DAS- 29
-
Bel gr ade ade 2012
ADANU Bl A-
ADRI A
Sym Sym pos pos i umon Advances i n ec hanii c s Exper Exper i ment ent al Mechan
Ser bi an
Soci et y
ec hani c s of Mechani
Uni ver ver si t y of Bel gr gr ade ade
Facu Fa cull t y of
Mechani ec hani c al
Engi ngi nee eerr i ng
26t h - 29 29t h, 2012 Sept ember 26
Bel gr ade, ade,
Ser bi a
Cont ent
MI CRO- CT/ MI CROMECHAN1CS- BASED UNLOADI NG TESTS
STATI C
M O DULUS
POLYMER- CERAMI C
QUASI -
AND
ELEM ENT M O DEL S
CONSI STENT VALUES
DELI VER
RAPI D- PROTOTYPED
OF
FI NI TE
FOR
TI SSUE
YOUNG' S
ENGI NEERI NG
SCAFFOLD
Krzysztof Woj ci ech Luczynski , Al exander Dej aco, Ol af Lahayne,
J akub J ar osz ewi cz ,
Woj ci ech Swi esz kowski , 2
Chr i st i an Hel l mi ch
I NVESTI GATI ON OF EFFECTS OF STRENGTHENI NG OF FLOWOF
A
BRI DGE PI ER ON THE
FLO O D
THE RI VER DANUBE
Bori s Huber , Nor ber t
4
Kr ouzecky
DRYI NG SHRI NKAGE OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES STRENGTHENED BY
O VERLAYS
6
Yvonne Thei ner , Gi i nt er Hof st et t er
I THI N- TREE VARI ABI LI TY OF NANOI NDENTATI ON TO STUDY W
W O O D
CELL
W AL L
STI FFNESS
Leopol d Wagner ,
Thom as K.
8
Bader , Kar i n de Borst , J osef Eber har dst ei ner
HELI CAL COMPOSI TE SPRI
NGS
10
Ri char d Zemann, Fri edri ch Bl ei cher
AUTOMATI C
DETERMI NATI ON
OF CRACK
PARAM ETERS
FOR
TM F
LOADED
SPECI MEN Al eksandar
M ODEL
St anoj evi c, Ger har d Wi nt er , Fl or i an Gr i i n
12
PONENTS OF DEVI ATI ONS FOR FOR THE REDUCTI ON OF COM
CO O RDI NATE
MEASURI NG MACHI NES Rene Pr ahl , Rei nhar d Zi
14
sser - Pf ei f er
DETECTI ON OF STRUCTURAL
DAM AGES
I N CRP MATERI
ALS BASED
O N I
NFRARED
I MAGI NG AND FFT Lovre
Kr st ul ovi c- Opar a, Endr i Gar af ul i c, Br anko Kl ari n, Zel j ko Domaz et ,
Pet ar J ur i c
16
APPL I CATI ON OF THE OPTI CAL SYSTEM ARAMI S FOR DETERMI NI NG THE STABI LI TY
OF EXTERNAL FLXATOR Fr ane Pamukovi c ,
Mar t i n
Sur j ak, J
anos
Kodvanj
18
DETECTI ON OF OSMOTI C DAMAGES I N GRP BOAT HULLS
Lovr e
Kr st ul ovi c- Opar a, Endr i Gar af ul i c, Zel j ko Domazet
20
APPL I CATI ON OF OPTI
CAL M EASUREM ENT
FOR SI MULATI ON I
M PRO VEM ENT
Mar ko J ur i si c, Nenad Dr var
22
TESTI NGOF THE RAI LW AY BRI DGE " SAVA J AKUSEVAC" AFTER REPARATI ON Mar i na Fr anci
c, Domagoj Damj anovi c, Ml adenko Rak
24
EXPERI MENTAL I NVESTI GATI ON OF THE COLL APSED STEEL BRI DGE /.
