DAMODARA DAMO DARAM M SANJIVA SANJ IVAYY YYA A NATIONAL NATIONAL LAW L AW UNIVERSITY VISAKHAPATNAM, A.P., INDIA
“PROFESSIONALETHICS ”
Submitt! Submitt ! T"# T"# M$. M $. A$%i&! N't( N 't( T$i)'t(*
Submitt! +*# A+HIJEET TALWAR t( Sm-t$ S/ti"& S/ti"& A0
CERTIFICATE#
This is to certify that ABHIJEET TALWAR of 9 th Semester (Section A) havin having g regi regist strat ratio ion n num numer er !"#! !"#!"! "! has has succ succes essfu sfu$$ $$y y com% com%$e $ete te& & his his %ro'ect in %artia$ fu$fi$ment of 9 th Semester Semester tit$e& tit$e& R*+ESSI*, R*+ESSI*,AL AL ETHI-S. in the su'ect of PEPA.
+acu$ty Signature
ACKNOWLED1EMENT#
The %resent %ro'ect on PROFESSIONALETHICS.a$e to get its fina$ sha%e /ith the su%%ort an& he$% of %eo%$e from various 0uarters1 I am %rou& to ac2no/$e&ge gratitu&e to the in&ivi&ua$s &uring our stu&y an& /ithout /hom the stu&y may not e com%$ete&1 We have ta2en this o%%ortunity to than2 those /ho genuine$y he$%e& us in the com%$etion of this %ro'ect many %eo%$e he$%e& us &irect$y an& in&irect$y1 +irst of a$$ /e /ou$& $i2e to than2 my university i1e1 3A4*3ARA4 SA,JI5I66A ,ATI*,AL LAW 7,I5ERSIT68 5ISAHAAT,A48 /ho gave us the i&ea an& encouragement to venture into this %ro'ect1 We are gratefu$ to our facu$ty of rofessiona$ Ethics an& rofessiona$ Accounting System M$. A$%i&! N't( T$i)'t(* /ho gave the o%%ortunity to ma2e a %ro'ect on this to%ic1
ABHIJEET TALWAR !"#!"!
PREFACE: Lega$ %rofession is no$e %rofession1 The noi$ity of the $ega$ %rofession is maintaine& y the a&herence an& oservance of a set of %rofessiona$ norms y those /ho a&o%t this %rofession1 It is 2no/s as $ega$ ethics or the ethics of the $ega$ %rofession1 The fun&amenta$ of the $ega$ ethics is to maintain the o/ner an& &ignity of the $a/ %rofession8 to secure a s%irit of frien&$y coo%eration et/een Bench an& Bar in the %romotion of highest stan&ar& of 'ustice8 to esta$ish honoura$e an& fair &ea$ings of the counse$ /ith his c$ient8 o%%onent an& /itness8 to esta$ish a s%irit of rotherhoo& /ith ar1 As contem%t of court is a %art of the sy$$aus8 contem%t of the court is a serious cha$$enge to the ma'esty of $a/1 Some times it is committe& in ignorance that is con&emner has no 2no/$e&ge as to the meaning of contem%t1 At the same time a &efinitions of the e:%ression contem%t of court. is of much uti$ity8 ut there is c$ear an& &efinite &efinition of this term1 In common %ar$ance it can e sai& that it is a act or omission /hich interferes /ith the a&ministration of 'ustice8 &isoe&ience to or&er of the court or reach of un&erta2ing given to court8 it /i$$ amount to contem%t of court on$y /hen the &isoe&ience or reach is /i$$fu$1 The Bar an& Bench %$ay im%ortant ro$e in the a&ministration of 'ustice1 The 'u&ges a&minister the $a/ /ith the assistance of the $a/yers1 The $a/yers are the officers of the court1 They are e:%ecte& to assist the court in the a&ministration of 'ustice1 As the officers of the court the $a/yers are re0uire& to maintain to/ar& the court res%ectfu$ attitu&e earing in min& that the &ignity of the 'u&icia$ office is essentia$ foe the surviva$ of the society mutua$ res%ect is necessary for the maintenance o the cor&ia$ re$ations et/een the Bench an& Bar1 The 'u&ges %$ay im%ortant ro$e in the maintenance of ru$e of $a/ /hich is essentia$ for the e:istence of the or&er$y society1
TABLE OF CONTENT: . BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE . ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . PREFACE .CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION .CHAPTER 2 – LAWYERS PROFESSIONAL ETHICS TO STATE AND PUBLIC .CHAPTER 3 – LAWYERS AND ETHICS .CHAPTER 4 – BREACH OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS BY LAWYERS .cha!"# $ – CONCLUSION .BIBLIOGRAPHY
