9851 2558 01 Production Drilling1.pdf

Production Drilling in Underground Mining

First edition 2008

www.atlascopco.com

We always take a hard view on costs

Working with Atlas Copco means working with highly productive rock drilling solutions. It also means sharing a common cost-cutting challenge. Like you, we are always looking for new and effective ways to squeeze your production costs – but never at the expense of quality, safety or the environment. Mining and construction is a tough and competitive business. Fortunately, our view on cutting costs is just as hard. Get your free copy of Success Stories at www.atlascopco.com/rock

Committed to your superior productivity.

Atlas Copco Rock Drills AB Fax: +46 8 670 7393

www.atlascopco.com

Contents Foreword 2 Foreword by Mikael Ramström, Product Line L ine Manager, Manager, Underground Drilling Equipment Atlas Copco Rock Drills AB

Talking technically 3 Percussive rock drilling 9 In-The-Hole (ITH) vs tophammer drilling in underground mining long straight holes 13 Drilling long Automated ed long long hole drilling 19 Automat pace 27 Faster Simba rigs set the pace 33 Increased productivity with ITH drilling 37 Tu Tuning ning up your drilling system 39 Computer based training for rock drilling tools 41 The economic case for routine bit grinding

Case studies 45 Exploring the potential of El Aguilar 47 Increasing drilling rates at Ridgeway Ridgeway 49 Sub level caving caving for chromite at Ferbasa 53 Firs Firstt Cabletec cable cable bolting rig in in South America 55 Innovative mining at Garpenberg 61 Automat Automated ed longhole longhole drilling with Simba at LK LKAB AB

Product specifications 65 Modular program with maximum flexibility 67 Tophammer drill rig specifications 78 Hydraulic rock drill specifications specifications 79 Tophammer drilling equipment 100 ITH drill rig specifications specifications 104 ITH rotation units 105 ITH drilling equipment 107 Rod Handl Handling ing System (RHS) 108 Hydraulic feeds 109 Drill rig options 110 Secoroc grinding 118 Rock drill specifications 119 Complementar Complementaryy equipment 124 Lubrication 125 Service workshops 126 Conversion table

Front cover: Simba M7 C production drilling rig at the Garpenberg mine, Sweden.

Produced by Atlas Copco Rock Drills AB, SE-701 91 Örebro, Sweden, tel +46 19 670 70 00, fax 019-670 73 93.Publisher: Ulf Linder, [email protected] Production Manager: Anna Dahlman Herrgård, [email protected]: Mike Smith, [email protected] Senior Adviser: Hans Fernberg, [email protected] Contributors: Alf Stenqvist, Björn Samuelsson, Bo Persson, Fredrik Öberg, Hans Fernberg, Leif Larsson, Patrik Ericsson, all name.surn [email protected] [email protected]. o.com. Craig Griffiths, craig.g craig.griffiths@ riffiths@ lkab.com Håkan Schunnesson, [email protected], [email protected], Kyran Casteel, k yrancaste [email protected]. [email protected]. Digital copies of all Atlas Copco reference editi ons can be ordered from the publisher, address above, or online atwww.atlascopco.com/rock. www.atlascopco.com/rock. Reproduction of individual articles only by agreement with the publisher. Edited by Mike Smith, tunnelbuilder ltd, United Kingdom.Designed and typeset by ahrt, Örebro, Sweden. Printed by Prinfo Welins Tryckeri, Sweden. Legal notice © Copyright 2008, Atlas Copco Rock Drills AB, Örebro, Sweden. All product names in this publication are trademarks of Atlas Copco. Any unauthorized use or copying of the contents or any part thereof is prohibited. This applies in particular to trademarks, model denominations, part numbers and drawings. Information in this publication is provided “as is”. Atlas Copco Rock Drills AB disclaims any representation or warranties of any kind including without limitation warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement or content. In no event will Atlas Copco Rock Drills AB be liable to any part y or any damages for any use of this publication. T he contents, including illus trations and photo s, in this publication may describe or show equipment with op tional extras . It may also contain references to products or services tha t are not available in your country. This publication, as well as specifications and equipment, is subject to change without notice. Consult your Atlas Copco Customer Center for specific information.

PRODUCTION DRILLING IN UNDERGROUND MINING

1

Foreword Welcome to our first reference edition focusing on production drilli ng. This book is derived from our series entitled Underground Undergro und Mining Mini ng Equipment following following the recent dramatic growth in the importance impor tance and sophistication of production drilling. With the rise in demand for most most minerals, mining companies are having to respond with rapid increases i n safe production, both to satisfy their customers and to maximize profits after a prolonged period of price stagnation.

Atlas Copco, as a world leader in the t he manufacture and suppl supply y of mining equipment, is meeting the challenge with the Simba series of highly efficient drill rigs to suit various underground

production situations. situations. These rigs r igs incorporate the latest lat est RCS computerization techniques and their modular design allows customers to specify the drill unit, un it, feed length, rockdrill, and optional equipment to suit suit a variety of drill dri ll patterns. A whole range of compatible tophammer and Secoroc ITH equipment

The trend to faster drilling is accompanied by higher productivity, while improved accuracy with less hole deviation ductivity, means the hole bottom is closer to the preplanned coordinates, leading to better ore recovery and less waste dilution. For room-and-pillar room-and-pillar and similar simi lar lateral mining m ining techniques we produce a range of Boomer rigs, while for smaller operations

where compressed air may be the only available power, we still produce our handheld pusher rock drills.

When designing, manufacturing, selling and servicing Atlas Copco equipment, we rely on our long heritage to produce high-productivity machines that achieve the best return on customer investment. Our worldwide presence through offices in over 130 countries ensures that we are a re close to our customers, sharing their problems and understanding their methods

and applications. Their inputs are crucial to our engineers, whose job is to continuously develop our products and systems in order to maintain our market leadership.

is available, including shanks, drill dril l string stri ng and bits. We even produce the grinding equipment necessary to get the best out of each bit!

The underground drilling environment is made safer t hanks to our Boltec, Cabletec and Scaletec rigs, all of which are helping increase the utilization of our Simba rigs. Continuous Continuous innovation ensures that Simba rigs stay ahead, with drill bit

In this book we describe our underground production production drilling products, their applications, and their specifications. We hope this will stimulate technical interchange between underground miners, managers and consultants, universities, universities, and our own sales and marketing organization, resulting in better communication and collaboration.

changers, laser rig alignment and positioning units adding

Above all, we wish to make it easier for our customers to

utilization, while computerized drill plans, strata logging and

select the right equipment for their par ticular application, for more efficient production and a safer environment, so that we continue to be the supplier of first choice.

onboard communications systems fine tune drilling quality. As a result, Simba rigs can be equipped to drill continuously through meal breaks and a nd shift changes, reporting every move move to the office!

Mikael Ramström Product Line Manager Underground Drilling Equipment Atlas Copco Rock Drills AB

[email protected]

2


TALKING TECHNICALL TECHNIC ALLYY

Percussive rock dril drilliling ng A century of drilling and development

s

Over the last 100 years or so there have been rapid and impressive increases in efficiency and productivity in tophammer drilling. Technical development started from hitting a steel manually by a sledgehammer, through pneumatic handheld drills and rig-mounted multiple drills, to today’s highfrequency hydraulic drills with optional automatic control utilizing state-of-the-art technology to achieve top efficiency.

Principles

5200 m/s

+ –

2 x piston length

Figure 1: Stress level in shock wave.

In percussive tophammer dril ling, energy is transmitted from the rock drill via the shank adapter, drill steel and drill bit to the rock, where it is used for crushing.

A pneumatic or hydraulic rock drill generates the energy required to break the rock. A pressure is applied on drive

area a or b (in Figure 2), which drives the impact piston forwards and backwards.

The impact piston of a hydraulic rock drill strikes the shank adapter typically 50-60 times per second, a frequency of 50-60 Hz, although there are examples of rock drills with much higher frequen-

cy like the COP 3038, which operates at 102 Hz. The entire system of rock drill, drill steel, bit, and rock contact must har monize for maximum drilling economy

Stress waves Theoretically, the stress wave has a rectangular shape, and a length of twice that of the piston. The stress amplitude depends on the speed of the piston at the moment of impact, and on t he relation-

ship between the cross-sectional area of the piston and that of the drill steel. It takes about 0.004 second for a stress

Figure 2: Principle of tophammer drilling.

machine housing impact piston

drive area a

shank adapter

damping piston

drive area b

drill rod coupling sleeve

drill bit rock

flushing hole rotation splines


3


wave amplitude, is obtained with the long slender piston working at high pressure.

Piston 1 – 0,8 MPa

Efficiency and losses Piston 2 – 12 MPa

The wave loses some 5-7% of its energy for every additional coupling, as it travels along the drill string. This loss is partly due to the difference in cross-sectional cross-sectio nal area between the rod and coupling sleeve, and partly due to

Piston 3 – 20 MPa

imperfect contact between the rod faces.

The poorer the contact, the greater the energy loss. When the shock wave reaches the bit, the buttons are forced against the rock, thereby crushing it. The efficiency at the

bit never reaches 100%, because some of the energy is reflected as recoils or 3

reflecting waves (see Figure 4). The recoils can be of tensile or compressivee type. pressiv t ype. With a sharp bit, or when there gen-

2 1

erally is a shock wave with a too high energy content, or when there is poor

Shock-wave amplitude

rock contact, we get tensile wave reflections.

The poorer the contact between the bit and the rock, the less is the bit

Figure 3: Stress levels generated by different pistons of same weight.

wave to reach the rock using a 20 m long drill steel.

The total stresses that the wave contains are indicated in Figure 1. To To calculate the output power obtained s

Reflecting wave

+ –

Primary wave

Figure 4: Nature of drill string ‘recoil’ or reflecting wave.

from a rock drill, the wave energy content is multiplied by the impact frequency of the piston, and is usually stated in kilowatts (kW). Two rock drills having the same nomina l power rating might have quite different properties. Rock drill design engineers

seek to find the best combinations of various parameters, such as the piston geometry, the impact rate and the frequency for the application in mind.

4

The shock waves waves that are a re generated by hydraulic and pneumatic rock drills are significantly different in shape. Drill rods used with hydraulic rock drills will normally show substantially longer service life, compared with pneumatic rock drills, because of the higher peak stress levell obtained leve obtai ned with the t he latter’s piston. The reason is the larger cross-section needed on the impact piston when oper-

ating at the lower pressures (6-8 bar) of pneumatic systems compared to the 150-250 150250 bar of hydraulic systems. The more slender the piston shape, the lower the stress level (see Figure 3). In addition, a higher impact pressure,

efficiency.

With a worn bit, or when we have a shock wave with too low energy content, we get compression wave wave recoils. Both recoil types cause damage to the drill steel and rock drill, but the damage can be reduced with an efficient damper arrangement (see Figure 11, page 7).

Percussion pressure It is only when drilling in sufficiently hard rock that the maximum achievable

energy per blow can be utilized. In soft rock, the percussion pressure, and thus the energy per p er blow, blow, will have to be lowered to reduce the recoils.

a longer stroke length, and less piston weight give a higher impact velocity and a higher drill steel stress. Another

To get the t he longest possible service life from shank adapters and a nd rods, it is important to ensure that the working

consideration is that, for a ny given per-

pressure (and impact energy) is matched

cussion pressure, the stress in the drill

to the rock conditions and the drill

steel will be higher with reduced crosssection of the drill rods.

string at all times (see Figure 5).

Figure 3 compares the stress level generated by three different pistons having the same weight, but different shapes and working at different pressures. The lowest stress, or shock

Feed force Drill feed maintains the drill bit in close close contact with the rock to get benefit from the shock waves. However, the bit must



Percussion pressure

Soft rock

Hard rock

Figure 5: Percussion pressure is lowered in softer rock to reduce reflected energy.

Feeding

Low percussion pressure

High percussion pressure

Figure 8: Working relationship between bit diameter (x-axis) and sp eed of rotation for a given drill. Figure 6: Feed force must be m atch- ed to percussion pressure.

If the impact pressure (and power) is

• specific gravity gravity and particle particle size –

increased, the required feed force will

the larger or heavier the particles, the higher the flushing speed that is

be increased (see Figure 6).

Rotation

still be able to rotate. The feed force must always always be matched to t o the percussion pressure. To do this, the feed force is increased

until the joints are a re well tightened (but still easy to loosen) at a good penetration rate. Further increase will cause

shaped particles.

drill bit to a suitable new position for the next blow, giving the bit a correct index-

A rule-of-thumb is that the flushing

frequency and reduced bit diameter (see Figures 7 and 8). If the actual rotation is not smooth for a fixed fi xed impact frequency fre quency,, shank adapter life will be reduced.

When using insert bits instead of button bits, the recommended rotation rate is 10-20% higher.

Flushing

deviation and shorter service life of the

Drill cuttings are removed from the hole bottom to the surface sur face by water flushing or air blowing blowing,, or a combination (water (water

drill steel due to problems with uncoupling the rods from a high tightening

mist). As the pow power er output from rock drills increases, giving increased pen-

torque. In the case of poor feed, the penetrapenetr a-

etration rate, efficient flushing f lushing becomes

tion rate will drop, and probably the rotation torque will not be high h igh enough to tighten the couplings, which will run ‘open’. The service life of the drill steel will thus be shortened.

require more speed than flaky fla ky,, leaf

The purpose of rotation is to turn the ation. Using button bits, the periphery is turned about 10 mm between blows. Consequently, Consequentl y, the rotation rate rat e needs to be increased using higher impact

Figure 7: Relationship between impact frequency and drill bit rotation.

required; • particle shape – sp spherical herical particles particles

more important. The flushing f lushing capacity capacity must be increased with larger bits and larger difference between the bit and rod size diameters

The required flushing speed will depend on:


speed in the hole should be a minimum

of 0.5 m/s for water flushing and 10 m/s for air f lushing (or (or water mist). The

flushing medium is normally water for underground drilling.

Setting parameters The drilling dril ling parameters for percussion pressure, feed force, and rotation must harmonize, in order to optimize drilling economy.

In practice, the driller sets the percussionn pressure to get an acceptable, cussio but not excessive penetration rate, and then sets the rotational speed with regard to the percussive frequency and bit diameter.

When drilling starts, the feed is adjusted to get even and smooth rotation. If this is not achieved, the percussionn and feed pressure can be percussio progressively reduced. Smooth and even

rotation will result in good penetration and long component service lives. Lost energy, representing low efficiency, will result in excess heat generation.

5


Soft/Medium hard rock

Hard rock

10,000 psi 70 MPa

Very hard rock

30,000 psi

50,000 psi

210 MPa

350 MPa

70,000 psi 480 MPa

Figure 9: A range of rock types and hardnesses, which can be tackled by rock drills successfully.

The temperature of the adapter sleeve can be checked to ensure that the drilling parameters are correctly set. Immediately after drilling, the temperature should be approximately 45 degrees C when drilling with water flushing and about 60 degrees C for air flushing. Atlas Copco provides

a temperature gauge: part number P/N 9850 8715 00. Loose couplings will cause drilling problems, but they can be

Additional factors in longhole drilling

tightened during drilling by increasing the friction of the bit against the hole

There are some special parameters that

bottom. This can be done by increasing

the feed, increasing or decreasing the

drilling. Water entry: The entry of water

rotation rate, or by changing the bit.

into a rock drill and the hydraulic

have to be borne in mind for longhole

Figure 10: Comparison of properties for the two stroke lengths in the COP 2550UX rock drill.

Impact Impact Power (kW) Pressure (bar)

26

260

25

250

24

240

23

230

22

220

21

210

20

200

19

190

Impact Energy (J)

Percussion Data COP 2550UX 550

4

3 h t g n e l e k o r t S

6

Stroke 3

y g e r n r e E u s

Feed Force

500

r e w o P

8

Stroke length 2

450

s r e P

5

E

400 18

E =

E

180

P f

1 17

P= Impact power E= Impact energy f = Frequency

170

3 16

160

15

150

14

140

13

130

12

120

11

110

10

100

350

Stroke 2

300

Equal Impact Energy 250

2

38

40

7

45

50

A changed stroke length and impact pressure can maintain the impact energy but increse the frequency and the impact power.

200

54

Frequency (Hz)

The chart shows indata for impact pressure 180 bar with stroke length 3 (intersection 1). The frequency is read to 40 Hz (2), the impact power at this frequency is 16,8 kW (3) and the impact energy is 420 J (4). By changing to stroke length 2 and maintain the impact energy 420J (5) the impact pressure needs to be set to 238 bar (6). The frequency achieved is 53 Hz (7) and the new impact power is 22,2 kW (8).

6



two strokes. For soft rock or small bits a lower impact energy and a higher frequency is preferable because each blow

2 1

Constant oil flow

1 8

contains enough impact energy to crush

the rock and, therefore, the penetration rate increases the higher the frequency. Stroke length 2 in Figure 10 is thus more

suitable because, for a certain (low) energy, it gives the highest frequency f requency..

4

3

5 “floating” position

7

6

Figure 11: 11: Hydraulic dou ble damper.

system may, may, especially especial ly when in comc ombination with drill cuttings, lead to premature wear and failure of rock

can be eased, even if the drill string is not stuck. With a hanging drill string, the extractor helps the percussio percussionn in

drill and hydraulic system components. components.

‘rattling loose’ the drill string.

Consequently there will be high running costs and downtime.

This risk can be limited by using a drill collar assembled on the shank adapter when drilling dri lling upwards. Worn out flushing seals must be changed immediately. The new COP 2550UX rock drill has extra seals to cope with high flushing pressure and prevent water ingress, especially in drilling up-

holes. Water Water from the ‘tell-tale’ ‘tell-ta le’ hole at the front of Atlas Copco drills gives a signal to the operator when the seals are worn out. Dirt entry: Dirt in combination

with water will cause heavy wear and reduce the service life of components. All Atlas Copco rock drills sold on

Adapting impact power to rock and bits The concept of impact power can be confusing, since a combination of high energy and low frequency can give equally large power as for low energy and high frequency. Two rock drills having the same nominal power rating might therefore have quite different properties.

A change between stroke lengths but at the same impact pressure does not normally require any change in feed force. It is therefore advisable to choose a rock drill with as much impact energy as needed to crush the rock, but not excessively high, and the frequency

set as high as possible to get the best penetration rate.

Obviously a rock drill cannot be tuned to deliver the ‘ideal’ shock wave energy to crush the rock throughout the drilling operation. The bit gets worn and

Hydraulic dual damper

Atlas Copco’s Copco’s COP 1838HE 1838HE drill dr ill is ing with a bit diameter 76-89 mm. The impact piston has two different stroke

which may lead to problems with uncoupling the threads and high wear on the driver in the rock drill. With an extractor device, uncoupling the tubes

maximum impact energy.

higher penetration rate.

especially developed for long hole drill-

and TDS 87. The high contact pressure at the bit leads to high rot ation torques,

rock combination is much less than the

so the ideal energy amount increases,

mating surfaces, which means that the lubrication air pressure, generally 2-3 bar, is applied to the mating surfaces

string may cause problems, especially when drilling long holes downwards with tube drill strings such as TDS 76

limited. If not, stroke 2 can be used. This means also that a rock drill does not necessarily have to be run at its rated impact power to perform optimally. The impact energy required for the actual bit bit--

Simplified, impact energy requirement derives from rock properties and the hole dimension. Increased frequency,, and the power, then gives a frequency

underground drill rigs have pressurized

and cavities for the tie rods, preventing dirt entry. Heavy drill strings: A heavy drill

For hard rock or large bits high impact energy is required to crush the rock. With the COP 2550UX, both strokes 2 and 3 give high impact energies if the pressure is raised. Stroke length 3 has a lower frequency and is thus most suitable if the input power is

lengths, giving ‘two rock dr ills in one’ one’..

COP 2550UX is a new 25 kW rock drill for T51 drill steel with a bit diameter 76–115 mm. It also has two stroke positions, and is supplied with a powerful hydraulic extractor to save time and drill steel. Figure 10 shows the impact power as

a function of the impact rate for stroke lengths 2 and 3. The corresponding impact pressure at each graph point is shown in black. There is also a compari-

son of the same impact energy for the


but it’s possible to set the parameters to a good compromise.

Atlas Copco’s more recently developed hydraulic rock drills like COP 1838-series and COP 4050MUX have a dual-damping system. This is an effective device for giving a good ‘suspension’ of the drill string just as it absorbs compression recoil energy.

Older models like COP 1238ME havee a hydraulic single-stage damping hav system, which is less effective and lacks the energy-absorbing energy-absorbing feature, but still is better than drilling without damper.

The dual-damping system provides good contact between the bit and rock to increase penetration rate, and give a good tightening torque on 7


impact piston (on the right) has hit the

12a

shank adapter and started a return stroke

away from it. The extractor piston has been hit by the shank adapter through the collar on the middle of the shank. The extractor piston ‘bounces’ on the hydraulic fluid (red) and hits the shank adapter again, but in the right direction to free a stuck steel, as indicated by the ‘feed force’ arrow.

Feed system In order to obtain controlled rotation torque for good, but not excessive, cou-

pling tightening, Atlas Copco uses its RPCF (Rotation Pressure Controlled

12b

Feed) feature in the drill control system.

If the rotation pressure (and torque) increases, the feed force is reduced, and

vice-versa, vice-v ersa, in a controlled way. If the rotation pressure gets excessively excessively high,

the feed is reversed (anti-jamming) in order not to get stuck. The drilling equipment performs best

when the feed is applied in a controlled and smooth way. A hydraulic cylinder feed gives a smoother operation than a chain driven feed.

Set parameters Figures 12a and 12b: Operation of a hydraulic extractor.

coupling threads. It also increases shank adapter and drill steel service lives.

When drilling upwards, the damper pressure will increase due to the

Referring to Figure 11, the basic reflex damper system consists of a

increased weight weight of the drill dril l string, and the opposite when drilling downwards.

damping piston (1), accumulator (2) and

Atlas Copco longhole drill rigs have a control system feature called DPCI (Damper Pressure Controlled Impact), which senses the damper pressure and

shank adapter (3). The impact piston is (4). When the reflected shock wave knocks the damper piston backwards (to

the right), the pressure rapidly rises in the chamber (5) as the check valve (6) is closed. This forces oil in chamber (5) to

maintains set impact pressures depending on the damper pressure.

Hydraulic extractor

by means of heat. At the same time, the

A major contributor to overall productivity and economy in longhole drilling is Atlas Copco’s device, the hydraulic extractor, which is optional on all Atlas

back to establishing contact again with the shank adapter (3).

A good way of checking that a correct feed force is applied is to monitor the damper pressure. When drilling horizontally it should be kept constant at a certain level depending on the rock drill model, the drill steel and bit.

8

changes can be assessed properly. properly.

Atlas Copco gives thorough general instructions on how to set the initial rock drill parameters at ev every ery start up of a new rig. By using the Atlas Copco-develo Copco-developed ped drilling simulation program Diarot, one

can predict drilling performance and give settings recommenda recommendations tions in order

to optimize drilling for the conditions. Again, all final settings sett ings must take place on site in any case.

be released to the oil reservoir (7) over the edge (8). This absorbs the energy

accumulator (2) is charged, to provide a fast movement of the damper piston

All final settings must take place at the face, where the effect of parameter

Copco hydraulic rock drills for longhole drilling. The extractor is comparable to a sliding hammer and it eliminates jamming in the hole, but can also be used to ease

Hydraulic rock drill suitability See the separate machine specifications in the final section of this reference edi-

tion as regards the suitable conditions for each drill model.

Fredrik Öberg

loosening of joints during longhole drilling drilli ng downwards. downwards. In Figure 12a, the PRODUCTION DRILLING IN UNDERGROUND MINING

TALKING TECHNICALLY

In-The-Hole (ITH) vs tophammer drilling in underground mining Pneumatic and hydraulic Until the late 1960s, pneumatic tophammer drilling, employing around 6 bar pressure, was the logical choice for the full variety of holes needed in an underground mine. Raiseborers employing rotary drilling were introduced to supercede conventional manual stoper drilling using ladders and timber platforms, or the Alimak method. By boosting mine air pressure up from 6-7 6 -7 bar to 10-11 10-11 bar, down the hole (DTH) hammer drilling became feasible, and was used mainly for holes requiring high accuracy, such as for drainage, cables and long hole winzes and raises. For production drilling in open stoping, the down the hole drill became popular, especially in Canada. It could be used for drilling in all directions, including up holes, and the term DTH, as used in surface applications, was dropped in favour of the more descriptive ITH for underground work. Pneumatic tophammer drills were progressively replaced by more-efficient hydraulic rock drills, and the pneumatic pressure was increased in stages up to 25-28 bar for the new generation of ITH hammers.

Figure 1: Simba M6 C production drill rig with IT ITH. H. Figure 2: Influence of bedding and foliation on drilling.

In case α is greater than 15° the hole deflects perpendicula perpendicularly rly to foliation (bedding).

Tophammer drilling The main drawback with tophammer drilling is the in-hole deviation that limits the practical hole length. As the magnitude of deviation is exponential to the hole length, tophammer holes are normally restricted to around 30 m. Penetrating structured struct ured rock with strong foliation and bedding properties can cause deviations of up to 5-10% (see Figure 2).

As a result, many mines avoid drilling holes deeper than 20 m, unless guide

rods are added directly behind the bit, or drill tubes are used. In these cases, the deviation deviation can be expected to decrease PRODUCTION DRILLING IN UNDERGROUND MINING

9

TALKING TECHNICALLY

to 3-5%. 3-5%. Figure 3 illustrates the t he problem

with tophammer tophammer drilling patterns in a typical sub level stoping application. The problem is, in fact, three-dimension three-di mensional, al, and can produce excessive excessive burden and toe spa-

Typical influence of bedding on long hole tophammer drilling in sublevel open stoping, max hole length 30 m

cing, resulting in misfires or poor fragmentation.

ITH drilling The penetration rate of ITH rock drills is almost proportional to t he applied air pressure, so an increase to 28 bar will almost treble the net penetration achieved using 10.5 bar. As water mist drilling is necessary underground for dust suppression, suppression, there is a net penetration loss of some 20% compared compared to dr y drilling on the surface.

Positive Positiv e features of ITH normally the in-hole • Straight holes – normally deviation is maintained within +/-0.5% (max +/-1%). This means that hole lengths up to 75 m are

Ore boundaries Designed hole direction Actual hole direction Critical area for fragmentation

commonly used in large mines, such

Figure 3: Typical influence of bedding on long hole tophammer drilling in sublevel open stoping, maximum hole length 30 m.

2.0

6.50

2.50

15.00 m

15.00 m 50°

1.50

3.70

45° 3.70

1.500

chutes, and better overall economy of materials handling. The usage of ITH drilling challenges the mine planner

Undercut drilling using tophammer at El Soldado, Chile ll l

l

l

ll

l

to a new dimension of stope design and geometry. As actual versus de-

ll

30°

C 3.5

signed hole pattern and location coin-

3.5

E 50 to 75 m

B

A

50 to 75 m

t f a h S

C O R T E

B

45.0°

used for establishing the trough t rough unC´

45.0°

Section

Plan drilling level

Production drilling pattern using ITH at El Soldado, Chile

Figure 4: Tophammer and IT ITH H drilling patterns.

10

cides well, the ore/waste ratio can be better controlled. Figure 4 shows the drill pattern used at El Soldado, where 64 mm tophammer drilling is

A´

E

as El Soldado and Mount Isa, with negligible hole deviation. Such hole accuracy can result in substantial savings in the development of drilling drifts, as the sublevels can be spaced further apart. A prerequisite is that the orebodies have adequate size and regular ore/waste boundaries. Less hole deviation deviation means controlled fragmentation of blasted material, resulting in less drawpoint hang-ups, less secondary breaking, less blockages of ore passes and

dercuts, combined with 165 mm ITH drilling for downhole bench drilling

from the sub level above. In order to get best usage of the larger holes, the layout of this level resembles a surface bench used at quarries and open pits. PRODUCTION DRILLING IN UNDERGROUND MINING

TALKING TECHNICALLY

devell• Longhole raises can be better deve oped, with higher precision. fractured ured • Less risk of getting stuck in fract and faulted rock conditions. Low noise level noise level at the worksite, worksite, as the •

hammer is working inside the hole,

•

close to the bit. Simplicity of operation, service and

maintenance means that high availability of equipment can be expected.

Nevertheless, Nev ertheless, to obtain high utilization, a certain scope of mining is required. A single rig has a capacity of about 60,000-80,000 drilled m/year,

depending on conditions, assuming 2 or 3 shifts/day shifts/day,, so yield per r ig can easily exceed exceed 1 million mi llion m3, provided

that drill sites are available and this

Conventional tophammer T45/51

order of production is required.

As the hammer is always in direct contact with the bit, no percussive energy is lost in joints. Hence, the net penetration rate does not drop as the hole gets deeper. For tophammer drilling, around 5 % of the percussive energy is lost at every additional rod joint.

Drawbacks Drawbac ks with ITH I TH • 6-25 bar compressed air pipes have to be installed on the drilling level, to provide the required pressure boost.

Crown pillar

4.5 m 8-15 m Typical cable cab le bolting ∅ 51 mm drill bit

Production drilling ∅ 74 mm drill bit

Drawpoint level

Figure 6: Influence of drilling methods on d eviation.

• High air volume consumption • ITH drills larger larger holes holes of 90-254 mm.

applications, applicatio ns, due to the large amount

The normal range is i s 110 -1 -178 78 mm, compared with tophammers at 51-102 mm. As more explosives are used per metre of hole, the cracks after detonation propagate further away from the hole. As a rule of thumb, for every additional 25 mm of hole diameter, the cracks migrate one more metre. As a result, drawpoint brows and sidewalls in pillars

the working site. Installed rock reinforcementt might also be subjected to forcemen damage.