Duvnj ak,
Kr ol o, M. Bar t ol ac,
M. Rak, J .
TESTI NG THE TI Nenad Tur ci c,
M BER -
M. Fr anci c
26
LI GHTW EI GHT CONCRETE COMPOSI TE GI RDER SAMPL ES
Mi l j enko Hai man, J
EXPERI MENTAL
DEFORM ATI O N
osko Krol o
TESTI NG
O F
28
PRECAST
FOR
POLES
CO NCRETE
OVERHEAD
ELECTRI CAL LI NES 30
Mar ko Bart ol ac, J osko Kr ol o, I van Paska
STATI C,
DYNAM I C AND FATI
Domagoj Damj anovi c,
DEPENDENCE
OF
GUE TESTI NG OF RAI
Ml adenko Rak,
I van Duvnj ak,
LW AY
SLEEPERS
Mar i na Fr anci c, Sl avi sa Pl ani c
CABLE F UNDAM ENTAL
FREQUENCY
32
ON BENDI
NG STI
FFNESS,
STRESS AND BOUNDARY CONDI TI ONS
Tanj a I l i j as, Domagoj Damj anovi c, J
TW O
osko Kr ol o
34
SCALE FULL- FI ELD MEASUREM ENT
Zvoni m i r
Tomi cevi c , Fr anqoi s Hi l d, J anos Kodvanj
SHEAR M OD UL US TESTI
ON SPHEROI
, St ephane Roux,
DAL GRAPHI TE CAST I RON
Ant e Baki c
36
NG METHOD FOR ELASTOMERI C BEARI NGS
Ana Skender , Domagoj Damj anovi c , Zel i mi r Si muni c
STABI LI TY
OF
38
THI N- W ALL ED SYMMETRI CAL
AND
NO N- SYM M ETRI CAL
OPEN-
SECTI ON BEAMS Di ana Si mi c, Ana Radi c
A
40
FOUR EL EMENT VI SCO- ELASTI C W I NDKESSEL
Zdr avko Vi r ag, Fabi
M ODEL
OF THE ARTERI AL TREE
j an Lul i c, I van Kor ade
MI CROPL ASTI C LI MI T AS
DETERM I NED BY
42
THE
I NDUCTANCE
AND RESI
STANCE
M ETHO D
Lubomi r
Gaj dos,
Mar t i n
Sper l
44
DAM AGE
I MPACT
USI NG
DETECTI ON
SENSORS/ ACTUATORS
PI EZOELECTRI C
NETW ORK 46
Mi l an Ruzi cka, Pet er Kost ur
METHODOLOGY OF MULTI AXI AL FATI GUE TEST SI MPLI FI CATI ON J akub Vdgner , Bohumi l
Cul ekj r. ,
48
Bohum i l Cul ek.
I NVESTI GATI ON OF VERTI CAL RESPONSE OF MECHANI CAL SYSTEMS
Fi l l emon N.
50
Nangol o
I NTRODUCTI ON I N THE SYSTEM OF THE SPLI T HOPKI NSON PRESSURE VALI DATI ON OF THE Tabea
BAR AND
M ETHO D
Wi l k, Mat t hi as Bar t hol mai ,
52
W er ner Daum
I TH J ET EL ECTROCHEMI CAL MACHI NI NG FAST MI CROMI LLI NGW Mat t hi as Hacker t - Oschdt zchen, Gunnar Mei chsner , Andr e Mar t i n, Henni ng Zei dl er , Andr eas Schuber t
ACCELERATED
PRECI SI ON
M ANUFACTURI NG THROUGH
54
EL ECTRO DI SCHARGE
I TH ULTRASONI C VI BRATI ON ASSI STANCE MACHI NI NG W
Henni ng Zei dl er , Mar t i n Hahn, J brg Schnei der ,
DI AGNOSTI CS
CO M PLEX
OF
THE
Mat t hi as Hacker t - Oschdt zchen, Andr eas Schuber t
CUTTI NG PROCESS
OF
M ETAL
56
COMPOSI TE
STRUCTURES
Fer enc Domot or
A
COMPUTER- BASED
58
M EASUREM ENT
M ETHO D
FOR
EXPL AN TED CORONARY
STENTS M. Ban, A.
60
Kertesz, E. Bogndr .