CHAPTER 2
I,TR*37-TI*,; The $ega$ %rofession in In&ia; In&ia has the /or$&&ignity of %rofession<1 Ho/ever over the years courts have recogni?e& Lega$ Service as a service ren&ere& to the consumers an& have he$& that $a/yers are accounta$e to the c$ients in the cases of &eficiency of services1 In the case of Srinath 51 7nion of In&ia (AIR #99= 4a& @!); 4a&ras High -ourt he$& that in vie/ of Sec1 of -onsumer rotection Act8 #9C=1 -onsumer re&ressa$ forums have 'uris&iction to &ea$ /ith c$aims against a&vocates1 Sec1 ! (7) of com%etition Act8 !""! &efines the term >Service< a$ong the $ines of consumer %rotection Act8 #9C=1 Thus it may e conc$u&e& that $ega$ services are ecoming su'ect of tra&e re$ate& $a/s /here consumerism an& mar2et forces shou$& e given a&e0uate s%ace1 -hanging +ace of Lega$ rofession; D$oa$i?ation rought aout a revo$ution in internationa$ tra&e /ith increasing %artici%ation an& invo$vement of countries greater access to &omestic economies1 The im%$ication of the same on the $ega$ service sector has een oth 0uantitative an& 0ua$itative1 The %ast &eca&e has een miniFrevo$ution in $ega$ service sector /ith the greatest $ega$ im%act on cor%orate $ega$ arena Activities in %ro'ect financing8 inte$$ectua$ %ro%erty %rotection8 environmenta$ %rotection8 com%etition $a/8 cor%orate ta:ation8 infrastructure contract8 cor%orate governance an& investment $a/ /ere a$most un2no/n efore 9"
$a/yer
CHAPTER 3
LAW6ERS R*+ESSI*,AL ETHI-S T* STATE A,3 7BLI-;
rofessiona$ ethics are a set of norms or co&es of con&uct8 set y %eo%$e in a s%ecific %rofession1 A co&e of ethics is &eve$o%e& for each %rofession1 rofessiona$ ethics for $a/yers in In&ia $ay &o/n a set of gui&e$ines /hich &efines their con&uct in the %rofession that is high$y com%etitive an& &ynamic1 In&ian $a/ re0uires $a/yers to oserve %rofessiona$ ethics to u%ho$& the &ignity of the %rofession1 eo%$e are sur%rise& /hen they hear that $a/yers are e:%ecte& to fo$$o/ %rofessiona$ ethics an& that they are accounta$e for &ishonest8 irres%onsi$e an& un%rofessiona$ ehaviour1 +urther8 most %eo%$e &o not 2no/ that $a/yers in In&ia can $ose the $icense to %ractice if they are foun& gui$ty of unethica$ %ractices that tarnish the &ignity of their %rofession1 A $a/yer must a&here to the %rofessiona$ norms8 for fair &ea$ing /ith his c$ient an& to maintain the &ignity of the %rofession1
CHAPTER 4
LAW6ERS A,3 ETHI-S; La/ touches every as%ect of $ife more so in commercia$i?e& uran cities for e:am%$e the &eve$o%ing ranches in matrimonia$8 consumer8 %o$$ution8 inte$$ectua$ %ro%erty8 hea$th8 e&ucation8 constitutiona$ rights8 human rights8 ta:es fees8 revenues8 foreign tra&e8 com%any $a/s8 Te$ecom $a/s so on an& so f orth1 Justice is great interest of man of earth1 Justice is a su%reme virtue1 It is in this conte:t a $a/yer come into eing1 The &ictionary meaning of $a/yer means the memer of $ega$ fraternity1 We fin& the reference of the ro$e of $a/yer in ancient te:ts1 The $ega$ %rofession e:iste& in Hin&u an& Bu&&hist times an& &uring the 4uga$ erio&1 The 71S1A1 /as the first civi$i?e& country to formu$ate the co&e of ethics for $ega$ %rofession1 As far as ac2 in #C8 the East In&ia -om%any ha& a%%ointe& the %$ea&er for civi$ suits an& from time to time their various acts8 enactment an& regu$ations /ere formu$ate& for the $ega$ %rofession1 The Lega$ ractitioner Act #C9 /as enacte& for the $ega$ %rofession1 In #9! In&ian Bar -ommittee /as constitute&1 In #9G# A$$ In&ia Bar -ommittee /as constitute& to $oo2 into various enactments1 Dra&ua$$y the -o&e of -on&uct /as a$so evo$ve& from time to time for the memers of $ega$ %rofession1 An& no/ A&vocates Act #9=# is enacte& y Dovernment of In&ia1 The Bar Association of In&ia announce& on #G th January8 #9=! co&e of ethics for the $ega$ %rofession1 7n&er the A&vocate
