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PERSONS PERSONS & FAMILY RELATIONS
SUCCESSION
OBLIGATIONS
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CONTRACTS
PROPERTY
LAND TITLES & DEEDS
SALES
CREDIT TRANSACTIONS TRANSACTIONS
AGENCY
PARTNERSHIP
TORTS & DAMAGES
PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL LAW
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Table of Contents Chapter I. Civil Personality..............................3 I. Concep Con ceptt and Classes Classes of Person Persons.. s..... ...... .....3 ..3 II. Capacity to Act and Restrictions Thereon..........................................................5 Chapter Chapter II. Citizenship Citizenship and Domicile Domicile ..............8 ..............8 I. Who are Filipinos Filipinos ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ......8 ..8 II. Domicile .................. ........................... .................. .................. ............8 ...8 Chapter III. Marriage.........................................9 I. Defini Def initio tion n and Nat Nature ure of Marriag Marriage e ...... .........9 ...9 II. Requisites Requisites of Marriage Marriage ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ ......9 ..9 III. Marriages Marriages Solemnized Solemnized Abroad..... Abroad......... .......11 ...11 IV. Presumption Presumption of Marriage..... Marriage......... ........ ........ ........11 ....11 Chapter Chapter IV. Void Marriages .................. ...........................13 .........13 I. Grounds Grounds ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ......13 ..13 II. II. Peri Period od to to File File Actio Action n or Rais Raise e Defen Defense se 15 III. Effects Effects of Nullity Nullity ...... .......... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........16 ....16 Chapter Chapter V. Voidable Voidable Marriages Marriages .................. .....................18 ...18 I. Ground Grounds s for Annulme Annulment nt (Art. (Art. 45, FC)..18 II. II. Marria Marriage ge When One Spouse Spouse Absent Absent ..21 III. Effe Effect cts s of Pend Pendin ing g Act Actions ions/D /De ecree cree (Art. 49, FC) .................. ........................... .................. .................. .............22 ....22 IV. Voidable Voidable v. Void Marriage Marriage.... ........ ........ ........ .......23 ...23 V. Voidable Voidable v. Legal Separation Separation ........ ............ ......23 ..23 VI. Jurisdiction .................. ........................... .................. ...............23 ......23 Chapter VI. Legal Separation, Divorce and De Facto Separation Separation ................... ............................ .................. ................24 .......24 I. Ground Grounds s for Leg Legal al Separa Separation... tion...... ...... ...... ....24 .24 II. Defenses Defenses ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .....25 .25 III. When to File/Try File/Try Actions Actions ........ ............ ........ ........ .....25 .25 IV. Effe Effect cts s of Fili Filing ng Peti Petiti tion on for for Lega Legall Separation.................. Separation........................... .................. .................. ................25 .......25 V. Effe Effect cts s of Decre Decree e for Lega Legall Separa Separati tion on 25 VI. Reconciliation ................. .......................... .................. ............26 ...26 VII. Divorce...... Divorce.......... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ......26 ..26 VIII. VIII. De Facto Separation..... Separation......... ........ ........ ........ ......27 ..27 Chapter VII. Rights and Obligations Between Husband Husband and Wife....................... Wife................................ .................. ..........28 .28 I. Obligat Obligation ions s of Spouse Spouses s (Arts. (Arts. 68-71, 68-71, FC) 28 II. II. Rights Rights of Spouse Spouses s (Arts. (Arts. 72-73, 72-73, FC)...28 III. Use of Surname Surname ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ......28 ..28 Chap Chapte terr VIII. VIII. Prop Proper erty ty Rela Relati tions ons Betwe Between en Spouses Spouses .................. ........................... .................. .................. .................. .............29 ....29 I. General General Provisions..... Provisions......... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .....29 .29 II. II. Donati Don ations ons by Rea Reason son of Marria Marriage ge ......30 ......30