THE EFFECT OF ORI GI NATI ON
M ETHO D
HUM AN KNEE TO THE PRO STHESI
Gdbor Kat ona,
OF ANATOMI CAL COODI NATE SYSTEM OF
S DESI GNI NG AND I MPL ANTATI ON
Bel a M. Csi z madi a
62
THE EFFECT OF STENT POSI TI ONI NG DURI NG EL ECTROPOLI SHI NG
Akos Lengyel , Eszt er Bogndr , J dnos
Dobr dnsz ky
64
BI ODEGRADABLE POLYMER COATI NGS FOR STENTS Tor da Ldszl d
Sel l ey, Andr ds Szi l dgyi ,
Eszter
Bogndr
66
VALI DATI ON OF NUM ARI CAL ANALYSI S RESULTS I N CASE OF RAPI D PROTOTYPI NG BY
EXPERI MENTS USI NG OPTI CAL TECHNI QUES
Pet er Fi czere,
Laj os Bor bas
68
I NTELLI GENT LOAD CELL
AS A NEWM EDI
Pet er Mol ndr , I st vdn Nemet h, Ldszl o Farkas,
CAL AI D
Ti bor J uhdsz
70
QUALI FI CATI ON METHODS ON SPECI FI C STRUCTURES:
KNEE
PROSTHESES
Gdbor Pet er Bal assa, Gdbor Kat ona
NEW
PROCEDURE
TO
72
COMBI NE
CAD
MODELI NG
SI MULATI ON
FEM
BARKHAUSEN- NOI SE STRESS ANALYSI S I N SHEET METAL FORMI Gdbor
Bal ogh,
74
CRO GRAVI TY
RI NGS
PROBABI LI TY
Nat hal i e St ei mber g, Gi ovanna Mazzol eni
EVALUATI O N
BASED ON LCF EXPERI
Gi or gi o Ol mi ,
BI AL EPI PHYSEAL EXPL ANTS
CONDI TI ONS
Fr ancesco Cos m i , Sal vat ore Scozzese,
FAI LURE
NG
I st vdn Szabo
QUANTI TATI VE STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT OF RAT TI KEPT I N M I
AND
76
O F TURBO GENERATOR
MENTAL DATA
CAL STATES AND LO
COI L
RETAI NI NG
OF LOAD
78
Al essandr o Fr eddi .
FATI GUE STRENGTHENI NG OF CRANKSHAFTS
BY
DEEP ROLLI NG
G. Ni col et t o, E. Ri va, A. Sal et t i
EFFECT OF MI
80
CRO STRUCTURE ON M UR ECHANI CAL BEHAVI O
COM PACTED CAST I
OF SPHEROI DAL AND
RONS
Nenad Radovi c, Andr ea Mor r i , Al ess andr o Mor r i ,
Gi angi acomo Mi
82
nak
HYDROELASTI C SLAMMI NG OF COMPOSI TE PLATES Ri cc ar do Panci rol i ,
Gi angi acomo Mi
FATI GUE DAMAGE OF
nak
84
AL/ SI C COMPOSI TES
-
MACROSCOPI C
AND MI
CROSCOPI C
ANALYSI S
Zbi gni ew L. Kowal ewski , Agni eszka Rut ecka, Kat ar zyna Makowska, Kr yst yna Pi et r zak MI CROSTRUCTURE
AND M ECHANI CAL
86
ER TURBI NE BLADES PROPERTI ES OF POW
AFTER 25 YEARS OF OPERATI ON
Al yona Bashi r ,
Wl odz i mi er z Dudzi nski , Pi ot r Smi et ana, Mar ek Dudzi nski
QUALI TATI VE EVALUATI PROPERTI ES
BY
ON
OF
STRUCTURAL DEGRAD ATI O N AND
88
MECHANI CAL
MEANS OF BARKHAUSEN AND MAGNETOACOUSTI C EMI SSI ON
Kat arz yna Makowska, Zbi gni ew L. Kowal ewski
THE ANALYSI S OF
Rober t SOLTYS1AK
TH E LO CAL
90
ELDED J OI NTS MATERI ALS PROPERTI ES I N THE W
92
OF
OPTI MI ZATI ON
QUALI TY
CRYOGENI C
EXPERI MENTAL
PATHS
M EASUREM ENT
STAND
FOR
I NCLUDED
TESTI NG
TENSI LE
AT
IN
THE
ULTRA- LOW
TEMPERATURES 94
J akub Tabi n
EXPERI MENTAL ANALYSI S OF THE STABI LI TY
O F
THE OBLI
QUE
FEM UR
FRACTURE,
EDULLARY RODS I TH I NTRAM SECURED W 96
Mar ek Kul i g
AN I
NFLUENCE OF CYCLI C TORSI ON
PARAM ETERS ON TENSI
LE CHARACTERI STI C
VARI ATI ON 98
Zbi gni ew L. Kowal ewski , Tadeusz Szymczak
I NFLUENCE
OF
PRESTRAI N
THE
ON
PROPERTI ES
M ECHANI CAL
- 6063 OF AW
Y ALUM I NUMALLO
Tom asz Tom aszewski
M AGNETI C FI
100
, J anusz Sempr uch
ELD I NVESTI GATI ONS
FOR
A M AGNETO CALO RI C L ABORATORY TEST
STAND
Agat a Czer nusz ewi cz, J erzy Kal et a, Dani el Lewandowski , Pr zemysl aw Wi ewi or ski
BASI C ANALYSI S OF SI NGLE
CRYSTAL NI M NG A
102
MI CROSTRUCTURE
J er zy Kal et a, Dani el Lewandowski , Daj ana Sawi cka
104
APPLI CATI ON OF M AGNETORHEOLOGI CAL ELASTOMERS I N VI BRATI ON DAMPER
Mi chal Przybyl
ski , J erzy Kal et a,
MAGNETOSTRI CTr VE
Dani e
Lewandowski , Mi chal Kr ol ewi cz
COMPOSI TES
BASED
ON
106
TERFENOL- D
PARTI CLES
W I TH
DEFI NED POLARI ZATI ON
108
J er zy Kal et a, Dani el Lewandowski , Raf al Mec h
PREEL I MI NARY TESTI NG OF ZI RCONI UM DI OXI DE
-
A COM PARI SO N
OF SELECTED
DENTAL CERAMI C Mat eusz
Wi r wi c ki , Tomas z Topol i f i ski
MULTI POI NT
GENERATI ON
110
OF
GUI DED
W AVES
IN
PI PES.