Denera$$y a $a/yer is %erceive& as &efen&er of the accuse& an& the genera$ conce%t of $a/ is on$y confine& to crimina$s ut that is not true1 *ne of the very im%ortant ro$e is that the $a/yers are a$so res%onsi$e for teaching of $a/1 In fact8 the Bar -ounci$ is res%onsi$e for im%arting $a/ e&ucation1 The %racticing $a/yers therefore8 teach in $a/ co$$ages1 They a$so %$ay im%ortant ro$e in $a/ reform1 By reason of his e:%erience gaine& in the &ai$y a%%$ication an& inter%retation of $a/s8 $a/yers are est a/are of its im%erfection of the $ega$ system1 An& they constitute the most com%etent c$ass of men to a&vise on $a/ reform1 The A&vocate o/es &uty to the c$ient8 court8 to the society an& to the %rofession1 The A&vocate o/es a very sustantia$ &uty to the %erson /ho %uts his $ife8 $ierty8 finances8 re%utation8 or genera$ ha%%iness into his han&s1 The c$ient must re$y on him at times for fortune an& character an& $ife1 His o$igation is to re%resent his c$ient8 any c$ient8 no matter ho/ unmeritorious the case8 no matter ho/ great a i$$Fre%ute& the man may e8 no matter ho/ un&eserving or un%o%u$ar his cause1 An A&vocate sha$$ not &isc$ose any matter communicate& to him in his %rofessiona$ ca%acity nor use any 2no/$e&ge otaine& in any other %rocee&ings e:ce%t /ith the consent of his c$ient1 An A&vocate is oun& to acce%t any %roof un$ess there are s%ecia$ circumstances 'ustifying his refusa$1 An A&vocate sha$$ &ec$ine to acce%t a rief in a case /here he e$ieves or $i2e$y to e ca$$e& as a /itness1 An A&vocate sha$$ not refuse the &efence of a %erson accuse& of crime if he %ersona$$y fee$s that he is gui$ty of crime an& once acce%te&8 he has to con&uct an& &efen& to the est of his ai$ity1 An A&vocate sha$$ not &ea$ /ith the c$ients %ro%erty so as to ac0uire any interest for %ersona$ enefit or gain y ta2ing a&vantage of confi&ence8 re%ose in him y his c$ient1 He shou$& not $en& any money8 to the c$ient for any action or $ega$ %rosecution1 He shou$& not ac0uire in any manner /hatsoever any interest in the su'ect matter of the $itigation1 He shou$& not stan& surety for his c$ient1 A&vocate sha$$ u%ho$& the -onstitution8 he$%ing the maintenance of the ru$es an& of $a/8 %romote the a&vancement of 'ustice an& assist in the enforcement of fun&amenta$ rights of the %eo%$e1 The $a/yers right to $ive an& to $ive y a%%$ication of his rain o%erates in the %rotection of every rights an& in the maintenance of every &efence authori?e& y the $a/ of the $an& is a %art of our -onstitution1 We have seen the era after In&e%en&ence an& seen the &eve$o%ment of asic fun&amenta$ rights1 We have a$so e:%erience the im%ortance of &uties an& rights of committe& $a/yers &uring Emergency1 Suse0uent$y a numer of im%ortant nationa$ issues have een ta2en u% y $a/yers an& have een effective in maintaining ethics of $a/ The &uty of an A&vocate to/ar&s the %rofession is that he sha$$ not s%ea2 i$$ of the %rofession ut sha$$ con&uct himse$f in a such a /ay as to enhance regar&8 res%ect sym%athy an& strive to maintain the honour an& &ignity of the %rofession1 An A&vocate sha$$ not &iscuss case or a%%ea$8 shou$& not &ivert or so$icit /or2 y a&vertisement1 An A&vocate sha$$ not engage interme&iaries for %rocuring /or21 An A&vocate sha$$ not engage himse$f in any other usiness or he shou$& not e a fu$$ time sa$arie& em%$oyee of any firm8 cor%oration8 concern1 An A&vocate may act as an aritration or um%ire1 An A&vocate is not su%%ose& to /ear his uniform8 roes or a