Summary There is no simple answer as to which drilling method is preferable. There are advantages and disadvantages with both

methods. One governing issue is how

might be overblasted and cracked. • Irregu Irregular, lar, narrow orebodies cannot

much in-hole in-hole deviation can be accepted ac cepted for successful blasting results.

take advantage of the longer and

Regarding hole deviation related to misalignment and collaring errors, new Atlas Copco drill rigs for both

larger diameter holes. • As tophammer drilling constitutes

the only alternative alter native choice for devedevelopment of drifts, crosscuts, ramps, rock reinforcement and miscellaneous infrastructure, an additional drilling method is being introduced with ITH. Figure 5 shows a topham-

mer Simba used for both cable bolts Figure 5: Tophammer Simba is used for both cable bolts and production drilling at Zinkgruvan, Sweden.

of wet drill cuttings descending to

tophammer and ITH drilling are robus robustly tly

designed and equipped to keep deviation problems to a minimum. Figure 6 shows differences in hole deviation with the different methods.

Hans Fernberg

and production holes. • Uphole dril drilling ling is is avoided avoided as much as possible, except in sublevel caving


11

TALKING TECHNICALLY

Simba L6 C drilling upholes.

12



Drilllling Dri ing long straight s traight holes Avoiding hole deviation To achieve good fragmentation dud uring blasting, it is important that the drill holes follow the designed direction along their entire length. Two obvious causes of hole deviation, however however,, are poor hole alignment and imprecise collaring, although in principle these can be avoided by good working practice on the part of the drill rig operator. A third, and less easy factor to overcome is in-hole deviation, usually owing to the geological conditions of the rock mass being drilled. Consider, for example, a hole that is being drilled in rock comprised of a soft and hard layer separated along a plane that is not at right angles to the drilling direction. Depending on the angle of approach to the plane of separation, hole deviation will arise as a result of the bit either sliding along the harder material, or, alternatively, penetrating the softer material faster. Only if the rig operator knows at what depth this plane of separation lies, can he take appropriate action, such as reducing the percussion and feed pressure of the rock drill when passing from soft to hard or hard to soft rock.

Collaring misalignment Collaring offset

Planned hole

In-hole deviation

Incorrect depth

Figure 1: Various causes of hole deviation.

hole deviation are shown in Figure 1.

Drilling according to plan To achieve the required requi red fragmentation as indicated by the pre-calculated blasting results, it is a prerequisite that the

blast holes are drilled according to the drill plan. This means that the holes must be collared in exactly the right position, and then drilled in the correct

direction and to the exact depth indicated in the drill plan. Precision in collaring and hole align-

ment can be achieved with proper surveying veyin g and mark-ups of the drill pattern

grid, coupled with a drill angle indicator mounted on the drill feed, and a hole depth instrument.

It is also essential to have a good view of the collaring procedure from the operator’s cabin. Various causes of

Due to collar error

The most influential factor in achieving accurate drill holes is in-hole deviation during drilling, which is usually a result of the particular geological characteris-

tics of the rock mass, such as the grain size, and the degree of fracturing and foliation. The adverse effect of bedding

to be a tendency for the drill bit to penetrate the rock in a direction di rection that is parallel to the bedding beddi ng plane when the angle

of approach is less than 15 degrees. In contrast, drilling drilli ng through homogenous rock, such as isotropic granite with minor fracturing, results in little or no inhole deviation.

and foliation on in-hole deviation can be clearly seen in Figure 2 where the drill holes have tended to deviate in

Drill string bending

directions at right angles to the jointing

Aside from geological conditions of the

within the rock mass. It is also noticeable that the longer the drill holes, the more accentuated is the deviation. It is often claimed that the amount of deviation is proportional to the depth

rock mass, other perhaps less obvious

squared.

(Figure 3). During the drilling operation, the fric-

Experience shows that the approach angle of the drill dril l bit towards the bedding planes is crucial, and there appears


in-hole factors can have a marked inf luin-hole ence on hole deviation, such as hammer specifications and condition, and the bit

and drill string design and condition tion generated between the drill bit and the rock induces a torque in the 13


condition, conditio n, particularly part icularly with respect to regrinding. From an accuracy point of view, a flat front bit or a drop centre (concave) front bit (Figure 5) results in a straighter stra ighter hole than a drill bit with a convex front.

It must also be remembered that t o obtain the best hole accuracy with all drill bits, they must be reground so that their faces are restored to their original

shape in terms of both the buttons and the steel, even if this is more time consuming than simply ‘polishing’ ‘polishing’ the but-

tons and not removing any of the steel g n i d d e b / n o i t a i l o f f o n o i t c e r i D

between the buttons. In this regard, dropcentre drill dril l bits are, once again, prefer-

able to their convex counterparts since the concave shape needs only to be reground such that the profile of the central buttons is restored to its original pat-

tern without adversely affecting hole straightness, even when the concave face

eventually eventu ally wears flat through normal operation. If the drill dri ll bit face is plane all the way out to its periphery, the bending moment in the drill string will be proportional to the product of the feed force and the hole diameter, while the lateral displacement of the drill string will be limited by the

diameters of the drill bit and the drill string. Thus, if the drill bit is correctly and frequently reground, the feed force

Figure 2: Hole deviation shown in a wall of varied, jointed rock types.

drill string stri ng above above a certain drill rotation rate. The larger the drill string diameter

it is now supported at two points along the hole. At three times the theoretical

and the greater the rotation rate, the

bending length, the drill string will once again buckle, and so on with increasing hole depth.

higher is the torque necessary, and thus feed force, to keep the drill string joints sufficiently well tightened.

At a particular part icular point along the hole, the drill string will buckle, so that rather than being straight in the hole it is supported by the hole wall close to the midpoint between rock drill and a nd the hole

bottom. For a COP 1838ME rock drill, with a drill string diameter of 38 mm and a feed force of 6,400 N at a percussive pressure of 200 bar, this bending length is approximately 11 m. In practice,

bending occurs at a somewhat shorter interval since the drill string is never perfectly straight at the commencement of drilling.

When the drill string has been extended to twice the theoretical bending length, it will buckle once more, so t hat

14

Assuming the same combination of drill string, impact force and rotation rate, rock drills with ‘floating dampers’, such as the COP 1800-series, COP 2550

and the COP 4050 rock drills require less feed force to keep the drill str ing jointss well joint wel l tight tightened ened tha thann those t hose rock drills incorporating ‘fixed dampers’, such as the COP 1032 and COP 1238 units. Those rock drills with an axial bearing between the drill string and the machine require the greatest feed force to maintain joint tightness.

will be directed to the periphery of the drill bit so that the whole cutting face is in contact with the base of the hole, even if the drill string buckles. With poor and infrequent i nfrequent regrinding, however, the drill bit may ‘wiggle’ on the hole-bottom owing owing to the uneven distribution of the feed force, and will sooner or later result in hole deviation.

Drill string considerations Other things being equal, the larger the diameter of the drill string, the straighter the drill hole that will be achieved, since

the drill string diameter has more of an influence on the bending length than the feed force (Figure 6). In addition, a larger diameter drill string increases the safety

margin against ‘wiggling’ (i.e. the ratio between the maximum bending moment

Drill bits and regrinding

of the drill string and the bending mo-

Also influencing inf luencing hole hole deviation is the geometry of the drill bit face and its

ment at which bending occurs) so that less careful regrinding can be tolerated before

‘wiggling’ sets in. This does not mean,



however, that larger string dia-meters should be deployed in preference to less careful grinding. Since drill tubes have larger diameters diameters than drill rods, they result in greater hole straightness.

A complete drill string of tubes is often necessary in downward production drilling underground in order to

Out-of-the-hole factors

Operator-related factors

In-hole fa factors

Set-up errors

Drilling parameters

Rock conditions

• Wrong set up position • Wrong set up angle

• Feed force • Rotation • Flushing

• Grain size • Fractures • Foliation

achieve sufficient flushing f lushing capacity. An attractive alternative is the adop-

tion of a guide tube connected to the drill bit, which, owing to its larger diameter, reduces the possible amplitude of

drill bit ‘wiggle’ compared with rods.

Importance of rotation

into the drill bit should be as long as

If a dril l string is buckled, then the

possible. Unlike a drill string comprised solely

buckled section may rotate, whereby the bit will work over all of the hole bottom. In this case, there should be no hole hole deviation, even even if the bit is only in contact with the rock at one or two points at the periphery.

transmitted via ‘shoulder impact’, stress

waves wav es in a drill string incorporating a guide tube are transmitted down the rods

to the guide tube via ‘bottom impact’. Thus the guide tube does not suffer from premature female thread failure. Even though a guide tube will always result in a marginal decrease in drilling

rate (depending only on the cross sectional area increase relative to the rods in the rest of the drill string, rather than the drill tube length), the improved hole

straightness achieved is normally of greater value to the mining engineer. Another way to minimize minimi ze ‘wiggling’ ‘wiggling’

is to use Retrac bits (Figures 7 and 8). Characterized by a bit skirt with the same outer diameter as the bit head, in in

• Hammer parameters and condition • Bit and drill string design condition • Cradle guides • Drill steel support

Figure 3: The drill rig rig operator can eliminate, in principle, many of the factors factors influencing hole deviation. Less easy to overcome, however, are the geological conditions of the rock mass being drilled and equipment-related influences.

Also, as the possible angle of ‘wiggling’ decreases with increasing length of the guide tube, the guide tube incorporated

of tubes, where the stress waves are

Equipment re related factors

It is more li kely kely,, however, however, that the buckled section will not rotate, which means that the drill string will be sub jected to rotational rotat ional bending. bendi ng. The bending moment moment in the drill dril l string corre-

than the nominal bending stress. For example, the rotational bending stress in a drill string incorporating 38 mm diameter rods with a feed force of 6,400 N and a hole diameter of 89 mm is approximately 15 MPa, equivalent to around 5% of the stress wave amplitude

generated by the piston. In this case, therefore, either the impact velocity of the piston must be reduced so that the stress wave amplitude is 5% smaller, or

the hole may be drilled at a 5% higher impact velocity (corresponding to 5% higher frequency, around 15% higher

sponds to the maximum nominal bend-

impact power and, hence, a 15% higher

ing stress in the drill string, which is measured some distance from the

rate of drilling) provided that the drill

threaded ends of a rod. However, stress-

concentration factors in areas close to the threaded ends result in stresses in

string length is less than the theoretical t heoretical bending length.

In practice, the operator cannot be

these regions that are significantly higher

expected to reduce the percussi percussion on pressure simply because the pre-determined

Figure 4: Button bit with flat front.

Figure 5: Button bit with drop centre front.

effect a very short guide tube with maximum possible diameter, Retrac bits have

been developed primarily to improve retraction of the drill string in difficult rock conditions where the tendency for jamming frequen frequently tly occurs. Debris from

the hole is flushed through slots machined along the bit, and the rear end of the skirt has a cutting edge between every slot.

Since the Retrac bit cannot ‘wiggle’ ‘wiggle’ as much as a standard bit with a skirt that is significantly smaller than the bit

head, hole straightness is, once again, improved.

However, the use of long guide tubes will normally result in straighter holes than those drilled using Retrac bits. PRODUCTION DRILLING IN UNDERGROUND MINING

15


O D D R E E S P T 3 8

Long hole precision drilling In-hole deviation as function of hole length

R O D E E D P S T 4 5

(Derived from investigations at LKAB, Kiruna)

Deviation 1.50 m

o d d e r u i d G T 4 5

1.00 m

u b e 6 4 t S T D

0.50 m

15

20

25

30

35

40 m Hole depth

Drill Strings relating to Diagram T38 SPEEDROD® T38 SPEEDROD®/ Standard bit T45 SPEEDROD®/T45 GUIDE ROD/ (old design)/Retrac Bit TDS 64 tube/TDS 64 tube/Guide Bit

Figure 6: Larger diameter drill strings result in less In-hole deviation as a function of hole d epth.

bending length of the drill string has been exceeded. On the contrary, the operator requires increased increase d percussion pressure to counteract the decreasing

percussion pressure according to the

exceeds the theoretical bending length,

particular circumstances, so the drill rig

the percussion pressure must be regulated so that the drill string is not sub jecte jec tedd to t o rota r otation tional al bend bending ing at tho those se

drilling rate owing to increasing bit wear. Therefore,, the operator must determine Therefore determ ine

hole depth does not exceed the bending

Figure 7: Bit with Retrac skirt. Drop centre front and ballistic buttons.

Figure 8: Bit with Retrac skirt. Drop centre front and spherical buttons.

may be operated at higher percussion pressures for those holes where the length. Alternatively, if the hole depth

points where it is buckled. Drill string stri ng rotation also gives gives rise to another complicating factor with respect

to hole straightness in terms of the phenomenon of ‘whirling’. Similar to the ‘critical rotation rate’ for rotating machines, ‘whirling’ gives rise to a smaller bending length than for a drill string that is not rotating, rotating, and mathematically can be shown to be approximately

80% of theoretical bending length of a stationary drill string.

Non-vertical holes The bending length referred to thus far relates only to vertical holes. For slanted holes, the weight of the drill string gives

rise to bending, so that the drill dril l string is never straight, and, as with rotational influences, results in a shortening of the

theoretical bending length as the hole becomes more horizontal. In benching and production drilling drill ing underground, the holes are almost vertical however, and the effect of dr ill hole angle is normally negligible negligible in these applications.

16



Other factors

•

Although relatively uncommon, another an other

phenomenon is worth mentioning with respect to in-hole deviation.

During drilling, dril ling, the piston subjects the drill string to a pulsed axial stress, the periodic load of which may theoretically initiate resonance vibration, resulting in plastic deformation of the drill string close to the joints. This phenomenon is very rare, how ever, owing to the fact that the boundary condition between the bit and the t he rock is never constant. Also, as soon as the drill string length is greater than the theoretical bending length, it will

straighter holes. • For tophammer dril drilling, ling, Atlas Copco

provides TDS tubes that can be added behind the drill d rill bit to improve

the flushing and reduce the risk of the drill string becoming stuck. Even en more accurate than tophammer • Ev

drilling are ITH, COPROD and rotary drilling, all of which result in

less deviation than with tophammer drills. •

inhibiting resonance vibration.

Less deviation deviation can be achieved achieved through a combination of reduced feed force and increased rotational speed.

be supported by the hole wall at one or

more points along its length, thereby

A stiff stiff drill string, string, and small small clearclearance between the hole and the dril l string components, will result in

•

Shorter holes allow the rig operator to better control the extent of hole deviation.

Remedies From a practical point of view, there are

various ways and means to minimize hole deviation owing to the factors outlined above above::

Summary Clearly it is impossib i mpossible le to completely eliminate hole deviation, but with the right

Figure 9: Bit with standard skirt and drop centre front.

this equipment in the optimum ma nner, the drill rig operator can influence hole deviation in a positive way.

choice of equipment and by utilizing

Patrik Ericsson

140 exc exciting iting pages all about: Mining methods in underground mining Get your own copy at www.miningandconstruction.com


17


Simba M4 C drilling upholes.

18



Automa Au tomated ted longho longhole le drilling drilling Redefining drilling standards Since the 1990s, Atlas Copco has been researching in novative ways of applying the rapid advances in computer technology to the specific needs of the mining and construction industries. The result is a generation of fully computerized drill rigs with much improved productivity, accuracy and serviceability. Designed with precision drilling, high productivity and swift availability in mind, the M and L ranges of Simba production drill rigs are equipped with the Atlas Copco Rig Control System (RCS), which is flexible and easily expandable. Significantly, the technology provides for varying degrees of rig automation and, ulti mately mately,, the possibility of fully automated and remotely monitored drilling. These drill rigs are of modularized design in both hardware and software, so their functionality is upgradeable step by step. Options such as Advanced Boom Control (ABC) Regular, ABC Total, Drill Plan Handling, Full Drill Data Handling (FDDH) and communication products are available to facilitate quality drilling. Atlas Copco has applied the same new automation technology for all drilling equipment such as Boomer drill rigs, Boltec rock bolting rigs, raise borers, the Cabletec cable bolting rig, the Scaletec scaling rig and ROC surface crawler rigs as well as underground loaders and trucks.

Rig Control System

The RCS-based production drilling rigs provide excellent operator's environment and improved drilling performance.

and electric influences. For production drilling rigs, the flexibility of the system

is highly utilized, and can be adapted and configured for all different types of applications. Customers can start at a low level of automation and, as their requirements change, can upgrade the

ogy,, has facilitated a quantum leap forogy

hydraulic valves instead of, or in con junction with, conventional hydraulic valves. The system is common on small and medium size Simba drill rigs.

functions. New functionality can be ad-

The RCS succeeded the Electrical

ded, without major rebuilding of the

Control System (ECS) in 2001 20 01,, when the latter became obsol obsolete. ete. RCS is intended for all kinds of automation in both basic and more advanced rigs. All Atlas Copco

rigs.

The current generation of drill rigs is designed for high productivity productivity,, accurate drilling, and a comfortable working environment for the operator.

RCS, which is a CAN-bus based system

using standard PC-computer technol-

The EDS electrical direct direc t control sysystem is an extension of the DCS control system, utilizing electrically controlled

Evolution of RCS

computerized rigs are equipped with RCS technology, which activates hydra-

ulic valves around the rig by an electrical signal from a PC rather than a switch or a lever on the operator's panel. Not only does this provide for advanced

ward with respect to logging capabili-

The Atlas Copco direct di rect control system

ties, serviceability and drilling accuracy

DCS is designed for basic basic drill rigs. DCS provides the operator with basic manual functionality,, such as manual boom pofunctionality

automation, proportional-type valve control, and incorporation of timers

sitioning, and manual drilling and rod handling. Although common on small Boomer drill rigs, the system is only available for the Simba 157 and Simba

trol, but it also allow al lowss the system to be

of drill rigs. CAN-bus systems systems use a single cable that interconnects a series of electronic components and al lowing

them to communicate with each other. The electronic modules are all a ll developed developed

solely for the rigs, and are ruggedized and protected from external magnetic

1257 production drilling rigs.


and parameter-based rock drilling conupgraded by installing new software at the worksite.

The simplicity of the system means that the driller does not have to be an 19


Advantages

Disadvantages

DCS - Basic and robust

- Automation not possible - Line-of-sight remote control not possible

EDS - Basic and robust - Remote control panel - line of sight (LOS)

- Automation not possible - Less control functions for the drilling process

RCS - Full automation possible - Designed for built-in optional functionality - Can be upgraded in the field - Easy to maintain and adjust - Simple hydraulic and electrical system - Low maintenance cost - Easy to operate, with good man-machine interface - Less hose metres

- Depending on automation level the RCS may require a more extensive training programme

electrical engineer or an IT technician to operate, maintain mainta in or even upgrade a rig, yet still benefits from electronic and computer technology in increasing productivity and decreasing drilling costs.

Levels of automation With the RCS platform established, Atlas Copco has been able to engineer a wide variety of new automated functions for all of its RCS drill rigs ai med at lowering costs while increasing performance. The Simba M and L ranges of longhole drill rigs can be engineered to three different levels of automation: ABC Basic, ABC Regular and A BC Total. Total.

Included in all Simba RCS systems is a standard leve levell of automation, ABC

Points for and against various control options.

Basic. It consists of computer controlled boom and feed mov movement ement allowing accurate proportional movement. movement. Also included are: system monitoring and fault

Different levels of automation can be achieved for major d rill rig operations.

Ad v a n t a g e s Operation - Drill rig operation Man-machine interface

ABC Basic ABC Re gular ABC Total

length indication; basic logging; manual 

















Drill rig set up - Angle indication - Manual drill positioning - Automatic drill positioning - Automatic anchoring

n/a n/a





n/a



Rod handling - Manual rod handling system - Automatic rod handling system







n/a











Drill control - Hole length indication - Advanced drill control - Automatic drill control control (one-hole -auto) - Breakthrough automatic stop - Detection of worn out drill bit - Automatic fan drilling Logging functionality - Statistic logging - Maintenance logging - Drill quality logging - Measure While Drilling (MWD) System monitoring - Basic system monitoring - Rock drill surveillance system - Smart oil leakage shutdown access Rig communication and data exchange - Basic communication - Mine text massage system - Rig Remote Access (RRA) PC software - Ore Manager  Equipped

20

diagnostics; data loading procedure; diagnostics; angle indication of feed position; hole drill unit positioning; positioning; and manual ma nual rod handling functions. There are two optional levels levels of ABC, namely Regular and Total. ABC Regular provides a medium level of automation, assisting the operator to accurately position, align and drill holes to the required depth, and to gather drilling drilli ng data for office analysis. For a Simba drill rig, ABC

Regular includes the ABC basic functionality plus: automatic rod handling handli ng and one-hole automatic drilling; drilli ng; boom







n/a n/a















n/a

n/a































































drilling applications, a single operator can handle several rigs by just starting the autonomous autonomous dri lling of the com-

n/a





plete fan, fan , and then move move over to the next

as standard;  Optional; n/a not available option

position feedback on operator’s display; logging of of drilled dri lled hole on PC-card which can be analyzed in the office, using the Ore Manager software. Options to ABC regular cover navigation to mine coordinate system; bit changer for tophammer

drill rigs; drill plan handling without full fan automation, but with automatic

positioning help. ABC Total enables a complete fan to be drilled automatically, converting conve rting the operator’s role to that of supervising the drill dril l rig. For production

drill rig. ABC Total for a Simba drill rig includes the ABC Regular functionality plus: automatic automatic fan drilli ng PRODUCTION DRILLING IN UNDERGROUND MINING


from pre-selected drill plan; manual sequence and position teach-in to prepare for a fully automatically drilled fan;

automatic automa tic drilling, with manual positioning, automatic collaring and drill ing;

hole to hole move strategy; hole sequence programming; and computer guided positioning of boom and feed according to a pre-selected fan plan.

Drill rig operation Common to all al l automation levels levels is the

man-machine interface (MMI), which provides the operator with a simple si mple and logical graphical display of different functions for drilling control, such as the rig

The RPCF keeps the rod joints tight.

angle, current drilling parameters, r ig monitoring and fault detection.

The interface incorporates an Atlas Copco display and control panel unit mounted either in the cabin/canopy on the drill rig or on a remote trolley linked to the rig by a CAN-bus cable. Logical control makes the system easy to learn and, importantly importa ntly,, on-screen gauge

By simply holding down a button on the control lever lever the feed fee d will be position positioned ed in a fast and accurate way according to

positions defined on the drill plan. Further automation during rig setup can be achieved at the ABC Total level

with the automatic control control of the drill dri ll rig stingers and feed extension during

after the bit change and continue drilling to the required depth in one sequence.

Drill control Drilling to a precise hole-length is preferable to estimating the number of rods necessary to complete a hole. All three automation levels levels offer an indication of

displays eliminate the requirement for

anchoring and de-anchoring.

hydraulic hoses hoses to be linked l inked to the control panel or fed into the cabin.

Rod Handling System

hole length on the operator's graphical display panel, together with penetra-

Drill rig setup

To satisfy current drilling dr illing demands, a

tion rate. This latter information can be

A hole alignment accuracy of within

Rod Handling System (RHS) is included on Simba rigs. Depending on the se-

±0.1 degree is attainable with the Simba

lected drill string, the RHS allows the

particularly helpful in fine tuning the system or when testing different drill bits, and in giving a better bett er understand-

L and M rigs as electronic sensors provide graphical information on the operator's display regarding the drill's rotation angle and tilt angle, or fan inclination. The operator can configure the direction of rotation and locate the

operator to use either Speedrods or TDS tubes. TDS tubes improve hole straightness and flushing speed whilst minimizing the risk of the rods becoming stuck

zero points according to the mine’s drill plan. Collaring angles for each hole can be logged and stored if the drill-quality logging option is installed. Manual drill unit positioning positioning is fitted

in the hole. The RHS, which incorporates pre-programmed interlocks to prevent the rock drill and rod handling arms from hitting each other, can be

ing of what is actually happening in the hole.

Advanced rock drill control is now made possible using RCS, with the RCS platform providing smoother control of the drilling operation, minimizing drill

steel stress and impro i mproving ving the penetration rate. These benefits are a re achieved

operated manually with the position lever and buttons on the operator's panel.

through control algorithms incorporated into the system. To To maintain maximum

By automating the rod handling sequ-

penetration rates in different ground

as standard on all the Simba M and L

ence, which is included in ABC Regular

conditions, as well as in different drill-

drill rigs, whereby the drilling unit and

and ABC Total, Total, more drill dril l metres per

ing directions, the Rotation Pressure

feed extension extension are manually operated from the control panel. Proportionally controlled valves help the operator to quickly establish the required feed direction using the joysticks while pre-

shift can ca n consistently be achieved, most

Controlled Feed (RPCF) algorithm ad-

notablyy as a result of drilling during notabl

justs the drill dril l feed-pressure depending

breaks and shift changeovers. Operators

upon the measured rotation pressure. As

need only to key in the required depth

well as improving the penetration rate, this maximizes the life of the shank

programmed drill unit rotation end stops prevent accidental damage to any hoses. To speed up feed positioning in cases

ling of a hole, including automatic ad-

where the drill plan handling option is

pre-determined depth. To simplify drill bit changes in mid-hole, the system will

used there is an additional a dditional function called Automatic Angle Adjustment (AAA).

to initiate automatic collaring and dril-

dition of rods during the drilling sequence

and removal when drilling reaches the automatically feed rods into the hole


adapter, tubes/rods and drill bits by ensuring that the tube/rods joints are tightened with a constant torque throughout the whole length. length. This can also make rod

removal remov al easier as it is unlikely unli kely that the joints will be too tight. The Dampening

21


Drill rig monitoring and diagnostics. Abnormal operational events recorded and stored in the Event Log (a, above), coupled with colour coding and descriptions of various cables and modules (b, above right) make fault finding (c, left) easier and faster.

at all automation levels with a basic system of monitoring monitoring vital rig parameters. Added protection to the drill can be provided by the rock drill lubrication

surveillance system, which terminates drilling if the rock drill lubrication air pressure and/or lubrication oil level and

pressure fall due to insufficient levels. Maintenance logging, a tool that draws the operator's attention to any uncharac-

teristic rig performance, is included in all levels of automation. Should key rig or rock drill operating parameters, such

as hydraulic oil temperature and level, percussion pressure or rotation pressure

exceed pre-set thresholds, the control function will identify the t he condition. In Pressure Control Impact (DPCI) algorithm, meanwhile, ensures that the drill

bit has good contact with the rock during high percussion periods by adjusting the percussion pressure according to the measured damping pressure. This

protects the rock drill from striking in open air or with full power in loose rock formations.

Finally, an anti-jamming function reverses the feed of the rock dri ll when excessive rotation pressure alerts the sy-

and, importantly, help help to minimize mi nimize hole deviations.

Several other automated drill functions can be incorporated to the Simba M and L rigs. Breakthrough Automatic Stop (ABC

Total and optional on ABC Regular) terminates drilling when the bit enters

Accidental loss of hydraulic oil can be detrimental, both in terms ter ms of cost for

bits can alert the operator when the drill

laring sequence for the hole. Automated drill control, on the other

need replacing. This is done by measuring the drilling sequence time.

can also be adjusted via the operator's display and control panel to suit varying rock conditions. Together, these features

result in much smoother collaring than can be achieved by manual drill dri ll control

22

lems owing to abuse, poor preven preventative tative maintenance or extreme drilling conditions.

tential costly loss of the drill string. Automatic detection of worn-out drill bits have exceeded preset values and

sequence that includes automatic collaring for the first rod. The collaring length

downloading and evaluating the data, downloading technicians can identify drilling prob-

a lower level, thereby preventing the po-

stem to a jam, and re-initiates the colhand, enables a hole hole to be drilled dri lled to a pre-determined depth in an a n automatic

these instances, rig and rock drill parameters will then be monitored and logged according to pre-set sampling sa mpling times. By

System monitoring and logging functionality As with all the other drilling operations, various levels of automation can be achieved for system monitoring, data

logging and downloading funct ions. The Simba M and L rigs are equipped

the mine and a nd the environment. Protection against such leakages is available through the smart smar t oil leakage shutdown

system, whereby the rig is shut down and the operator alerted with an onscreen message, if the control system detects a hydraulic oil leakage lea kage exceeding preset values. The Simba M and L rigs are also a lso equipped to log basic statistical data such as percussion hours, which can be down-

loaded onto a PC card by the operator. This tool is useful for service scheduling. Percussion hours for each individual



Direct menus on the display allow required information to be found quic kly, including (bottom right clockwise) drilling parameters, angle indication, settings and drill plan.

rock drill used on the rig can also be logged separately. It is vital to accurately position holes

for the charging and blasting process and the drill quality logging function provides feedback feedback to the t he planning personnel on what was drilled, when and where. The Simba M and L r igs equipped with this tool can log hole angle and depth as well as position data, which can ca n be downloaded and used later to be compared with the actual drill plan.

standard for data exchange between rock excavation equipment and users’ computer systems. This International Rock Excavation Data Exchange Standard, or IREDES, is the common language in data exchange for mining and

tunnelling. Ore Manager, which is IREDES compatible, can also be used to analyze the outcome of a drilling sequence in order to optimize the sub-

Such standardized systems also mean

that end-users' costs can be kept to a minimum, since data transfer does not require more expensiv expensive, e, tailor-made in-

terfaces. Such cost considerations are particularly important for those companies and projects where automation could make the t he development development of smallscale operations more viable.

language for handling data, the mining industry can introduce new technology without being dependent upon one sup-

Original equipment manufacturers will also benefit from the development of standardized systems since valuable resources that would otherwise be tied up with interface customization could be freed up to concentrate on other

In order to facilitate use of different equipment from different producers in the

plier for intelligent mining automation

technology developments.

same organization, Atlas Copco, toge-

Indeed, third-party companies are enabled to provide add-on IREDES-

Rig communication

conformant parts to a range of customers at reasonable prices.

The communication link between the operator and the rig is a basic function

IREDES

ther with other major machine manufacturers, mining and construction companies companies and third party par ty suppliers, has established established a

sequent charge and blast sequences.

By defining one common format or

systems.