EXPERI MENTAL
VALI DATI ON. Cr i st i an Cat al i n
PETRE,
Mi hai Val ent i n PREDOI , Mar i an SOARE
112
MULTI POI NT GENERATI ON OF GUI DED W AVES I N PI PES. FI NI TE EL EMENTS M ODEL. Mi hai
Val ent i n PREDOI , Cr i st i an Cat al i n PETRE
114
AUTO M ATI C
I NSTALLED
CO M PENSATI O N
ON M ARI NE
THE
OF
LOAD' S
BALANCE
TI LTI NG SYSTEM
BY
CRANES.
Cot r um ba Mi r el a, Radoi u Bogdan, Pi nt i l i e Al exandr u
EXPERI MENTAL DETERMI NATI ON OF ERI FOR NUM
CAL SI
MULATI ON OF THE
116
M ECHANI CAL
CHARACTERI STI CS OF STEEL
W ELDI NG PROCESS.
Fl ori n BAC1U, St ef an- Dan PASTRAMA, Hor i a GHEORGHI U, Dani el VLASCEANU
DENSI FI CATI ON AND ENERGY EFFI CI ENCY OF POLYURETHANE
Dr agos Al exandr u APOSTOL,
Dan Mi hai
THE
EVALUATI ON OF
118
FO AM S
CONSTANTI NESCU, Li vi u MARSA VI NA, Emanoi l L I NUL
OF
FRACTURE TO UG HNESS
120
GPL
EPO XY
Mar i n SANDU
122
M W NT
AND
NANOCOMPOSI TES Dan Mi
hai CONSTANTI NESCU, Cat al i n R. PI CU,
FATI GUE
OF
PROPERTI ES
X70
Dr agos Al exandr u APOSTOL,
MI CROALLOYED
PI PELI NE STEEL AFTER
SHOT
PEENI NG APPL I CATI ON Kat ari na Mi kovd,
Mar i o
Guagl i ano, Ot akar Bokuvka, Li bor Trsko,
FATI GUE PROPERTI ES OF STRUCTURAL STEEL I NFLUENCED BY Li bor Tr sko, Ot akar Bokuvka,
Woj ci ech Zor awski ,
M I CRO STRUCTURE AND
124
Fr ant i sek Novy
SAND BLASTI
NG 126
Fr ant i sek Novy
THE PROPERTI ES
O F
ALSI 6CU4 CAST ALL OY AFTER
SB-
MODI FI CATI ON Mar i a Far kasovd, Eva Ti
THE
STRUCTURAL
Lenka
l l ovd, Mar i a Chal upovd
128
ANALYSI S OF SECONDARY
( RECYCLED) ALSI
9CU3 CAST ALLOY
Hur t al ovd, Eva Ti l l ovd, Mar i a Chal upovd
EFFECTS OF SURFACE FI NI SHI NG
130
ON LO CAL
CORROSI ON OF 316- TI
STAI NLESS
STELS Tat i ana
Li pt dkovd, Pavol Faj nor,
132
Moni ka Hal amovd
I NFLUENCE OF AZ61 STRUCTURE ON
TH E
PLASTI C
DEFORM ATI O N AROUND A
CRACK
Pet er Pal cek, I vana Hl avdcovd,
Mar i a
134
Chal upovd
ACOUSTI C PROPERTI ES OF GRANULAR W ASTE TI RES
Andr ej a Popi t , Anat ol i ] Ni konov, I gor Emr i THE
136
ALGO RI THMFOR AUTOM ATED TI
Mar i na
Ger gesova, Bar bar a Zupanci c,
I van
ME- TEMPERATURE SUPERPOSI TI ON
Sapr unov, I gor Emr i
138
LASER ENERGY TECHNOLOGY OF HARDENI NG
Mat ej Babi c, Mat j az Mi l f el ner, Pet er Kokol
140
USE FRACTAL ANALI SYS FOR DESCRI BE MECHANI CAL PROPERTY OF ROBOT LASER HARDENED MATERI AL
Mat ej Babi c, Mat j az Mi l f el ner , Pet er Kokol
EXPERI MENTAL DYNAMI Val ent i no
C
142
ANALYSI S OF BRI DGES
Gol ubovi c- Bugar ski
/ 44
BI OMECHANI CS OF TUBULI N, MI CROTUBULES
AND THEI
R ORGANEL LES
Dj ur o Kor uga
146
AFMSURFACE ROUGHNESS /.