go/n in %u$ic or /hen a%%earing as /itness1 He shou$& e fair to his o%%onents1 He shou$& not a&o%t shar% %ractices1 He shou$& e %o$ite to e o%%onents1
CHAPTER 5
BREA-H *+ R*+ESSI*,AL ETHI-S B6 LAW6ERS; An a&vocate is the most accounta$e8 %rivi$ege& an& eru&ite %erson of the society an& his act are ro$e mo&e$ for the society8 /hich are necessary to e regu$ate&1 rofessiona$ miscon&uct is the ehaviour outsi&e the oun&s of /hat is consi&ere& acce%ta$e or /orthy of its memershi% y the governing o&y of a %rofession1# rofessiona$ miscon&uct refers to &isgracefu$ or &ishonoura$e con&uct not efitting an a&vocate1! -ha%ter 5 of the A&vocate Act8 #9=#8 &ea$s /ith the con&uct of A&vocates1 It &escries %rovisions re$ating to %unishment for %rofessiona$ an& other miscon&ucts1 Section G(#) of the A&vocate Act8 #9=# says8 /here on recei%t of a com%$ain other/ise a State Bar -ounci$ has reason to e$ieve that any a&vocate on its ro$$ has een gui$ty of %rofessiona$ or other miscon&uct8 it sha$$ refer the case for &is%osa$ to it &isci%$inary committee1 In &e%th the %rovisions are &iscusse& in the $ater %art1 4emers e$onging to this %rofession have not to encourage &eceitfu$ness an& corru%tion8 ut they have to strive to secure 'ustice to their c$ients1 The cre&ii$ity an& re%utation of the %rofession &e%en&s u%on the manner in /hich the memers of the %rofession con&uct themse$ves1 It
T( C"! O6 C"&!u/t P$-/$ib! F"$ A& A!%"/'t
The Bar -ounci$ Ru$es %rescrie a strict co&e of con&uct for a&vocates8 it has to fo$$o/; N" '!%$ti-i&7 "$ -"8i/iti&7 9"$:# it is against an a&vocate
# !
services through circu$ars8 a&vertisements8 touts8 %ersona$ communication or intervie/s not /arrante& y %ersona$ re$ations1 Simi$ar$y8 the fo$$o/ing forms of in&irect a&vertising are %rohiite&; (i) By issuing circu$ars or e$ection manifestos y a $a/yer /ith his name8 %rofession an& a&&ress %rinte& on the manifestos8 therey a%%ea$ing to the memers of the %rofession %ractising in the $o/er courts /ho are in a %osition to recommen& c$ients to counse$ %ractising in the H-1 (ii) -anvassing for votes y touring in the %rovince or sen&ing out his c$er2 or agents to the various &istricts8 /hich must necessari$y mean &irect$y a%%roaching a&vocates %ractising in suor&inate courts1 Further, the signoar& or name%$ate &is%$aye& y an a&vocate shou$& e of reasona$e si?e1 It shou$& not refer to &etai$s of an affi$iate& y the a&vocate i1e1 that he is or has een %resi&ent or memer of a ar counci$ or of any association8 or he has een a Ju&ge or an A&vocateFDenera$8 or that he s%ecia$ises in a %articu$ar 2in& of /or28 or that he is or /as associate& /ith any %erson or organisation or /ith any %articu$ar cause or matter1 N"t !m'&! 6- 6"$ t$'i&i&7# An a&vocate is restraine& from &eman&ing any fees for im%arting training to ena$e any %erson to 0ua$ify for enro$ment1 N"t u- &'m;-$%i/- 6"$ u&'ut("$i-! )$'/ti/# An a&vocate may not a$$o/ his %rofessiona$ services or his name to e associate& /ith8 or e use& for any unauthorise& %ractice of $a/ y any $ay agency1