III. III. Absolu Absolute te Commu Communit nity y of of Prope Property.... rty....... ....31 .31 IV. Conjugal Conjugal Partnershi Partnership p of Gains.......... Gains............34 ..34 V. Separation of Properties During Marriage.................... Marriage.............................. ................... .................. ................38 .......38 VI. VI. Prope ropert rty y reg regime ime of unio unions ns with withou outt marriage.................... marriage.............................. ................... .................. ................39 .......39 Chapter IX. The Family and the Family Home .........................................................................41 I. Family..... Family......... ........ ........ ........ ....... ....... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ......41 ..41 II. Family Home.......... Home.............. ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ...... 41 Chapter Chapter X. Paternity Paternity and Filiation ................43 ................43 I. Kinds of Filiation.... Filiation........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ......43 ..43 II. Impugni Impugning ng Leg Legiti itimacy macy (Art. (Art. 166 166)) ...... .........43 ...43 III. III. Proof Proof of Filia Filiatio tion n (Arts. (Arts. 172 172 and 175 175 (1)) (1)) 44 IV. Legitimatio Legitimation n (Arts. (Arts. 177 and 182)....... 182).........45 ..45 V. Righ Rights ts of Legi Legiti tima mate te and and Ille Illegi giti tima mate te Children (SSS).......................... (SSS)................................... .................. ........... 45 Chapter Chapter XI. Adoption Adoption .................. ........................... .................. ........... 46 I. RA 8552: Do Dome mes stic Adoption Act Act of 1998 199 8 46 II. Adopti Adoption on Proced Procedure ure und under er RA 855 8552 2 IRR IRR (Secs. 10-32) .................. ............................ ................... .................. ........... 47 III. III. RA 8043: 8043: Inte Inter-C r-Coun ountry try Adop Adoptio tion n Act of 1995 199 5 49 Chapter Chapter XII. Support Support .................. ............................ ................... ........... 51 I. Support... Support....... ........ ........ ........ ....... ....... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ......51 ..51 II. Who are Obliged Obliged to Support Support Each Each Other Other (Art. 195)......... 195) .................. .................. .................. .................. ..................51 .........51 III. III. Proper Propertie ties s Answera Answerable ble for for Support Support (Art. (Art. 197-198) .................. ........................... .................. .................. ..................52 .........52 IV. Order of Support Support (SDAB).......... (SDAB).............. ........ ......52 ..52 Chapter Chapter XIII. Parental Parental Authority........ Authority................. ............ ...53 53 I. Parental Parental Authority Authority ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ ........ .......53 ...53 II. Substitute and Special Parental Authority................... Authority............................ .................. .................. ..................54 .........54 III. III. Suspen Suspension sion or or Terminat Termination ion of Paren Parental tal Authority................... Authority............................ .................. .................. ..................55 .........55 IV. Rights Rights and Duties of Children Children ........ ............ ...... 55 Chapter Chapter XIV. Funerals.......... Funerals.................... ................... ................56 .......56 I. General General Guidelines Guidelines ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ ........ ...... 56
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Table of Contents Chapter I. Concept of Succession................59 I. Defi Defini niti tion on of of Succ Succes essi sion on (Ar (Art. t. 774, 774, CC) CC) 59 II. II. Openin Opening g of Succes Successio sion n (Art. (Art. 777 777,, CC)59 III. Kinds of Succession Succession (Art. (Art. 778, 778, CC) ....59 IV. Heirs .................. ........................... .................. .................. ................60 .......60
Chap Chapte terr V. Part Partit itio ion n and and Dist Distri ribu buti tion on of Estate .................. ........................... .................. ................... ................... ................83 .......83 I. Concept Concept of Partition Partition ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ ........83 ....83 II. Effects Effects of Partition..... Partition........ ....... ........ ........ ........ ........ .......84 ...84 III. Nullificatio Nullification n of Partition Partition ........ ............ ........ ........ .......84 ...84 IV. Important Important Periods Periods in Partition Partition ........ ............ ...... 85