Dj ur i ci c,
PRE-
I . Mi l eusni c , A.
AND
Debel j kovi c, M. Radovanovi c,
D.
Kor uga
POST- BRUSHI NG NANOSCALE SURFACE
POSI AND NANOHYBRI D COM
I gor Hut ,
ANALI SYS OF EYE POSI TI ONI NG CONTACT LENS
Mar i na
150
ROUGHNESS
OF MI CROHYBRI D
TE RESI N DENTAL FI LL I NGS
Mar j anovi c, J ovana Kuz manovi c, Li di j a Mat i j a
HOW I NCORPORATED
NANOMATERI ALS
MECHANI CAL
CAL PROPERTI ES
AND OPTI
154
I N CONTACT LENSES AFFECT
THEI R
Dr agomi r St amenkovi c, Mar i j a Tomi c , Al eksandr a Debel j kovi c, J el ena Muncan, Li di j a Mat i j a EXPERI MENTAL
ANALYSI S
OF
ARTI FI CI AL
HI P I MPLANT
M ADE
OF
158
TI TANI UM
ALLOY Kat ar i na Col i c, Zar ko Mi skovi c, Ml aden Regodi c, Al eksandar Veg, Al eksandar Sedmak
THE UNI FORMI TY OF W HEAT SEEDI NG OVER AN AREA
AND DEPTH
Dr agan V.
Gol ubovi c
Pet r ovi c, RadeL.
Radoj evi c, Kur t Tomant schger ,
Zor anaZ.
DROPLET SI ZE DI STRI BUTI ONS OF CONVENTI ONAL
AND AI
162
166
R- I NDUCED NOZZLES
Dr agan V. Pet r ovi c, RadeL. Radoj evi c, Pet ar Vuksa, Zor anaZ. Gol ubovi c I MAGE- BASED
VI SUAL SERVO
CONTROL
OF
RO BO T
170
MANI PULATOR
UNDER
PARAM ETER UNCERTAI NTI ES Mar ko Mi t i c, Zor an Mi l j kovi c, Mi hai l o Lazarevi c, Boj
an Babi c,
I van B.
Lazar evi c,
174
KAL M AN FI
LTER FOR ROBOT VI SI ON- BASED HUMAN TRACKI NG Vl as t i mi r Ni kol i c, Zar ko Coj basi c, Dani j el a Ri st i c- Dur ant , Emi na Pet r ovi c, Sr dan Mat i c , I van Ci r i c
178
ACCELERATI ONS I N A HI GH PERMANCE Zor ana
HUM AN CENTRI
FUGE 182
Dancuo, Bosko Rasuo, Vl adi mi r Zel j kovi c, J el ena Vi dakovi c, Vl adi mi r Kvr gi c
CONTROL OF
AN CENTRI A HUM
FUGE
J el ena Vi dakovi c, Vl adi mi r Kvr gi c, Gor an Fer enc, Zor ana Dancuo, Mi hai l o Lazar evi c
186
I NG FREQUENCY CHARACTERI STI CS ASSESSMENT OF AI RCRAFT W 190
J el ena Svor can, Sl obodan St upar , Al eksandar Si monovi c, Dr agan Komar ov, Sr dan Tr i vkovi c
A PI C32
BASED ACTI
Nemanj a Zor i c,
VE VI BRATI ON CONTROL OF SMART COMPOSI TE BEAMS
Zor an Mi t r ovi c, Al eksandar Si monovi c, Sl obodan St upar
194
EXPERI MENTAL I DENTI FI CATI ON OF DI STURBANCE TRANSMI SSI ON FACTOR 198
Mat ug Benur , Sanj a Vasi n, Val ent i no Gol ubovi c- Bugar ski , Mi l os av Ognj anovi c
COMPARATI VE ANALYSES OF SERI AL L I NKED EXPERI MENTAL TESTED W I RE ROPE ABSORBERS Kar i
Al eksandar , Momci l o Mi l i novi c, Ol i ver a J er emi c, Dami r J erkovi c
202
EXPERI MENTAL RESERACH OF COMBI NED TUBES COLLI SI ON ENERGY J ovan Tanaskovi
ABSORBER
c, Dr agan Mi l kovi c, Voj kan Lucani n, Radi voj e Mi t r ovi c
I NTENSI TY
TURBULENCE
I N
A SM OTH TUBE
206
M EASURI NG
W I TH
HOT
W I RE
ANEM OM OM ETER
Mar ko Manci
c, Mi l an Dor devi c, Emi na Pet r ovi c, J el ena Mi l i s avl j evi c
VARI ABLE SPEED W I I van Ci
ND GENERATO R AERO TURBI
210
NE OPTI MAL FUZZY
CONTROL
ri c, Zar ko Coj basi c, Vl ast i mi r Ni kol i c, Emi na Pet r ovi c, J el ena Mi l i savl j evi c, Sasa Ni kol i c
EXPERI MENTAL
CHARACTERI SATI ON
OF
TW O- PHASE
REACTI VE
FLO W S
214
IN
PROPELLANT CHAMBER
Dej an Mi ckovi c , Sl obodan J ar amaz, Pr edr ag El ek.