,"t &t$ '))'$'&/ 9it("ut /"&-&t "6 t( '!%"/'t '8$'!* &7'7!# an a&vocate is %rohiite& from entering a%%earance in a case /here there is a$rea&y another a&vocate engage& for a %arty e:ce%t /ith the consent of such a&vocate1 Ho/ever if such consent is not %ro&uce&8 the a&vocate must state the reasons for not %ro&ucing it8 an& may a%%ear suse0uent$y8 on$y /ith the %ermission of the court1 Dut* t" "))"-it )'$t*# Whi$e con&ucting a case8 a $a/yer has a &uty to e fair not on$y to his c$ient ut a$so to the court8 an& to the o%%osite %arty1 An a&vocate for a %arty must communicate or negotiate /ith the other %arties regar&ing the su'ect matter of controversy8 on$y through the o%%osite %arty
The fo$$o/ing are the %roce&ures fo$$o/e&; (#) In e:ercise of %o/ers un&er Section G containe& in -ha%ter 5 entit$e& con&uct of a&vocates on recei%t of a com%$aint against an a&vocate (or suo motu) if the State Bar -ounci$ has reason to e$ieve that any a&vocate on its ro$$ has een gui$ty of
%rofessiona$ or other miscon&uct8 &isci%$inary %rocee&ing may e initiate& against him1 (!) ,either Section G nor any other %rovision of the Act &efines the e:%ression >$ega$ miscon&uct< or the e:%ression >miscon&uct<1 () The 3isci%$inary -ommittee of the State Bar -ounci$ is authorise& to inf$ict %unishment8 inc$u&ing remova$ of his name from the ro$$s of the Bar -ounci$ an& sus%en&ing him from %ractice for a %erio& &eeme& fit y it8 after giving the a&vocate concerne& an& the A&vocate Denera$ of the State an o%%ortunity of hearing1 (@) Whi$e un&er Section @!(#) of the Act the 3isci%$inary -ommittee has een conferre& %o/ers veste& in a civi$ court in res%ect of certain matters inc$u&ing summoning an& enforcing atten&ance of any %erson an& e:amining him on oath8 the Act /hich en'oins the 3isci%$inary -ommittee to affor& an o%%ortunity of hearing (Section G) to the a&vocate &oes not %rescrie the %roce&ure to e fo$$o/e& at the hearing1 (G) Ru$e C(#) of the sai& Ru$es en'oins the 3isci%$inary -ommittee to hear the concerne& %arties that is to say the com%$ainant an& the concerne& a&vocate as a$so the Attorney Denera$ or the So$icitor Denera$ or the A&vocate Denera$1 It a$so en'oins that if it is consi&ere& a%%ro%riate to ta2e ora$ evi&ence the %roce&ure of the tria$ of civi$ suits sha$$ as far as %ossi$e e fo$$o/e&1 C"&tm)t O6 C"u$t, Mi-/"&!u/t#
In the case R.K. Ananad vs. Registrar of Delhi HC C F'/t-# *n "th 4ay8 !"" a T5 ne/s channe$ ,3T5 carrie& a re%ort re$ating to a sting o%eration1 The re%ort concerne& itse$f /ith the ro$e of a &efence $a/yer an& the S%ecia$ u$ic rosecutor in an ongoing Sessions tria$ in /hat is common$y ca$$e& the B4W case1 *n #st 4ay8 !"" a 3ivision Bench of this -ourt8 on its o/n motion8 registere& a /rit etition an& issue& a &irection to the Registrar Denera$ to co$$ect a$$ materia$s that may e avai$a$e in res%ect of the te$ecast an& a$so &irecte& ,3T5 to %reserve the origina$ materia$ inc$u&ing the -3Kvi&eo %ertaining to the sting o%eration1 ISSUE#The 0uestion for our consi&eration is /hether 4r1 R11 Anan& an& 4r1 I171 han8 Senior A&vocates an& 4r1 Sri Bhag/an Sharma8 A&vocate have committe& crimina$ contem%t of -ourt or not1 It /as oserve& that %rima facie their acts an& con&uct /ere inten&e& to suvert the a&ministration of 'ustice in the %en&ing B4W case an& in %articu$ar inf$uence the outcome of the %en&ing 'u&icia$ %rocee&ings1 Accor&ing$y8 in e:ercise of %o/ers conferre& y Artic$e !#G of the -onstitution %rocee&ings for contem%t of -ourt (as &efine& in Section !(c) of the -ontem%t of -ourts Act8 #9!) /ere initiate& against 4r1 Anan&8 4r1 han an& 4r1 Sri Bhag/an Sharma an& they /ere as2e& to sho/Fcause /hy they shou$& not e %unishe& accor&ing$y1 HELD# court sai& that -ourts of $a/ are structure& in such a &esign as to evo2e res%ect an& reverence for the ma'esty of $a/ an& 'ustice1 The machinery for &is%ensation of 'ustice accor&ing to $a/ is o%erate& y the court1 rocee&ings insi&e
