FACTORS AFFECTING THE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS OF BATO RURAL DEVELOPMENT HIGH SCHOOL IN SELECTING A TRACK
CHAPTER I : BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
One significant reform in the Philippine Educational System is the implementation of K to 12 program. Its goal goal is for the “ development of a holistically developed Filipino with the 21 21th century skills who are ready for employment, entrepreneurship, middle level skills development and 12 . ” ( The K to 12 Basic higher higher education upon graduation from grade 12. Education Program, 2012 ). Career selection is one of the many important choices students will make in determining future plans. This decision will have impact to their lives. The essence of who the t he student is will wil l revolve around what the students wants to do with their life-long work. Basavage ( 1996, p. 1 ) in her thesis asked, “ What is it that influences children one way or another? ” Every students has unique past that determine how they view the world. Stated, that the greatest barrier among students pursuing their own career and a nd having command over o ver their life li fe is the lack of in- depth knowledge of the said career care er . In addition, knowledge is required require d to make a valid career preferences. A major turning point in an adolescents’ lives i nvolves the career choice that they make while in high school. These decision are mostly influenced by the family and community of a student which plays a major role in i n establishing establis hing a career path that t hat opens as well wel l as closes cl oses opportunities ( Bluestein, Phillips, Phillips, Jobin Jobin – Davis, Finkelberg, & Roarke, 1997 ) There are lots of factors that could affect the student’s decision in choosing their courses. There are uncontrollable elements such as location, cost, distance, and availability of financial aid ( Jackson, 1982 ).
A labour force survey suggested that the Philippines has the highest unemployment rate among the countries from the Southeast Asia ( Ericta, 2013 ). Mismatch graduates are believed to be a reason why the country has high unemployment rate. The reasons of this mismatch might be due to the produced graduates of colleges that do not fit the present demand of the economy, or the graduates were not capable of achieving the required skills the industry needs. The incompatibility of the graduates to meet the competencies needed by the companies may be due to wrong preference of courses ( Rosero, 2012 ) . Many factors affect career choices of high school students. Identifying these factors would give parents, educators, and industry an idea as to where students place most of their trust in the career selection process. The researcher conducted this study to identify the factors affecting the high school students of Bato Rural Development High School in selecting a track. Statement of the problem
This study intent to determine the factors affecting the high school students of Bato Rural Development High School in selecting a track, school year 2017-2018. Specifically, it sought answers for the following questions: 1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of: a. Gender
d. Monthly income
b. Age
e. Parents educational attainment
c. Status in life
2. What are the factors affecting the high school students of Bato Rural Development High School in selecting a track?
3. Is there a significant relationship between the respondents profile and the factors affecting the high school students of Bato Rural Development High School in selecting a track?
Research Hypotheses
There is a significant relationship between the profile of the respondents and the factors affecting the high school students of Bato Rural Development High School in selecting a track, school year 20172018.
Scope and Delimitation
This study will focus on determining the factors affecting the high school students of Bato Rural Development High School in selecting a track, school tear 2017-2018. Only one section was selected to be the respondents in this study. The grade 10 section Tranquility will be the respondents of the present study. Grade 10 Tranquility is composed of 49 students, the researcher will distribute questionnaire to the respondents to attain the result of the study.
Importance of the study
Students. This study will benefit the high school students specially those whose still having difficulties in deciding on what track they’ll pursue
in senior high school. This may help them to find the track suited to them. Teachers. This study will give the teachers knowledge as to how students decide or what are the preferences of students in selecting a track. School administration. This study will serve as a guide for the school administration to formulate plans. This will help them to encourage and guide the students of Bato Rural Development High School to pursue there senior high school life. Researcher. This will serve as a guide for the future researcher to be use as a reference for further studies.
Bato Rural Development High School. One of the secondary school in the division of Catanduanes under the Department of Education. Located at Bato, Catanduanes. This is where this study was conducted. High school students. Refers to the grade 10 students of Bato Rural Development High School who were the respondents of this study. Factors. Refers to something that helps produce or influence a result. Track. Refers to the career a student choose.