I NCLI NATI ON EFFECTS
218
OF OUTLET NOZZLE
ON SENSI TI VI TY OF
PNEUMATI C
COMPARATOR
Dr agi s a Skoko, Cvet ko Crnoj evi c, EXPERI MENTAL
222
Mi l et a Ri st i voj evi c
I NVESTI GATI ON OF
I NDUSTRI AL STEEL
STACK
TEM PERATURE
DI STRI BUTI ON Zor ana Post el j ni k,
Sl obodan
St upar , Al eksandar Si monovi c, Dr agan Komar ov,
J el ena Svor can
226
I COLD COMPACTI ON ALUM
Ni kol a Pet r asi novi c, Sl obodan
CLASSI CAL
YS NUMALL O
St upar , Al eksandar Si
AND M ODERN
MEASURI NG
SW ARF
monovi c, Sr dan Tr i vkovi c, Ognj en Pekovi c
M ETHO DS
230
I N EXPERI MENTAL ANALYSI S OF
G- BEAM STRUCTURE
Tasko Maneski
, Ana Pet r ovi c, Mi l os Mi l os evi c, Nenad Mi t r ovi c, Ni kol a Momci l ovi c
EXPERI MENTAL DETERMI NATI ON OF Sl obodan
Ognj en Pekovi c,
GUY
W I RE TENSI ON
St upar , Al eksandar Si monovi c,
MONI TORI NG SYSTEM
W AYSI DE
234
Dani l o Pet r asi novi c,
FOR
W HEEL- RAI L
Nemanj a Zori
c
238
CONTACT FORCES
M EASUREM ENTS
Dr agan Mi l kovi c,
Gor an Si mi c,
Zi vana J akovl j
evi c, J ovan Tanaskovi c, Voj kan Lucani n
BUCKLI NG BEHAVI OUR OF DENTED
ALUM I NI UM ALL OY
242
CYLI NDRI CAL SHELL
SUBJ ECTED TO UNI FORMAXI AL COMPRESSI ON Mi l os St ankovi c, Mi l os Ri st i c, Al eksandar Si monovi c, Mi r osl av J ovanovi c
EXPERI MENTAL STRAI N ANALYSI S I N DOUBLE
LAYER
246
PRESSED J OI NT
Mi r j ana Soj i c Radi c
250
ELDED STEEL X20 AND X22 MODELI NG OF W J as mi na Lozanovi c Saj i c, Sasa Ml adenov i c , Emi na Dzi ndo
DAQ
AND
254
TRI BOLOGY PERFORMANCES FOR EXPERI MENTAL I NVESTI GATI ON OF
BEARI NGS
Al eksandar Mar i nkovi c, Tat j ana Lazovi c, Mi l os St ankovi c
FRETTI NG W EAR GENERATED I N SPLI NE J OI NT
258
OF BACK-
TO- BACK GEAR TESTI NG
RI G
Mar i j a Mi l oj evi c, Mi l os av Ognj anovi c, Bozi dar Rosi c
262
TENSI LE TESTI NG FOR DI FFERENT TYPES OF POLYMERS J el ena
Mi l i savl j evi c, Emi na Pet r ovi c, I van Ci ri c,
LOWVELOCI
S. Ci r i c
TY I MPACT ON
Kosti c, Z. Soski c,
A.