the courts are a$/ays e:%ecte& to e he$& in a &ignifie& an& or&er$y manner1 The very sight of an a&vocate8 /ho /as foun& gui$ty of contem%t of court on the %revious hour8 stan&ing in the court an& arguing a case or crossFe:amining a /itness on the same &ay8 unaffecte& y the contem%tuous ehaviour he hur$e& at the court8 /ou$& ero&e the &ignity of the court an& even corro&e the ma'esty of it esi&es im%airing the confi&ence of the %u$ic in the efficacy of the institution of the courts1 This necessitates vesting of %o/er /ith the H- to formu$ate ru$es for regu$ating the %rocee&ings insi&e the court inc$u&ing the con&uct of a&vocates &uring such %rocee&ings1 That %o/er shou$& not e confuse& /ith the right to %ractise $a/1 Thus court he$& that there may e /ays in /hich con&uct an& actions of a ma$efactor /ho is an a&vocate may %ose a rea$ an& imminent threat to the %urity of court %rocee&ings car&ina$ to any court
*n the asis of the sai& com%$aint &isci%$inary %rocee&ings /ere initiate& against res%on&ent ,o1 # y the Bar -ounci$ of 711 He /as foun& gui$ty of gross %rofessiona$ miscon&uct y ta2ing the enefit himse$f of a forge& an& faricate& &ocument /hich ha& een %re%are& at his ehest1 The 3isci%$inary -ommittee of the Bar -ounci$ of 711 &irecte& that res%on&ent ,o1 # e &earre& from %ractising as an a&vocate for a %erio& of t/o years from the &ate of the service of the or&er1 Res%on&ent ,o1 # fi$e& an a%%ea$8 the sai& a%%ea$ /as a$$o/e& y the 3isci%$inary -ommittee of the Bar -ounci$ of In&ia an& the or&er of the 3isci%$inary -ommittee of the Bar -ounci$ of 71 /as set asi&e on the vie/ that there /as no materia$ on the asis of /hich it cou$& reasona$y e he$& that res%on&ent ,o1 # ha& %re%are& the &ocument /hich /as suse0uent$y foun& forge& .
+urther the sumission of Shri 4ar2en&aya is that having regar& to the gravity of the miscon&uct of res%on&ent ,o1 # in assau$ting his o%%onent in the -ourt room /ith a 2nife an& his having een committe& the offence un&er Section "8 I11-1 an& his eing sentence& to un&ergo rigorous im%risonment for three years in connection /ith the sai& inci&ent8 the %unishment of remova$ of the name of res%on&ent ,o1 # from the ro$$ of a&vocates shou$& have een im%ose& on him an& that the 3isci%$inary -ommittee of the Bar -ounci$ of 71 1 /as in error in im%osing the $ight %unishment of &earring res%on&ent ,o1 # from %ractising as an a&vocate for a %erio& of three years on$y an& that this /as a fit case in /hich the a%%ea$ fi$e& y the a%%e$$ant shou$& have een a$$o/e& y the 3isci%$inary -ommittee of the Bar -ounci$ of In&ia1 HELD# +ina$$y court he$& that the res%on&ents name shou$& e remove& from the ro$$s1
In the case of Vinay chandra mishra, in re #" FACTS# In this case a senior a&vocate in on eing as2e& a 0uestion in the court starte& to shout at the 'u&ge an& sai& that no 0uestion cou$& have een %ut to him1 He threatene& to get the 'u&ge transferre& or see that im%eachment motion is rought against him in ar$iament1 He further sai& that he has turne& u% many Ju&ges an& create& a goo& scene in the -ourt1 He as2e& the 'u&ge to fo$$o/ the %ractice of this -ourt1 He /ante& to convey that a&mission is as a course an& no arguments are hear&8 at this stage1 But this act /as not on$y the 0uestion of insu$ting of a Ju&ge of this institution ut it is a matter of institution as a /ho$e1 In case &ignity