision, Zone II 0926-504-5840 [email protected]

PERSONAL DETAILS Father’s Name:

Dennis Torre

Date of Birth: October 18, 1999

Mother’s Name:

Rebecca Torre

Gender:

Female

Nationality:

Filipino

Civil Status:

Single

Religion:

Roman Catholic

Age:

17



S.Y 2015-present

Primary:

Dasmariñas Elementary School

S.Y 2011-2012


Curriculum Vitae Johanna Kryzzel Verzosa B42 L35 San Miguel 1 Dasmariñas City, Cavite

09084253465 [email protected]


Jommel Verzosa

Date of Birth: July 22, 2000

Mother’s Name:

Marichu Verzosa

Gender:

Female

Nationality:

Filipino

Civil Status:

Single

Religion:

Roman Catholic

Age:

17


Primary:


S.Y 2015-present

Calvary Baptist Academy

S.Y 2013-2015

Dasmariñas North National High School

S.Y 2012-2013

San Miguel Elementary School

S.Y 2011-2012

Curriculum Vitae 50 Social Anxiety: Awing, Manalo, Moises, Ramos, Saliva, Trumata, Mandia, Millena, Nuga, Torre, Versoza, Zuniega

Sarah Mae Millena Blk 6 lot 34 Goldenville 2 Brgy .Sabang 09095534470 [email protected]


17

Civil Status:

Single

Date of Birth: February 9, 2000


Gender:

Religion:

Female

Roman Catholic


Primary:


S.Y 2016-present

Kin Yang Academy

S.Y 2015-2016

Kin Yang Academy

S.Y 2011-2012


Curriculum Vitae Sherlyn Jhenn I. Mandia Placido Campus Ave. E.M.Reyes Apart.(02) San Jose . 09424496240 [email protected]


18

Civil Status:

Single

Date of Birth: March 9, 1999


Gender:

Religion:

Female

Roman Catholic



S.Y 2015-present

Primary:


S.Y 2011-2012


Curriculum Vitae Roselyn C. Zuniega Phase 2 B10 L22 Mary Cris Complex Pascam II 09972510532 [email protected]


Alfredo Zuniega

Date of Birth: January 2, 1997

Mother’s Name:

Irene Zuniega

Gender:

Female

Nationality:

Filipino

Civil Status:

Single

Religion:

Christian

Age:

20


Primary:


S.Y 2016-present

Tayasan Institute

S.Y 2014-2015

Tayasan Elementary School

S.Y 2010-2011


Curriculum Vitae Ronalyn E. Nuga Maria Cristina Village Zone I-A 09351720426 [email protected]


19

Date of Birth: July 20, 1998

Height:

5’2 ft.

Weight:

56 kg

Gender:

Female


Civil Status:

Single

Religion:

Roman Catholic



S.Y 2015-present

Primary:


S.Y 2010-2011


Curriculum Vitae

Jester A. Manalo Lagmay Comp. Brgy. San Jose 09754506726 [email protected]


19


Height:

5’8 ft.

Weight:

55 kg

Gender:

Male


Civil Status:

Single

Religion:

Roman Catholic


Primary:


S.Y 2016-present

Congressional National High School

S.Y 2015-2016


S.Y 2010-2011


Curriculum Vitae Mark Joseph Awing B13 L32 Greenbreeze 3 San Agustin 09367871327

[email protected]


19

Civil Status:

Single


Nationality:

Filipino

Gender:

Religion:

Roman Catholic

Male


Primary:


S.Y 2016-present

Langkaan National High School

S.Y 2012-2016


S.Y 2011-2012


Curriculum Vitae Rodolfo Ramos B6 L30 Phase 1 Solar Homes San Agustin 09360543935 [email protected]


17

Civil Status:

Single

Date of Birth: October 21, 1999

Nationality:

Filipino

Gender:

Religion:

Roman Catholic

Male


Primary:


S.Y 2016-present

Langkaan National High School

S.Y 2012-2016


S.Y 2011-2012


Curriculum Vitae

Dominic Trumata Green Valle, Malagasang Imus Cavite 09758181967 [email protected]


18

Civil Status:

Single


Nationality:

Filipino

Gender:

Religion:

Roman Catholic

Male



S.Y

2015-present

Primary:

TimoteoPaez Elementary School

S.Y

2011-2012


A Correlational Study between Facebook Intensity Usage and Social Anxiety of Senior High School Students in FEBNHS

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