Chapter II. Testamentary Succession Succession ..........61 ..........61 I. Concept Concept ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .......61 ...61 II. Testamentary Testamentary Capacity Capacity ........ ............ ........ ........ .......61 ...61 III. Formalities Formalities of Wills ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ ........ ......61 ..61 IV. IV. Qualifi Qualificat cation ions s of Witness Witnesses es to a Notari Notarial al Will Will 62 V. Qualifi Qualificat cation ions s of Witness Witnesses es tto o a Nota Notarial rial Will Will 63 VI. Institution of Heirs .................. ........................... .............63 ....63 VII. Appli plicable Prin rincipl iples of Private International Law ................. .......................... .................. ...............63 ......63 VIII. Codicils and Incorporation by Reference .................. ........................... .................. .................. ................64 .......64 IX. IX. Revo Revoca cati tion on of Wills and Testa Testamen menta tary ry Dispositions................... Dispositions............................ .................. .................. .............64 ....64 X. Allowan Allowance ce and Disallow Disallowanc ance e of Wills..65 Wills..65 XI. Substitutio Substitution n of Heirs.......... Heirs.............. ........ ........ ........ ......66 ..66 XII. Legitimes.. Legitimes...... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .......67 ...67 XIII. XIII. Preteritio Preterition.... n........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........69 ....69 XIV. Reserva Reserva Troncal Troncal ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ ........ .....69 .69 XV. Disinherita Disinheritance nce ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .....70 .70 XVI. Legacies Legacies and Devises..... Devises......... ........ ........ ........71 ....71
Chapt Chapter er VI. VI. Appl Applic icat atio ion n of the the Impo Import rtan antt Concept Concepts s throug through h Sample Sample Comput Computati ationa onall Problems........................ Problems................................. .................. .................. ...............86 ......86 I. Instituti Institution on of Heirs ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ ........ .......86 ...86 II. Legitimes.... Legitimes........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ...... 86 III. Inte Intestate state Succession..... Succession......... ........ ........ ........ ........ ......87 ..87 IV. Accretion .................. ........................... .................. ..................87 .........87 V. Collation Collation ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ......88 ..88
Chapter III. Intestate Succession..................74 I. Causes for Legal or Intestate Succession.................. Succession........................... .................. .................. ...............74 ......74 II. The Inte Intestate state or Legal Heirs....... Heirs........... ........ .....74 .74 III. III. Fund Fundame ament ntal al Under Underly lying ing Prin Princip ciple les s in Legal or Intestate Succession......................74 IV. Relationship Relationship (Arts. (Arts. 963-969, 963-969, CC) ........75 ........75 V. The Righ Rightt of Repr Repres esen enta tati tion on (Art (Art.. 970, 970, CC)) 75 CC VI. Order Order of Legal Legal or Intesta Intestate te Success Succession ion 76 VII. II. Con Co ncurr curre ence nce in Lega Legal or Inte Intest stat ate e Succession.................. Succession........................... .................. .................. ...............77 ......77 VIII. VIII. Outline Outline of Intest Intestate ate Shares Shares ...... ......... ...... ....77 .77 IX. Order Order of Conc Concurr urrenc ence e in the the Case Case of an Adopted Child (Art, 190, FC) .......................78 Chapter IV. Provisions Common to Testamentary and Intestate Succession .....79 I. Accretion Accretion ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .....79 .79 II. Capacity Capacity to Succeed Succeed ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ .......80 ...80 III. Acceptance and Repudiation of Inheritance .................. ........................... .................. .................. ...............81 ......81 IV. Collation Collation (Arts. 1061-1077, 1061-1077, CC)..........81 CC)..........81