23


and drilled holes; automatic angle ad justment to the closest hole in the drill plan; automatic adjustment of the hole start points, so they fit the working area

of the rig; basic navigation, navigation, manually entering the difference dif ference of the rig’s rig’s ideal position and the actual position, p osition, and/or

drill bit to point out marked reference points in the drift.

Drill Plan Adaptation (DPA) is an option to Drill Plan Handling that allows the operator to adjust the collaring lows point of the holes, keeping the hole bot-

toms in the same position. Using this option, the operator ca n avoid obstacles

and installations, and carry out collaring in cracked zones.

Mine Navigation Navigation (MN) is an option to drill plan handling that gives more possible navigation navigation methods. The drill dril l

that enables the operator to keep track

Another possible possible feature is the Re-

plans can be planned in the overall mine coordinate system. Full Drill Data Handling (FDDH) is alwayss included in A BC Total alway Total and a nd is an option to ABC Regular. FDDH includes

of the drill rig status or drill production

mote Desktop, which enables access to

data for maintenance and production

the drilling menus from a remote loca-

features such as: importing drill plans

monitoring purposes. Such a basic data

tion.

PC-card for transferring of drill plans and log information to and from the drill rig.

exchange function is included in all Simba rig control systems, whereby the

operators can download/upload data/ programmes from/to the rig control system using a PC-card. Very simple to use, the data is stored as .txt files, which can be accessed on any standard PC.

As an option, a mine text message system can be incorporated in the Simba M and L rigs allowing the operator to receive status and alarm a larm messages

transmitted from the drill dri ll rig over the mine's local radio network. These warning messages can be customized to a specific mine site and can include status, warning, error and alarm messages messages.. This function, or the similar data online

function, is essential when operating the drill rig in ABC Regular or ABC

Automation options All Simba drill rigs can be equipped with a series of major automation op-

that contain planned drill d rill holes; export-

ing quality logs that contain the drill result; graphical view of the planned and drilled holes; automatic angle ad justment to the closest hole in the drill plan; automatic adjustment of the hole start points, so they fit the working area

tions, such as: as: Measure While Dr illing,

of the rig; basic navigation, navigation, manually

Drill Plan Handling, Drill Plan Adap-

entering the difference dif ference of the rig’s rig’s ideal position and the actual position, p osition, and/or

tation, Mine Navigation, Navigation, Full Drill Data Handling, Rig Remote Access and Ore Manager. Measure While Drilling (MWD) function logs a number of parameters while drilling to provide quality input for analysiss of the rock properties. Hole depth, lysi penetration rate, damper pressure, feed

pressure, percussion pressure, rotation pressure and air/water pressure are recorded at intervals during drilling and the information, coupled with hole devi-

drill bit to point out marked reference points in the drift. FDDH also includes Measure While Drilling (MWD).

The Rig Remote Access (RRA) (RR A) option integrates the drill rig r ig to the customer’s site computer network. This en-

ables functionality such as work order handling, log data transfer t ransfer,, and remote troubleshooting. Using RRA, drill plans

can be uploaded to the drill rig, or log files downloaded to t he controller’s controller’s PC via a LAN/WLAN connection. Drill rig

Total automation modes as a s it allow al lowss the operator to respond to planned and un-

ation measurements, will indicate ore boundaries and assist in the charging

planned events on the rig, r ig, even when it

and blasting process. By optimizing the rock fragmentation in this way, costs for

status can be observed on-line using a standard web browser on a remote PC. Since machine monitoring is carried

the whole rock excavation process can

out through the mine site data network,

makes it possible for a single operator

be reduced. Drill Plan Handling (DPH) includes

there is no extra requirement for a machine specific data communication sysy-

to oversee the operation of multiple drill

features such as importing drill plans

rigs, while dedicated service request messages can be transmitted directly

stem or network. This reduces the lev level el

that contain planned drill d rill holes; export-

of cost and support necessary as local,

ing quality logs that contain the drill result; graphical view of the planned

on-site IT technicians can undertake rig on-site communication and network support.

is unattended. Used to its full potential, p otential, this system of one-way messaging from the rig to portable por table radios and computers

to the service technician.

24



Further cost reductions re ductions are possible through: rationalization opportunities, even at smaller mine sites; cost-effective integration into existing network systems owing to standard communication protocols; more efficient production and rig maintenance planning owing to automated in formation exexchange between central office and the rig; and increased rig availability as a result of online expert trouble shooting

assistance from Atlas Copco, provided provided the mine data network has Internet connectivity or modem connection on site.

Ore Manager (OM) can generate a PC-compatible drill PC-compatible dril l plan, which has to be available when you should operate a drilll rig at the A BC Total dril Total level of auto-

mation. Ore Manager is a Windowsbased support software for the drilli ng operation in mining projects. OM runs on a regular office PC. It is primarily used for the creation, organization and a nd administration of drill dril l fans for Simba drill rigs equipped with the optional ABC Regular or ABC A BC Total Total functions. f unctions.

Rig Remote Access offers supervision or control of a drill rig.

and Mine 2-4D systems, and more are to come.

hydraulic, electronic, and software components introduced with the new generation rigs has made this possible possible.. Atlas

Drilling Drilli ng economy econo my

Copco strategy with RCS is to develop

The new generation of computerized drill rigs offers a very precise adapta-

a complete programme of electronically controlled drill rig products for the mi-

ning and construction businesses and to introduce automation options for all applications. applicatio ns. For operators, the learn-

OM also has functionalities for retr ieving and analysing quality logs and MWD data. OM provides a quick and easy way

tion of the drilling parameters to actual rock conditions, conditions, resulting in better drild rilling economy. Correct adjustment to the

to check a drill fan and to compare the

actual rock conditions ensures precise collaring, straight holes without deviation, and extended lifetime of drill string components. The driller’s experience counts, but RCS assists him to

perienced drillers alike a re capable of production drilling aft er a couple of

do a good job. Modern drilling in mines is associated with very precise requirements, in order to get the best fragmenfr agmen-

areas, such as navigation, and under-

tation and not to unnecessarily dilute

Conclusions

drilling result with the planned fan. The result is collected from the quality log.

CAD integration A more elaborate method of handling drill fans and planning of production drilling is to integrate the Simba drill rigs with the CAD/planning system at the mine site. This means that there is no need for manual handling or design of fan plans in the mine. The fan plans are designed in the CAD system according to known or anticipated ore boundaries.

In a CAD system the mine design exists in a 3-D model. The ring design package of the CAD system generates a fan plan for the Simba and exports it in IREDES format. The fan plan is transferred into the Simba via the mine network or by means of a PC card. The operator of the Simba accepts the

fan plan, navigates navigates the drill dri ll rig, drills dril ls the fan, and saves the quality log file back to the CAD system. At the moment, integration exists be-

tween Simba RCS and Surpac, Vulcan

the ore.

To ensure efficiency in the mini mining ng process the Atlas Copco Simba production drill rig can be used to drill just in the ore and avo avoid id drilling, drill ing, charging and blasting areas with pure waste. A well-designed fan plan adapted to the actual ore deposits, correct drill rig

navigation, accurate drilling, precise explosiv expl osives es loading, and correctly timed t imed

blasting all ensure a good production result. The Simba with RCS assists the miner to fulfil these requirements and to control the grade of the ore.

Since introducing the Simba M and L Atlas Copco has delivered a great number of Simba production drill rigs

ing time is short, and a nd beginners and ex-

days of training. To use new technology t echnology like CAD integration requires some training in new standing of the mine design drawings.

Precision drilling, high productivity and swift availability are the criteria for low low

cost and successful longhole production drilling. dril ling. With the RCS technology, technology, Atlas Copco gives the driller the oppor-

tunity to undertake longhole drilling with faster and more reliable control of

the entire operation, while improving drill string str ing life and reducing costs per drill metre.

As all mines are, above all, chasing costs, the range of high precision drill rigs gives the mine planners and stope designers design ers opportunities to better optimize the mining process and thereby savee costs and increase sav i ncrease productivity.

of 7 different configurations of compu-

terized production drilling equipment. The modular concept of mechanical,


Patrik Ericsson 25


Simba M6 C- IT ITH H drilling downholes.

26



Faster Fas ter Simba Simba rigs set the the pace Great opportunities The ultimate objective for all miners is to reduce the cost per tonne of ore produced, and this goes hand in hand with the overall effort to introduce more efficient mining methods and equipment. The Simba range of high precision production drill rigs represents a concept that makes the drill rig productive and easy to operate. Fast and exact positioning and collaring, sturdy construc tion and small hole deviation, fast rodhandling, reliable automatic functions, good exploitation of r ock drill power, simple and quick servicing and high transport speed make the Simba M– and L– models Atlas Copco's most efficient generation. But perhaps the real cost saving potential for mine management lies in the new opportunities to better follow the ore boundaries, to reduce the drilling density and to reduce development by spacing the drill drifts and sublevels further apart. Simba production drill rigs incorporate a solution for every drilling application.

Advanced technology Atlas Copco launched the M and L series in September, 2001 to replace the previous generation of Simba drill rigs.

Designed with precision drilling, high productivity and swift availability in mind, the Simba production drill rigs

are engineered around the Rig Control System RCS platform, a flexible and easily expandable control system that has already been used to great effect in

the Boomer range of face drilling drilli ng rigs. Significantly, the technology provides for varying degrees of rig automation and, ultimately ultimat ely,, the possibility of fully automated and remotely monitored drilling.

Thanks to this advanced, and easy to learn, lea rn, computer-based technology, the M and L series Simba rigs can be integrated into the total planning of the mining operation, with a level of

The Simba M and L series production drill rigs inc orporate nine different drill units, units, three feed lengths, six rock drills and an extensive options programme.

monitoring and detailed control that hitherto has not been possib possible. le. Further

Simba range

potential for increased productivity can be achieved through improved precision

Precision drill ing, high productivity and good availability are fundamental

and better control, which allow the

requirements for low cost and successful production drilling. Designed with these

operator to drill long longer er and larger holes, with greater spacing and burden.


criteria in mind, m ind, the range of Simba M 27


RD = Ring drilling PH = Parallel holes

1500 (PH)

Dimensions in mm

drilling, and can drill parallel holes up to 3 m apart, making the machines

Stingerextension Stinger extension 0 0 5 0 1 9 1

o

5 1 9 4

3 0

R 2 9 7 0 ( R D )

) n 0 o 0 i 9 s ( n 0 e t 0 x 2 e 1 d e e F

3 0 0 o

380o 5 2 8 1

150 7440

Stinger extension Stingerextension 2000

Type M3

3000 (PH)

Dimensionsion mm


0 5 0 1 6 9 4 4

750 1500 R 2 9 7 0 ( R D R 2 7 380o ) 79 0 9 ( P 0 PH ) H )

o

3 0

750

) n 0 o 0 i 9 s ( n 0 e t 0 x 2 e 1 d e e F

3 0 0 o

1 5 0 0 ( P H )

5 2 8 1

150 7440

Stingerextension Stingerextension 2000

Type M4

the machines can also be equipped e quipped with

porate a solution for every drilling

RHS rod handling handli ng system for mecha-

application.

nized drilling.

The complete range features the following models: M3 C, L3 C, M4 C, following M6 C, L6 C and M7 C. The models M3 C, M4 C, M6 C are also available for in-the-hole in-the-hole hammer drilling d rilling (ITH). (I TH). The range is broadened by the availability of an array of options such as rod handling systems, extractor units

For ITH capability, COP 34, 44, 54 and 64 hammers can be supplied for hole diameters of 95-178 95-178 mm.

Breakthrough Automatic Stop, MWD Measure While Drilling and upgrades of the level of automation to ABC

All Simba production drill rigs are based on the sturdy modular designed articulated articu lated M-carrier, and are powered by a Deutz low low-emission -emission diesel engine (Stage III/ Tier III). Rated at 112 kW kW, this particular engine provides for longer life, lower maintenance and operational costs, and, above all, fast tramming speeds of up to 15 km/ h. This makes the Simbas particularly

Regular and ABC A BC Total. Total.

effective when negotiating negotiating steep ramps

The COP 1838 1838 rock drill is fitted f itted as standard across all t he new M series and is suitable for hole diameters of 51-89 mm or 89 COP HEX for 76-89 mm diameter holes. The two L

or inclines. Other features include high ground clearance, four-wheel traction, and articulated steering for easy manoeuvring, while an optional silenced FOPS-approved cabin, with panoramic view, affords an improved

series models, meanwhile, are equipped with the powerful COP 4050 rock drill

working environment for the operator.

for drillhole diameters ra nging from

Five different positioning systems

89-127 89-1 27 mm. m m. Consequently, Consequently, these t hese larger

are available through various combina-

rigs are equipped e quipped with a larger la rger power power

tions of the pendulum, the slide table

pack than the M series (2 x 75 kW rather

and, in the case of the M3 C and M4 C

than 2 x 55 kW) to match the require-

models, an optional turntable. All of the new Simbas offer 360 degree ring

ments of the much larger larger rock drill. dril l. All

purposes: • To practically eliminate jamming and the subsequent loss loss of drill dril l strings stuck in holes; and • to assist in the uncoupling of drill string joints.

reversed percussive effect equal to around 20% of the conventional drilling impact

and L series production drill dri ll rigs incor-

for the rock drills, dril ls, air/water-mist air/water-mist flushing, additional stingers, water reel, BAS

productivity and cost efficiency, particularly in difficult rock conditio conditions, ns, an extractor unit is available as an option for the COP 1838, COP 2250 and COP 4050 rock drills. This unique back hammering device serves two main

The back hammering action is a

Simba type M4 drilling configurations.

28

All tophammer rock drills for the Simba rigs are equipped with a dual damping system, which means that more impact energy can be exploited without increasing wear in the drill steel – in other words, higher produc tion for the same, or a lower, lower, cost. To further fur ther enhance longhole drilling

Simba type M3 drilling configurations

RD = R ing drilling drilling PH = Parallel holes

ideal for longhole drilling applications, such as in sublevel stoping and sublevel caving.

energy. This reduces the rod handling time between holes by eliminating jammed joints, joints, as well well as reducin reducing g wear wear on gripper jaws, the shank and the drill. A jammed drill string can also poten-

tially represent a significant replacement cost for a mining operation or contractor. Once again, the incorporation of the extractor can minimize such

costs through its ability to actively back hammer on the jammed string to remove the obstacle.

The improved drill unit, with up to four stingers on the drill feed, provides a

solid set up. The aluminium feed incorporates two hydraulic stingers mounted directly on the feed beam as standard, and can be equipped with a further two for ‘rock solid’ positioning in particularly difficult conditions. This provides improved stability in the set-up of the feed, which is extremely important in collaring and dri lling straight holes. With the help of the stingers the drilling unit is supported during the drilling dril ling process.

The stingers absorb the side forces during collaring collari ng and remove remove the stress created by the feed force. The combined

drill steel support/guide can also be



easily adapted for different combinations of drill steel and drill tube. t ube. The double-bottom feed beam easily

withstands the high stresses involved when drilling, while the double action hydraulic cylinder, with its direct coupling to the cradle, gives smoother and steadier movement of the rock drill. Thanks to the replaceable wear pads and easily adjustable cradle, centring of the rock drill can be maintained witho without ut difficulty.

Extendable intelligence The heart, heart , or perhaps more accurately accurat ely,, the brain, of the new machines is the RCS platform, which not only allows the rig operator to drill faster and with much greater precision, but also simpli-

fies the drilling dril ling functions and trouble shooting.

The RCS allows for extendable intelligence, provides a good operator interface, and has the potential to be linked up

to mine planning software. The system affords three thre e levels of automation automation – Basic, Regular and Total.

At the ABC Basic level of automation, all drilling dril ling operations are manually controlled from the operator’s panel and its large display screen. To enhance

the quality of the drilling, functions for angle of drilling and hole depth measurementt are uremen a re incorporated as standard, along with statistics statist ics logging and event logging to help in preventative mainte-

The advanced hydraulics system has enabled Atlas Copco to reduce the total hose length by around 30%, which dramatically improves the operator’s line-of-sight, line-of-sight, as fewer hydraulic hoses are linked to the control panel or fed into the cabin.

nance.

and to improve i mprove the penetration rate. To

Ultimately, the drill rig can be fully

has enabled Atlas Copco to reduce the total hose length on the Simba production drill rigs by around 30%, which provides for higher machine availability owing to fewer hose failures. Furthermore, the introduction of RCS has simplified cabling significantly,

automated if equipped to the ABC Total

and the system is programmed for self-

level, with the operator using the control and display panels only to set up and initiate automated sequences such as automated multi-hole drilli ng. As a result, only one, or a team of a few

diagnosis, making trouble shooting much easier. e asier. Together ogether,, the combination of the RCS and the proportional propor tional hydrau-

measured rotation pressure, to further increase the penetration rate without risking the life of the drill. If rotation resistance becomes be comes excessive, excessive, an

lics provides greater drill precision and

anti-jamming function is activated, and

smoother positioning, positioning, particularly during

the collaring collari ng sequence for a new hole

operators at most, is required to operate and supervise several several drill dr ill rigs. r igs.

hole collaring. Hydraulic oil leakage is

is initiated. As well as improvin improving g the penetration rate, the RCS maximizes the life of the

Incorporating all the functions of ABC Basic, the ABC Regular level of automation allows the operator to initiate automated single hole drilling. Extended logging logging capability and dril l plan handling are available as options.

Monitored and controlled from the operator’s panel, each drilling function

also kept to a minimum, for example due to hose failure, by automatic shutdown of the hydraulic pumps.

optimize penetration rates in different ground conditions, as well as in different drilling directions, the control system constantly monitors changes in the rock conditions, and adjusts the drill feed pressure, depending upon the

shank adapter, tubes and drill bits by

is handled by dedicated, locally posi-

By also enabling smoother control

ensuring that the tube joints are a re tightened

tioned modules that are interconnected through a CAN-bus network. The RCS

of the drilling operation, the RCS platform helps helps to minimize drill dr ill steel stress

with a constant torque throughout throughout the whole who le length. At the t he Zinkgruvan Zinkgr uvan lead


29


3000 (PH)

RD = Ring drilling drilling PH = Parallel holes

Dimensions in mm

Stinger extension extension 0 0 5 0 1 9 1

Feed extension 1200 (900)

o

0 5 6 0 5 0 0 5

R 4 8 8 0 ( R D )

3 0

4 5 o o

4 5 5 o

o

4 5

R D ) ( R R 2 76 0

380o

0 8 7 2

150 8520

Stinger extension extension 2000

Type M6 Simba type M6 drilling configurations.

and zinc mine mi ne in Sweden, for example, example,

was introduced on the Boomers some

drill tube li fe has increased from the

three years before the launch of the new generation Simbas.

1,200-1,300 m being achieved with the 1,200-1,300 mine’ss earlier rigs, to more than 1,800 m mine’ with its Simba M4 C.

Components that require regular Components service are especially easy to get to, and the Simba production drill rigs have been designed so that they can be readily dismantled into their main components, for ease of lowering into

Spare parts and consumables for the Simba rigs are, for the most part, the same, so technicians familiar with the other RCS rigs should have no difficulty in finding their way around the

Significantly,, the RCS system is Significantly capable of accepting new software, which can be easily extended. Another

narrow shafts.

The RCS Simba production drill rigs incorporate features and components found on the Atlas Copco RCS r igs.

standard equipment and systems is a great advantage to maintenance operations, and much effort has gone into making each module easily accessible

Such development development of standardized standardiz ed equipment and systems has important implications for both the mine and the manufacturer. The mine is no longer dependent on tailor-made, or special, solutions for its drilling requirements, while the overlap between the product families has enabled Atlas Copco to reduce the assembly lead times at its

These include the RCS platform, which

for maintenance.

factory.

important feature is its easy integration into other systems.

new Simba drill rigs.

Indeed, the same modular design concept, as in other RCS rigs, provides a better serviceability serviceability.. Being able to use

Modular overlap

All of the new Simbas offer 36 0 degree ring drilling and can drill parallel holes up to 3 m apart, making the machines ideal for longhole drilling applications such as in sublevel stoping and sublevel caving. Dimensions in mm

850 Stinger extension

0 0 7

1200 (900) Feed extension 5 0 1 1

0 4 1 6

0 0 6 1 o

1 0 0 5 8 7

90o 45o

25o

Parallell holes with 0o boom-lift 35o boom-swing Coverage area 1100x4690 mm Dimensions with 45o boom-lift 25o boom-swing Dimensions with 0o boom-lift 35o boom-swing

35o o

360

0 0 9

150

Type M7

30

2000 Stinger extension 3900

1600



Zinkgruvan experience

2002, to some 900,000 t/y, using sublevel open stoping and longhole open

The first of the new generation Simba drill rigs was delivered in September, 2001 to the underground Zinkgruvan

stoping with paste fill. The latter method was introduced to

lead and zinc mine, just a few hours drive

from Atlas Copco’s drill rig manufacturing facility at Örebro, in Sweden. Historically, the mine actually encompassed three separate operations, but, but, more recently, recently, access tunnels have been

driven to link the entire operation together. Whilst this has meant improv i mproved ed equipment utilization, the tramming distances for such equipment is now much

longer. Production is currently being ramped up from around 850,000 t/y in

eliminate t he need for post-mining of pillar remnants, and because of poor rock conditions.

Hydraulic oil spillage is almost a lmost totally • Hydraulic eliminated, owing to a 30% reduction in hoses and a smart smar t oil leakage shutdown system. • The easy-to-learn CAN-bus system, which simplifies trouble shooting. In November, 2002 Zinkgruvan took

The mine has identified four major improvements with its Simba M4 C

delivery of its second Simba M-series

compared with the rig’ r ig’ss predecessors: • The new rotation unit provides much better precision, especially beneficial when drilling opening slots. • The four stingers afford a more stable

primarily for drilling 54 mm-diameter cablebolt cablebo lt holes. Around 50,000 m/y m /y of cablebolting is carried out at the mine. The rig will also be required to fill in as a production unit, drilling 76 mm-

feed setup, giving good precision in hole alignment, collaring and during

machine, an M7 C that will be deployed

diameter holes.

Patrik Ericsson

drilling.

With an entirely new frame, nine different drill units, three feed lengths, six rock drills and an extensive options programme, Atlas Copco can offer the right Simba for every application.

Simba modular program with maximum flexibility flexibility Type 4 Positioning: Rotation, 380° Tilt forwards, 30° Tilt backwards, 30° Side movement, ±1.5 m with sliding table Extra side movement, ±0.75 m with pendulum arm

Type 3 Positioning: Rotation, 380° Tilt forwards, 30° Tilt backwards, 30° Side movement, ±1.5 m with sliding table

Type M COP 34,44,54,64 COP 1838ME/MEX

Type L

Alternative pendulum arm with 90° turned feedholder

COP 1838HE/HEX COP 2550UX COP 4050MUX

/L33 Type M3 M3/L Type 6 Positioning: Rotation, 380° Tilt forwards, 45° Tilt backwards, 30° Sideways, ±1.5 m

Type M4

Canopy Telescopic and FOPSapproved

Extra: Turn table ±20° Cabin with panoramic view and FOPS-approved

Engine module

Rear module

Type 7 Positioning: Reach, 3.5 - 5.1 m Rotation, 360° Boom up, 45° Boom down, 15° Sideways, Sidew ays, ±35° Forwards, 90° Backwards, 10°

Type M6/L6

Front module

Type M7

7 0 0 2 G R E B M L O H A

Power pack

© Atlas Copco 2003


31


Simba M7 C.

32



Increased productivity with ITH IT H dril drilliling ng

ITH growing in popularity The ITH drilling method is growing in popularity, with increases in all application segments, including blasthole, water well, foundation, oil & gas, cooling systems and drilling for heat exchange pumps. ITH competes favourably with rotary drilling in open pit mines, mainly thanks to increased productivity and flexibility. Open pit mining has adopted smaller holes where rotary drilling has either been replace d by ITH, or where ITH has been introduced to create a better finish to the pit wall, as the method is also perfect for pre-splitting pre-splitting and smooth blasting, which avoids back-cracking. ITH drilling offers increased productivity, and is favoured by contractors for production drilling. In larger quarries, the optimum hole size is 110-140 mm. With today’s demands for strict hole control for safe blasting in populated areas, ITH drilling is a popular choice among quarry operators.

deep hole drilling drill ing capacity, with constant penetration and no energy losses

Cutaway section of Secoroc COP 64 Gold.

in joints; and efficient energy transmission, with the piston striking dire ctly on the bit.

gavee another boost to the sales of hamgav

The COP 34-84 series of hammers ham mers was introduced from 1992, and imme-

mers. The flexibility, productivity and manoeuvraa bility of these rigs, when manoeuvr equipped with a COP hammer, makes them the most productive combination

diately became the benchmark for productivity within ITH drilling. Over the

on the market today today..

years, the increase in average drilling pressure, from 17 17 bar to a current

COP 64 Gold

market standard of 25 bar, has improved hammer performance, and productivity has increased proportionally to air pressure. The introduction of the Atlas Copco

The increase in drilling pressure also had some negative impact on the internal components of the ITH hammer, as the increased stress promoted the

ROC L8 and L6 series of highperformance, high-pressure ITH rigs

New Secoroc hammer and bit ready for action on an Atlas Copco drill rig.

Quality holes In the hole range 100-254 mm, ITH drilling is the dominant drilling method

today. The main features of ITH drilling in this hole range are: excellent hole straightness within 1.5% deviation without guiding equipment; good hole cleaning, with plenty of air for hole cleaning from the hammer; good hole quality, with smooth and even hole

walls for easy charging of explosives; PRODUCTION DRILLING IN UNDERGROUND MINING

33


risk of premature failures. So, in i n 1998, 1998,

COP 64.2 steel COP 64 Gold steel Improvement

Atlas Copco Secoroc decided on a long-

term strategy to improve reliability, while retaining the benchmark status of the COP 64 ITH hammer.

Stage One of this strategy was the development of the second generation

Yield point ReL(Mpa) Breaking Breakin g stren strength gth Rm(Mpa ) Hardness (HRc )

700 1000 32

1400 1950 42

100% 95% 31%

Table 1 reveals not only that the yield point for the new steel grade is twice as high, but also that breaking strength has been almost doubled.

six-inch hammer, COP 64.2, introduced

in October, 2000, which incorporated i ncorporated newly-designed steel disc spring and lower buffer. Performance was vastly

Table 1 Comparison of COP 64.2 and COP 64 Gold steel.

this means customers can look forward to increased drill rig availability. The sum total of these improvements

In soft unconsolidated rock drilling, the 12-spline chuck concept and the improved durability make COP 64 Gold the perfect hammer. High pressure

without diminishing its performance,

shows COP 64 Gold to have more than shows 50% greater service li fe, in abrasive abrasive

making it even more attractive.

rock conditions, than its pr edecessor.

pressures of 28-30 bar are not unusual.

improved, thanks to a drastic d rastic reduction

in the number of internal failures. It was also possible to rebuild the hammer

Stage Two Two was the t he introduction of the third generation COP 64 hammer, COP 64 Gold, which was unveiled in August, 2001. This version offers sustained performance and improved longevity of the external parts. The COP 64.2 resolved internal component reliability, while the COP 64 Gold has experienced a dramatic drop in the number of cylinder failures.

COP 64 Gold also boasts improved sustainable efficiency, maintaining an

The customer benefits from lower

The COP 64 Gold hammer concept

cost/metre drilled, thanks to less down-

offers customers a tool to meet the most exacting requirements.

time and greater abrasion resistance, and 30-50% longer life of external parts.

Higher availability results from less breakage in the threads of top sub and chuck-ends of the cylinder, and there are

fewer stoppages for service and maintenance. Improved penetration rate and higher efficiency are a result of reduced

average of 96% of original performance

friction of the piston, and a greater life cycle penetration rate is the overall

throughout its service life, which is a

reward.

further improvement on COP 64.2.

Durability improvements, thanks to the higher tensile strength of the new steel grade, are especially noticeable

yields higher productivity, productivity, and drilli drilling ng

Hammer cylinder The new cylinder has been redesigned in a number of important ways. COP 64 Gold boasts a cylinder made of low alloy wrought and toughened steel, a new grade with a higher combined Molybdenum and Vanadium content (4.8%) (4.8%) than its predecessor. The result is grea-

To sum up, the customer can drill

ter impact strength and higher wear and temperature resistance. All in all,

more holes per hammer than previously.

this means greater resistance to brea-

kage, impact, temperature and wear for

Applications

the new hammer cylinder.

thickness limits. COP 64 Gold enjoys a greater durability margin than its

COP 64 Gold is a high-pressure hammer, where performance is related to

linder properties have been greatly im-

predecessor.

air pressure. A lower limit of 12 bar for deep hole applications is a good rule of thumb. The hammer is designed for the same types of application as COP 64.2,

when the cylinder approaches minimum

With the introduction of COP 64 Gold, hammer life will increase substantially.. Less internal and external stantially wear, together with a reduced minimum cylinder wear limit, are key contributing factors. The hammer is virtually maintenance-free, with no need for an economy kit in most applications. Ultimately,

Thanks to the new steel grade, cyproved. Wear has been proved. be en reduced, both internally and externally external ly.. Cuttings and moving parts no longer cause the problems they once did. In effect, the service

with special focus on high-pressure applications. In abrasive formations, performance will be up to 50% better than COP 64.2, in what is an ideal ap-

life of the cylinder has been extended considerably con siderably.. The new steel grade possesses greater tensile strength, which means the minimum wear lim it can be decreased from an overall cylinder

plication for COP 64 Gold.

diameter of 132 mm, to 130 mm.

Secoroc COP 64 Gold.

34



Total improvement Due to wear resistance Due to wear limit change Due to less cylinder failure

Increase in service life of COP 64 Gold, which has a 50% longer life than its predecesssor.

The result is a hammer that maintains performance far longer than its predecessor, while being, in effect, maintenance-free.