Chapter II Related Literature and Studies Related literature
Super ( 1990 ) cited by Witko, Bernes, et al. ( 2005 ) suggested that career planning becomes significant during late adolescence and early adulthood. Lewis ( 1981 ) cited by Witko, Bernes, et al. ( 2005 ) found a positive relationship between adolescents’ age and decision making capabilities, such as an increased awareness of the risks and implications involve in making a decision, a tendency to seek more advice from adults and peers and an increased awareness and implications of receiving advice from someone with vested interests. A more recent study by Bregman and Kellen reported that adolescents and young adults support responsible vocational decisions that nurture personal growth and that they disapprove of self- indulgent choices concerned with shortrange goals’ ( 19999, p 269 ). Ferry ( 2006 ) further asserts that adolescent occupational choice is influenced by many factors, including the context, personal aptitudes and educational attainment. Students around the world usually faced with the task of career decision making. Bautista ( cited in Phillips, 1968 ), stated the greatest barrier among students pursuing their own career and having command over their life is the lack of in-depth knowledge of the said career. In addition, knowledge is required to make valid career preferences. He cited Castillo ( 1963 ) who stressed the redirection of guidance of high school youth because; it is in that stage where skill,
capabilities and decisions are developed. The youth should get a thorough picture of their aspirations and expectations. According to John Holland ( 2010 ), individuals are attracted to a given career by their particular personalities and numerous variables that constitute their backgrounds. First of all, career choices is an expression of, or an extension of personality into the world of work followed by subsequent identification with specific occupational stereotypes. Accordingly one chooses a career to satisfy preferred modal personal orientation. Modal personal orientation is a developmental process established through heredity and the individuals’ life history reacting to environmental demands. If the individual has developed a strong dominant orientation, satisfaction is probably in a corresponding occupational environment. If, however, the orientation is on of indecision, the livelihood of satisfaction diminishes. According to Howard and Ill7 stressed out that whenever students are in their high school experience, they are the center of learning. In a traditional high school, the center of the system is the content or subject, not student learning. Howard and Ill presented a system to promote the shift from traditional content or subject-centered high schools to student-centered high schools called as Collaborative Career Pathways- a system of organizing the student learning interests and aptitudes around career paths. It provides a structure for students to reference their learning and comment each year of their high school experience. It allows students to plan and practice their skills while creating a smooth and successful transition to a post- secondary option. Goffredson’s Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations8 describes how people become attracted to certain occupations. Self-concept in vocation development is the key factor to career selection and people want jobs that are compatible with their selfimage. The key determinants of self-concept are ones social class, level of intelligence and experiences with sex typing. Roe’s need approach9 emphasized that early childhood experiences play an important role in finding satisfaction in ones chosen field. The need structure of
individual, according Roe, would be greatly influenced by early childhood frustrations and satisfactions. According to Elmer ( 1989 ), career planning is a life goalsetting without such a plan, it is a like making a journey to an unfamiliar destination without a map. He proposed a career planning guide that will help the students in choosing their appropriate course from planning a career, steps in planning a career, goal-setting and selfunderstanding. Also, it reveals that guidance and counseling is intervention of underemployment individuals and career preparedness must be initiated. According to Tiedmen ( 2002 ), career development unfolds within the general process of cognitive development as one continuous process in which individuals will change their courses of career action, generally by leaving a setting or environment. Such as when a student is disoriented in his course he have been taken that will result in decreasing eagerness on that particular field. He decides to transfer in another school or to shift another courses that really fits his own interests and when one is unstable in making decision, this disoriented strategy may be repeated until achieve different bachelors’ degree which can be a major distraction of ones future job. According to the study of Garcez ( 2007 ), it was found out that by increasing career development activities, which includes setting career goals, students has a higher self-esteem. According to the theory of vocational development by supeer ( 2005 ), the students should first become aware of the need for a career. So, very graduating students needs a wise choice in decision making. Bautista ( 1997 ) stated that at this stage, a student must take important and vita decision in selection of a career which will determine the future success. The need to find out the factors affecting the high school students of Bato Rural Development High School in Choosing a track gave the impetus to this study.