of Ju&iciary is not eing maintaine& then /here this institution /i$$ stan&1 The concerne& 'u&ge /rote a $etter informing the inci&ent to the chief 'ustice of In&ia1 A sho/ cause notice /as issue& to him1 ISSUE# /hether the a&vocate ha& committe& a %rofessiona$ miscon&uct Is gui$ty of the offence of the crimina$ contem%t of the -ourt for having interfere& /ith an& ostructe& the course of 'ustice y trying to threaten an& overear the -ourt y using insu$ting8 &isres%ectfu$ an& threatening $anguage8 an& convict him of the sai& offence1 Since he is a senior memer of the Bar an& a$so a&orns the high offices such as those of the -hairman of the Bar -ounci$ of In&ia8 the resi&ent of the 711 H- Bar Association8 A$$ahaa& an& others8 his con&uct is oun& to infect the memers of the Bar a$$ over the country1 HELD# Thus 4r15inay -han&ra 4ishra /as sentence& to un&ergo sim%$e im%risonment for a %erio& of si: /ee2s an& he sha$$ stan& sus%en&e& from %ractising as an a&vocate for a %erio& of three years1
In the case of Raendra V. !ai Vs. Ale" #ernandes and $rs . %&'( (so$icitation of %rofessiona$ /or2) ISSUE AND HELD# -ourt he$& that &earring a %erson from %ursuing his career for his $ife is an e:treme %unishment an& ca$$s for caution an& circums%ection efore eing %asse&1 ,o &out %roity an& high stan&ar&s of ethics an& mora$ity in %rofessiona$ career %articu$ar$y of an a&vocate must e maintaine& an& cases of %rove& %rofessiona$ miscon&uct severe$y &ea$t /ith yet8 /e strong$y fee$ that the
%unishment given to the a%%e$$ant in the tota$ity of facts an& circumstances of the case is so &is%ro%ortionate as to %ric2 the conscience of the -ourt1 E:ce%ting the instances forming gravamen of the charge against the a%%e$$ant there &oes not a%%ear to have een any other occasion /here the a%%e$$ant may have &efau$te& or miscon&ucte& himse$f1 7n&oute&$y8 the a%%e$$ant shou$& not have in&u$ge& into %rosecuting or &efen&ing a $itigation in /hich he ha& a %ersona$ interest in vie/ of his fami$y %ro%erty eing invo$ve&1 In the case of Harish Chandra )iwari v. *ai+ %&( - b$'/( "6 t$u-t b* mi-'))$")$i'ti&7 t( '--t "6 /8i&t0 FACTS AND ISSUE# A%%e$$ant Harish -han&ra Ti/ari /as enro$$e& as an a&vocate /ith the Bar -ounci$ of the State of 7 in 4ay #9C! an& has een %ractising since then1 Res%on&ent Bai'u engage& the &e$in0uent a&vocate in a $an& ac0uisition case in /hich the res%on&ent /as a c$aimant for com%ensation1 The 3isci%$inary -ommittee has &escrie& the res%on&ent as an o$&8 he$%$ess8 %oor i$$iterate %erson1 -om%ensation of Rs1 C##CKF for the ac0uisition of the $an& of the sai& Bai'u /as &e%osite& y the State in the court1 A%%e$$ant a%%$ie& for re$easing the amount an& as %er or&ers of the court he /ith&re/ the sai& amount1 But he &i& not return it to the c$ient to /hom it /as %aya$e nor &i& he inform the c$ient aout the recei%t of the amount1 Long thereafter8 /hen the c$ient came to 2no/ of it an& after fai$ing to get the amount returne& y the a&vocate8 com%$iant /as $o&ge& y him /ith the Bar -ounci$ of the State for initiating suita$e &isci%$inary action against the a%%e$$ant1 HELD; -ourt he$& that among the &ifferent ty%es of miscon&uct envisage& for a $ega$ %ractitioner misa%%ro%riation of the c$ient
In the case of ham/h+ Ram 0adav v. Han+man Das Khatry , %&1( i&6"$mi&7 'b"ut b$ib,mi-/"&!u/t0 ISSUE AND HELD# -ourt u%he$& the or&er of ar counci$ of In&ia8 /hich he$& that the a%%e$$ant has serve& as a&vocate& for G" years an& it /as not e:%ecte& of him to in&u$ge in such a %ractice of corru%ting the 'u&iciary or offering rie to the 'u&ge an& he a&mitte&$y &eman&e& Rs1#"8 """ from his c$ient an& he ora$$y state& that suse0uent$y or&er /as %asse& in his c$ient