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Table of Contents Chapter Chapter I. General General Provisions.......... Provisions................... .............91 ....91 I. Obligations Obligations ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ......91 ..91 II. Sources Sources of Obligations....... Obligations........... ........ ........ ........ .....91 .91 Chapter Chapter II. Nature and Effect of Obligations93 Obligations93 I. Kinds of Prestations Prestations ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ ........93 ....93 II. Breach Breach of Obligation... Obligation....... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .....94 .94 III. Fortuitous Fortuitous Event (Force (Force Majeure) Majeure) .......96 .......96 IV. Remedies Remedies to Credito Creditors rs ........ ............ ........ ........ ........96 ....96 V. Usur Usurio ious us Tran Transa sact ctio ions ns and and Ru Rule les s on Interest .................. ........................... .................. .................. .................. ............97 ...97 Chapter Chapter III. Different Different Kinds of Obligations Obligations ..98 I. Pure Pure and Con Condit dition ional al Obligat Obligation ions s ...... .......98 .98 II. Reciprocal Reciprocal Obligations Obligations ........ ............ ........ ........ ......100 ..100 III. Obligations Obligations with a Period Period ........ ............ ........ ......100 ..100 IV. IV. Altern Alternati ative ve and Facult Facultati ative ve Obligation Obligations s 101 V. Joint and Solidary Solidary Obligations Obligations ........ ..........103 ..103 Effe Effect cts s of Prej Prejud udic icia iall and and Bene Benefic ficia iall Acts Acts (Art.1212).......... (Art.1212) ................... .................. .................. .................. ..............105 .....105 VI. Divisible Divisible and Indivisible Indivisible Obligations..106 Obligations..106 VII. VII. Oblli Oblliga gati tion ons s with with a Pena Penall Clau Clause se ..106 ..106 Chapte Chapterr IV. Exting Extinguish uishment ment of Obligat Obligations ions .......................................................................107 I. Payment Payment or Perfor Performanc mance e ..... ........ ...... ...... ...... ....107 .107 II. Loss or Impossibility... Impossibility....... ........ ........ ........ ........ .......109 ...109 III. III. Cond Condon onat atio ion n or Remis Remissi sion on of the Debt Debt 109 IV. Confusion Confusion or Merger of Rights..........110 Rights..........110 V. Compensation....... Compensation........... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........110 ....110 VI. Novation .................. ........................... .................. .................111 ........111 Charts: Charts: Payment & Performance............ Performance................114 ....114
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Table of Contents Chapter I. General Provisions.....................122 I. Classificati Classification on of Contracts.. Contracts...... ........ ........ .......122 ...122 II. Elements Elements of Contracts.... Contracts........ ........ ........ ........ .......123 ...123 III. Stages Stages of Contracts.. Contracts...... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .....123 .123 IV. Charactert Charactertics ics of Contracts Contracts (MARCO) (MARCO) 123 Chapter II. Essential Requisites .................125 I. Consent Consent ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .....125 .125 II. Object ................... ............................ .................. .................. ...........127 ..127 III. Cause ................... ............................ .................. .................. ...........127 ..127 Chapter III. Forms of Contracts ..................129 I. Rules ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .....129 .129 II. Kinds of Formalities.. Formalities...... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .....129 .129 Chapter IV. Reformation of Contracts........130 Chapter V. Interpretation of Contracts.......130 Chapter VI. Defective Defective Contracts ......... .................131 ........131 I. Rescis Rescissib sible le Con Contra tracts cts (Arts. (Arts. 138 1380-1 0-1389 389)) 131 II. II. Void Voidab able le Con Contr trac acts ts (Art (Arts. s. 13901390-14 1402 02)) 132 III. III. Unen Unenfo forc rcea eabl ble e Con Contr trac acts ts (Art (Arts. s. 1403 1403-1408).......................... 1408)................................... .................. .................. ..............133 .....133 IV. Void or Inexis Inexistent tent Contracts Contracts (Arts. (Arts. 140914091422).......................... 1422)................................... .................. .................. ..............134 .....134
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11. Illegitimate children and surviving spouse Illegitimate children get ½ of the estate; the surviving spouse gets the other ½. (Art. 998, CC)
Chapter III. INTESTATE SUCCESSION
Divide the entire estate per capita, observing the 2 is to 1 ratio. (Arts. 975 and 1008, CC)
12. Surviving spouse only Entire estate goes to the surviving spouse. (Art. 994/995, CC )
21. Other collaterals (Arts. 1009 and 1010) a. Divide entire estate per capita. th b. Collateral relatives must be with the 5 degree of consanguinity. c. Note: the nearer relative excludes the more remote relatives.