Mar ko Manci
A CO M PLEX
c, Dusan Mar kovi c, Mi l an Dor devi c
COMPOSI TE STRUCTURE
Pavl ovi c, G. Mi nak
RELATI ONSHI P BETW EEN THE
266
RELI ABI LI TY AND THE
270
LENG TH
OF CONVEYOR
RUBBER BELT Mi l os
Tanasi j evi c, Ugl j esa Bugar i c, Pr edr ag J ovanci c, Dr agan I gnj at ovi c, Dr agan Pol ovi na
274
CONVEYOR I DLERS TESTI NG MACHI
NE
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DETERMI NI NG RELI ABI LI TY OF FUEL I NJ ECTORS I N EXPL OI TATI ON
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MODELING OF WELDED STEEL X20 AND X22 Jasmina Lozanovi ć Šajić 1), Saša Mladenović 1), Emina Dzindo1) 1)
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Innovation Center, Kraljice Marije 16, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia Corresponding author:
[email protected] border of sub-grains
1. Introduction Martensitic steels are inevitable material in making pipeline for steem, the collector and superheated. The main argument for the selection of martensitic steel as the material were extremely high steam parameters (pressure and temperature), high resistance to creep, satisfactory value of time strength at high temperature and other. Martensitic steels with creep resistant are alloyed with 9 - 12% Cr. The above mentioned steel X22, represents a wrought version of steel X22, and there is no difference between them in terms of conduct in operation, the only difference is that X22 steel has a little better mechanical properties.
Fig. 1. The microstructure of dismissed martensite X20CrMoV12 enlarged 500-x
The martensitic structure of steel is characterized by high dislocation density, homogeneous and dense nucleation and deposition of carbide particles at boundaries of subgrains obtained over layoffs.Therefore, deviations of parameters of the heat treatment of steel standard intended could lead to changes in microstructure that is harmful to long-term creep strength. Fine distribution and high thermal stability of carbide particles is the key to high-tensile creep in these alloys. Tempering 730-780oC martensite is converted further into ferrite and carbide subgrains microstructure (mainly type M23C6) subgrains separated by the border. During slow cooling from 1050 ° C M23C6 carbide deposition is noticeable at austenite’s grain boundaries. M23C6 is the main sediment in 9 - 12% Cr steel, consisting of Cr, Fe, Mo (W) and C. These carbides increase the creep strength of the slow growth of subgrains which is a huge source of creep deformation in 12% Cr steel. They have relatively high thermal stability. MX sediment, generally with 12% Cr steel is mainly composed of V, Nb and N as sediments within the subgrains, where they established a free dislocations, increases the creep strength. The high creep strength of the steel affects the high thermal stability of MX sedinemts. Nitrogen, although not mentioned alloying element for steel X20, represents stray nitrogen whose also contributes to the high creep strength of steel. 2. Description of the problem
Figure 2. Carbides in steel X20CrMoV12-1 on the
254
In fact, the essence of job is replacement valve chamber, respectively welding new chamber for the rest of the steam’s pipeline at power plants. The appearance of valve chambers will be shown in Fig. 3.
narrowing of the area favorable for welding, γaustenite, and increasing the area unfavorable for welding, α-ferrite.
Figure 5. Diagram of steel’s condition containing a number of elements that form a carbide
Figure 3. The appearance of valve chambers
From the images we see that the adapted material is steel X22. This structural transition is performed when it is necessary to connect to each other hardly wieldable steel, such as in this case G17CrMoV5-10-1 and X20CrMoV12. At figure 4 it is demonstrated a constructive solution to bind X20 and X22 steel. Subjecting thermal processes steel X20 and X22 before and after the welding process. The quality of weld two steel has the greatest influence their chemical composition, but also a number of other parameters. Since we see from Table 1 that these steels contain, in its chemical composition, a large number of elements that form a carbid, it practically means that they are unfavorable for welding, ie. Their weldability is very bad and that they must undergo to thermal treatment before and after welding. In this paper will be shown their coefficient of weldability, and preheating temperature as well. Elements that form a carbid such as Cr, Mo, W, Nb tend to carbon. Their presence in the steel expands and stabilize α-ferrite region of the state diagram, which is unfavorable for the welding, at the same time narrowing the scope of γ-austenite, which is suitable for welding. Chart 1 approximately represents
To ensure that the weldability of these steels is very poor, will use empirical equations for calculating the equivalent of carbon, with according to Dürenu and Gravileu: Mn Mo Ni Cr V Si Cekv =C + + + + + +
16 1
C ekv =0, 2 +
16
+
40 1
40
60 0,5
+
60
20 12
+
20
15 25 0, 3 0,5
+
15
+
25