Hereafter the a%%e$$ant /i$$ not have any right to a%%ear in any -ourt of La/8 Triuna$ or any authority1 -ourt im%ose& a cost of Rs1 G8"""KF to the a%%e$$ant /hich shou$& e %ai& y the a%%e$$ant to the Bar -ounci$ of In&ia /hich has to e /ithin t/o months1 CONCLUSION# The ro$e of the $a/yers in the society is of great im%ortance1 They eing %art of the system of &e$ivering 'ustice ho$&s great reverence an& res%ect in the society1 Each in&ivi&ua$ has a /e$$ &efine& co&e of con&uct /hich nee&s to e fo$$o/e& y the %erson $iving in the society1 A $a/yer in &ischarging his %rofessiona$ assignment has a &uty to his c$ient8 a &uty to his o%%onent8 a &uty to the court8 a &uty to the society at $arge an& a &uty to himse$f1 It nee&s a high &egree of %roity an& %oise to stri2e a a$ance an& arrive at the %$ace of righteous stan&8 more so8 /hen there are conf$icting c$aims1 Whi$e &ischarging &uty to the court8 a $a/yer shou$& never 2no/ing$y e a %arty to any &ece%tion8 &esign or frau&1 Whi$e %$acing the $a/ efore the court a $a/yer is at $ierty to %ut forth a %ro%osition an& canvass the same to the est of his /its an& ai$ity so as to %ersua&e an e:%osition /hich /ou$& serve the interest of his c$ient an& the society1
b us i ne s s d i c t i o na r y . c o m/ …/ p r o f e s s i o na l mi s c o nd uc t . h t mla c c e s s e do n1 2 Ma r c h2 0 1 0 [ 1]www. n c e n t UOI , [ 2]Vi Vs . AI R19 87S C990 [ 3]h t t p: //www. i ndl a w. c o m/di s p l a y . a s p x ? 4 7 7 32 0 d7 5 e 3 f 4 0 6 f a f b 2 4 c 8 9 7 5 3 da 0 5 2 / [ 4]AppealNo.156of2007 [ 5]1 5 1( 2 0 0 8 )DL T6 9 5( De l . ,DB) [ 6]( 1998)4SCC409 [ 7]( 2002)4SCC21 [ 8]( 2009)8SCC106 [ 9][ 1997]RDSC87 [ 1 0 ]( 1995)2SCC584 [ 1 1 ]2003 ( 1) ALLMR( SC) 1169 [ 1 2 ]MANU/SC/0094 /1984 :198 4Cr i LJ 340 MA SC/ 1313/ 1998: [ 1 3 ] NU/ ( 1998) 8SCC624 [ 1 4 ][ 1995] 1SCR304 [ 1 5 ]1 9 9 5 Cr i LJ 2 9 1 0 [ 1 6 ]Supr aNot e6 [ 1 7 ]AI R200 2SC18 08 [ 1 8 ]2 0 0 2S CC( Cr i , )2 9 4( S C) :AI R2 0 0 2S C5 4 8 [ 1 9 ]( 2 0 0 1 )6S CC1 .1 6 5
CHAPTER >
CONCLUSION After ru$ing that reach of %rofessiona$ con&uct y $a/yers /as unacce%ta$e8 the Su%reme -ourt on 4on&ay acce%te& a%o$ogies from a grou% of a&vocates to save them from un&ergoing si: months in 'ai$ for ausing a +ari&aa& 'u&ge in o%en court in #9991 It /as senior a&vocate Ram Jethma$ani
+I+LIO1RAPHY
*$$K R2#2RR2D 3
• • • • •
San'eev Rao8 In&ian A&vocates Act8 #9#1 411 Jain8 In&ian Lega$ History (-ha%1 *n Lega$ rofession)1 rishna 4urthy Iyer
4R5
VII)2D $6
#1 htt%;KKf$ashne/sto&ay1comKin&e:1%h%KscFreachFofF%rofessiona$FethicsFyF$a/yersF unacce%ta$eK !1 htt%;KK///1theto%1inKne/sKreachFofF%rofessiona$FethicsFyF$a/yersFunacce%ta$eF sc 1 htt%;KKones%ot1/s'1comKin&ianF%o$iticsK!"##K"GK"9K!C#CKreachFofF%rofessiona$F ethicsFyF$a/yers @1htt%;KK$ite1e%a%er1timesofin&ia1comKget%age1as%: artic$esOyes%agei&O9ma:Otrueartic$ei&OAr""9""secti&O@e&i&Oe&$ae$OT*I -Hmy&ateHi&O#"F"GF!"##%unameOTimesPofPIn&ia Ghtt%;KK///1v%mthane1orgK$a/#KrincFArtic$esK-$ientQ-ounse$ingQforQTomorro/1%&f
REFERENCES# •
•
•
-1 Rama Rao8 61 5i'aya$a2shmi Tayaru8 61 ,ages/ara Rao8 Professional Ethics & Advocacy,5isa2ha%atnam # Dayatri Boo2s8 #9C1 rassa& Aniru&h8 Principles of the ethics of legal profession in India : accountancy for lawyers and bench-bar relations including contempt of court, Jai%ur 7niversity Boo2 House8 !""@1 Rai1 18 istory of courts, legislature & legal profession in India, +ari&aa& A$$ahaa& La/ Agency8 #9CG1