Longitudinal milled slots have replaced the circular undercut found in COP 64.2. The piston now enjoys 100% guidance througho th roughout ut its stroke, st roke, as opposed opposed to the older undercut that

The polygon-shaped piston provides a ten-point guide system, while retaining retaini ng excellent excellent force on the bit. It is sturdier than its forerunner, fitting hand-in-glove with the milled slots to provide superior guidance and airflow all the way through the hammer.

The QL 60-style chuck, together with a 12-spline bit, add up to a stronger

let it partially partia lly move freely at the end of

bit shank. This is especially useful in

the downward stroke. Thanks to these slots, wear on the porting edges of the cylinder undercuts and piston has been eliminated. That means air leakage is down to a minimum, and so a re noise

soft and unconsolidated rock conditions,

levels!

in the number of splines, from eight to twelve, twelv e, leads to greater surface contact between bit and chuck, lessening stress on the splines.

The high demand for COP 64 Gold hammers, particularly part icularly in applications where performance and reliability are major considerations, has led Atlas Copco Secoroc to add the COP 54 Gold to this increasingly successful range.

where bits tend to move axially in and out in the chuck during drilling. This may lead to greater fr iction between chuck and splines, causing premature spline wear. Furthermore, the increase

Leif Larsson and Patrik Ericsson

Results of comparative tests with COP 64.2 and COP 64 Gold. The COP 64 Gold drilled 50% further.

16 000 14 000 12 000 s e r t e m l l i r D

10 000 New Material Old Material

8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000 0 146 145 144 143 142 141 140 139 138 137 136 135 134 133 132 131 130 129 128

Cylinder OD (mm)


35


Simba M6 C-ITH.

36



Tuning up your drilling system Optimum combination of factors Choosing the right rock drilling tools and adjusting all the settings in the drilling system can boost performance and cut costs, but it’s not always easy. To discover the optimal combination, a customer can compare test results step by step – or use rock drilling simulation such as Atlas Copco’s Diarot package.

Complex parameters A rock drilling system is complex and many parameters decide its performance. Taking into account the rock characteristics, these parameters include: • bit diameter, design and button type; of flushing media used; • type of drilll rod type and geometry; • dril • piston mass and geometry; velocity of the • the frequency and velocity rock drill impact piston; • rotation speed; • feed force.

To get the most out of a drilling system, all these factors must work in harmony. The system should also match

the overall excavation method. This means that fragmentation for loading and crushing is another consideration.

The bit that counts A combination of drill bit, drill rods, shank adapter, rock drill and drill rig determine the performance of the rock drilling system, and this is an area in which Atlas Copco has considerable knowledge. Here we want to focus on the drill string, i.e. i.e. the drill bit, rods and shank adapter.

Three parameters para meters should be considered when choosing a drill bit. They

Figure 1: Ballistic buttons (left) and spherical buttons: The ballistic buttons are generally co nsidered the best choice for most rock drilling applications.

This efficiency also gives g ives the best hole straightness and we recommend ballistic button bits for most applications. Additional reasons are: • The larger protrusion makes it easier

the hole to a given diameter. The bit’s ability to penetrate the rock efficiently depends on how well the contact between the surface of the buttons and rock is established, their buttons’ shape and number, the bit’s flushing characteristics and the brittleness, or drillability drillabil ity,, of the rock. Tests have shown that the relatively relat ively smaller contact surface and the la rger protrusion of the ballistic button help to break the rock more efficiently giving higher penetration rate than the spherical button (see Figures 1 and 2). Figure 2: How the buttons bite: Under the same impact energy the ballistic button will penetrate deeper into the rock, since it has a smaller contact area (footprint) than the spherical button.

to clean the hole, leaving the bit to deal with ‘fresh’ rock, thereby avoiding secondary crushing. • Atlas Copco Secoroc’s patented

grinding system, using a profiled diamond grinding wheel, maintains the performance of the bal listic button by restoring its original profile, which is essential for optimum penetration rate and service life (Figure 3).

However, spherical buttons are still preferred in certain types ty pes of hard and

Additional Penentration

are: • Penetration rate • Hole straightness • Service life

In 95% of all percussive rock drilling, a button bit is selected to drill PRODUCTION DRILLING IN UNDERGROUND MINING

37


Figure 3: Bit grinding shop.

After the button bit, we should examine the drill rods and shank adapter. The

task is to transfer the rock drill piston’s abrasive rock formations, where they can have a superior service life.

Perfect partner The design of the drill bit, especially the number, placement and shape of the t he buttons, makes it the perfect partner for

the rock drill and its percussive energy to press the buttons into the rock. If the power of the rock drill is insufficient, or

energy through the drill string and drill bit into the rock. The COP 1838 hydraulic drill piston impacts on the drill string 50–60 times a second and, each time, the buttons penetrate 0.5–1.5 mm into

the rock. If the design and setting of the drill ing equipment equipment is matched to the rock, energy transmission will be nearly optimal optimal and t his, in turn, will affect the service life of the drill string stri ng

in energy loss and drill string failure

positively.

Rigid rods pay off

the buttons are worn too flat, the penetration rate decreases and hole deviation increases. In addition, the risk of

When the piston in the rock drill strikes the shank adapter the kinetic

damaging the buttons increases with the size of the wear flat. There is also a risk of drilling with non-tightened couplings due to lack of rotation torque, something that leads to short drill steel life.

compressive stress wave, which travels

Using the Diarot rock drilling simulation system Atlas Copco is able to simulate the performance of different

rock. In a mismatched drilling dril ling system, some of the energy in the stress wave will be reflected and returned back up the drill dril l string stri ng as a tensile stress wave. wave. Tensile stress wav waves es a re much more detrimental to the drill string in com-

drill bit designs, using data from a worksite or from its extensive database.

energy of the piston is converted into a

through the drill string and into the rock and breaks it. In a well-tuned rock drill-

ing system, most of the energy in the stress wave is being utilized to break the

(Figure 4), which can be simply detected by measuring the temperature on the t he coupling.

There are different types of rods in the Atlas Copco Secoroc range and we recommend the Speedrod, with integrated couplings for extension drilling (Figure 5). A drill string with Speedrod gives faster penetration than one with extension rods and couplings, as less energy is lost at the joints. Furthermore, the Speedrod’ss threads are Speedrod’ a re easy to keep tight

during drilling, giving very efficient energy transmission.

The drill string’s joints must be tight enough for energy transmission

Drill rods must be selected to suit the entire system. The largest possible rod diameter for the hole dimension is recommended. A larger-diameter rod has a longer service life (be cause of

to be fully fu lly effective. effective. Loose joints result

less stress per unit area – sq mm) and

parison to compressive stress waves. Figure 4: Extension rod joints must be kept tight during drilling. Loose joints cause overheating and energy loss, drastically reducing efficiency.

Figure 5: Secoroc Speedrods and MF drill rods.

because it transmits more energy per blow. Furthermore, large rods are also more rigid and, in the same way as TDS

guide tubes, will give straighter holes and better blasting results. Finally, to make the whole system work as efficiently as possible, the drill rods must also suit the rock drill, its piston and shank adapter.

Alf Stenqvist

38



Computer based training training for rock drilling drill ing tools Latest version Atlas Copco Secoroc recently introduced version 4.0 of its Computer-Based Training (CBT) package as being of paramount importance in achieving the highest level of competence in rock drilling tools among distributors and customers, as well as its own sales force. Correct understanding of how to choose, use and maintain the rock drilling tools affects profitability for all, and adds to competitiveness. Atlas Copco Secoroc believes that the CBT package for rock drilling tools is the most comprehensive interactive training tool available in the industry today.

Expert knowled knowledge ge The course is based on the skills and experience gained by key Atlas Copco Secoroc personnel over many years, and conveys expert knowledge in the use of modern rock drilling products. CBT Rock Drilling Tools version 4.0

Main menu. This is the first picture shown when you start the C BT BT.. From this main menu you can choose which of the courses you would like to enter.

was released after six years of patient development.

Course menu. View picture for the course Raise boring. Under the text “Introduction” you find two buttons, “Learning objectives” will explain what you are expected to learn. “Introduction” will give you an overview by running pictures and a s peaker talking. Under “Lessons” you choose chapters.

Computer based training transfers knowledge about drill string products

and their use, in a simple and efficient way. Aided by 3-dimensional animations, photographs, film sequences and

interactive lessons, the training course explains how the market’s leading drill string products can increase both productivity and profit.

With version 4.0, CBT now includes training on Atlas Copco Secoroc products, with: separate packages divided into tophammer, ITH and raise-boring; separate libraries for drilling equipment

and applications in all packages; updated product training section on tophammer equipment including troubleshooting, bit grinding, and care and main-

tenance; product training section on ITH equipment including troubleshooting, bit grinding, and care and maintenance; product training tenance; trai ning section on consumables for raise boring equipment,

including care and maintenance; ma intenance; focus tests on each lesson; and a new new section section of product selection exercises. exercises. PRODUCTION DRILLING IN UNDERGROUND MINING

39


Chapter. In this section you choose the lesson you want. In the lower right corner you find four buttons. ”X” will finish the actual step. Number two will take you back one step. The third button allows you to scroll through the course.

Lesson. There are three buttons for presentations. Video cam era button: running pictures and speaker text. Photo camera button: pictures from more important or difficult parts. Text button: pictures and text.

Step player. When pressing the step player button you will find film sequences or animations. At the end of every lesson you can also go through a test, “Focus test”, to check your knowledge.

Product selection exercises. At the end you also have the possibility to go through some “real” exercises, where you will have the background for a specific rock excavation and from that choose suitable equipment to do the job.

Complete training The whole Secoroc CBT Rock Drilling Tools package comprises approximately

50 hours of lessons and tests. With a recommended maximum of four hours of lectures per day, the total length of a complete training course on rock drilling tools can be estimated at three weeks.

CBT enables efficient training whenever the need arises. For instance, a 40

new employee can start the learning process right away, and learn about how the product is manufactured, its characteristics, wear limits, and much more. A modular structure enables users to study lesson by lesson, or in a selective way at their own pace. With personal computers, learning can take place whenever and wherever the individual chooses, including in the field. The training package teaches you to find the right tool for any given rock

drilli ng application drilling application at any time of the day.. Experience with CBT version 2.0 day resulted in good market acceptance of version 3.0, which has been successfully advising both key customers and technical schools. The new version of CBT 4.0 is expected to contribute further to the added value in Atlas Copco Secoroc sales service.

Björn Samuelsson



The econom economic ic case for routine routine bit grinding throughout its life, maintains the t he correct button shape and pro trusion. It

Cutting hole costs The button bit was originally developed to do the job of an insert bit, without the necessity for frequent grinding. However, it was soon found that the service life of a button bit increased considerably if the cemented carbide buttons were ground. Nowadays, it has become extremely important to grind button bits at proper intervals, in order to extend the service life of the rock drilling tool, maintain penetration rates, and drill straight holes. In all rock excavation operations, the cost is usually expressed expressed in cost per drilled metre (cost/dm), in cost per cubic metre (cost/cu m), or in cost per tonne. The cost to produce a hole depends on how fast it can be drilled, and how many tools will be consumed. The cost to produce a cubic metre of rock is dependent upon the cost of the hole, and the cost of blasting. If the blasthole is of poor quality, then more explosives will be consumed in blasting the rock. Unsharpened bits very often give a poor quality hole with deviation. Grinding consti tutes around 2% of the costs of the entire drilling operation. To run the business without grinding could multiply this cost, with up to 100% added when production losses are taken into account. Labour and material are the highest costs, while the machine investment cost is low when utilization is high, with a large number of bits to be ground.

features correct centring on all buttons, producing a high quality cemented car-

bide surface, with no risk of cemented carbide nipple. Long bit life, and higher penetration rates, will result from good grinding quality.

Disadvantages of using the grinding cup are that it may produce an incorrect button shape and protrusion. It is difficult to centre the grinding cup over the gauge button, and there is also a risk

of producing a sharp cemented carbide nipple on the button, and a possibility of scratches due to the larger diamond grain used. Reduced bit life will result from poor grinding quality.

Several tests hav Several havee been carried ca rried out to find which method gives the best bit performance. The grinding wheel gives the correct shape to the button,

The Secoroc Grind Matic BQ2 grinding machine can handle drill bits up to 127 mm in diameter.

regardless of the amount of wear on the wheel, ensuring that the bit will achieve

Diagram 1: Typical bit life grinding at different intervals.

700

Total bit life drill metres

600

10 regrindings per drill bit

500

400

300

Grinding methods

200

There are two different methods of bit grinding to restore the button buttons. s. The pre-

ferred method uses a diamond coated profiled wheel, and the other, a grinding cup. The profiled wheel provides a smooth and efficient grinding operation, oper ation, which, PRODUCTION DRILLING IN UNDERGROUND MINING

Grinding interval drill metres

100

0 10

20

30

40

50

60

41


and circulate in the hole, causing secondary damage to the buttons.

When a bit doesn’t show any visible wear flat, it may be suffering from

micro cracks on the cemented carbide surface. This is known colloquially as snakeskin, and can be clearly seen when using

a magnifier. In this case, the surface has to be ground away, away, otherwise the micro cracks lead to more severe damage on the buttons. Likewise Li kewise,, buttons which protrude too much must be ground down to avoid damage (Diagra m 2).

Penetration rate When the right bit has been chosen for the rock condition, it will provide maximum penetration rate, along with acceptable hole straightness. In rock conditions like Swedish granite, with a compressive strength of around a round 2,200 bar, the bit gets a wear flat after

Diagram 2: Risk of total loss when a bit is overdrilled.

just 10-20 10-20 drill metres, accompanied accompanied by

a small drop in penetration rate. When standard penetration penetrat ion rate throughout its

There is always a sharp edge created

it has a wear flat equivalent to one-third

entire life. It has also been shown that bit life is increased considerably when grinding wheels are used, rather than grinding cups. Wheels also excavate

on the button, and this becomes sharper

of the button diameter, the penetration will have dropped by 5%. If the bit is used further until it has a two-thirds wear flat, t he penetration will have

steel around the button, simplifying the grinding task, and a nd giving the bit a more exact profile.

the more the bit is overdrilled. This sharp edge, especially especially on ballistic buttons, is very brittle. Once the edge cracks, pieces of cemented carbide break brea k away

dropped more than 30% (Diagram 3).

Diagram 3: Penetration rate drops as the b utton profiles flatten.

Bit life With so many parameters involved, it is difficult to estimate bit service life. First, a proper grinding interval must be established, preferably at the stage when the button has a wear flat of one third of the button diameter. When the number of drilled metres to reach this stage has been established, then a calculation of bit life can be made, by multiplying by the number of times it can be

reground. As a general rule, a bit can be reground 10 times, but smaller bits may achieve slightly less than this figure, while larger bits may achieve more. So, if the grinding interval has been established as 60 drill metres, then the average bit life will be 660 drill metres (Diagram 1). If a bit is over drilled, and the wear flat is more than half of the button diameter, there is a tendency towards towards cracked buttons. 42



are available. The machine is driven by

9

up to 7 bar compressed air, and is suit-

8

able for a small grinding operation.

Grind Matic Manual B is an air-

7 6 5

Labour cost

driven portable grinder using diamond-

Grinding material cost

coated grinding wheels for spherical and ballistic buttons. The machine is

Machine cost

4

mounted in a box fitted with wheels and

handles for easy set up. It is mainly for threaded button bits, but small downthe-hole bits can be ground in this machine. A steel spring is mounted in

3 2

Annual grinding volume – buttons

1 0

Figures on the left side of the diagram 5 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

2 5 0 0 0

5 0 0 0 0

7 5 0 0 0

1 0 0

show cost per button in SEK.

the profile of the grinding wheel, where it functions as a centring centr ing device, allowing for easy grinding. Grind Matic Manual B-DTH is simi-

0 0 0

Cost of grinding reduces dramatically with volume.

When a bit has a heavy wear flat it tends to deviate, and, by the time it reaches the bottom of the hole, it will have

lar to the Grind Matic Manual B. It is

Grinding machines Two parameters guide the selection of

deviated far more than planned. As a result, the blast will produce coarse fragmentation, and much secondary

the right grinding gri nding machine: the number

blasting may be required.

ary. Several Several kinds ki nds of grinding machines are available to satisfy these parameters.

In slope hole drilling, it is of utmost importance that the t he holes are straight. If the holes deviate, the slope walls will

be uneven, making rock reinforcement more difficult than expected.

Rock formations with different di fferent layers and joints are often characterized by heavy hole deviation, putting extra stress on the remaining rock tools in the drillstring. A sharp bit always cuts better, and will prevent both deviation, and its disadvantages. d isadvantages.

of bits to be ground; and whether the machine should be portable or stationIn most cases, a simple machine will suffice for a small operation, grinding only a few bits. The semi-automatic machines are more suitable for larger operations, such as mines and construction sites, where the machine can be stationary, and the rocktools can be brought to it.

Grind Matic HG is a water or aircooled handheld machine for grinding cups. Both spherical and ballistic cups

Diamond grinding wheels.


mainly intended for in-the-hole bits, but can also be used for threaded bits with a special bit holder. holder. As an optional accessory, the machine can be equipped with a belt grinder for gauge grinding.

Grind Matic BQ2 is the latest semiautomatic machine, with many features such as auto-indexing device, timer con-

trol, automatic feed, and an automatic centring arm.

These features, coupled to an ergonomic design, ensure high productivity, productivity,

and the machine is designed to handle large volumes of threaded button bits. Cooling water is recycled after the waste product has been separated in a container.

Grind Matic BQ2-DTH is the latest grinding machine for mainly downthe-hole and Coprod bits. It can also

Grind Matic Manual B.

43


Grind Matic Manual B -DTH.

be used for threaded bits with a special

bit holder. holder. The machine machi ne has the same sa me features as Grind Matic BQ2, and can grind bits up to 7 in diameter. Comparison of grinding wheel with grinding c up.

Grind Matic BQ2-DTH.

Grinding advice

and the diamond grinding wheel rotate.

The Grind Matic machine’s secret of success is that both the grinding table

surfaces, regardless of whether the buttons are spherical or ballistic.

The result is perfectly ground button In addition, t he machine’s machine’s unique diamond grinding wheel is designed to ensure even wear on its grinding surface, while still retaining its profile.

This, in tur n, guarantees the button shape throughout the life of the wheel.

Secoroc’s advice is to use Grind Matic grinding machines, with profiled

diamond grinding wheels, for grinding button bits. It is the only solution able to consistently deliver perfectly shaped buttons on customers customers’’ bits.

Correct grinding is important for every drilling operation, particularly in these days of cost consciousness and fierce competition. It can make a world of difference to the bottom line.

Bo Persson

44


EL AGUILAR, ARGENTINA

Explo xplorin ringg the potential of El Aguilar Keeping in touch In the remote mountain range of northern Argentina, the El Aguilar mine is being equipped with modern technology to meet ambitious goals. Located 4,300 m above sea level, and surrounded by desert and mountains, the mine is remote and difficult to reach. However, to run the country’s try’ s most important under ground zinc, lead and silver mine, El Aguilar management keeps well in touch with the benefits of new technology.

Pioneers The mine, which lies in the eastern slope of El Aguilar mountains, is owned by Co Compa mpa ñí a Mi ne ra Ag ui la r S. S.A. A. (CMA), which also owns Sulfacid S.A., a refinery pioneer in the sulphuric acid and electrolytic zinc industry. industry. Here, in this isolated but unique mining community of about 4,000 people, 350 work in the mine in three, 8 hour shifts per day. Production currently runs at 38,000 t/ month, and the mine’s short term goal is to increase this to 48,000 t/month. Operations are widely dispersed over a large area, and several fronts are worked simultaneously. Therefore, all equipment has to be used as efficiently as possible. The Aguilar orebody has great potential. tentia l. Even though it has been mined for more than 70 years, new sectors are now being discovered. Further more, the company has significantly changed its strategy in recent years with regard to the equipment it needs, and also i n terms of greater emphasis on exploration. In order to reach its goals, CMA employs a fleet of eight Atlas Copco Boomer 104 and Boomer 281 drill rigs, r igs, one Boltec 235 bolting rig, one Simba 157 production drilling rig, nine Scooptram loaders ST6C, EST 3.5, ST710 and ST2G,

The El Aguilar mine is located at 4,30 0 m above sea level and surrounded by mountains and deserts.

and three core drilling rigs Diamec U6, Diamec 252 and Diamec 262. Many of these products have been acquired with the assistance of longterm financing arrangements provided by Atlas Copco Custome r Finance that have been consistently offered despite a difficult economic situation within the country.

Exploration and development The CMA mine is divided into three main sectors, according to the degree of mechanization employed and the grade of the ore. These are Pique Inferior, which is the deepest at level 31; Mina Esperanza; and Nueva Norte, which is in itself divided into two parts, Mina Rincón and Mina Oriental. In Pique


Inferior, the aim is to go deeper and a nd a new raise has increased mineral resources. Mina Esperanza has been accessed via the lower drift on the third level as the higher levels are gradually exhausted. Given the shape of the orebody, which has a dip of more than 50 degrees, the entire operation will use only cutand-fill or long hole stoping methods. The Boomer 104 is used for face drildr illing, while the Simba 157 is used in production to drill the 18 m high stopes. For safety reasons, the LHDs are operated by remote control. In Nueva Norte, particularly in Mina Oriental, the miners are only a few metres from the orebody and an 89 m deep ventilation shaft has been raise bored. In this section, the main mining mini ng method is cut-and-fill. In faces of cross-section 4.5 m by 4.5 m they drill around 50 holes

45

EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF EL AGUILAR

The Simba H157 at work.

45 mm diameter and a nd 14 ft long. At present, El Aguilar is 95 percent mechanized and several of the latest methods of excavation are being employed, some developed on site. These methods i n-clude n-clude:: room and pillar with bench and fill; conventional cut-and-fill; cut-and-fill with horizontal

and vertical chambers using long hole drilling, and muck-ing out with remote control vehicles and other variants; sublevel stoping, underground vertical/ sub-vertical benching; and exploration methods for deep levels. In December, 2004 a shaft was constructed in Mina Esperanza exclusively

Typical drill patterns at El Aguilar.

CABLEBOLT DRILLING Rows of 5 holes every 1.5 m

�

46

Pillar of the community On the surface, the El Aguilar mine provides provid es for the well-being well-being of of the whole whole community. The town relies completely on the company for its fresh water and electricity supplies, as well as for its well-equipped 40-bed hospital, its schools, schoo ls, stores, churches, sports and cultural and other facilities. A private transport company provides transportation between the mine and the nearest densely populated cities of La Quiaca and San Salvador de Jujuy. The company is not just a business, it also has a strong social responsibility. responsibility.

Acknowledgements

�

PRODUCTION DRILLING Rows of 7 holes every 1.5 m

to generate ventilation from the tunnel to level 577, the equivalent of 110-115 m. With this new method, all the air enters enter s via the tunnel, flows through the entire sector, and is extracted via the shaft. In addition, an exhaust fan was placed in the entrance of the mine to extract the air and distribute it to different underground sectors. The installation of a ventilation shaft in Pique Inferior will allow fresh air to enter the lower levels. El Aguilar has one of the world’s highest proportions of support elements in relation to tonnage produced, which indicates the complexity of the orebody orebody.. The ground is very varied, irregular, and dominated by fractures or faults. In addition, El Aguilar has devised an advanced ground control method which has served as a model for operations in remote places around the world. The drifts generally have roofs of very poor quality rock with consistent faults, although the floors are generally of good quality. This makes it necessary to employ a range of bolting techniques tech niques for different types of rock bolts, f rom short bolts such as split-set or Swellex, and cement grouted rebar. Cable bolting with the Boltec 235H, shotcreting, and steel arches are also used to good effect.

1 1

5 7

Atlas Copco is grateful to the management at El Aguilar for its assistance in the preparation of this article. This article frst appeared in Atlas Copco Mining & Construction magazine No 2 2005.


NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA

Increasing drilling rates at Ridgeway Big output A determination to benefit from drill rig automation technology can be seen in practice at Newcrest Mining’s Mining’ s Ridgeway gold-copper operation, a mine that has already produced impressive performances in terms of profitability and production. The mine is one of Australia’s largest underground mines with a total ore production of 5.6 million t/y. Located near Orange in Central New South Wales, near the well-known Cadia Hill open pit mine, Ridgeway has only been in operation since 2002. In April, 2005 the mine switched from contractor to owner mining. Looking to further increase the productivity of their two Atlas Copco Simba L6 C longhole production drill rigs, the management has introduced a higher level of automation, resulting in improved drilling rates with the same manning and equipment.

Sub level caving The Ridgeway deposit, discovered in 1996, 19 96, lies 500 m below the sur face and is accessed by a decline. Extraction of the gold-copper ore began in 2002, and in 2004 the mine produced al most 450,000 ounces of gold and 45,000 t of copper. Production is by sub level caving, commencing at the top of the orebody, with extraction levels at 25 m vertical intervals. Today, 5.6 5.6 million t /y of material materia l is mined, and Ridgeway is recognized as one of the most efficient gold producers in operation, with sufficient mineable ore reserves to last until 2018. Having successfully used singlehole automation for several years to drill during during shift changes a nd breaks, Atlas Copc Copco’ o’ss Advanced Boom Control (ABC) fan automation technology was selected to further enha nce this capa bilit y. Ridgeway has two Atlas Copco Simba L6 C production rigs continuously employed employed on d rilli ng upholes, one of which is currently fitted with w ith the

Atlas Copco Simba L6 C production rig fitted with ABC Total for com puterized operation.

ABC system, an automation technology that is well-suited to the application. However, Howev er, a low-cost option was required to deliver extra drilli ng capacity, and the management decided that ABC Total had the potential to give a productivity improvement of up to 10%. As a result, the first Simba was equip ped with ABC Total Total for appraisal, and then the second Simba was automated and fully functional by March, 2006.

Fully automated The ABC Total version of the Atlas Copco technology employed at the Ridgeway mine fully automates the drill ing process. The boom and feed are positioned automatically according to a pre-programmed drill pattern and drilli ng sequence. Automatic collaring, rod changing and drilling of each hole in the sequence are then carried


out without direc t involvement of the operator. The need to manually change bits during the drilling dr illing of some long holes, holes, or between holes, had been a major hurdle for the the mine to overcome in its d rive to fully automate production and development drilling processes. This is the first time that a mine in Australia has used a mechanized bit changing system in conjunction with the rig automation technology te chnology.. The bit carousel carou sel rotates, rotates, allowing dr ill bit s to be re moved a nd re placed without operator intervention. This process is activated by the Atlas Copco Rig Control System, RCS, which which is a n integral par t of the automation package.

Continuous drilling Ridgeway’s use of the ABC and bit changing chang ing systems marked a significant

47

INCREASING DRILLING RATES AT RIDGEWAY

How the bit changer works A

Figure 1. All the rods from the drill string are moved over to t he magazine of the Simba (see insert, left). The rock drill advances to the drill steel support (A) to collect the worn bit on its shank adapter. The rock drill then moves backwards to the bit changing position. The drill bit cassette swings in to collect the bit.

Drill steel support

Rod magazine Bit cassette

The Simba bit changer allows drill bits to be removed and replaced automatically.

point in the adoption adopt ion of such advance automation technology technology by the mining industry in general general.. Aut omation and associated performance monitoring and control technology

are the key to harnessing all the power that can be generated with modern rock drills. While RCS technology is well esta blished, blis hed, the recent r ecent ly developed develop ed Atl as Copco bit changing system opens t he door to full automation of continuous drilling sequences and processes for many mines. Current drill ing technology is so advanced, with electronic systems able to monitor, measure and relay thousands of bytes of performance performance data per minute, that adjustments can only be made by a computerized control system.

48

B

Figure 2. The worn bit is unthreaded from the shank adapter and retained in the rotating cassette by a locking arm (B). T he rock drill then moves backwards.

Rock Drill

The next ste p at Ridgeway would be to ta ke adv advant ant age of Ethe E the rn rnet et,, o r even wireless communications technology, nolo gy, in order to download dril l plans pla ns fr from om m ine pla plann nn ing off ice icess t o drilling equipment, and transfer production data back to the main com puter. put er. The ope rat or would be able a ble to see how accurately he has been drilling, and make any necessary adjustments almost immediately.

Acknowledgements This article frst appeared in Atlas Copco Mining Min ing & Co Const nstruc ructio tion n mag magazi azine ne No 1 2006.

Figure 3. The cassette rotates to align the new bit with the rock drill. The rock drill then moves forward to collect the new bit. The drill bit cassette swings aside, allowing the rock drill to move forward and place the new drill bit into the drill steel support. The first drill rod is then loaded from the rod magazine and drilling can begin again


CAMPO FORMOSO, BRAZIL

Sub level caving for chromite In search of excellence Cia de Ferro Ligas da Bahia (Ferbasa) is a private c apital group, which produces chromite, silicon and limestone. One of Brazil’s most important metallurgical companies, Ferbasa has surface and underground mining operations in the state of Bahia in north-eastern Brazil, where their Pedrinhas open pit chrome mine, located in Campo Formoso, has been in operation since 1961. Pedrinhas currently produces about 2,400,000 cu m/year of chromite ore and waste, yielding 54,000 t/year of hard lump chromite and 114,000 t/year of chromite concentrate. At the Medrado and Ipueira underground mines, lump chromite is produced using primarily sublevel caving techniques with raises opened using slot drilling, where a fleet of Atlas Copco equipment offers key support in exploration, development development and production.

Entrance to the Ipueira mine.

of run-of-mine ore for a final production of 127,000 t of hard lump. In the same year Medrado produced 192,000 t

of ROM ore for a final production of 48,000 t of hard lump. Current target is a total of 216,000 t of hard lump.

