MATERIAL HANDLING
In production process, raw materials are moved from stores or stockyard to first production stage; Kept there till that process is completed, stored again as work in progress to the next stage and so on till finished product reaches finished goods stores and despatched to consumer end.
Material handling includes: Moving, Packaging, Storing, Of different types, shapes, volumes, nature and weights of materials. Objective of MH is to optimise the movement of and choosing the most economical method in terms of volume, cost and men. This has developed into a separate study Different kinds of MH systems have been developed to suit • the materials, • area available, • loading and unloading requirements, • safety precautions to be taken, • rate of movement, • speed of transaction, • nature of movement, onetime, intermittent or continuous, • underground, on surface, overhead conveyance etc.
Principles of Material Handling 1. 2. 3.
Movement by least permissible path Movement through the facility without retracting along the direction of process flow Minimum human effort in handling loading, lifting, placing and unloading 4. Maximum handling by mechanical means, devices 5. Movement by unit load and lots of single items without chance of mixing up with other items. Dr. M KOTEESWARAN
MBA II SEM
POM 2012
Hand Out - 8
Page 88
MATERIAL HANDLING
6. Transfer from one container to another should take place only at processing stations or at holding area. 1. Loading, transfer, stacking, unloading should not cause any physical damage to the items like scratches, smudging of edges, loss of shape 8. Hot and hazardous and chemicals should be isolated and moved with adequate clearance of pathway and care. 9. Where possible advantage of gravity flow must be availed. 10. Floor contact of material should be avoided. 11. Overhead conveyor system and continuous belt conveyor must be used where possible directly over the required work area. 12. Material Handling equipment must be properly designed for load capacity, wear and tear, friction free movement and well maintained. 13. Periodic inspection must be conducted on all conveyors, belts, ropes, chains And pulleys, cranes, pallets and other equipments. 14. Empty returns must be avoided. Classification of Material Handling Equipment 1. 2. 3.
Fixed path Variable path Auxiliary Fixed path Material Handling Equipment Belt conveyor 1. Roller 2. Screw 3. Bucket 4. Pnuematic 5. Gravity 6. OHT Crane 7. Jib Crane 8. Monorail 9. Hoist Variable path Material Handling Equipment 1. Fork lift 2. Platform 3. Hand stacks 4. Tractors 5. Hand trolleys Auxiliary Material Handling Equipment 1. Pallets 2. Containers 3. Lift truck attachments 4. Loaders and unloaders 5. Ramps Material Handling and Equipment improves Productivity 1. Timely movement contributes: Dr. M KOTEESWARAN
MBA II SEM
POM 2012
Hand Out - 8
Page 89
MATERIAL HANDLING
• • •
Saving in storage space Avoids accumulation of unwanted stock Avoidance of delay 2. Proper movement and handling contribute: • Avoidance of wastage by damages • Prevention of loss of shape • Improved quality 3. By bulk and unit load handling: • Cost of material handling is reduced • Cost of production is reduced 4. It helps even out and smoothen production 5. It reduces manpower required. 6. It improves safety of men, machines and materials.
Dr. M KOTEESWARAN
MBA II SEM
POM 2012
Hand Out - 8
Page 90