13. Surviving spouse and illegitimate parents Illegitimate parents get ½ and the spouse gets the other ½ (by analogy with Art. 997, CC)
22. State If there are no other intestate heirs, the State inherits the entire estate through escheat proceedings. (Art. 1011, CC)
14. Surviving spouse and legitimate brothers and sisters, nephews and nieces Surviving spouse gets ½ of the estate, while the rest gets the other ½ with the nephews and nieces inheriting by representation if proper. (Art. 1001, CC ) 15. Surviving spouse and illegitimate brothers and sisters, nephews and nieces Surviving spouse gets ½ of the estate while the rest gets the other ½ with the nephews and nieces inheriting by representation, if proper; Note that all the other relatives should be “illegitimate” because of the ironcurtain rule. (Art. 994,CC) 16. Illegitimate parents only Entire estate goes to the illegitimate parents. (Art 993, CC) 17. Illegitimate parents and children of any kind (whether legitimate or illegitimate child) Illegitimate parents are excluded and do not inherit; For the rule on the respective shares of the children, see numbers 1, 2 or 10, whichever is applicable. 18. Legitimate brothers and sisters only Divide the entire estate such that full-blood brothers/sisters gets a share double the amount of a half-blood brother or sister. (Art. 1004 and 1006, CC ) 19. Legitimate brothers and sisters, nephews and nieces Divide the entire estate observing the 2 is to 1 ratio for full and half blood relationships with respect to the brothers and sisters, with the nephews and nieces inheriting by representation, if proper. (Art. 1005 & 1008, CC) 20. Nephews and nieces only
IX. Order of Concurrence in the Case of an Adopted Child (Art, 190, FC) (Asked in ’79, ’86, ’04 and ’07) SURVIVORS LC, ILC, SS LP or ascendants or ILP Adopter LP or ascendants or ILP or Adopter SS LP or ascendants Adopter ILC or descendants LP or ascendants Adopter SS ILC or descendants Adopter alone Collateral blood relatives
SHARE As in the case of ordinary intestate succession ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 1/3 1/3 1/3 Entire estate As in the case of ordinary intestate succession
78 N O I S S E C C U S
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Table of Contents Chap Chapte terr I: Background, Background, Basic Concepts Concepts and General Principles........................................239 I. Defini Def initio tions ns and Basic Basic Con Concep cepts ts ...... ........23 ..239 9 II. Nature Nature and stages........ stages............ ........ ........ ........ ........ .....240 .240 III. III. Purpose Purpose of of Registr Registration. ation..... ........ ........ ........ ........24 ....240 0 IV. Modes of Acquiring Acquiring Land Titles...... Titles.........240 ...240 V. Jurisdiction Jurisdiction ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........24 ....240 0 Chapter 2: Torrens Certificate of Title .......241 I. Origina Originall Certif Certifica icate te of Title Title or OCT....241 OCT....241 II. II. Transfer Transfer Certificate Certificate of Title....... Title........... ........ .....241 .241 III. Patents .................. ........................... .................. .................. ..........241 .241 Chapter 3: Original Registration.................242 I. Laws Law s Governi Governing ng Lan Land d Reg Registr istrati ation...24 on...242 2 II. Effect of Registratio Registration...... n.......... ........ ........ ........ .......242 ...242 III. Original Original Registratio Registration n Proceeding Proceeding ......242 ......242 IV. Attributes Attributes of and and Limitat Limitation ion In In Certifi Certificate cate of Title and Registered Land (FIIC) ...........247 V. Judi Judici cial al Conf Confir irma mati tion on of of Impe Imperf rfec ectt or Incompl Incomplete ete Titles. Titles... ..... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....249 .249 Chapter 4: Cadastral Registration Proceedings..................................................251 I. Steps in Cadastral Registration Proceedings .................. ........................... .................. .................. ...........252 ..252 Chapter 5: Subsequent Registration..........253 I. Two Types of Dealings.... Dealings........ ........ ........ ........ ......253 ..253 II. II. Nece Necess ssit ity y and and Effe Effect cts s of Regis Registr trat atio ion n 253 III. III. Volunt Voluntary ary vs. Involun Involuntar tary y Dea Dealing lings..25 s..253 3 IV. IV. Reg Regist istrat ration ion of Volunta Voluntary ry Instrume Instruments nts in General ................... ............................ .................. .................. .................254 ........254 V. Registration of Deeds of Sale and Transfers....................... Transfers................................ .................. .................. ...........255 ..255 VI. Mortgages Mortgages and Leases.. Leases...... ........ ........ ........ ........25 ....256 6 VII. VII. Powers Powers of Attorn Attorney; ey; Trusts Trusts ...... ......... .....25 ..257 7 VIII. VIII. Involuntary Involuntary Dealings Dealings ........ ............ ........ ........ .....257 .257