Underground geology Located in the city of Andorinha, a round

Underground exploration

100 km from the Pedrinhas mine, m ine, the

The company is always looking for the

company’ss underground company’ undergr ound operations have

best way of doing things in consultation with workers, technical consultants and through visits to other mines. The consultation process also includes manufacturers of mining mi ning equipment, with which Ferbasa discusses the best technological

been developed within the Medrado/ Ipueira deposit. This is one of several chromite-mineralized intrusions in the Jacurici Valley

in the north-east of the São Francisco Craton, which hosts Brazil’s largest chromite deposits. Being irregular and

options for its operations. This consultation process is very important for the

an operator’s operator’s panel. This machine is used in all situations at the underground mine, to drill holes of up to 150 m deep.

The decision to acquire this machine took into account the fact that it is equipped with a wire li ne system. This feature makes possible to conduct core drilling in the worst rock conditions, such as the faulted and fractu red rock at Ferbasa.

Ferbasa carries out about 7,200 7,200 m/y m /y of drift devel development. opment. The fleet of deve-

lopment rigs includes two Atlas Copco face drilling rigs. One is a Boomer 252

rig equipped with COP 1238 rock rock drill dril l which drills 3.9 m long holes to achieve

6,000 drilled metres/month at a productivity of 55 m/hour. There is also a

fractured with numerous faults, the deposit presents a considerable geological geological and mining challenge.

mine, in order to help maintain a high

The Medrado/Ipueira deposit is divided into several mining areas. There are the Medrado mine and the Ipueira

Medrado/Ipueira orebody represents a challenge. With an average thickness of 8 m, and 500 m long panels, the orebody

m/hour.

mine, the latter of which is divided into

is irregular and fractured with numerous faults. The accurate delineation of the orebody is very important, and to this end the geology department has to carry out a great deal of exploration

Sublevel caving

drilling. The main machine employed in this key task is an Atlas Copco Diamec

in some areas of Ipueira, depending on the layout of the orebody. When the orebody is vertical, sublevel caving is used

five working areas: Ipueira II, III, IV, V and VI. Currently, besides Medrado, Medrado, only Ipueira II, III, IV and V are opera-

tional, whereas Ipueira VI is a future expansion project. project. The underground mim ines have have been in steady operation ope ration since 1977.. In 2004, 1977 2 004, Ipueira produced 450,000 t

level of moder nization. level From a geological point of view, the

U6 exploration drill rig equipped with


Rocket Boomer M2 D rig equipped with COP 1838ME rock drill which drills 4.5

m long holes to achieve achieve 12,000 drilled dri lled metres/month at an average rate of 70

The main underground mining method

employed is longitudinal sublevel caemployed ving, though open stoping is also used

49

SUB LEVEL CAVING FOR CHROMITE

Production loading

N 55

n o i t c u d o r P

Charging – production holes

N 65

Production drilling

N 75

Mucking out

N 85

Charging

N 95

t n e m p o l e v e D

Scaling

N 105

Drilling

N 115

Shot creting

N 125

Layout of Ipueira mine.

and, in the t he few cases when the orebody

of the orebody. The vertical distance

blast holes, which have a diameter of

is horizontal, open stoping is the preferred method. Both methods are safe, with currently acceptable dilutions. However, the management has started

between sublevels sublevels var ies from 14 m t o

51 mm and a burden of 2.2 m. At the same time, they are studying st udying the pos-

looking for suitable alternative methods

the production levels to the surface

that will reduce the dilution di lution in future.

using rigid frame trucks. In terms of production, the company

For longitudinal sublevel caving, production drifts a re developed developed in the footwall

30 m. Production drilling is upwards, using a fan pattern. The broken ore is loaded using LHDs, and is hauled from fr om

drills 180,000 m/year of production

sibility of changing to 76 mm diameter holes hol es and 2.8 m burden, in order to reduce costs.

The fleet of production drill rigs includes an Atlas Copco Simba 254 and a Simba 253, both electro-hydraulic

The locations of drifts and d rill patterns are adapted to the ore-waste boundaries.

Blast holes

Ore e l b a C

Waste

Drift 2.2 m

50


SUB LEVEL CAVING FOR CHROMITE

Slot drilling at Ferbasa: the Simba M6 C-ITH in action and right the perfectly finished row of holes.

rigs equipped with COP 1238ME 1238ME rock drills, which drill 6,000 m/month to achieve a productivity of 22 m/h. The mine also has a Promec M195 pneumatic rig equipped with COP 131EL rock drill. These drill rigs are also used to drill orebody definition holes, and achieve 3,500 m/month.

Slot drilling One of the main challenges at Ferbasa Ferbasa’’s underground operations is t he developdevelopment of inverse drop raises. These openings, which are also called ca lled ‘blind raises’

advances of up to 6 m. Nowadays, this

of up to 25 m in length length are succes successful sfully ly

practice has been replaced with a fully

achieved. The main advantages of the

mechanized method, increasing the speed and safety of drilling the open-

method are personnel safety and speed

ings. Looking for a solution to improve operator safety when drilling these production ductio n raises, technical personnel from

Ferbasa visited LKAB’s Malmberget iron ore mine in Sweden, where they studied the development of inverse drop

raises blasted in one single shot. After the visit, Ferbasa star ted employing a

in the dri lling. Also, slot slot drill ing is more precise and, in general, more productive.

A Simba M6 C-ITH drill rig equipped with COP 64 ITH hammer and ABC

Regular system, as well as an on-board booster compressor, has been acquired for drilling inverse drop raises with holes up to 10 in diameter. Depending on

slot drilling technique, and Ipueira and Medrado are now the most experienced

the length of the raise, and the quality of the rock mass, the slot drilling tech-

mines in Brazil in its use. Slot drilling

nique is used. If the length of the raise is short, and the rock quality poor, the traditional trad itional techniqu techniquee with reamed holes holes is used.

because they don’t communicate with the upper level, can only be accessed from the lower level. level. This limitation is

requires a row of 190 190 mm diameter diamet er interint er-

dictated by the mining methods. Previously these blind raises were developed upwards by successive individual

drill hammer. Thus, with an available free face, drilling accuracy, and controlled blasting techniques, openings

connected holes to be drilled using a special guide mounted on a regular ITH

The slot drilling crew with their Simba M6 C-ITH.

Until the Simba M6 C-ITH arrived, ar rived, Ferbasa was carrying out slot drilli ng with only one machine. They chose the

new Simba rig because of its advanced technological and safety features. One of the main advantages is the setup, which

only has to be carried out once at each site. The Simba M6 C-ITH drill rig is also

easy to operate, and the spacious, airconditioned cabin is an attractive feature. The mine spent five years looking for a solution to the opening of inverse i nverse drop

raises, and is pleased with its investment in technology and modernization represented by the Simba M6 C-ITH.

Acknowledgements The managements at both Ipueira and Medra do m ines are Medrado a re thanked thank ed for their contributions to this article, which first appeared appe ared in Atlas Atla s Copco Mining Min ing & Construction Magazine No 3 2005.


51

Atlas Copco Cabletec LC.

52


MICHILLA, CHILE

First Cabletec cable bolting rig in South Americ Americaa Winning in Michilla Cable bolting and grouting operations have have been greatly speeded up at the Michilla C opper Mi ne in Chile with the introduction of an Atlas Copco Copc o Cabletec cable bolting rig, the first of it s genre to be deployed in South America. Indeed, the cables necessary for securing the production stopes at Michilla are now installed 15 times faster than they were previou sly. This has released manpower for other work, and improved the overall efficiency of the mining op eration. Above all, the Michill a experience is a grea t reference for this new concep t machine, which is set to revolutionize cable bolt installation underground.

Successful operation The Cabletec has been successfully operating for a year in Antofagasta Minerals’ Michilla copper mine in Chile, some 750 km north of Santiago. The main mining method at Michilla is cut-and-fill using a drift and pillar layout in which mining progresses upwards. The production drifts are 7 m x 5 m and the pillars are 7 m x 7 m. Some sub level stoping is also used. Systematic cable bolting is required to ensure safety while other rigs are d rilling production holes upwards through the orebody. A total of 100,000 m/y of cable bolts are needed for all the underground operations. During Duri ng its first year at Michilla, the Cabletec has shown very positive positi ve results. Its cable installation ca pacity is some 50% better than alternative mechanized solutions. It gives a safe and greatly improved working environment, with all operations controlled from the silenced, air-conditioned cab.

Two booms The Cabletec is unique, in that it is a twin boom machine. Positioning and

Drilling and cable installation are carried out simultaneously by separate booms on the Cabl etec.

feeding of the grouting hose and cable into the pre-drilled hole is undertaken using one boom, while the other boom is used to drill d rill the t he next bolt hole. hole. Both operations can be carried out simultaneously, greatly reducing cycle time and increasing f unctionality unctionality.. Because drilling and cable installation are ca rried out by separate booms, there is no risk of cement soiling the drill unit, or splattering components, significantly reducing maintenance costs compared to other mechanized methods.


Superior productivity Prior to the arrival ar rival of the Cabletec, cables cables were installed manually, each taking about 105 minutes to grout and install. Today, the Cabletec does it in only 7 minutes, with less interference and using fewer operators, saving valuable time and greatly improving the efficiency of the production operation. The total cost of rock reinforcement is historically USD1.8/t of ore. However, Michilla management estimates that, thanks to

53

CABLETEC CABLE BOLTER IN SOUTH AMERICA

Cabletec is a fully mechanized cable bolting rig with the Ri g Control System, RCS, for high productivity and precision.

the speed of the Cabletec, about 20% of this cost is being saved. The drilling boom on the Cabletec in Michilla is equipped with a COP 1838 1838 rock drill and a rod-handling carousel with a capacity of 17+1 Speedrods. These are each 1.8 m long, facilitating

hole depths of up to 32.4 m and today they use 63.5 mm drill bits. The 1,700 kg capacity cable cassette at the rear of the rig is ea sy to refill, thanks t o its unique fold-out design. The onboard silo has a capacity of 1,000 kg of dry cement, and auto-

At Michilla four parallel holes are drilled for bolting in eac h row in the 7 m wide production drifts.

matic mixing is to a predetermined formula, resulting in a smooth grouting process. For face drilling, Michilla Michilla has Boomer Boomer M2 C drill r igs, as well a s Boomer 127 and 282 rigs equipped with 14 ft rods, for an effective pull of 3.7-3.8 m. ANFO is the bulk explosive used. About About 800 800 m/month of d rif t is developed and 110,000 110,000 t/month of rock is mined, of which 40,000 t is waste. Michilla is operating at depths of below 600 m, and produced 46,000 t of fine fi ne copper in 2005. 2005. Resources are expected to last until 2012, after which production will shift from underground to surface operations.

Acknowledgements The management at Michilla are thanked for their their assist assistanc ancee in the prepar preparati ation on of this article which frst appeared in Atlas Copco Mining & Construction magazine No 1 2006 2006..

54


GARPENBERG, SWEDEN

Innovative mining at Garpenberg Garpenberg

Lina shaft

0Z

Garpenberg North

Gruvsjö shaft Capaci Cap acity: ty: 450 450 000 000 tpa

Smälta Smä ltarmo rmosse ssen n

Shaft Capacity: 850 000 tpa

Dammsjön

0Z

Dammsjö Agmin ?

Lappberget

?

400 Z

400 Z

500-785 Z

Finnhyttan

500800 Z

Tyskgården 7001000 Z

800 Z

Gransjön Kaspersbo 910 10 Z

Kanal Ore Strand Ore Potential

925-1100 Z

?

Dammsjön Dammsjö n Kvarnb Kvarnberget erget

1200 Z

1600 Y

20 00 Y

800 Z

870 Z

2400 Y

2800 Y

320 0 Y

1000-1300 Z

11001400 Z

3600 Y

40 00 Y

440 0 Y

1200 Z

4800 Y

5200 Y

Production levels Potential areas outside ore reserves 2005-01

One million tonnes of ore

Idealized long section at Garpenberg showing all orebodies and shafts.

The Garpenberg mine, located 200 km northwest of Stockholm, extracts more than 1 million t/y of ore. The ore is polymetallic and contains mainly zinc, silver and also some lead, copper and gold. Additionally, about 500,000 t of development waste is excavated annually. Over recent years, Garpenberg has been forced to add reserves, or reconsider its future. Happily, more orebodies have been discovered, and new stoping methods and drilling technology introduced.. Atlas Copco has cointroduced operated closely with Garpenberg management to resolve technical issues, designing and supplying equipment to suit the evolving objectives. As a result, the mine achieved its Mt of ore in 2005, at very acceptable grades.

adjacent concentrator. Boliden acquired

AB Zinkgruvor Zin kgruvor developed developed a new main shaft and concrete headframe and the the mine in 1957 and completed the development of a second shaft in 1972, accessing the 800 m level at Garpenberg

North, having a hoisting capac ity of 850,000 t/y and effectively creating a second and larger mine.

5-6 m thick slices drilled dril led horizontally from 50-300 m long and up to 15 m wide stopes. Rock fill was used in the bottom cut, and either plain sand or cemented hydraulic fil l above. The sand comes from the coarse fraction of

the mill tailings, and the fill is supplemented by development waste. Mining starts normally at the centre

pany located another orebody under the

of the base level of the stope and progresses towards the ends and upwards.

Dammsjön and, in the 1980s, consid-

The last cut, just below the crown pillar,

ered draining draini ng the lake in order to develop develop an open pit. The mineralization in the Garpenberg area occurs in a long, narrow syn-

is heavily reinforced to facilitate the

Between these two shafts, the com-

clinal structure which is believed to be Middle Precambrian, but may have been

recovery of the 8-15 m high pillar using up holes drilling and blasting.

The undercut-and-fill method, progressing downwards, was used in the

remobilized later. The orebodies are

Strandgruvan section from the mid-70s until 2001, when the ore was mined out.

vertically extensive extensive lenses that are a re usually nar row row,, much folded and therefore twisting and irregular.

This method provided a safe working roof in the weak, fractured ore with unstable footwall, for just the extra cost of cement and rebar reinforcement.

History

Cut and fill

Mining has been conducted at Garpenberg since the 13th century. The present

Until very recently all of the ore, subdivided in 100 m-high slices, sl ices, was extracted by cut-and-fill mining, taking

operations sta rted in 1950-53, 1950-53, when


The method was suited to the orebody irregularities, and no crown pillar had to be left or recovered. The introduction of trackless mining and further exploration expl oration of the mineralization mineral ization in the

55

INNOVATIVE INNOVA TIVE MINING AT GARPENBERG

drilling at the t he 800 m and a nd 1,000 m levels levels

in Lappberget, and by February, 2003 was able to start mining ore from the new source. Zinc concentrate production in the year increased to 80, 80,748 748 t. In March, 2004 the connecting drift

was completed, and the formerl formerlyy separate mines have since been regarded and managed as a single operation. The drift

allows access and infrastructure development of new mineable areas, and Garpenberg quickly boosted mine output. The main focus has been be en on Lappberget, including driving a ramp close to the orebody from the 350 m level, level, with connecconnec -

tion to the surface sur face scheduled for 2007. 2007. The Tyskgården mineralization, discov-

ered in the early 1980s, 1980s, also became accessible, and mining started there in 2003-4. In 2004 Boliden discovered an extension extensi on of the Dammsjön mineralizamineraliz ation around the 800 m level, level, and during duri ng

2005 a new discovery was made, the reportedly large and potentially h ighSimba M7 C production drill rig at Garpenberg.

Garpenberg North mine led to the pro-

gressive extension of a 1:7 ramp down to the 910 m level. In 1998-99, it was extended to the 1,000 m level, increasing the overall length to 8.7 km.

To increase hoisting capacity at the Garpenberg mine, the new Gruvsjö pro-

duction shaft was completed in 1997 and the original shaft was converted for personnel and materials hoisting. With a hoisting capacity of 450,000 t/y, the newer shaft connects with a ramp accessing the Kanal and Strand orebodies.

The present operating area a rea extends approximately 4.5 km SW to NE from the original shaft to the Gransjön mi-

grade Kvarnberget deposit.

While the new shaft raised hoisting capacity, and ramp extension accessed

Higher output

new ore in the North mine, metals pro-

In 2005, the mine mi ne produced 1,102,000 1,102,000 t ore grading 5.75% Zn, 2.28% Pb, 0.09% Cu and 117 g/t Ag. Approximately 40%

duction rose to record re cord levels in 1998. However, this improvement could not 2001, despite a rise in ore production. And proven plus probable ore reserves

of the ore came from Lappberget. The mill yielded 101,000 t of 55.3% zinc concentrate; 29,000 t of 72% lead concentrate with 1,800 g/t silver; 2,800 t

declined from 5.7 Mt in 1998 to 2.2 Mt

of 15% copper concentrate concentrate with 40,000 4 0,000

at 4.0% Zn in 2003, 20 03, putting a question

g/t; and 120 t of precious metal concentrate grading 65% lead, 40,000 g/t silver and 400 g/t gold. Some 967,000 t of tailings retained 0.34% Zn, 0.29% Pb, 0.02% Cu and 25.5 g/t Ag. By

be maintained. Zinc concentrate output fell from 69,051 t in 1998 to 61,126 t in

mark on the future of the mine. However, Boliden continued to make

investments in technology for the long term at Garpenberg. The mine, the company and the market are a re now benefiting. And the geologists are very popular.

ning section.

Concentrate productio production n Upgraded in the early 1990s, the concentrator yields separate zinc, lead, copper and precious metals concentrates. The zinc and a nd lead concentrates are trucked to Gävle harbour and shipped either to Kokkola in Finland or Odda in Norway. Norway. Copper and a nd precious metals concentrates are railed to the Rönnskär smelter in Sweden. Since 1957, Boliden has milled over 20 million tonnes of ore at Garpenberg.

56

end-2005 Boliden employed 280 people

at Garpenberg, with a further 70 working for contractors at the site.

New reserves Probably the most significant event at Garpenberg during the period of decline was the discovery in 1998 of a new ore-

body between Garpenberg North and Dammsjön, named Lappberget. This encouraged the company to start development in 2000 of an a n approximately 3.0 km long drift to connect the 900 m level at Garpenberg North, first to Lappberget for exploration exploration access, and a nd thence to the ramp at the 800 m level at Garpenberg. During 2001, 2001, Boliden started core

The operation works around the clock 7 days/week in both the concentrator and the mine, with mining carried out by four production teams supported by a development crew and a charging crew. Garpenberg is t he Hedemora Community’s largest private sector employer.

Since the beginning of 2005 exploration has continued, not only adding tonnes,

but also raising average grade. Thanks to the exploration effort, Garpenberg also started start ed 2006 with proven reserves reserves of 4.73 4.73 Mt grading gra ding 6.0% Zn, 2.5% Pb,



0.1% Cu, 99 g/t Ag and 0.3 g/t Au. Probable ore brought total reserves up to 10.67 Mt. That compares with 3.63 Mt of reserves at the beginning of 2005. Total resources were also increased, from 11.08 Mt in January, 2005 to 13.22 Mt. This should be sufficient to add another 15-20 years to mine life.

896 Z

1

Mined in “Central Zone”

1

3m

916 Z

These quantities should increase further when portions of the t he orebodies at Kaspersbo (from 1,000 m down to

Possible sequence

3

9

4

10

5

11 6

1,300 m), Lappberget (500–800 m and 1,100–1,400 1, 100–1,400 m), Dammsjön Da mmsjön (500–785 m and 925–1,100 m), and a smaller sec -

956 Z

tion at Tyskgården are included in the reserves figures. Kvarnberget is yet to

17.5 m Drawpoint spacing

be added, and Boliden is also exploring exploring

Primary stope: 15 m wide x 40 m high Paste fill

Note: Not N ote e:

Secondary stope: 20 m wide x 40 m high Rock fill

How H ow this hole must be designed to just miss iss the drift below to break properly

to the north of the Gransjön where the

8

property extends for several kilometres.

4 996 Z

Sublevel stoping at Lappberget The geological and geotechnical char-

Sublevel stoping layout and mining sequence for Lappberget orebody.

acteristics of significant portions of the

newly-discovered orebodies allow newly-discovered a llow mining using more productive longhole methods instead of cut-and-fill. Lapp-

billion for developing Lappberget. The

is relatively small, small, and a nd large quantities

overall ov erall programme includes: increasing

berget ore, for instance, can be up to 60 m

designing and building a paste fill pro-

of development development muck have to be accoma ccommodated underground as hoisting facilities are used for ore only.

wide through considerable vertical distances, and has proved to be suitable for sub-level stoping using a system of

duction/distribution system; and start-

primary and secondary stopes progressprogressing upwards.

concentrator capacity t o 1.2 Mt/y;

in Lappberget.

The method can be described as a modified suble sublevel vel stoping with successivee back fill siv fil l as mining is progressin progressing. g. The 10 m wide cut-off cut-off slots are drilled dril led across the orebody using up-holes and

Rill mining

blasted in one single firing, starting from the centre. Seven 127 mm holes are left

ing longhole longhole drilling. drilli ng. This latter project

involved rill mining in the Tyskgården orebody, followed followed by subleve sublevell stoping st oping

Primary stopes are 15 m wide and 40 m high a nd filled with paste made

from concentrator tailings mixed with about 5% cement. The 20 m wide secondary stopes are filled with development muck without cement. High precision precisi on drilling is necessary to get optimum ore recovery and fragmenta-

A special mining method known as rill mining has been developed for excavating excavating

the Tyskgården orebody. orebody. The orebody

uncharged to provide sufficient expansion for the remaining 64 mm holes. After the slot has been opened, 70 degrees up-holes fans consisting of eight,

Development and primary stoping layout 1080 level.

tion. This mining min ing method can possibly be used in par ts of the Kaspersbo orebody, if rock quality is high enough. This will

help with cost control, which is crucial for mining in Sweden. With Lappberget alone containing 5.46 Mt of the current reserves, grading over 7% zinc and 2.6% 2 .6%

lead, plus silver and gold, it is no surprise that present development activities

focus on using longhole-based production from these orebodies to raise total metal-in-concentrate output. Presently eight orebodies are being exploited. Garpenberg has generated a strategic plan for 2006–2019 allocating SEK 1 PRODUCTION DRILLING IN UNDERGROUND MINING

57


Refill of waste One fan Max 2m

Blasted ore t o l s f f o t u C

Waste

8 h o 3 l e s f a n i n s e i n a c h o n f a e b n Ø la s t 7 0 1 . m 8 m m

A p p r o x . 1 5 m

A p p r o x . 1 5 m

70°

45°

Rill mining in progress.

approximately 17 m long, holes are

available, with a limited a mount of

blasted into the void. Three rows having

truck ore haulage to surface possible.

a total of 24 holes are blasted simultaneously.. After neously Aft er mucking out each blast, new waste is discharged into the stope

New drilling technology

forming a 45 degrees rill down into the

And, although flotation capacity has been improved, concentrator throughput is now limited to the same sa me sort of tonnage by grinding mill capacity.

drawpoint. drawpoin t. As the waste material will

Assuming demand for Garpenberg Gar penberg con-

ment to Boliden’s underground mines

stay quite stable at 45 degrees rill angle, the risk of ore dilution is negligible.

centrates increases increases in the near term, it will be necessary for New Boliden to decide whether to i ncrease hoisting

for many years. Recently Recently,, the company

Output limitati limitations ons

capacity. Developing the now-available reserves for higher long-term production using additional hoisting and processing capacity

The total m ine output is restricted to the 1.2-1.3 1.2-1.3 Mt/y hoisting capacity

might double the amount a mount of investment initially planned.

Atlas Copco has supplied drilling equip-

has worked part icularly closely with Garpenberg on the development of computer-based technology for more precise drilling and blasting to enhance productivity and reduce ore dilution and operating costs.

Drill pattern for cut off slot.

58



This joint devel development opment process started with the 1998-1999 1998-1999 ramp ra mp extension at Garpenberg North. The complex geo-

logy results in winding cross c ross sections of varying width, and ore boundaries which are difficult to predict by core drilling. To enable the drifts in the cut

Reference line

Mine coordinate system

X/Y horizontal Z vertical

and fill stopes to follow the paths of the

orebodies, accurate production maps and precise drill rig navigation are essential. Producing drill plans in t he office is relatively easy. However, get-

Reference point

(x, y, z)

X Y

ting drill plans that match the actual ore boundaries is a challenge challenge,, and frequent fre quent--

ly the dri ller is obliged to i mprov mprovize ize while drilling, drilli ng, which which can lead to poor

Z

blasting results.

Drill plan generator The drill plan generator overcomes the ore navigation problem by assisting the operator to create an optimum drill plan

right at the face. In case the generated

Navigation system for downwards longhole production drilling.

drill plan does not match the actual ore boundaries, the operator can define new

with the COP 1838, as well as the

coordinates to correct the situation. To do this, having aligned the feed to the

Rocket Boomer 352S.

laser beam to define the position of the

Mine navigation

rig, the operator points the drill feeds at the four corners of the face, in line with the geologist’s marks. When all adjustments have been made, the Rig Control System RCS will develop the most efficient round compatible with the new parameters. The generated drill plan

is automatically entered into the Rocket Boomer L2 C ABC standard drill ing system, and the operator can start drilling. While drilling, dr illing, each completed hole

is logged, and, if the Measure While Drilli ng (MWD) option is activated, activated, the drilling drill ing parameters along the hole are recorded. All of the data is logged on the PC card for off-line processing in the Tunnel Manager support program, and is t hen transferred to the mine database. As a result of the Drill Plan Generator and ABC Regular, Garpenberg North increased the size of the production rounds from 400 t to 600 t, reduced drilling time from 5 to 3 h/round, reducing costs of explosives, scaling and rock support and, most important, minimizing ore dilution. Garpenberg now has one Rocket Boomer L2 rig with COP 3038 rock drills and one Rocket Boomer L2 C

The availability of orebodies at Garpen-

Boomer rigs can use the MWD system while face drilling, so the Simba can use Quality Log to record drilling parameters and compare the planned and actual result, allowing allowing holes to be re-d rilled if necessary.

berg suitable for mining mini ng with longhole production drill rigs led to a further collaboration. Having already transfert ransfer-

penberg to optimize economy and productivity when applying applying long hole drilling drilli ng

red RCS technology to the Simba long-

mining methods. The target for for 2007

hole drill rigs, Atlas Copco provided the mine with a Simba M7 C that is additionally addition ally able to use new software for precision longhole drilling. This utilizes Garpenberg’s mine coordinate reference, mapping and planning system in a similar way to the software

is to mine about 600,000 t of ore by cut-

developed for the Rocket Boomer L2 C units. Using a PC card, the Mine Navigation

This new technology will help Gar-

and-fill, 300,000 t by sublevel stoping, 150,000 t by rill m ining and 150,000 t 150,000 by crown pillar removal. removal. Further ahead,

sublevel stoping may contribute 50% sublevel of total mine production. However, at present this mining method is completely new to the mining teams at Garpenberg, and they have just started

the process of getting acquainted with

package can effectively integrate the Simba RCS with the mine coordinate

long hole drilling methods.

reference system, system, allowing al lowing the operator

Acknowledgements

to position the machine at the correct vertical and horizontal coordinates in the drilling drif t for drilling planned longhole longh ole fans in precisely the intended place. Using the drill plan supplied by Microsystem (or, (or, in other mines, the Ore O re

Manager package) to the Rig Control System, the operator can drill to the exact x, y and z positions prescribed for each hole bottom. Just as the Rocket


This article is based upon an original report by Kyran Casteel. Atlas Copco is grateful to the mine management at Garpenberg for their assistance with site visits, and in particular to Tom Söderman and Lars Bergkvist for comments and revision. This article first appeared in Atlas Copco Mining & Construction magazine magazine No 3 2006. 20 06.

59


Headframe at Garpenberg.

60


KIRUNA, NORTHERN SWEDEN

Automated long Automated longhol holee drilli drilling ng with with Simba at LKAB Mining of the Kirunavaara orebody

1910 1910 1920 1920 1930 1930 1940 1940 1950 1950 1960 1960

Nivå m

1900

0

Ore beneficiation plant 142

Railway to Narvik port

1965 1965 1970 1970

230 275 320 420

1980 1980 540

1990 1990

Skip hoisting 2000 2000

740 775

Sea level

2005 2005

Skip hoisting

Ore buffer pockets

1045 m Main haulage level

Exploration drift 1060 m

1045

Crusher 1175

1365 m New haulage level 1365

Crusher

Modern methods

Mining of the Kirunavaara orebody over the last century.

LKAB is one of the world’s leading producers of upgraded iron ore for the steel industry. It’s iron ore mines at Kiruna and Malmberget in Northern Sweden are models of modern mining methods, with high levels of automation in rail transport, loading and production drilling. Since 2002, production at Kiruna has increased by 40% , and the number of drill metres required has increased accordingly, approaching 1 million m/y. High capacity drill rigs are a must, and the mine fleet of Atlas Copco Simba rigs for up-hole drilling has been expanded to cater for the huge current longhole drilling demand. Meantime, the requirement for slot drilling has increased at Malmberget, where a new computerized production drill rig is taking the strain.

History at LKAB LKAB is an international inter national high-tech miminerals group, one of the world’s world’s leading produ cer s of upg upgra raded ded ir iron on ore pro ducts for the steel industry, satisfying approximately 4% of the world market, and a growing supplier of industria l minerals products to other sectors The company is wholly owned by the Swedish state, and has more than 3,500

employees. Their two iron employees. i ron ore mines, located above above the Arctic Circle in the far north of Sweden, are mining min ing mostly magnetite using sublevel caving. The crude ore is dumped du mped into underground ore passes for loading onto trucks or trains for hauling to a central crushing plant. The crushed ore is then hoisted to the surface for fur ther processing. processing. Underground dergroun d rail transport i n Kiruna is


remote-controlled, as are some other operations, for example, production drilling and loading. This degree of automation enables greater efficiency in process control. During the 1990s, Atlas Copco and LKAB developed a pioneering ful ly automatic autom atic long long hole production dr illi illing ng system using the Atlas Copco Simba W469 drill rigs. These rigs have since drilled about 8 million metres at the Kiruna and Malmberget mines. In 2005, LKAB ordered three new Atlas Copco Simba W6 C, to complement the Simba W469s W469s still in operation. These new Simbas, based on the latest generation computerized drilling technology, have met the expectations of the customer, and now form a base for future automation.