C ekv =0, 2 +0, 06 +0, 02 +0, 008 +0, 6 +0, 02 +0, 02 C ekv =0,928%
With according to Dürenu Mn Mo Ni Cr V 1 Cekv =C + + + + + + 16
C ekv =0,2 +
1
16
7
50
1
0,5
7
50
+ +
28
12
+
28
9
0,3
+
9
12
+
1
12
C ekv =0,2 +0,06 +0,14 +0,01 +0,42 +0,03 +0,083 C ekv =0,943%
With according to Gravileu The obtained values are compared with values given in ranges of weldability: - C ekv <0, 25% Weldability is good. Welding without preheating the usual procedures and subsequent heat treatment. No danger of hot cracking. 0, 25% £ C ekv £ 0, 35% weldability. Welding is
Satisfactory performed by 255
conventional methods without occurrence of cracks, if the welding is performed in normal conditions (no wind, at room temperature ...). It is necessary to provide for preheating and subsequent heat treatment to prevent formation of cracks in the welding conditions deviating from normal. - 0, 35% £ C ekv £ 0, 45% Limited weldability. These steels are sensitive to the appearance of cracks in welding in usual conditions. Welding is always performed with preheating and subsequent heat treatment. - C ekv >0,45% Bad weldability. Difficulties in welding these steels. Preheating and
subsequent thermal treatment of the steel is required. 3. Model of the welded joint in the software ABAQUS
Working and critical parameters in the steam line are:
pr =18,3MPa pc =19,6MPa tc =545o C Mechanical properties of steel are given in Table 1.
Table 1. Mechanical properties of steel X20 and X22 according to DIN standard
Figure 7. The compound of X20 and X22 steel with weld metal and HAZ
Figure 6. ¼ cross section of the steam line
For the modeling of this weld join in the software package ABAQUS is sufficient ¼ pipe cross section, because it is an axisymmetric cross section at the X and Y coordinates. In Figure 8 shows the residual stresses in welded joints without subsequent heat treatment. This modeling was chosen because it represents a rough approximation of improperly performed subsequent heat treatment on the parameters well below the recommended values, in that case would not be practical effect of heat treatment. Practically in this modeling were entered temperature which is entered in 256
the weld deposit and the observed residual stresses after cooling to 100 ° C in combination with mechanical load (pressure). The picture shows that the residual stresses at the surface in this case about 400 MPa, which is approximately of yield stress of additional material. Another thing we can see in the picture that the larger zone of residual stresses include thin tube that is part of X20 steel.
Figure 7. Zone of residual stresses on the surface of the pipe due to a stresses + mechanical load.
Figure 7 shown is the most critical place in the weld and that is HAZ of the root pass. Due to the extremely small volume at the root, melted addition material is cooled much faster than the rest of the weld metal and the residual stresses are formed due to the fact that during cooling leads to shrinkage in the weld metal and the retraction material of adjacent HAZ. These stresses have the intensity that greatly exceed the yield stress of addition material.
Figure 8. Residual stresses in the HAZ of the root weld metal + pressure in pipe on the internal surface of pipes
Should thoroughly study the additional materials for the welding of parts in operation will operate under conditions of creep, corrosion ... Materials that are subject to structural changes during their working life, long after the operation requiring special treatment that is often not clearly governed by technical standards and recommendations, so that the knowledge of the processes that lead to structural changes in the material during welding is crucial for the successful execution of welding. With the development of technology, created the modern computer software that allows us significantly shorten the time of making complex calculations, and simulate a real piece of the stress and thermal fields when you enter the appropriate parameters for a given material. All these analysis software must also be verified. References
[1] X20 CrMoV12-1 Steel Handbook – Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) [2] Welded – Prof. Dr М. Bogner, Ing. М. Borisavljevic, assoc. V. Маtovic, assoc. М.М. Bogner, Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade; [3]Böhler Welding Guide – Böhler schweiβtechnik Austria GmbH [4] Strenght steam – Standard EN 10216 [5] Cerjak, H.; Letofsky, E., The effect of welding on the properties of advanced 9– 12%Cr steels, Science and Technology of Welding & Joining, Volume 1, Number 1, 1996 , pp. 36-42(7) [6] J. Brózda, , M. Zeman, Wrong heat treatment of martensitic steel welded tubes caused major cracking during assembly of resuperheaters in a fossil fuel power plant, Engineering Failure Analysis, Volume 10, Issue 5, October 2003, Pages 569–579 [7] I. Vishniakas, Reliability estimation of the ferritic steels welded joints, ISSN 1392-1207. MECHANIKA. 2006. Nr.6(62);
5. Conclusions
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