Related studies
Borchert ( 2002 ), studied the career choice factors of high school students and he used students as the respondents in his study. He conducted his study on 2002 at Germantown High School. Pascual ( 2016 ), focused on factors affecting high school students career preference: a basic for career planning program. The result of the study justifies that career plan for students must be made in a continuous manner and should start from an earlier grade level to help student identify thoroughly the suited course for them. He accustomed students as the respondents on his study, used questionnaire in collecting data and mean as the statistical treatment. Abarro ( 2016 ), concentrated on factors affecting career track and strand choices of grade 9 students in the division of Antipolo and Rizal, Philippines. He used grade 9 students as the respondents in his study. Abarro used descriptive survey method in gathering data and mean as statistical treatment. The result of his study implies that sex, average monthly family income, school preference, occupation of the head of the family and average scholastic rating in the preceding years are factors associated to the career track choices of the students. Witko, Bernes et. al. ( 2005 ), studied about the senior high school career planning: what students wants. They conducted their study at University of Lethbridge Canada and used the students as the respondents in their study. They used comprehensive career needs survey in collecting data and mean as statistical treatment. Japitan et. al. ( 2014-2015 ), emphasized the factors affecting senior high school track preference of grade 9 students of Don Bosco technology center Inc. Academic year 2014-2015: a basis for career guidance program. He accustomed students as the respondents in his study. Also, he used mean as statistical treatment and survey rating scale/questionnaire in collecting data.
Su, Chang et. al. ( 2016 ), focused on factors affecting the student career decision-making of junior high school students inncetral Taiwan area. His study showed that students career decision-making is most deeply affected by “ personal factors ’’ . they used mean as statistical treatment and questionnaire survey in gathering data. They invited students as their respondents. Pendergrass ( 2008 ), studied study of career choice factors and students’ academic success at an aviation school. The students are the respondents in this study. He used questionnaire in collecting data and mean as statistical treatment. Fizer ( 2013 ), studied the factors affecting career choices of college students enrolled in agriculture. In his study it is concluded that there are a lot factors that influence students when choosing their academic careers, but family was the one factor that had the biggest influenced on students. The respondents in this study are college students. He used questionnaire inn collecting data and mean as statistical treatment. Olamide et. al. ( 2013 ), focused on the factors determining the choice of career among secondary school students. He used choice of career questionnaire in gathering data and mean as statistical treatment. The respondents in this study are the students. Edwards and Quiter ( 2011 ), studied the factors influencing students career choice among secondary school students in Kisimu municipality, Kenya. He used descriptive survey design n collecting data and mean as statistical treatment. He invited students to be the respondents on this study. It is said in his study that students career choice are influenced by numerous factors including outcome expectancies, individual variants such as gender, personal interest, learning experiences, environmental factors and personal contacts. Ferry , concentrated on the factors influencing career choice of adolescents and young adults in rural Pennsylvania. It is said that in his study that engaging parents and community in active support of career
exploration and choice provides the context that assists adolescents in making successful transitions into adult workplace roles. He used interview in gathering data. His respondents are the student.
Synthesis of the state-of-the-art
Borchert and Pascual focused on the factors affecting high school students career preference and both used students as their respondents. Borchert conducted his research on 2002 while Pascual conducted his research on 2016. Pascual used questionnaire in collecting data and used mean as his statistical treatment. Abarro conducted his study on 2016, he used students as the respondents and used descriptive survey method in collecting data. Abarro used mean as his statistical treatment, while, Fizer conducted his study on 2013, he used college students as the respondents on his study. Fizer used questionnaire in collecting data. Abarro and Fizers’ study concentrated on factors affecting career choices. Edwards et. al. and Ferrys’ study concentrated on factors influencing career choices among students. Edwards et. al. used descriptive survey design in gathering and used mean as statistical treatment. He conducted his study on 2011 and accustomed students as his respondents, while, Ferry used interview in gathering data. She used students as the respondents on his study. Su, Chang et. al. focused on factors affecting the students in career decision making and used questionnaire in collecting data and conducted his study on 2016, while, Witko, Bernes et. al. focused their study on senior high school career planning and used comprehensive career needs survey in collecting data, he conducted his study on 2005. They both used mean as statistical treatment.
Pendergrass, Japitan et. al., and Olamide et. al. concentrated on factors affecting career choices. They used questionnaire in collecting data and mean as statistical treatment. Olamide et. al., Japitan et. al. and Pendergrass accustomed students as its respodents . Pendergrass conducted his study on 2008 while Japitan et al. on 2041-2015 and Olamides et. al. on 2013.
Gaps in the Review of related literature and studies with the present study bridge
Conceptual framework Independent variable
Dependent variable
I. Personal Background Variable
Gender Age Grade level
II. Family Background
FACTORS AFFECTING THE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SELECTINS A TRACK
The 49 students respondents were taken from Bato Rural Development High School ( BRDHS ). The high school was selected on the length of their operation and other similitude such as geographical location, enrolment size and availability of the students of BRDHS which is located at Catanduanes in Banawang, Bato.