61

AUTOMATED LONGHOLE DRILLING WITH SIMBA AT LKAB

between the 775 m and 1,045 1,045 m levels. The mining rate i n 2007 is planned at 27.2 Mt of crude ore, rising to 29.6 Mt/y by 2009. The Malmberget mine consists of about 20 orebodies, of which ten are cur rently mined. Most of of the deposits are magnetite, but non-magnetic hematite also occurs. The present main level of the Malmberget mine is at a depth of 1,000 1,000 m. T he mining rate in 2007 is planned at 16.5 Mt of crude ore, subsub ject to mini ng approvals, with planned extraction extract ion rates of 17.1 17.1 Mt/y by 201 2012. 2.

Sublevel caving

Front view of Simba W6 C drilling in full fan automatic.

Kiruna and Malmberget The orebody in Kir una is a single, enormous slice of magnetite. It is about 4 km long, has an average width of 80 m, and extends to an estimated depth of

2,000 m. It is inclined at roughly 60 degrees. The main level is located on 1045 level, which is 1,045 m below surface level of the original mountain Kiirunavara. Mining of the orebody takes place

The automatic rod handling system with a capacity of 63 m of lon g holes.

62

Slices of ore are drilled upwards with remote-controlled remo te-controlled production dr illing rigs and these rigs are equipped with fan automation. From the control room, the oper ators (dri llers) operate several several drill rigs out in the production areas via remote control. The rig drills upwards into i nto the ore at 80 degrees f ront inclination, forming fanshaped patterns of holes. There are nominally 10 10 dril l holes in each fan. They are drilled from 15 m to 58 m in length. The holes are straight, so that subsequent charging with explosive and blasti blas ti ng can be done effe cti vely and efficiently. The drilling burden is usually 3 m, but in some pa rts of MalmMalm berget they use burden s of 3.5 m. In 2007, Kiruna is planning to drill 1 million m of production holes to produce approximately 27 Mt, while Malm berget is planning to drill 600,000 m to produce approximately 15 Mt of ore. Of the three Simba production drilling rigs purchased by LKAB in 2005, two are Simba W6 C rigs, designed for optimized production drilling at Kiruna, with Wassara ITH-W100 water hammers for nominally 115 115 mm diameter holes. The third rig, a Simba W6 C Slot, is specially designed to optimize up hole slot slot drilling dril ling at Malmberget, using 165 mm nominal diameter slot drilling equipment and the Wassara W120 ITH hammer. The Simba W6 C Slot rig has the ability to drill production holes holes around the slot, with the added benefit of drilling parallel rings from the same setup with a burden of 500 mm. LKAB demands high productivity, efficiency and accuracy from its mine



production d rill rigs. Automation Automa tion and the ability to remotely control the drill rigs is often an integral part of obtaining the drilling rates required. All LKAB production drill rigs r igs have magazines for sufficient rods or tubes to drill the required production hole lengths. A crane is always available to assist with changing out worn drill tubes and hammers to avoid heavy lifting.

Simba W6 C The Simba W6 C rigs are equipped with a rig control system specially designed for ITH applications. All units are equipped with Rig Remote Access via standard WLAN systems, which ena bles a number of functions such as a s remote supervision when drilling unmanned in full fan automation, as well as data transfer tra nsfer of drill plans and log files. If manual operation is preferred, the rig cabin offers a good working environment with vibration dampening and noise isolation. Compared to its predecessor, the Simba W469, W469, mobility has ha s been improved thanks to reduced rig length and a more powerful engine . This further reduces the drilling cycle. An important feature is the t he new water pump system, which increases the efficiency, reduces water spillage and lowers the overall cost. A new air venting system ensures longer pump life, and the pump pressure control has been modified to optimize ham mer efficiency. efficiency. Some special features of the Simba W6 C are: a reser ve hammer rack for four hammers; a place for reserve drill bits; a crane for heavy lifting; WLAN communication capacity; fan automation; tube magazine for 35 x 1.8 m long drill tubes for 63 m long holes; drill cuttings catcher; short rig length; robust construction; six cylinder motor; higher drilling capacity; accurate and easy set-up accuracy and ease of set-up; and automatic redesign of

Atlas Copco Simba W6 C at work.

the fan to planned hole ends, known as autospreading.

Drilling Drilli ng accuracy To achieve the demands for dr illing accuracy, with a hole deviation of less than 1%, it is important to select the best possible poss ible tool toolss for the ta task. sk. ITH pro pro-duces very straight holes, with an even penetration penetr ation rate throughout. throug hout. To To further fur ther improvee drilling improv drill ing accuracy, hammer and guide tubes are used, both equipped with a guide skirt.

Rotation and feed pressures, feed speed, and impact pressure all are factors in achieving the necessary drilling accuracy. With the Rig Control System (RCS) on the Atlas Copco drill rig it is possible

to optimize the feed pressure by using Rotation Pressure Controlled Feed (RPCF). This function uses the rotation pressure to read the process within the hole and adapt the feed pressure acac cordingly. The RCS gives a constant rotation pressure that keeps the tube joints joints tight, and creates an optimized penetration rate. The feed pressure on the Simba W6 C is automatically controlled by the RPCF and kept at the correct level at all times. Without this function there is an increased risk of hole deviation. Due to the advanced control by using the rotation pressure as a master, the system has the capability of adapting the parameter for feed pressure according to the rock conditions.

Wassara W100 hammer used for ITH drilling at Kiruna.


63


application. It supplies two sizes of hammer to the Simba W6 C: the W100 for production drilling, and the W120 for slot drilling in Malmberget. The W100 has a required water flow of 200-350 l/min at 180 bar. For production drill ing, a bit size of 115 115 mm is used, together a 102 mm diameter, 1.8 m long specialized tube string. str ing. The W120 W120 is used for slot holes, which require a larger 165 mm diameter bit size. Water consumption of the W120 is 450-500 450-500 l/min l/mi n at 160 bar. bar. The drill string st ring for slot drilling is the same as for production drilling.

Slot hole drilling

Slot drilled and ready as a free face for blasting.

To keep a balance between high penetration rate and hole deviation, the feed speed is held back if it exceeds a preset l imit. The level is adjust adjustable able to different ground conditions, and the feed speed also alerts the operator to the need for drill bit change. The impact pressu re in the hammer must be adjusted regularly, so that it suits both local ground conditions and bit selection. With the RCS impact control there is a continuous adjustment of the impact pressure to match the ground conditions and the condition of the hammer, optimizing drilling performance.

Wassara hammers ITH drilling can be carried carr ied out with with water driven hammer or ai r driven hammer. The water hammer achieves a very clean working environment when compared to air driven hammers, which release dust and lubricated air into the drifts. Since all of the production drilling is upwards, the water hammer was the natural choice. Wassara is an LKAB-owned com pa ny sp ec ia li ze d in wa wate te r ha mm er

64

The production stopes at Malmberget are opened using the slot drilling technique, due to its eff iciency and flexibility. First a pilot hole is drilled with a specialized pilot hammer with guide tube and guide skirts to maintain straightness. The pilot hammer is then replaced with the slot hammer, using a lifting crane mounted on the drill rig. r ig. Attached to the slot hammer is a guide tube that will guide the hammer from the previously drilled pilot hole. A complete slot contains 10 holes, around which a num ber of of blast blast hol holes es are drilled and blasted. blasted. All drilling operations are controlled from the cabin, in case of spalling rock. All cabins are equipped with air conditioning, CD player, swingable seat, and large wi ndows for for maximum visibility.

Automatic drilling At LKAB the Simba W6 C machines are working with the highest level of automation, ABC Total, which provides a full fan automatic drilling system with only some initial steps needed from the operator. Within the ABC Total package there is also t he possibility to drill manually or with one-hole automatics, if preferred. All three levels have built in safety interlocks during the whole process, allowing the operator to leave the machine while drilling is underway. Motion sensors detect any body entering enteri ng the restricted restr icted area while the machine is working under full automatics. The machines carry on d rilling unmanned duri ng shift change, lunch

break and night shift, sh ift, adding valuable drill metres.

Rig Remote Access With increase of automation and decrease of manning, there is a growing need for remote surveillance. Atlas Copco has developed an interface with the rigs called R ig Remote Access, RRA. With RR A the user can connect the drill rig to an existing network system via LAN or WLAN. In LKAB the RRA is used to transfer drill plans, log files and to handle messages coming from the rig control system. This system is a 3-D program able to map the whole coordinate system of the mine. The drill plans are stored in an RRA server, which is connected to the t he whole network system both on surface and underground. From the access points underground, all data is received and uploaded to the rigs. The access points also work in the opposite direction, when the machine sends out messages on the network. The messages are picked up from specified IP addresses, and can be read from a laptop or PC located anywhere on the network system. Messages from the r igs could be log files such as quality logs, Measure While Drilling MWD files, or alarm messages. The RRA can also be used to overview the drilli ng process on the cabin display.. This display Thi s Remote Display function funct ion can be used for surveillance of the drilling process. By using specified IP addresses, it is possible to open the display menus from any PC or laptop. With RRA, all data handling in the mine has been simplified, resulting in increased productivity. The drill rigs can also work unmanned, whilst being monitored from a remote location.

Acknowledgements Atlas Copco is grateful to the managemanagements at LKAB Kiruna and Malmberget mines for their assistance with this report, and their kind permission to publish. The original paper by P. Ericsson of Atlas Copco and C. Griffiths of LKAB has been edited to style and space.


PRODUCTION DRILL RIG OVERVIEW

Modular program with maximum flexibility Type 4 Positioning: Rotation, 380° Tilt forwards, 30° Tilt backwards, 30° Side movement, ±1.5 m with sliding table Extra side movement, ±0.75 m with pendulum arm

Type 3 Positioning: Rotation, 380° Tilt forwards, 30° Tilt backwards, 30° Side movement, ±1.5 m with sliding table

Type M COP 34,44,54,64 COP 1838ME/MEX

Type L

Alternative pendulum arm with 90° turned feedholder

COP 1838HE/HEX COP 2550UX COP 4050MUX

Typ M3/L3 ypee M3 Type 6 Positioning: Rotation, 380° Tilt forwards, 45° Tilt backwards, 30° Sideways, ±1.5 m

Type M4

Canopy Telescopic and FOPSapproved

Extra: Turn table ±20° Cabin with panoramic view and FOPS-approved

Engine module

Type 7 Positioning: Reach, 3.5 - 5.1 m Rotation, 360° Boom up, 45° Boom down, 15° Sideways, Sidew ays, ±35° Forwards, 90° Backwards, 10°

Type M6/L6

Front module

Rear module

Type M7

7 0 0 2 G R E B M L O H A

Power pack

© Atlas Copco 2003

The Simba M- and L-series production drilling rigs represent a concept that makes the drilling unit easier to run and more mor e productive to use. “Drilling with precision” has been our motto and objective for both the mecha mechanical nical solutions and the electronic control system. Mechanical components and electronics represent the absolute best available, which is no small claim. And the Rig Control System (RCS) adds extendable intelligence. The endresults is a fleet of Simba rigs with the dynamic exibility to solve not just today’s needs but also tomorrow’s.

The M-series are tophammer production drilling rigs with RCS for high productivity and precision. Hole diameter range 51-102 51-102 mm and hole depth up to 51 m with Rod Handling System. Equipped with the well proven rock drill COP 1800-series (51-89) or COP 2550UX (89-102). Availabl Available e in four configurations M3 C, M4 C, M6 C and M7 C.

With four different drill units, three feed lengths, six tophammer rock drills, a number of ITH hammers and an extensive options program, we are able to offer the right Simba for every application. Each Simba rig is designed to be dismantled into its main components for ease of lowering into narrow shafts.

The L-series are tophammer production drilling rigs with RCS for high productivity and precision. Hole diameter range 89-127 mm and hole depth up to 51 m with Rod Handling System. Equipped with the well proven rock drill COP 4050MUX. Available Available in two configurations, L3 C and L6 C.

The M-series are also available with ITH hammers COP 34, 44, 54 and 64 for hole diameter range 92-178 mm. Available Available in three configurations, M3 C-ITH, M4 C-ITH and M6 C-ITH. Hole depth up to 66 m with Rod Handling System.

Visit www.atlascopco.com/cmt for more information PRODUCTION DRILLING IN UNDERGROUND MINING

65

PRODUCTION DRILL RIG OVERVIEW

1500 (PH)


Dimensions in mm


o

5 1 9 4

Simba, type 3

3 0

R 2 9 7 0 ( R D )

) 0 n o 0 i 9 s ( n 0 e t 0 x 2 e 1 d e e F

3 0 0 o

380o 5 2 8 1

(valid for feed BMH 216X and top hammer equipped with extractor)

150 7440

Stinger extension 2000

Type M3

3000 (PH)

RD = Ring d rilling PH = Parallel holes

Dimensionsion mm

Stinger extension 0 0 5 0 1 9 1

750 1500

0 5 0 1 6 9 4 4

Simba, type 4

R 2 9 7 0 ( R D R 2 7 ) 79 0 9 0 ( P PH ) H )

o

3 0

750

) n 0 o 0 i 9 s ( n

3 0 0 o

0 e t 0 x 2 e 1

1 5 0 0 ( P H )

380o

d e e F

5 2 8 1


150 7440

Stinger extension Stingerextension 2000

Type M4

3000 (PH)

RD = Ring drilling drillin g PH = Parallel holes

Dimensions in mm

Stinger extension extension 0 0 5 0 1 9 1

o

0 5 6 0 5 0 0 5

Simba, type 6 (valid for feed BMH 246X and top hammer equipped with extractor)

R 4 8 8 0 ( R D )

3 0

o

4 5

380o

0 8 7 2

150 8520 Stinger extension extension 2000

Type M6

850 Stinger extension extension

0 0 7

1200 (900) Feed extension extension 0 5 1 1

0 4 1 6

0 0 6 1

10

0 5 8 7

o

90o

25

Dimensions with 45o boom-lift 25o boom-swing

35o

Simba, type 7

Parallell rallell holes with 0o boom-lift 35o boom-swing Coverage rage area area 1100 x4690 mm Dimensions with 0o boom-lif t 35o boom-swing

o

45o

66

4 5 o o

4 5 5 o

R D ) 6 0 ( R 76 R 2 7

Dimensions in mm


Feed ex tension 1200 (900)

360o

0 0 9

150

Type M7

2000 Stinger extension extension 3900

1600


DRILL RIG SPECIFICATION

Simba 157 900

2 4 ° ) ( 2

55.5° 0 9 6 0 2 9 9 1

± 114°

360°

SIMBAH157

46.5°

965

1535

1150

2635

1150

All dimensions in mm

7435

Compact production drilling rig with hydraulic tophammer rock drill and Direct Control System, DCS. Provides a basic, efficient and productive long hole drilling solution for narrow vein applications. Ring drilling with parallel holes up to 3.5 m apart. Maximum reach and flexibility achieved with the BUT 4 boom. Ideal for cable bolt holes but also ordinary production drilling. Hole diameter 51–76 mm depending on rock drill type.

Features • High dril drilling ling capa capacity city wit with h basic basic func function tions s suc such h as feed force control by RPCF and anti-jamming. Manually adjusted feed force from the operator’s panel. • Rod hand handling ling is done done from a swing swing out pane panell mounte mounted d on the boom. Drilling controls are located at the platform under the protection roof for operator safety. • Roc Rock k drill drill,, COP COP 1800-ser 1800-series ies • Angl Angle e readin reading g instr instrumen umentt ARI 157 • Stin Stingers gers moun mounted ted on the the posit positioni ioning ng unit unit gives a sturdy sturdy set up with less possible hole deviation • Mine adap adapted ted car carrier rier wit with h high high groun ground d cleara clearance, nce, articulated steering and four wheel drive for easy manoeuvring in narrow drifts and steep ramps • Comp Compact act tran transpo sport rt dime dimensi nsions ons • FOPS FOPS-app -approv roved ed teles telescop copic ic prote protecti ction on roof roof • Elec Electric trically ally drive driven n compr compress essor or for for roc rock k drill drill lubri lubricati cation on

Main specifications Simba 157 Rock drill Feed Boom BUT 4B Angle reading instrument Stinger backward on feed Power pack Drilling system Length tramming Width Height tramming Turning radius Gross weight (basic rig+RHS)

• Hydrauli Hydraulicall cally y driven driven wat water er boos booster ter pum pump p for for high high flushing capacity • Cabl Cable e reel reel and and colle collecto ctorr

Main optional equipment • • • • • •

Water mist mist ushing, external water and air Rock Roc k drill lubrication warning warning kit Extractor unit (back (back hammering) Central lubrication system Rig alignment laser Fire suppression system, system, Ansul or Forrex Forrex

Visit www.atlascopco.com/cmt for more information

Working range Simba 157 1 x COP 1838ME 1 x BMH 2,30 0/2,80 0 1 x 90 0 mm extension 1 x ARI 157C 1 x 1,380 mm extension 1 x 55 kW DCS 9,460 mm

1,360 mm 1,990 mm 4,40 0/2,485 mm app. 9,500 kg


mensos in mm 1500 Feed extension

( 2 2 4 4° ° )

900

0 2 4 3 R

3 7 0 0

4 0 R 2 3

0 1 9 4

o 3 0

55°

3 0 o

± 114°

175

2635

900

360°

1380 Stingerextension

67


Simba 1257

0 0 8 2 0 0 1 2

2060

1350

1350 7365

Compact production drilling rig with hydraulic tophammer rock drill. Direct Control System, DCS. Provides a basic, efficient and productive long hole drilling solution for narrow narrow vein applications. Ring drilling with parallel parallel holes up to 5.7 m apart. Maximum reach and flexibility achieved with the BUT 32 boom. Ideal for cable bolt holes but also ordinary production drilling. Hole diameter 51– 89 mm depending on rock drill type.

Features • High drilling capacity with basic functions functions such such as feed force control by RPCF and anti-jamming. Manually adjusted feed force from the operator’ operator’s s panel. • Drilling, positioning and and rod handling controls controls are located at the platform under the protection roof roof for operator safety • Angle reading instrument instrument ARI 1257 • Rod Handling System, System, RHS 10 10 • Roc Rock k drill, COP 1800-series • Stingers mounted on the positioning positioning unit gives a sturdy set up with less possible possible hole deviation • Mine adapted carrier carrier with high ground clearance, articulated steering and four wheel drive for easy easy manoeuvring in narrow drifts and steep ramps • Compact transport transport dimensions • FOPS-approved telescopic telescopic protection protection roof • Electrically driven compressor compressor for rock rock drill lubrication

Main specifications Simba 1257 Rock drill Feed Boom BUT 32 PD Stinger backward on feed Power pack Drilling system Length tramming Length (with BMH 6804) Width Height tramming Turning radius Gross weight (basic rig+RHS)

68


• Hydraulically driven water water booster pump for for high flushing capacity • Cable reel and collector

Main optional equipment • • • • • • •

Water mist mist ushing Rock Roc k drill lubrication warning warning kit Extractor unit (back (back hammering) hammering) Automatic or central central lubrication system system for the boom Rig alignment laser Fire suppression system, system, Ansul or Forrex Forrex Rig washing kit


Working range Simba 1257 1 x COP 1838 ME 1 x BMHP 6,804/6,805/6,806 1 x 1,250 mm extension 1 x 1,380 mm extension 1 x 1x55 kW DCS 9,60 0 mm 8,805 2,000 mm

2,10 0 mm 4,90 0/2,70 0 mm app. 12,000 kg

Dimensios in mm 900 Feed extension

4 0 4 R 4

( 2 24 ° 4 ° )

5 0 1 2

6 0 1 5 4 7 5 7 *

0 R 2 8 4

0 5 1 6

* parallel coverage

o 3 5

3 5 o

55° ± 114°

175

2605

1250

360°

1380 Stinger extension



Simba 1250-series 20o Simba 1254 Simba 1253

80o 0 0 7

1915

0 0 2 2

0 7 6 1

1990

1350

1350

Simba 1252

1960

6580 (BMH 254)

Production drilling rigs with hydraulic tophammer rock drill. Electric Direct System, EDS, provides a basic, efficient and productive long hole drilling solution. Ring drilling with parallel holes upwards/downwards and in the side walls. Three different positioning unit configurations to match the user’s need. Hole diameter 51–89 (102) mm depending on rock drill type. Hole depth up to 33 m, with RHS 17.

Features • Electric Direct System, System, EDS. High drilling capacity with with basic functions such as semi-automatic drilling and anti-jamming included. Manually adjusted feed force from the operator’s panel. Digital movements on the drilling unit controlled by switches on a separate positioning panel. Trolley Trolley mounted control panel for exible operator environment. • Rod Handling System, System, RHS 17 • Roc Rock k drill, COP 1800-series or or the COP 2550 UX for for larger hole range and tougher rock conditions • Simba 1252, ring drilling with parallel holes upwards/ upwards/ downwards and in the side walls up to 1.5 m apart • Simba 1253, ring drilling with parallel holes upwards/ upwards/ downwards up to 1.5 m apart • Simba 1254, ring drilling with parallel holes upwards/ upwards/ downwards up to 3 m apart and in the side walls up to 1.5 m apart

Main specifications Simba 1250-series Rock drill Feed Rotary actuator Slide table Stinger backward on feed holder Drill steel support Pendulum arm Drilling system Length tramming (BMH 254) Width -2/-3/-4 Height tr tramming -2 -2/-3/-4 Height roof up Turning radius Gross weight (basic rig+RHS)

1 x COP 1838ME 1 x BMH 214/215/216 1 x BHR 30 1 x BHT 15 (Simba 1253 and 1254) 1 x BSJ8-115E BSH 55 BHP 10 (Simba 1252 and 1254) EDS 6,580 mm 2,000/2,380/2,380 mm 2,660/2,770/2,810 mm mm 2,90 0 mm 5,10 0/2,50 0-2,70 0 mm app. 12,500 kg



1810

• Stingers mounted on the positioning positioning unit gives a sturdy set up with less possible hole deviation • Mine adapted carrier carrier with high ground ground clearance, articulated steering and four wheel drive for easy manoeuvring in narrow drifts and steep ramps. • FOPS approved telescopic telescopic protection protection roof • Electrically driven compressor compressor for rock rock drill lubrication • Electrically driven water water booster pump for for high flushing capacity • Cable reel and collector

Main optional equipment • • • • • • • • • •

Rock drill lubrication warning Rock warning kit Angle reading instrument instrument Hole depth measurement measurement Water mist mist ushing Extractor unit (back (back hammering) Automatic or central central lubrication system system for the positioning positioning and drilling unit. Rig alignment laser Fire suppression system, system, Ansul or Forrex Forrex Rig washing kit Stinger forward on on feed, BSJ 8-115


Working range Simba 1250-series Simba 1252 750

750

Simba 1253 5 4 9

1500

0 5 1 1

o

750

5 3 2

1500 2000

750

o

o

45

45

0 5 3 1

0 5 1 1

5 3 2

1500

5 4 9 0 5 1 1

45

0 5 3 1

150 0

0 5 1 1

o

45

0 5 1 1

Simba 1254

5 4 9

0 5 3 1

0 5 1 1

5 3 2

800

1500

2000

2000

2380

2380

800

69


Simba 1350-series 20º

65º

0 0 7

0 8 1 3

0 6 2 2

5 4 8 1

2304

1555 1500 7815−8209 (with BMH 214)

Production drilling rigs with hydraulic top hammer rock drill. Electric Direct System, EDS. Provides a basic, efficient and productive long hole drilling solution. Ring drilling with parallel holes upwards/downwards and in the side walls. Three different positioning unit configurations to match the user’s need. Hole diameter 51– 89 (102) mm depending on rock drill type. Hole depth up to 51 m, with optional RHS 27.

Features • Electric Direct System, EDS. High High drilling capacity with with basic functions such as semi-automatic drilling and anti-jamming included. Manually adjusted feed force from the operator’s panel. Digital movements on the drilling unit controlled by switc switches hes on a separate positioning panel. Trolley Trolley mounted control panel for exible operator environment. • Rod Handling System, System, RHS 17 • Roc Rock k drill, COP 1800 series or the COP 2550 UX for for larger hole range and tougher rock conditions conditions • Simba 1352, ring drilling drilling with parallel holes upwards/ upwards/ downwards and in the side walls up to 1.5 m apart • Simba 1353, ring drilling drilling with parallel holes upwards/ upwards/ downwards up to 1.5 m apart • Simba 1354, ring drilling drilling with parallel holes upwards/ upwards/ downwards up to 3 m apart and in the side walls up to 1.5 m apart

Main specifications Simba 1350-series Rock drill Feed Rotary actuator Slide table Stinger backward on feed Stinger forward on feed Drill steel support Pendulum arm Drilling system Length tramming (BMH 214) Width Height tramming Height roof up Turning radius Gross weight (basic rig+RHS)

70

1 x COP 1838ME 1 x BMH 214/215/216 1 x BHR 60-2 1 x BHT 150 (Simba 1353 and 1354) 1 x BSJ8-200 1 x BSJ8-115 BSH 55 BHP 150 (Simba 1352 and 1354) EDS 7,815-8,209 mm 1,950/2,380 mm 3,180 mm 2,960 mm 5,440/2,890 mm app. 15,000 kg

2301 Simba 1354 All dimensions in mm

• Stingers mounted on the the feed beam gives a sturdy set up with less possible hole deviation • Mine adapted carrier carrier with high ground ground clearance, articulated steering and four wheel drive for easy manoeuvring in narrow drifts and steep ramps. • FOPS approved telescopic telescopic protection protection roof • Electrically driven compressor compressor for rock rock drill lubrication • Electrically driven water water booster pump for high flushing capacity • Cable reel and collector collector

Main optional equipment • • • • • • • • • • •

Rock drill lubrication warning Rock warning kit Angle reading instrument instrument Hole depth measurement measurement Rod handling system, RHS RHS 27 Waterr mist ushing Wate Extractor unit (back (back hammering) Automatic or central central lubrication system system for the positioning positioning and drilling unit. Rig alignment alignment laser Fire suppression system, system, Ansul or Forrex Forrex Rig washing washing kit Waterr hose reel Wate


Working range Simba 1350-series 750

1500

5 4 9

750

0 5 1 1

45º

45º

5 5 2

1950 2380 0 0 0 2

2430

Simba 1354



Simba M3 C

0 6 0 3 0 6 3 2

2900

Production drilling rig with hydraulic tophammer rock drill. Rig Control System, RCS, provides efficient, productive and high precision long hole drilling. Ring drilling with parallel holes upwards/downwards up to 1.5 m apart. Hole diameter 51– 89 (102) mm depending on rock drill type. Hole depth up to 51 m, with optional RHS 27.

Features • RCS with interactive interactive operators control panel. Ergonomic design. Proportional movements in the levers for smooth and precise positioning. Integrated statistics, statistics, diagnostics diagnostics and and log data. data. Up to five different pre-set settings of drilling parameters. PCMCIA-card interface for transfer of drill plans, log files and storage of parameter files for optimal drill settings. Trolley mounted control control panel for exible operators environment. • Rod Handling System, System, RHS 17 • Roc Rock k drill, COP 1800-series or or the COP 2550UX for for larger hole range and tougher rock rock conditions • Stingers mounted directly directly on the feed beam gives a sturdy set up with less possible hole deviation and less stress on the drilling unit • Mine adapted carrier carrier with high ground ground clearance, articulated steering and four wheel drive for easy easy manoeuvring in narrow drifts and steep ramps • Turbo charged charged water cooled diesel engine with catalys catalyser er • ABC Basic with with semi automatic drilling drilling and angle reading instrument

Main specifications Simba M3 C Rock drill Feed Rotary actuator Slide table Stinger backward on feed Stinger forward on feed Power pack Drilling system Length tramming Width Height tramming/roof up Turning radius Gross weight (basic rig+RHS)

2500 3000

3740


• FOPS-approved telescopic telescopic protection protection roof • Hydrau Hydraulically lically driven compres compressor sor for for rock rock drill drill lubricatio lubrication n • Hydraulically driven water water booster pump for for high flushing capacity • Cable reel and collector • Smart oil leakage shut-down shut-down and distributed distributed hydraulics at the drilling unit

Main optional equipment • FOPS-approved cabin • ABC Regular, Regular, one hole automatics • ABC Total, full fan automatics, automatics, including Full Full Drill Data Handling Handling and Breakthrough Automatic Stop • Full Drill Data Data Handling, including including DPH and MWD MWD • Drill Plan Handling, Handling, DPH • Vo Void id detection, VD • Breakthrough Automatic Stop, Stop, BAS • Rig Remote Remote Access, Access, RRA • Rod handling system, system, RHS 27 • Water mist mist ushing • Extractor unit (back (back hammering) hammering) for COP 1800-series • Bit changer changer • Automatic or central central lubrication system system for the positioning positioning and drilling unit • Rig alignment laser laser • Fire suppression system, system, Ansul or Forrex Forrex - manual, check check re or or automatic • Water hose hose reel • Turntable +/- 20°


Working range Simba M3 C 1 x COP 1838ME 1 x BMH 214, 215, 216 1 x BHR 60-2 1 x BHT 150 1 x BSJ8-200 1 x BSJ8-150 2 x 55 kW RCS 10,50 0 mm 2,350 mm 2,875/2,965 mm 6,30 0/3,80 0 mm app. 18,000 kg


A RD = Ring drilling PH = Parallel holes

1500 (PH)

Dimensions in mm


o

5 1 9 4

3 0

R 2 9 7 0 ( R D )

3 0 0 o

) 0 n o 0 i 9 s ( n e 0 t 0 x 2 e 1 d e e F

380o 5 2 8 1

150 7440 A-A


71


Simba M4 C

0 6 0 3 0 6 3 2

2700 290 0

3740

Production drilling rig with hydraulic tophammer rock drill. Rig Control System, RCS, provides efficient, productive productiv e and high precision long hole drilling. Ring drilling with parallel holes up to 1.5 m apart in the side walls and up to 3 m apart upwards/downwards. Hole diameter 51– 89 (102) mm depending on rock drill type. Hole depth up to 51 m, with optional RHS 27.