Chapter 6: Sys System of Registration ion of Unregistere Unregistered d Lands .................. ........................... .................. ........... 261 I. Key Points........ Points............ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ...... 261 II. Procedure Procedure ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ...... 261 Chapter Chapter 7: Registration Registration of Public Lands ...262 ... 262 I. Clas Classi sifi fica cati tion on of Land and of the the Publ Public ic Domain .................. ............................ ................... .................. .................262 ........262 II. Nature of Title to Public Lands Conveyed ................. .......................... ................... ................... ..............262 .....262 III. III. Proced Procedure ure of of Con Convey veying ing Publi Public c Land Land to a Private Person .................. ........................... .................. ............. ....262 262 IV. Direct Director or of Lands: Lands: Quasi-judi Quasi-judicial cial office officerr 263 V. Modes Modes of Aliena Alienatin ting g Publ Public ic Lan Lands: ds:... ..... 263 VI. Patents Patents ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ...... 263 Chapter 8: Remedies of the Aggrieved Party .......................................................................264 Chapter Chapter 9: Reconstituti Reconstitution on 0f Titles Titles ........... ........... 266 I. Grounds Grounds ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........266 ....266 II. Petitions Petitions for Reconstitu Reconstitution tion ........ ............ .......266 ...266 III. Duties of the Land Registratio Registration nA Authori uthority ty 266 IV. Effects of Fraud, Deceit and Machination Machination in the Reconstitutio Reconstitution n of Titles 266
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Table of Contents Chapter Chapter I. The Contract of Sale ................. ..................269 .269 I. Definition Definition (Art 1458, CC)........... CC)............... ........269 ....269 II. Elements Elements ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .......269 ...269 III. Stages .................. ........................... .................. .................. ...........274 ..274 IV. Kinds of of Sale ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .....275 .275 V. Form .................. ........................... .................. .................. ..............276 .....276 VI. Sale Distinguished From Other Contracts................. Contracts.......................... .................. .................. .................276 ........276 Chap Chapte terr II. II. Obli Obliga gati tion ons s of the the Sell Seller er and and Buyer .................. ........................... .................. .................. .................. ................278 .......278 I. Obligations Obligations of the Seller.......... Seller.............. ........ ......278 ..278 II. Obligations Obligations of the Buyer....... Buyer........... ........ ........ .....284 .284 Chapter Chapter III. Double Sales .................. ........................... ...........286 ..286 I. General General Rule ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .....286 .286 II. Requisites .................. ........................... .................. ..............286 .....286 III. III. Ru Rule les s Gove Govern rnin ing g Sale Sale of Mo Mova vabl bles es,, Immovables and Unregistered Lands........286 Chapter Chapter IV. Risk of Loss.................... Loss............................. ..........288 .288 I. General General Rule ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .....288 .288 II. Exceptions.... Exceptions........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .....288 .288 Chapter Chapter V. Documents Documents of Title................ Title....................289 ....289 I. In General General ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .....289 .289 II. II. Negoti Neg otiabl able e Docu Document ments s of Title.... Title...... ..... ....289 .289 III. III. Non Non-Ne -Negot gotiab iable le Document Documents s of of Title..289 Title..289 Chapter VI. Remedies of the Seller and Buyer .......................................................................291 I. Gene Genera rall Re Reme medi dies es (Art. 1191, CC )...291 )...291 II. Remedies Remedies of the Seller....... Seller........... ........ ........ .......291 ...291 III. Remedies Remedies of of the the Buyer..... Buyer......... ........ ........ ........ .....295 .295 Chapter Chapter VII. Extinguishmen Extinguishmentt of Sale ..........298 ..........298 I. In General General ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .....298 .298 II. Conventional Conventional Redemption.... Redemption........ ........ ........ .....298 .298 III. Equitable Equitable Mortgage Mortgage ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ .......299 ...299 IV. Legal Redemption Redemption ........ ............ ........ ........ ........ ........ .....300 .300 Chapter VIII. Philippine Bulk Sales Law (Act 3952) .................. ........................... .................. .................. .................. .................303 ........303 I. Purpose Purpose.... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .....303 .303 II. Coverage....................... Coverage................................ .................. ...........303 ..303 III. Duty of Seller....................... Seller................................ ..............303 .....303 IV. Effect of non-co non-complianc mpliance... e....... ........ ........ ........304 ....304
