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Descripción: Resumen Sobre El Area 51
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Descripción: curvas estandarizadas del rele 51
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ENTROPY Entropy Change during an Isothermal Process
1.A piston-cylinder device contains a liquid-vapor mixture of water at 300 K. During a constant pressure process, !0 "# of $eat is transferred to t$e water. As a result, part of t$e liquid in t$e cylinder vapori%es. Determine t$e entropy c$ange of t$e water during t$is process. Entropy Generation during Heat Transfer Processes
&.A $eat source at ' 0 0 K loses & 0 0 0 "# of $eat to a sin" at (a) ! 0 0 K and ( b) ! 0 K. Determine w$ic$ $eat transfer process is more irreversi*le. 3. An energy-source at 1000 K transfers $eat to a completely reversi*le $eat engine. +$is engine transfers $eat to a sin" at 300 K. ow muc$ $eat must *e transferred from t$e energy-source to increase t$e entropy of t$e energy-sin" *y &0 "#K /. eat in t$e amount of 100 "# is transferred directly from a $ot reservoir at 1&00 K to a cold reservoir at 00 K.alculate t$e entropy c$ange of t$e two reservoirs and determine if t$e increase of entropy principle is satisfied.
!. 2n t$e previous pro*lem, assume t$at t$e $eat is transferred from t$e cold reservoir to t$e $ot reservoir contrary to t$e lausius statement of t$e second law. rove t$at t$is violates t$e increase of entropy principle4as it must according to lausius. . A completely reversi*le $eat pump produces $eat at a rate of 300 "5 to warm a $ouse maintained at &/6. +$e exterior air, w$ic$ is at 6, serves as t$e source. alculate t$e rate of entropy c$ange of t$e two reservoirs and determine if t$is $eat pump satisfies t$e second law according to t$e increase of entropy principle. . A refrigerator wit$ a coefficient of performance of / transfers $eat from a cold region at 4 &06 &0 6 to a $ot region at 306. alculate t$e total entropy c$ange of t$e regions w$en 1 "# of $eat is transferred from t$e cold region. 2s t$e second law satisfied 5ill t$is refrigerator still satisfy t$e second law if its coefficient of performance is '. alculate t$e rate of entropy c$ange of all t$e components of a refrigerator t$at uses 10 "5 of power, re7ects 1/ "5 of $eat, and $as a $ig$-temperature energy reservoir at /00 K and a lowtemperature energy reservoir at &00 K. 5$at is t$e rate of cooling produced *y t$is refrigerator 2s t$is refrigerator completely reversi*le Entropy Change of Incompressible ubstances
8. A !-"g copper *loc" initially at 1106 is dropped into an insulated tan" t$at contains 10 9 of water at 1!6. Determine t$e final equili*rium temperature and t$e total entropy c$ange for t$is process.
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10. A 30-"g aluminum *loc" initially at 1/06 is *roug$t into contact wit$ a /0-"g *loc" of iron at 06 in an insulated enclosure. Determine t$e final equili*rium temperature and t$e total entropy c$ange for t$is process. 11. A !0-"g iron *loc" and a &0-"g copper *loc", *ot$ initially at '06, are dropped into a large la"e at 1!6. +$ermal equili*rium is esta*lis$ed after a w$ile as a result of $eat transfer *etween t$e *loc"s and t$e la"e water. Determine t$e total entropy c$ange for t$is process. Entropy Changes of Ideal Gases
1&.Air is compressed from an initial state of 100 "a and 16 to a final state of 00 "a and !6. Determine t$e entropy c$ange of air during t$is compression process *y using (a) property values from t$e air ta*le and (b) average specific $eats. 13. 5$ic$ of t$e two gases4 $elium or nitrogen4experiences t$e greatest entropy c$ange as its state is c$anged from &000 "a and /&6 to &00 "a and &6 1/. Air is expanded from &000 "a and !006 to 100 "a and !06. Assuming constant specific $eats, determine t$e c$ange in t$e specific entropy of air. 1!. A piston-cylinder device contains 0.! "g of nitrogen gas at 1/0 "a and 36. +$e gas is now compressed slowly in a polytropic process during w$ic$ PV'3 : constant. +$e process ends w$en t$e volume is reduced *y one-$alf. Determine t$e entropy c$ange of nitrogen during t$is process. !"# A constant-volume tan" contains ! "g of air at 100 "a and 3&6. +$e air is cooled to t$e surroundings temperature of &6. Assume constant specific $eats at 300 K. (a) Determine t$e entropy c$ange of t$e air in t$e tan" during t$e process, in "#K, (b) determine t$e net entropy c$ange of t$e universe due to t$is process, in "#K, and (c) s"etc$ t$e processes for t$e air in t$e tan" and t$e surroundings on a single T-s diagram. ;e sure to la*el t$e initial and final states for *ot$ processes. !$# A container filled wit$ /! "g of liquid water at 8!6 is placed in a 80-m3 room t$at is initially at 1&6. +$ermal equili*rium is esta*lis$ed after a w$ile as a result of $eat transfer *etween t$e water and t$e air in t$e room.
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