Features • Rig Control Control System, System, RCS with with interact interactive ive operators operators control panel. Ergonomic design. Proportional movements in the levers for smooth and precise positioning Integrated statistics, diagnostics and log data. Up to five different pre-set settings of drilling parameters PCMCIA-card interface for transfer of drill plans, log files and storage of parameter files for optimal drill settings. Trolley mounted control panel for exible operators environment. • Rod Handling System, System, RHS 17 • Roc Rock k drill, COP 1800-series or the COP 2550UX for for larger hole range and tougher rock conditions • Stingers mounted directly directly on the feed beam gives a sturdy set up with less possible hole deviation and less stress on the drilling unit • Mine adapted carrier carrier with high ground ground clearance, articulated steering and four wheel drive for easy manoeuvring in narrow drifts and steep ramps • Turbo charged charged wate waterr cooled cooled diesel diesel engine engine with with catalyser catalyser • ABC Basic with with semi automatic drilling drilling and angle reading instrument

Main specifications Simba M4 C Rock drill Feed Rotary actuator Slide table Pendulum arm Stinger backward on feed Stinger forward on feed Power pack Drilling system Length tramming Width Height tramming/roof up Turning radius Gross weight (basic rig+RHS)

72

320 0


• FOPS-approved telescopic telescopic protection protection roof • Hydrau Hydraulically lically driven compres compressor sor for for rock rock drill lubric lubrication ation • Hydraulically driven water water booster pump for for high flushing capacity • Cable reel and collector • Smart oil leakage shut-down shut-down and distributed distributed hydraulics at the drilling unit

Main optional equipment • FOPS-approved FOPS-approved cabin • ABC Regular, Regular, one hole automatics • ABC Total, full fan automatics, automatics, including Full Full Drill Data Handling Handling and Breakthrough Automatic Stop • Full Drill Data Data Handling, including including DPH and MWD MWD • Drill Plan Handling, Handling, DPH • Vo Void id detection, VD • Breakthrough Automatic Stop, Stop, BAS • Rig Remote Remote Access, Access, RRA • Rod handling system, RHS 27 • Water mist mist ushing • Extractor unit (back (back hammering) hammering) for COP 1800-series • Automatic or central central lubrication system system for the positioning positioning and drilling unit • Rig alignment laser • Fire suppression system, system, Ansul or Forrex Forrex - manual, check check re or or automatic • Water hose hose reel • Turntable +/- 20°


Working range Simba M4 C 1 x COP 1838ME 1 x BMH 214, 215, 216 1 x BHR 60-2 1 x BHT 150 1 x BHP 150 1 x BSJ8-200 1 x BSJ8-150 2 x 55 kW RCS 10,80 0 mm 2,350 mm 2,875/2,965 mm 6,30 0/3,80 0 mm app. 20,000 kg


3000 (PH)

Dimensions in mm


750 1500

0 5 0 1 6 9 4 4

R 2 9 7 0 ( R D R 2 7 ) 79 0 9 0 ( P PH ) H

o

3 0

750

) 0 n o 0 i 9 s ( n

3 0 0 o

e 0 t 0 x 2 e 1

1 5 0 0 ( P H )

380o

d e e F

5 2 8 1

150 7440


A-A

M4

A



Simba M6 C

0 5 0 3

Illustration shows rig with optional equipment mounted

2025 290 0

3740

Production drilling rig with hydraulic tophammer rock drill. Rig Control System, RCS, provides efficient, productive and high precision long hole drilling. Ring drilling with parallel holes upwards/downwards upwards/downwards up to 3 m apart. Hole diameter 51– 89 (102) mm depending on rock drill type. Hole depth up to 51 m, with optional RHS 27.

Features • Proportional Proportional movements in the the levers for smooth and precise positioning. Integrated statistics, diagnostics and log data. Up to five different pre-set settings of drilling parameters. PCMCIA-card interface for transfer of drill plans, log files and storage of parameter files for optimal drill settings. • Rod Handling System, System, RHS 17 • Roc Rock k drill, COP 1800-series or or the COP 2550UX for for larger hole range and tougher rock conditions • Stingers mounted directly directly on the feed beam gives a sturdy set up with less possible hole deviation and less stress on the drilling unit • Mine adapted carrier carrier with high ground ground clearance, articulated steering and four wheel drive for easy manoeuvring in narrow drifts and steep ramps • Turbo charged charged water cooled diesel engine with catalys catalyser er • ABC Basic with with semi automatic drilling drilling and angle reading instrument • FOPS-approved telescopic telescopic protection protection roof • Hydrau Hydraulically lically driven compres compressor sor for for rock rock drill drill lubrication lubrication Main specifications Simba M6 C Rock drill Feed Rotary actuator I-frame with pendulum arm Stinger backward on feed Stinger forward on feed Power pack Drilling system Length tramming Width Height tramming Turning radius Gross weight (basic rig+RHS)

3770


• Hydraulically driven water water booster pump for high flushing capacity • Cable reel and collector collector • Smart oil leakage shut-down shut-down and distributed distributed hydraulics hydraulics at the drilling unit • I-frame attached attached positioning and drilling drilling unit for high visibility and safety for operator when working under FOPS-approved roof

Main optional equipment • FOPS-approved FOPS-approved cabin • ABC Regular, Regular, one one hole automatics • ABC Total, full fan autom automatics, atics, including Full Full Drill Data Handling Handling and Breakthrough Automatic Stop • FOPS-approve FOPS-approved d cabin • Full Drill Data Data Handling, including including DPH and MWD MWD • Drill Plan Handling, Handling, DPH • Void detection, VD • Breakthrough Automatic Stop, Stop, BAS • Rig Remote Remote Access, Access, RRA • Rod handling system, RHS RHS 27 • Wate Waterr mist ushing • Extractor unit (back (back hammering) for for COP 1800-series • Automatic or central central lubrication system system for the positioning positioning and drilling unit • Rig alignment alignment laser • Fire suppression system, system, Ansul or Forrex Forrex - manual, check check re or automatic • Wate Waterr hose reel • Remote operating operating kit. Line Of Sight, LOS LOS

Visit www.atlascopco.com/cmt for more information Working range Simba M6 C

1 x COP 1838ME 1 x BMH 214, 215, 216 1 x BHR 60-2 ±1,5 m 1 x BSJ8-200 1 x BSJ8-150 2 x 55 kW RCS 10,40 0 mm 2,210 mm 3,20 0 mm 6,750/3,80 0 mm app. 22,000 kg



3000 (PH)

Dimensions in mm


o

0 5 6 0 5 0 0 5

R 4 8 8 0 ( R D )

R D ) 6 0 ( R 76 R 2 7

3 0

o

4 5

Feed extension 1200 (900) 4 5 o

4 5 5 o

380o

0 8 7 2

150 8520 A-A


73


Simba M7 C

0 5 0 3

2900

3740


4000 11560

Production drilling rig with hydraulic tophammer rock drill. Rig Control System, RCS, provides efficient, productive and high precision long hole drilling. Drilling unit is mounted on a BUT 35 boom for maximum reach and flexibility. Ring drilling with parallel holes upwards/ downwards up to 5.5 m apart. Hole diameter 51– 89 (102) mm. Hole depth up to 51 m, with optional RHS 27.

Features • Rig Control System, System, RCS with interactive interactive operators control panel. Ergonomic design. Propor Proportional tional movements in the levers for for smooth and precise precise positioning. positioning. Integrated statistics, diagnostics and log data. Up to five different pre-set settings of drilling parameters. PCMCIA-card interface for transfer of drill plans, log files and storage of parameter files for optimal drill settings. • Rod Handling System, System, RHS 17 • Roc Rock k drill, COP 1800-series or or the COP 2550 UX for for larger hole range and tougher rock conditions • Stinger mounted directly directly on the feed beam gives a sturdy set up with less possible hole deviation and less stress on the drilling unit • Mine adapted carrier carrier with high ground clearance, articulated steering and four wheel drive for easy manoeuvring in narrow drifts and steep ramps • Turbo charged charged wate waterr cooled cooled diesel diesel engine engine with with catalyze catalyzerr • ABC Basic with semi automatic drilling drilling and angle reading instrument • FOPS-approved telescopic telescopic protection protection roof Main specifications Simba M7 C Rock drill Feed Rotary actuator Boom BUT 35BB Stinger backward on feed Stinger forward on feed Power pack Drilling system Length tramming Width Height tramming Turning radius Gross weight (basic r ig+RHS)

74


• Hydraulically Hydraulically driven compres compressor sor for for rock rock drill lubric lubrication ation • Hydraulically driven water water booster pump for for high flushing capacity • Cable reel and collector • Smart oil leakage shut-down shut-down and distributed distributed hydraulics at the drilling unit • Boom mounted positioning positioning and drilling unit. High High visibility and safety for operator when working under FOPS-approved roof

Main optional equipment • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

FOPS-approved cabin FOPS-approved ABC Regular, Regular, one hole automatics Cabin lift and tilt system Boom Alignment Laser, Laser, BAL BAL Full Drill Data Data Handling, including including DPH and MWD MWD Drill Plan Handling, Handling, DPH Void Vo id Detection, VD Breakthrough Automatic Stop, Stop, BAS Remote operating operating kit. Line Of Sight, Sight, LOS LOS Rig Remote Remote Access, Access, RRA Rod Handling Handling System, RHS 27 Water mist mist ushing Extractor unit (back (back hammering) hammering) for COP 1800-series Automatic or central central lubrication system system for the positioning positioning and drilling unit Rig alignment laser Fire suppression system, system, Ansul or Forrex Forrex - manual, check check re or or automatic Water hose hose reel Remote operating operating kit. Line Of Sight, Sight, LOS LOS

Visit www.atlascopco.com/cmt for more information Working range Simba M7 C

1 x COP 1838ME 1 x BMH 214, 215, 216 1 x BHR 30 1 x 1 60 0 mm extension 1 x BSJ8-200 1 x BSJ8-115 1 x 2x55 kW RCS 11,70 0 mm 2,210 mm 2,920 mm 6,250/3,80 0 mm app. 21,000 kg

Dimensions in mm

850 Stinger extension 1200 (900) Feed extension

Parallell holes with 0o boom-lift 35o boom-swing Coverage area 1100x4690 mm 5 0 1 1

0 0 7

0 4 1 6

0 0 6 1 o

1 0 0 5 8 7

90o

25o

45o

35o 360o Dimensions with 45o boom-lift 25o boom-swing

150

2000 Stinger extension 3900

Dimensions with 0o boom-lift 35o boom-swing

0 0 9

1600



Simba L3 C

0 6 0 3 0 6 3 2

2900

Production drilling rig with hydraulic tophammer rock drill. Rig Control System, RCS, provides efficient, productive and high precision long hole drilling. Ring drilling with parallel holes upwards/downwards up to 1.5 m apart. Hole diameter 89 –127 mm. Hole depth up to 51 m, with optional RHS 27.

Features • Rig Control System, System, RCS with interactive interactive operators control panel. Ergonomic design. Propor Proportional tional movements in the levers for smooth and precise positioning. Integrated statistics, diagnostics and log data. Up to five different pre-set settings settings of drilling parameters. PCMCIA-card interface for transfer of drill plans, log files and storage of parameter files for optimal drill settings.Trolley mounted control panel for exible operators environment. • Rod Handling System, System, RHS 17 • Roc Rock k drill, COP 4050MUX 4050MUX • Stingers mounted directly directly on the feed beam gives a sturdy set up with less possible hole deviation and less stress on the drilling unit • Mine adapted carrier carrier with high ground ground clearance, articulated steering and four wheel drive for easy manoeuvring in narrow drifts and steep ramps • Turbo charged charged water cooled diesel engine with with catalyzer • ABC Basic with with semi automatic drilling drilling and angle reading instrument • FOPS-approved telescopic telescopic protection protection roof

Main specifications Simba L3 C Rock drill Feed Rotary actuator Slide table Stinger backward on feed Stinger forward on feed Power pack Drilling system Length tramming Width Height tramming/roof up Turning radius Gross weight (basic rig+RHS)

2550 3000

3740


• Hydraulically driven compressor compressor for rock rock drill lubrication • Hydraulically driven water water booster pump for for high flushing capacity • Cable reel and collector • Smart oil leakage leakage shut-down shut-down and distributed distributed hydraulics hydraulics at the drilling unit

Main optional equipment • FOPS-approved FOPS-approved cabin • ABC Regular, Regular, one hole automatics • ABC Total, full fan automatics, automatics, including Full Full Drill Data Handling Handling and Breakthrough Automatic Stop • Full Drill Data Data Handling, including including DPH and MWD MWD • Drill Plan Handling, Handling, DPH • Vo Void id Detection, VD • Breakthrough Automatic Stop, Stop, BAS • Rig Remote Remote Access, Access, RRA • Rod Handling Handling System, RHS 27 • Water mist mist ushing • Bit changer changer • Automatic or central central lubrication system system for the positioning positioning and drilling unit • Rig alignment laser • Fire suppression system, system, Ansul or Forrex Forrex - manual, check check re or automatic • Water hose hose reel • Turntable +/- 20°


Working range Simba L3 C 1 x COP 4050MUX 1 x BMH 244, 245, 246 1 x BHR 60-2 1 x BHT 150 1 x BSJ8-200 1 x BSJ8-150 2 x 75 kW RCS 10,50 0 mm 2,350 mm 2,875/2,965 mm 6,30 0/3,80 0 mm app. 21,000 kg



1500 (PH)

Dimensions in mm


n

o

5 1 9 4

R 2 9 7 0 ( R D )

3 0

3 0 0

o

) o 0 i 0 s 9 n ( e 0 t 0 x 2 e 1

d e e F

o

380

5 2 8 1

150 7440 L3


A-A

A

75


Simba L6 C

0 5 0 3


2010 290 0

3740

Production drilling rig with hydraulic tophammer rock drill. Rig Control System, RCS, provides efficient, productive and high precision long hole drilling. Ring drilling with parallel holes upwards/downwards up to 3 m apart. Hole diameter 89–127 mm. Hole depth up to 51 m, with optional RHS 27.

Features • Rig Control System, System, RCS with interactive interactive operators control panel. Ergonomic design. Propor Proportional tional movements in the levers for smooth and precise positioning. Integrated statistics, diagnostics and log data. Up to five different pre-set settings settings of drilling parameters. PCMCIA-card interface for transfer of drill plans, log files and storage of parameter files for optimal drill settings. • Rod Handling System, System, RHS 17 • Roc Rock k drill, COP 4050MUX 4050MUX • Stingers mounted directly directly on the feed beam gives a sturdy set up with less possible hole deviation and less stress on the drilling unit • Mine adapted carrier carrier with high ground clearance, articulated steering and four wheel drive for easy manoeuvring in narrow drifts and steep ramps • Turbo charged charged water cooled cooled diesel engine with with catalyzer • ABC Basic with semi automatic drilling drilling and angle reading instrument • FOPS-approved telescopic telescopic protection protection roof • Hydrau Hydraulically lically driven compres compressor sor for for rock rock drill drill lubrication lubrication Main specifications Simba L6 C Rock drill Feed Rotary actuator I-frame with pendulum arm Stinger backward on feed Stinger forward on feed Power pack Drilling system Length tramming Width Height tramming Height Turning radius Gross weight (basic rig+RHS)

76

3770


• Hydraulically driven water water booster pump pump for high flushing capacity • Cable reel and collector collector • Smart oil oil leakage shut-down shut-down and distributed distributed hydraulics hydraulics at the drilling unit • I-frame attached attached positioning and drilling drilling unit. High visibility and safety for operator when working under FOPS-approved roof

Main optional equipment • FOPS-approved cabin • ABC Regular, Regular, one hole automatics • ABC Total, full fan automatics, automatics, including Full Full Drill Data Handling Handling and Breakthrough Automatic Stop • FOPS-approved cabin • Full Drill Data Handling, including including DPH and MWD MWD • Drill Plan Handling, Handling, DPH • Voi Void d Detection, VD • Breakthrough Automatic Stop, Stop, BAS • Rig Remote Remote Access, Access, RRA • Rod Handling System, RHS RHS 27 • Water mist mist ushing • Extractor unit (back (back hammering) COP 4050 MUX MUX • Bit changer changer • Automatic or central central lubrication system system for the positioning and drilling unit • Rig alignment laser laser • Fire suppression system, system, Ansul Ansul or Forrex Forrex - manual, check check re re or automatic • Water hose hose reel • Remote operating operating kit, Line of sight sight (LOS)

Visit www.atlascopco.com/cmt for more information Working range Simba L6 C

1 x COP 4050MUX 1 x BMH 244, 245, 246 1 x BHR 60-2 ±1.5 m 1 x BSJ8-200 1 x BSJ8-150 2 x 75 kW RCS 10,40 0 mm 2,210 mm 3,20 0 mm 3,20 0 mm 6,30 0/3,800 mm app. 23,000 kg

A


3000 (PH)

Dimensions in mm


Feed extension 1200 (900)

o

0 5 6 0 5 0 0 5

R 4 8 8 0 ( R D )

R D ) ( R R 2 7 6 0

3 0

o

4 5

4 5 o

4 5 5 o

380o

0 8 7 2

150 8520


A-A

L6

A



Cabletec LC

5236

(5109)

4003

www.atlascopco.com

3 0 3 1 5 4 3 0 2

3 9 2

° 2 . 2 1

1 0 9 1 . 5 9 °

3 4 6

2090

1490

180 0

2200 14042

143

897


Cable bolting rig with two boom system, enabling concurrent drilling and cable installation. The Rig Control system, RCS, provides efficient, productive and high precision long hole drilling. On-board automatic cement system for unique grout quality control and a high capacity steel strand reel.

Main optional equipment

Features • Rig Control System, System, RCS, with interactive interactive operators control panel • ABC Regular with with one hole automatics • COP 1800-series high performance performance rock rock drill • Well-pro Well-proven ven Simba production drilling unit • Rod Handling System, System, RHS 17 • FOPS-approved telescopic telescopic protective protective roof • Hydraulic production production drilling boom and telescopic telescopic cable bolting boom, both with proportional movements • Mine adapted carrier carrier with high ground ground clearance, articulated steering steering and four wheel drive for easy manoeuvring • Turbo-c urbo-charged, harged, water-cooled water-cooled diesel engine with with catalyzer • Cable reel and collector • Cable and cement hose hose feeding system • Cable bending mechanism mechanism and cable cutter cutter • Cable pusher for installation installation of twin cables

Main specifications Cabletec LC Rock drill Feed Rotary actuator Boom BUT 35BS Stinger backward on feed Stinger forward on feed Power pack Drilling system Length Width Height Turning radius Gross weight

• Fully automatic cement cement handling unit with with RCScontrolled W/C ratio and onboard silo for cement storage • Double acting piston piston pump • Dust suppression suppression system

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

FOPS-approved cabin FOPS-approved Lubrication surveillance surveillance kit Automatic boom boom lubrication kit Central boom lubrication lubrication kit Automatic lubrication lubrication kit, drilling unit/boom unit/boom Waterr mist ushing system Wate system Waterr hose reel Wate Waterr hose Wate Rig Remote Remote Access, Access, RRA Breakthrough Automatic System, System, BAS BAS Drill Plan Handling, Handling, DPH Full Drill Data Data Handling, FDDH FDDH Boom Alignment Laser, Laser, BAL BAL Text Message System,TMS Automatic Parallel Parallel Holding, APH Void Detection, VD Remote Cradle/Feed Cradle/Feed Control, Control, RC/FC Fire suppression system system Ansul or Forrex Forrex – manual, check fire or automatic • Remote operating operating kit, Line Of Sight, LOS LOS


Working range Cabletec LC 1 x COP 1838ME 1 x BMH 214/215/216 1 x BHR 30 1 x 1,600 mm extension 1 x BSJ8-200 1 x BSJ8-115 1 x 95 kW RCS 14,042 mm 2,750 mm 3,10 0 mm 7,40 0/4,50 0 mm app. 29,000 kg


12 m

10

8

6

4

2

0

2 8

6

4

2

0

2

4

6

8m

77

HYDRAULIC ROCK DRILL SPECIFICATIONS

COP 1838ME/MEX Tophammer rock drill for hole ho le diameter range ra nge 51– 89 mm COP 1838ME is specially suitable for small to medium hole sizes. Adjustable stroke length makes it possible to adjust impact rate and energy to actual rock conditions and hole size. Powerful, stepless variable and reversible rotation motor gives high torque and excellent speed control. The efcient reex damping system of the COP 1800 series is called “dual damping” due to its high efficiency and double acting function. As the feed and the boom are not subjected to unnecessary strain, the entire drill string will give you longer service life.

The automatic tightening system of the drill string results in straighter holes and optimum penetration. COP 1838MEX and COP 1838HEX have built in hydraulic extractor. Technical data

COP 1838ME/MEX

COP 1838 HE/HEX

Weight Length Impact power, max. Impact rate Hydraulic pressure, max. Rotation speed, max. Rotation pressure, max. Rotation motor size Drill steel torque, max. Flushing water pressure Lubricating air (at the drill), max. Shank adapter

170/229 kg 1,008/1,206 mm 18 kW 60 Hz 230 bar 210 rpm 210 bar 07 1,0 0 0 Nm 20 bar 2 bar R32, T38, T45

176/235 kg 1,098/1,296 mm 18 kW 50 Hz

230 bar 140 rpm 140 bar 09 1,10 0 Nm 20 bar 2 bar T38, T45

COP 2550UX Tophammer rock drill for hole h ole diameter range r ange 76 –115 mm The COP 2550 is among the strongest rock drills on the market for use with the T51 drill steel. It is specially designed for heavy uninterrupted production. Instead of built-in flushing head, the COP 2550UX has a separate flushing head mounted at the front. The efficient dual damping system makes it possible to use even higher impact power without compromising the service life of the drill steel. The choice of two stroke positions provides the best piston frequency and penetration for the rock in

question. Separate lubrication of the shank adapter and front bushing ensures adequate lubrication/cooling during heavy use and prevents contaminants from penetrating the drill at the front. Pressurized mating surfaces with lubricating air prevent the ingress of dirt and damp into the drill. The rock drill is supplied with a powerful hydraulic extractor to save time and drill steel. Technical data

COP 2550UX


249 kg 1,340 mm 25 kW 42-55 Hz 230 bar 140 rpm 140 bar 09/10 1,380 Nm 20 bar 4 bar T51, ST58

COP 4050MUX Tophammer rock drill for hole diameter range 89 –127 mm A heavy-sized hydraulic tophammer with an impact output of up to 40 kW kW.. It is specially designed for drilling underground. Instead of built-in flushing head, the COP 4050MUX has a separate flushing head mounted at the front. It is equipped with two powerful hydraulic rotation motors which minimizes the risk of jamming. Impact and power levels are easily adjustable to prevailing rock conditions for achieving good hole quality, long drill steel life and an overall high

78

productivity. COP 4050MUX has a built-in automatic productivity. extractor as standard for interruptioninterruption-free free production. It is obvious that the extractor is an investment which which soon pays for itself in difficult ground conditions through fewer disruptions, better hole quality and increased steel life. Technical data

COP 4050MUX


450 kg 1,530 mm 40 kW 53-62 Hz 230 bar 95 rpm 120 bar 2 x 10 2 x 1,325 Nm 20 bar 4 bar ST58, ST68


TOPHAMMER DRILLING EQUIPMENT

Production drilling Drill bit design

-5076

-5076-45

Flat front bit with spherical buttons. Standard skirt. Ideal for medium-hard rock when the rock formation causes heavy gauge wear on the bit. Can also be used in very hard and abrasive rock formations.

Flat front bit with spherical buttons. Retrac skirt. To be used in the same applications as -5076 when you have rock formations that also create hole deviations.

-6076-67

Drop centre bit with ballistic buttons. Standard skirt. Designed for medium-hard rock. Bits with ballistic buttons perform especially well in non-abrasive or medium abrasive rock formations.

- 5 XXX Flat face button bit -XXXX- 67 Ballistic buttons

-6076-45-67

Drop centre bit with ballistic buttons. Retrac skirt. To be used in the same applications as -6076-67 when you have rock formations that also create hole deviations.

- 6 XXX Drop centre button bit

-XXXX- 66 Full-ballistic buttons

-XXXX- 45 Retrac skirt


-6076

-6076-45

Drop centre bit with spherical buttons. Standard skirt. Perfect in slightly more abrasive formations where there is accelerated button wear or in medium to hard rock when ballistic buttons have a tendency to break.

Drop centre bit with spherical buttons. Retrac skirt. Use in the same applications as -6076 when you have rock formations that also create hole deviations.

-5127-21

-6089-21-67

-6076-21-45-67

Model -21, a heavy duty bit with larger gauge buttons. Flat or drop centre front. Retrac or standard skirt. Ballistic or spherical buttons. A new bit design for hard to very hard abrasive rock. The asymmetrical button pattern gives excellent rock crushing. A shorter head and larger clearing angle allow for better flushing of cuttings. Model -20 is -20 is used for the same applications.

Please observe that all button bits are manufactured manufactured oversized 1.0–1.5 mm, meaning that for example a 45 mm bit is at least 46 mm as new and a 89 mm bit 90 mm. This is done because of the fast initial wear on button bits. When it is of importance, also consider that the hole i s always 1–3 mm bigger than the bit dimension depending on rock formation.

79


Production drilling

-6089-35-67 -6089-35-6 7

-6102-36

Model -35 and Model -36 Guide bits for the TDS tube drilling system. The Model -35 and -36 guide bits should be used in rock formations that create hole deviations.

-6102-41

Soft rock bit -66

Model -41 Standard bit for T60 system. This new bit design for T60 system with spherical buttons is created for drilling in very hard and abrasive rock formations. The flushing is concentrated to the front of the bit to get maximal flushing capacity.

Full-ballistic button bit. The two types of fullballistic button bits, model 5xxx-47-66 5xxx-47 -66 and model 6xxx-21-66 6xxx-21 -66 are developed d eveloped specially for drilling in soft formations. The penetration rate is very fast due to the high button protrusion. Excellent flushing concentrated to the front

Insert bits Cross- and X-type bits. Traditional chisel bits in cross- and X-type formations for extremely abrasive rock. Ideal for soft formations that cause snakeskin problems for carbide. Produce straight holes. X-type bits are used for larger hole dimensions.

80



Production drilling Shank adapter

R32 (11 ⁄ 4")

Coupling

Round drifter rod

Button bit

Round extension rod

Guide button bit

Retrac button bit

Round Speedrod

Cross-type bit Round guide rod

Guide tube

Drill bit design

-5057-20

-5xxx-37-45-67 -5xxx-37 -45-67

-5xxx-27

5076-42-24

5051-39

-5xxx-37-67 -5xxx-37 -67

-5xxx-37-66 -5xxx-37-66

-5064-45

-6064

-6064-45

-5xxx-37-30-67 -5xxx-37 -30-67

Cross-type bit

Please note text on on page page 42 79 re. re. finished nishedhole holesize. size.


81


Production drilling

R32 (11 ⁄ 4")

Drill bit

Diameter mm

Product No.

Product code

inch in

No. of buttons

Buttons × button diameter (mm) Gauge

Centre

Gauge buttons angle°

Side

Centre

Weight approx. kg

Flushing hole

BUTTON BIT - Spherical buttons 48

17  8

90504374

103-5048-27,39-20

7

5×11

2×9

35°

2

1

1.0

48

7

1  8

90509461

103-5048-37,39-20

9

6×10

3×8

40°

1

3

0.9

51

2

90504566 90

103-5051-27,39-20

7

5×11

2×10

35°

2

1

1.0

51

2

90510451

103-5051-34,39-20

8

6×10

2×10

40°

2

2

1.0

51

2

90509465

103-5051-37,39-20

9

6×10

3×9

40°

1

3

1.0

51

2

90510302 90

103-6051,49-20

9

6×10

3×9

30°

–

3

1.0

51

2

90510308

103-6051-45,49-20

9

6×10

3×9

30°

–

3

1.2

51

2

90514633

103-6051-45-67,49-20

9

6x10

3x9

35°

–

3

1.2

54

21  8

90509480

103-5054-37,39-20

9

6×10.5

3×10

35°

1

4

1.0

57

2¼

90510453

103-5057-20,39-20

9

6×11

3×9

35°

–

3

1.1

57

2¼

90514267

103-5057-37-45,49-20

9

6×10.5

3×9

35°

–

3

1.5

64

2½

90510303

103-5064,49-20

12

8×10

4×10

40°

–

2

1.6

64

2½

90510381

103-5064-45,49-20

12

8×10

4×10

40°

–

2

2.2

64

2½

90510328

103-6064,49-20

10

6×11

3×10, 1×10

3 5° 35

–

3

1.5

64

2½ 2½

90510364 90

103-6064-45,49-20

10

6×11

3×10, 1×10

35°

–

3

2.2

76

3

90510353

103-5076,49-20

12

8×11

4×11

40°

–

2

1.8

76

3

90514373

103-5076-42-24,49-20

10

9×12.7

1×12.7

35°

1

3

2.0

76

3

90510504

103-6076-45,49-20

13

8×11

4×11, 1×11

35°

1

4

3.5

BUTTON BIT - Ballistic buttons 48

17  8

90509464

103-5048-37-67,39-20

9

6×10

3×8

40°

1

3

0.9

48

7

1  8

90509463

103-5048-37-30-67,39-20

8

6×10

2×8

25°

1

3

1.0

51

2

90509466

103-5051-37-67,39-20

9

6×10

3×9

40°

1

3

1.0

51

2

90510836

103-5051-37-45-67,39-20

9

6×10

3×9

40°

1

3

1.2

54

21  8

90509481

103-5054-37-67,39-20

9

6×10

3×9

40°

1

3

1.0

57

2¼

90510454

103-5057-20-67,39-20

9

6×11

3×9

35°

–

3

1.1

64

2½

90510327

103-5064-67,49-20

12

8×10

4×10

40°

–

2

1.6

76

3

90510821

103-5076-42-24-67,49-20 10

10

9×12.7

1×12.7

35°

1

3

2.0

BUTTON BIT - Full-ballistic buttons (Soft rock bit) 48

17  8

90514714

103-5048-34-66,39-20

8

6×9

2×9

40°

–

2

0.8

48

17  8

90514135

103-5048-37-66,39-20

9

6×9

3×9

40°

1

3

0.8

51

2

90514715

103-5051-34-66,39-20

8

6×10

2×10

40°

–

2

0.9

51

2

90514136

103-5051-37-66,39-20

9

6×10

3×9

40°

1

3

0.8

Insert

CROSS-TYPE BIT

Width (mm)

Height (mm) (mm)

48

17  8

90510658

103-7048-38,02-17

14.0

22.0

4

1

1.1

51

2

90514248

103-7051-38,02-17

14.0

22.0

4

1

1.2

51

2

90510551

103-7051-38-45,02-17

14.0

22.0

4

1

1.7

57

2¼

90514239

103-7057,02-17

10.3

19.5

4

1

1.3

64

2½

900 01719

103-7064,08-17

10.3

19.5

4

1

1.4

9050 0049

103-8076,08-16

14.0

26.0

4

1

1.7

X-TYPE BIT 76

82

3



Production drilling

R32 (11 ⁄ 4")

Extension rod R32 (1¼") round rod

Fully carburized (C) / Surface hardened (SH).

Length

Product No.

Product code Fully carburized

Surface hardened

Weight approx. kg

mm

foot/inch

915

3' 3'

90550062

203-2509-C,02

4.8

100 0

3

3'3  8"

9050 0360

203-2510-C,02

6.0

1220

4'

900 00138

203-2512-C,02

6.5

1525

5'

90509485 90

203-2515-C,02

8.7

1830

6'

900 00139

203-2518-C,02

9.8

2435

8'

900 00989

203-2524-C,02

13.2

2435

8'

9051540 0

3050

10'

900 00990

3050

10'

90515401

3660

12'

90509565

3660

12'

90515402 90

203-4524-SH,03 203-2531-C,02

13.9 16.6

203-4531-SH,03 203-2537-C,02

16.6 20.0

203-4537-SH,03

20.8

R32 (1¼") round Speedrod

Fully carburized (C). D = 46 mm.

Length (L)

Product No.

Product code Fully carburized

Surface hardened

Weight approx. kg

mm

foot

915

3

90503329

203-2509-MF-C,02

5.5

1220

4

9050 0834

203-2512-MF-C,02

7.3

1525

5

9050 0627

203-2515-MF-C,02

9.0

1830

6

9050 0628

203-2518-MF-C,02

10.6

2435

8

90502259

203-2524-MF-C,02

14.0

Both surface hardened and fully carburized 3050

10

90515604 90

203-2531-MF,29

18.6

3660

12

90515605 90

203-2537-MF,29

22.1

4270

14

90515606 90

203-2543-MF,29

25.6

Drifter rod R32 (1¼") round rod

Fully carburized.

Length

Product No.

Product code

Weight approx. kg

13'1 '1½ ½"

900 000 02394

2033-2 254 540 0-0 -03 3-C -C,0 ,02 2

21.7

14'1 14 '15  8"

90 00 00 09 0933

203-2543-03-C,02

23.4

mm

foot/inch

400 000 0 431 43 10


83


Production drilling

R32 (11 ⁄ 4")

Coupling

Full bri dge -57. -57.

Diameter

Length

Product No No.

Weight approx. kg

Product co code

mm

inch

mm

inch

42

121  32

150

57  8

9 05 0502643

303-0 04 042,0 0

0.9

44

23

1  32

150

7

5  8

9 00 00 02 02107

303-0 04 044,0 0

1.0

44

123  32

160

65  16 16

9050 90 5053 5395 95

30330 3-004 00444-57 57,00

1.2

Guide Guid e Tube Tube

Hole Ho le di diam amet eter er

Tub ube e di diam amet eter er

Leng Le ngth th (L (L))

Pro rod duct No No.

Pro Pr oduct co code

Weight approx. kg

4

94502681

203-7112,10

10.0

1525

5

94502658

203-7115,10

12.5

1¾

1830

6

94502659

203-7118,10

14.2

1¾

3050

10

94502660

203-7131,10

25.0

mm

inch

mm

inch

mm

foot

51–57

2–2¼

45

1¾

1220

51–57

2–2¼

45

1¾

51–57

2–2¼

45

51–57

2–2¼

45

84



Production drilling

R/T38 (11 ⁄ 2") Hex. extension rod light equipment

T38

Button bit

Coupling

Shank adapter

Retrac button bit

Round extension rod

Round Speedrod

Cross-type bit

Round guide rod

X-type bit

Dome reaming bit Guide tube

R38

Button bit Shank adapter

Coupling

Round extension rod X-type bit

Drill bit design

-5076

-5076-21

Dome reaming bit

-5070-21-45

Cross-type

-5089-21-67

5076-47

-6064-21-67

-6076-45-67

-6076-21-66

-6102-21

Please Pleasenote notetext texton onpage page79 42re. re.nished finished hole hole size.

X-type

Drill bit Diameter

Product code

Product No.

mm inch

R38 thread

No. of buttons

T38 thread

Buttons × button diameter (mm)


Weight Flushing hole Weight approx. kg Side Centre

Gauge

Centre

12

8×10

4×10

40°

–

2

1.6


2½

90510304

104-5064,49-20

64

2½

90510305

135-5064,49-20

12

8×10

4×10

40°

–

2

1.6

64

2½

90510309

135-5064-45,49-20

12

8×10

4×10

40°

–

2

1.9

64

2½

90510316

135-5064-20,49-20

9

6×12.7

3×11

35°

1

1

1.9

64

2½

90513748

135-5064-21,49-20

10

6×11

4×10

35°

1

2

1.6

64

2½

90510307

135-6064,49-20

10

6×11

3×10, 1×10

35°

–

3

1.7

64

2½

90510311

135-6064-45,49-20

10

6×11

3×10, 1×10

35°

–

3

2.3

64

2½

90510347

135-6064-21,49-20

10

6×12.7

3×10, 1×8

25°

–

3

1.7

Cont. next page PRODUCTION DRILLING IN UNDERGROUND MINING

85


Production drilling Diameter mm

Product code

Product No.

inch

R38 thread

T38 thread

R/T38 (11 ⁄ 2") No. of buttons


Centre


Flushing hole Weight approx. kg Side Centre


2¾

90510349

135-5070,49-20

12

8×11

4×11

40°

–

2

2.0

70

2¾

90510350

135-5070-20,49-20

11

6×12.7

5×11

35°

2

1

2.3

70

2¾

90510352

135-6070,49-20

10

6x11

3x11, 1x9

35°

–

3

1.9

70

2¾

90510707

135-6070-21,49-20

10

6×12.7

3×10, 1×10

35°

–

3

1.7

70

2¾

90514157

135-6070-21-45,49-20

10

6×12.7

3×10, 1×10

35°

–

3

2.3

76

3

90510318

12

8×11

4×11

40°

–

2

2.6

76

3

90510319

135-5076,49-20

12

8×11

4×11

40°

–

2

2.2

76

3

90510366

135-5076-45,49-20

12

8×11

4×11

40°

–

2

3.1

76

3

90510321

135-5076-20,49-20

11

6×12.7

5×11

35°

2

1

2.5

76

3

90513749

135-5076-21,49-20

13

8×12.7

5×11

35°

1

2

2.3

76

3

90515235

135-5076-47,49-20

13

8×11

5×11

35°

1

4

2.2

76

3

90510330 90

135-6076,49-20

10

6×12.7

3×11, 1×11

35°

1

3

2.6

76

3

90510369 90

135-6076-45,49-20

13

8×11

4×11, 1×11

35°

1

4

3.5

76

3

90513806 90

135-6076-21,49-20

13

8×12.7

4×11, 1×11

35°

–

4

2.4

76

3

90510810

135-6076-21-45,49-20

13

8×12.7

4×11, 1×11

35°

–

4

3.3

89

3½

90510323

12

8×12.7

4×12.7

40°

–

2

3.3

89

3½

90510324

135-5089,49-20

12

8×12.7

4×12.7

40°

–

2

3.2

89

3½

90510367

135-5089-45,49-20

12

8×12.7

4×12.7

40°

–

2

5.2

89

3½

90515273

135-5089-47,49-20

16

10×11

6×11

35°

1

4

3.4

89

3½

90510332

135-6089,49-20

11

6×12.7

3×11, 2×11

35°

1

3

3.0

89

3½

90513808

135-6089-21,49-20

13

8×12.7

4×11, 1×11

35°

–

4

3.0

89

3½

90515287

135-6089-21-45,49-20

13

8x12.7

4x11, 1x11

35°

–

4

4.6

102

4

90510329

135-5102,49-20

12

8 ×14.5 8×

4×14.5

40°

–

2

4.0

102

4

90515369

135-5102-47,49-20

14

8×14.5

6×12.7

35°

1

4

4.3

102

4

90513810

135-6102-21,49-20

13

8×14.5

4×12.7, 1×12.7

35°

–

4

3.9

127

5

90513776 90

135-5127-42-24,49-20*

19

18×12.7

1×12.7

35°

1

3

5.2

104-5076,49-20

104-5089,49-20


2½

90510413

135-5064-67,49-20

12

8×10

4×10

40°

–

2

1.6

64

2½

90510365

135-5064-45-67,49-20

12

8×10

4×10

40°

–

2

1.9

64

2½

90510306

135-6064-67,49-20

10

6×11

3×10, 1×10

35°

–

3

1.6

64

2½

90510368

135-6064-45-67,49-20

10

6×11

3×10, 1×10

35°

–

3

2.3

64

2½

90510524

135-6064-21-67,49-20

10

6×12.7

3×10, 1×8

25°

–

3

1.8

64

2½

90513805

135-6064-21-45-67,49-20

10

6×12.7

3×10, 1×8

25°

–

3

2.2

64

2½

90514631

135-6064-48-45-67,49-20

13

8x10

4x10, 1x7

35°

–

4

2.0

70

2¾

90510351

135-6070-67,49-20

10

6×11

3×11, 1×9

35°

–

3

1.9

70

2¾

90510384

135-6070-45-67,49-20

10

6×11

3×11, 1×9

35°

–

3

2.4

70

2¾

90513832

135-6070-21-67,49-20

10

6×12.7

3×10, 1×10

35°

–

3

1.7

76

3

90513760

135-5076-21-67,49-20

13

8×12.7

5×11

35°

1

2

2.3

76

3

90510312

135-5076-45-67,49-20

12

8×11

4×11

40°

–

2

3.1

76

3

90510331 90

135-6076-67,49-20

10

6×12.7

3×11, 1×11

35°

1

3

2.5

76

3

9 0510370 90

135-6076-45-67,49-20

13

8×11

4×11, 1×11

35°

1

4

3.5

76

3

9 0513807 90

135-6076-21-67,49-20

13

8×12.7

4×11, 1×11

35°

–

4

2.4

76

3

90510811

135-6076-21-45-67,49-20

13

8×12.7

4×11, 1×11

35°

–

4

3.3

89

3½

90513763

135-5089-21-67,49-20

14

8×12.7

6×12.7

35°

1

2

3.1

* For reaming, reversed flushing.

86

Cont. next page




Product code

Product No.

inch

R38 thread

T38 thread

R/T38 (11 ⁄ 2") Buttons × button diameter (mm)

No. of buttons

Gauge

Centre


Flushing hole Weight approx. kg Side Centre


3½

90510355

135-6089-67,49-20

11

6×12.7

3×11, 2×11

35°

1

3

3.1

89

3½

90510654

135-6089-45-67,49-20

14

8×11

4×11, 2×9

35°

1

4

5.0

89

3½

90513809

135-6089-21-67,49-20

13

8×12.7

4×11, 1×11

35°

–

4

3.0

102

4

90513762

135-6102-21-67,49-20

13

8×14.5

4×12.7, 1×12.7 4×

35°

–

4

3.9

127

5

90513775 90

135-5127-42-24-67,49-20*

19 19

18×12.7

1×12.7

35°

1

3

5.2

135-6076-21-66,49-20

13

8×12.7

4×11, 1×11

35°

–

4

2.5


3

90514297

Insert

CROSS-TYPE BIT 64

2½

Width (mm)

Height (mm) (mm)

900 02098

135-7064,08-16

14.0

25.0

4

1

1.9

135-8064,08-16

14.0

25.0

4

1

1.9

14.0

26.0

4

1

2.5

14.0

26.0

4

1

2.5

X-TYPE BIT 64

2½

900 02256

76

3

90 001716

76

3

900 02260

104-8076,08-16 135-8076,08-16


Extension rod T38 (1½")

Hex. 32 mm (1¼")

T38 (1½")

Light equipment, fully carburized. Rod section 35.8 mm.

Length mm

foot/inch

3050

10'

400 0

13'1½"

Product code T38 thread

Weight approx. kg

90 001962

235-0531-C,02

18.7

90510050

235-0540-C,02

23.6

Product No.

R38 thread

T38 (1½") round Speedrod

Fully carburized. D = 57 mm.

Length (L)


Weight approx. kg

90510857

235-4706-MF-C,02

6 .0 6.

3'

90510718

235-4709-MF-C,02

8.3

1220

4' 4'

9 0510719 90

235-4712-MF-C,02

10.9 10

1525

5' 5'

9 0510720 90

235-4715-MF-C,02

13.3 13

1830

6' 6'

90510721 90

235-4718-MF-C,02

15.8 15

mm

foot/inch

600 60 0

1'1 1' 115  8"

915

Product No.

R38 thread


87


Production drilling

R/T38 (11 ⁄ 2")

T38 (1½") round Speedrod


Length (L) mm

foot

Product code

Product No.

R38 thread

T38 thread

Weight approx. kg


10

90515312

235-4731-MF,29

26.3

3660

12

90515315

235-4737-MF,29

31.5

4270

14

90515570

235-4743-MF,29

36.9

4880

16

90515571

235-4749-MF,29

41.9

R/T38 (1½") round rod

Fully carburized (C) / Surface hardened (SH).

Length mm

foot/inch

Product code

Product No.

R38 thread

T38 thread

Weight approx. kg

Surface hardened 1830

6'

90590109

204-2718-SH,03

14.9

3050

10'

90515405

204-4731-SH,03

24.3

3050

10'

90515289

235-4731-SH,03

24.8

3660

12'

90515288

235-4737-SH,03

29.0

4270

14'

90515291

235-4743-SH,03

34.7

280

11" 11

90504090 90

610

2'

9 0502448 90

235-2706-C,02

5.0

1220

4'

9050 0622

235-2712-C,02

10.0

204-2702-C,02

2.0

T38 (1½") round rod with double thread

Length mm

foot

Product No.

Product code R38 thread

T38 thread

Weight approx. kg

Surface hardened 3050

10

90515292 90

235-4731-95-SH,03

27.0

3660

12 12

90515290 90

235-4737-95-SH,03

30.0

88



Production drilling

R/T38 (11 ⁄ 2")

Drifter Drift er rod For one rod drilling drifter rods can be used.

Guide rod T38 (1½") guide Speedrod


Length (L) mm

foot

3660

12

Product No.


Weight approx. kg

90515575

235-4937-MF,29

44.8

Guide tube

Hole Ho le diam diamet eter er Tub ube e diam diamet eter er

Leng Le ngth th (L) (L)

mm

inch

mm

inch

mm

64

2½

56

21  8

1220

1

Product No.


Weight approx. kg

4

94502648

235-7012,10

12.6

foot

64

2½

56

2  8

1525

5

9400 0051

235-7015,10

14.0

64

2½

56

21  8

1830

6

9400 0052

235-7018,10

17.4

64

2½

56

21  8

3050

10 10

9400 0053

235-7031,10

28.3

1

64

2½

56

2  8

3660

12 12

9400 0054

235-7037,10

32.8

76

3

64

2½

3660 36

12 12

94502622

235-6937,10

51.0

Coupling

Diameter

Length

Product No.

mm

inch

mm

inch

52

21  16 16

190

7½

90503178

55

5

2  32 32

170

6¾

90 00 00 01 0168

55

25  32 32

170

6¾

90 00 001964

55

25  32 180 32 18

71  8

9050539 9050 5396 6

1

90503 90 503003 003

55

5

2  32 180 32 18

7  8

Product code R38 thread

T38 thread 335-0052,0 0

304-0 05 055,0 0

1.8 1.7

335-0055,0 0 304-00553040055-57 57,00


Weight approx. kg

1.7 1.9

335-0 33 5-005 055-5 5-57 7,00

1.9

89


Production drilling

T45 (13 ⁄ 4") Hex. extension rod, light equipment

Shank adapter

Button bit

Coupling Round extension rod

Retrac button bit Round Speedrod Dome reaming bit Guide rod

Guide tube

Drill bit design

-5076

-5089-21-67

-6076-45-67

-6089-21-45

-5102-21 -5102-21

-6102

-5076-21-45

-6102-21

-5076-41

-5089-47

-6076

Dome reaming bit

-6102-45-67

Please size. Pleasenote notetext text on on page page 79 42 re. re. nished finished hole hole size.

Drill bit Diameter mm

Product No.

Product code

inch

No. of buttons


Centre


Side

Centre

Weight approx. kg

Flushing hole


2¾

90510478

136-6070,49-20

10

6×11

3×11, 1×9

35°

–

3

2.0

70

2¾

90510479

136-6070-45,49-20

10

6×11

3×11, 1×9

35°

–

3

2.1

76

3

90510320

136-5076,49-20

12

8×11

4×11

40°

–

2

2.2

76

3

90510371

136-5076-45,49-20 13

12

8×11

4×11

40°

–

2

2.8

76

3

90510322

136-5076-20,49-20 13

11

6×12.7

5×11

35°

2

1

2.6

76

3

90514051

136-5076-21,49-20 13

13

8×12.7

5×11

35°

1

2

2.4

76

3

90513761

136-5076-21-45,49-20

13

8×12.7

5×11

35°

1

2

2.7

76

3

90515248

136-5076-41,49-20

14

8×12.7

4×11, 2×11

35°

2

2

2.5

76

3

90510333

136-6076,49-20

10

6×12.7

3×11, 1×11

35°

1

2

2.6

76

3

90510313

136-6076-45,49-20

13

8×11

4×11, 1×11

35°

1

4

3.2

76

3

90513750

136-6076-21,49-20

13

8×12.7

4×11, 1×11

35°

–

4

2.4

76

3

90510808

136-6076-21-45,49-20

13

8×12.7

4×11, 1×11

35°

–

4

3.0

Cont. next page

90




Product No.

T45 (13 ⁄ 4") No. of buttons

Product code

inch


Centre


Side

Centre

Weight approx. kg

Flushing hole


3½

90510325 90

1 36-5089,49-20 13

12

8×12.7

4×12.7

40°

–

2

3.3

89

3½

9 0510418 90

136-5089-20,49-20

14

8×12.7

6×11

35°

1

1

3.8

89

3½

90510372

136-5089-45,49-20

12

8×12.7

4×12.7

40°

–

2

5.0

89

3½

90515268 90

136-5089-47,49-20 13

16

10×11

6×11

35°

1

4

3.0

89

3½

90513751

136-5089-21-45,49-20

14

8×12.7

6×12.7

35°

1

2

4.7

89

3½

90510335

136-6089,49-20

11

6×12.7

3×11, 2×11

35°

1

3

3.5

89

3½

90510374

136-6089-45,49-20

14

8×11

4×11, 2×9

35°

1

4

4.7

89

3½

90513752

136-6089-21,49-20

13

8×12.7

4×11, 1×11

35°

–

4

3.0

89

3½

90510692

136-6089-21-45,49-20

13

8×12.7

4×11, 1×11

35°

–

4

4.2

102

4

90510326

136-5102,49-20 13

12

8×14.5

4×14.5

40°

–

2

4.4

102

4

90510888

136-5102-21,49-20

14

8×15.8

6×12.7

35°

1

2

3.7

102

4

90510373

136-5102-45,49-20

12

8×14.5

4×14.5

40°

–

2

6.7

102

4

90515364

136-5102-47,49-20

14

8×14.5

6×12.7

35°

1

4

4.1

102

4

90510337

136-6102,49-20

11

6×14.5

3×12.7, 2×12.7

35°

1

3

3.9

102

4

90510392

136-6102-45,49-20

14

8×12.7

4×12.7, 2×12.7

35°

1

4

7.8

102

4

90513811

136-6102-21,49-20

13

8×14.5

4×12.7, 1×12.7

35°

–

4

5.3

102

4

90515366

136-6102-21-45,49-20

13

8×14.5

4×12.7, 1×12.7

35°

–

4

6.4

115

4½ 4½

90510409 90

136-5115,49-20

18

10×12.7

8×12.7

35°

–

2

5.4

115

4½

9 0515269 90

136-5115-47,49-20

14

8×14.5

6×14.5

35°

1

4

5.8

115

4½

90510399

136-6115,49-20

14

8×14.5

4×12.7, 2×12.7

35°

1

4

5.0

115

4½

90514660

136-6115-45,49-20

14

8×14.5

4×12.7, 2×12.7

35°

1

4

9.0

127

5

90515253

136-5127-47,49-20

14

8×15.8

6×15.8

35°

–

4

6.6

127

5

90513778

136-5127-42-24,49-20*

19

18×12.7

1×12.7

35°

1

3

5.3

152

6

90513818

136-5152-42-24,49-20*

20

18×14.5

2×14.5

35°

1

3

9.9


2¾

90510385

136-6070-45-67,49-20

10

6×11

3×11, 1×9

35°

–

3

2.1

76

3

90514027

136-5076-21-67,49-20

13

8×12.7

5×11

35°

1

2

2.3

76

3

90510386

1 36-5076-45-67,49-20 13

12

8×11

4×11

40°

–

2

2.8

76

3

90510334

136-6076-67,49-20

10

6×12.7

3×11, 1×11

35°

1

2

2.6

76

3

90510314

136-6076-45-67,49-20

13

8×11

4×11, 1×11

35°

1

4

3.1

76

3

90510809

136-6076-21-45-67,49-20

13

8×12.7

4×11, 1×11

35°

–

4

3.0

89

3½

90510390

136-5089-45-67,49-20

12

8×12.7

4×12.7

40°

–

2

5.0

89

3½

90510780

136-5089-21-67,49-20

14

8×12.7

6×12.7

35°

1

2

3.3

89

3½

90514073

136-5089-21-45-67,49-20

14

8×12.7

6×12.7

35°

1

2

4.7

89

3½

90510336

136-6089-67,49-20

11

6×12.7

3×11, 2×11

35°

1

3

3.4

89

3½

90510375

136-6089-45-67,49-20

14

8×11

4×11, 2×9

35°

1

4

4.8

89

3½

90515523

136-6089-21-67,49-20

13

8×12.7

4×11, 1×11

35°

–

4

3.1

89

3½

9051 90 5107 0772 72

13613 6-60 6089 89-2 -21 1-4 -455-67 67,4 ,499-20 20

13 13

8×12.7

4×11, 1×11

35°

–

4

4.8

102

4

90510889

136-5102-21-67,49-20

14

8×15.8

6×12.7

35°

1

2

3.7

102

4

90515367

136-6102-21-67,49-20

13

8x14.5

4x12.7, 1x12.7

35°

–

4

4.9

102

4

90510376

136-6102-45-67,49-20

14

8×12.7

4×12.7, 2×12.7

35°

1

4

7.8

115

4½

90515263

136-6115-67,49-20

14

8×14.5

4×12.7, 2×12.7

35°

1

4

4.7

115

4½

90515256

136-6115-45-67,49-20

14

8×14.5

6×12.7

35°

1

4

8.1

152

6

90510782

136-5152-42-24-67,49-20*

20

18×14.5

2×14.5

35°

3

3

9.5



Cont. next page

91



Product No.

Product code

inch

T45 (13 ⁄ 4") No. of buttons


Centre


10×11

6×11

35°

Side

Centre

Weight approx. kg

1

4

4.9

Flushing hole


3½

90514993

136-5089-47-45-66,49-20

16

Insert

X-TYPE BIT

Width (mm)

Height (mm) (mm)

76

3

90514366

136-8076,02-17

14.0

26.0

4

1

2.5 2.

89

3½

900 02246

136-8089,08-16

14.0

26.0

4

1

3.3

Extension rods T45 (1¾")

Hex. 38 mm (1½")

T45 (1¾")

Light equipment, fully carburized. Rod section 42.6 mm.

Length

Product code

Product No.

Fully carburized

Surface hardened

Weight approx. kg

mm

foot

3050

10

90 002188 90

236-0731-C,02

25.6

3660

12

90 002163 90

236-0737-C,02

30.8

T45 (1¾") round rod

Surface hardened.

Length

Product code

Product No.

Fully carburized

Surface hardened

Weight approx. kg

mm

foot/inch

3050

10'

90515296

236-4931-SH,03

34.5

3660

12'

9 0515294 90

236-4937-SH,03

41.4

4270

14'

9 0515295 90

236-4943-SH,03

48.3

4800

15'9"

90515408

236-4948-SH,03

54.3

6095

20'

9 0515297 90

236-4961-SH,03

69.0

T45 (1¾") round Speedrod


Length (L)

Product code

Product No.

Fully carburized

Surface hardened

Weight approx. kg

mm

foot

1525

5

90510730

236-4915-MF-C,02

18.2

1830

6

90510731

236-4918-MF-C,02

21.5


10

90515567

236-4931-MF,29 23

37.6

3660

12

90515313

236-4937-MF,29 23

43.5

4270

14

90515316

236-4943-MF,29 23

51.5

92



Production drilling

T45 (13 ⁄ 4")

Guide rod T45 (1¾") guide Speedrod


Length (L)

Product No.

Product code

Weight approx. kg

12

90513771

236-5137-MF-C,02

55.0

14

90514785

236-5143-MF-C,02

63.5

mm

foot

3660 4270

Guide tube

Hole dia iam mete terr

Tub ube e dia diam mete terr

Length (L (L))

Product No No.

Product co code

Weight approx. kg

mm

inch

mm

inch

mm

foot

76

3

64

2½

1220

4

940 02687

236-6912,10

20.0

76

3

64

2½ 1525

5

940 00047

236-6915,10

21.6

76

3

64

2½

1830 18

6

940 00046

236-6918,10

25.4

76

3

64

2½

3660 36

12

940 00050

236-6937,10

49.0

89

3½

76

3

1830

6

94502656

236-6618,10

40.0

89

3½

76

3

3660

12

94502627

236-6637,10

77.8

Product No No.

Product co code

Weight approx. kg

L

Without undercut (shoulder).

Hole di dia ame metter mm

Tube dia diam met ete er

Length (L)

inch

mm

inch

mm foot/inch

76

3

64

2½

100 0 10

3'33  8"

9051 90 5140 4047 47

23623 6-69 691 100-87 87,1 ,10 0

15. 5.5 5

76

3

64

2½

1 220 12

4'

90514786

236-6912-87,10

19.0

76

3

64

2½

1 830 18

6'

94502714

236-6918-87,10

27.0

Coupling

Full bridge bridg e -57. -57.

Diameter

Length

mm

inch

63

215  32 32

63

15

2  32 32

66

5

2  8

66

2  8 5

Product No.

Product code

Weight approx. kg

mm

inch

210 21

8¼

900 02557

336-0063,0 0 33

2.7

210

8¼

90505292

336-0063-57,00

2.7

210 21

8¼

90 002165

336-0066,0 0

3.2

210

8¼

90515509

336-0066-57,00

3.2


93


Production drilling

T51 (2") Round extension rod

Coupling

Shank adapter

Button bit

Round Speedrod

Retrac button bit

Dome reaming bit

Guide tube

Drill bit design

-5089

-5089-20

-5127-47-66 -5127-47 -66

-5089-21

-6089-21-67

-5089-21-45

-6089-21-45-67

-6102-45-67

-5089-21-47

-5102-21-45

-6115-21-45 -61 15-21-45

-5127-21

-6127-21

Dome reaming bit

note text text on on page page 42 79re. re.finished nishedhole holesize. size. Please note

Drill bit Diameter mm

Product No.

Product code

inch

No. of buttons


Centre


Weight approx. kg Centre

Flushing hole Side


3½ 3½

90510338

137-5089,49-20 13

12

8×12.7

4×12.7

40°

–

2

3.5

89

3½

90510377

137-5089-45,49-20

12

8×12.7

4×12.7

40°

–

2

4.8

89

3½ 3½

90510357

137-5089-20,49-20 13

14

8×12.7

6×11

35°

1

1

4.0

89

3½ 3½

90510527

137-5089-21,49-20

14

8×12.7

6×12.7

35°

1

2

3.7

89

3½

90513764

137-5089-21-45,49-20

14

8×12.7

6×12.7

35°

1

2

5.3

89

3½

90515252

137-5089-21-47,49-20

14

8×12.7

6×11

35°

–

4

3.6

89

3½ 3½

90515251

137-5089-47,49-20 13

16

10×11

6×11

35°

–

4

3.8

89

3½

90510341

137-6089,49-20

11

6×12.7

3×11, 2×11

35°

1

3

3.6

89

3½

90510391

137-6089-45,49-20

14

8×11

4×11, 2×9

35°

1

4

4.7

89

3½

90513813

137-6089-21,49-20

13

8×12.7

4×11, 1×11

35°

–

4

3.5

89

3½

90510773

137-6089-21-45,49-20

13

8×12.7

4×11, 1×11

35°

–

4

4.9

102

4

90510339

137-5102,49-20 13

12

8×14.5

4×14.5

40°

–

2

4.8

102

4

90510378

1 37-5102-45,49-20 13

12

8×14.5

4×14.5

40°

–

2

7.1

Cont. next page

94


9851 2558 01 Production Drilling1.pdf

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