FABRICATION FABRICATION OF GENEVA GE NEVA WHEEL BASED BAS ED
AUTO ROLL PUNCHING MACHINE ABSTRACT
In this auto roll punching machine consists of two sections. One sections is automatic metal sheet feeding mechanism and the second section is conversion of rotary motion into linear reciprocating motion motion of punching tool . The The first section consists consists of geneva wheel disc keyed with a shaft shaft at one end and the other end is connected with chain sprocket wheel. This geneva wheel shaft is supported on two plummer plummer block bearings. This sprocket sprocket wheel transmit transmit the rotary motion motion from the geneva wheel to the metal sheet feeding rollers through a chain drive. Hence when the geneva wheel is rotated , the metal sheet also moved for punching operation.
CHAT!"
CONTENTS
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CHAPTER 1 1,1 INTRODUCTION:
The present invention relates to an automatic punching machine using Geneva mechanism, particularly one suitable for performing punching of a metal sheet in a programmed and programmable manner according to a predetermined predetermined number of dierent punching shapes.
The punching machine of this invention is of the type comprising a punching head provided with a plurality of punch/die pairs for eecting the desired punching of a metal sheet, and a numerically controlled programmable manipulator, manipulator, equipped with gripping means for the said metal sheet, for displacing it over a horizontal plane passing between the said punches and their associated dies. In nown punching machines of the said type there e!ists a single, well determined and unchangeable operative position, into which each punch/die pair is carried by appropriate automatic means and retained for the time necessary for the e!ecution of all the punching of the same predetermined predetermined shape envisaged in a metal sheet.
In operation of such a nown punching machine using Geneva mechanism, whilst a "rst punch/die pair is maintained in the said operative position the manipulator causes the displacement of the metal sheet in such a way that the said pair performs the predetermined number of identical punching in a corresponding number of predetermined and dierent positions in the said metal sheet. #nce this "rst series of punching has been completed the punch/die pair "rst considered is replaced with another pair of dierent shape to eect a second series of punching on the same metal sheet. This mode of operation, which is tied to the structural and functional characteristics of the nown punching machine and, above all, to the
fundamental characteristic consisting in a single and unchangeable operative position, involves dead times which until now were inevitable, for the substitution of the punch/die pair in the operative position, as well as a not inconsiderable consumption of time tied to the movements which the manipulator must perform in order to displace a metal sheet during the operation of successive punch/die pairs.
1.1.1 Definition of Po!"e#: In conventional punching machine, the
automatically during the return stroke of punching operation.
1.$ S%o&e of t'e &o(e%t:
Operation is very smooth and in this system we can get more output by applying less effort.
&imple construction by introducing geneva wheel disc drive drive transmission.
The
'ow cost automation
'ess maintenance
CHAPTER $ METHODOLOG) :
This pro$ect is designed with using Geneva mechanism, moving arrangement and punching mechanism. %unching machine is designed with mechanical arrangement in which movements are controlled by using Geneva mechanism. &oving mechanism is attached with punching spindle. 'o we can move the punching spindle anywhere within the area of machine. &oving mechanism also controlled using Geneva mechanism. In this punching machine using Geneva mechanism consists of two sections. #ne is automatic punching mechanism and the second section is conversion of rotary motion into linear reciprocation motion of punching tool. The "rst sections consist of o f Geneva wheel disc eyed with a shaft of one end and the other end is connected to chain sprocet wheel. This Geneva wheel shaft is supported on two %lummer bloc bearings. This sprocet wheel transmit the rotary motion from the Geneva wheel.
figure .* Auto roll punching by using geneva mechanism
$.1.1 Wo*in+ &in%i&"e: 2hen the switch is on the motor rotates the crank wheel. Hence the punching slide with punching tool moved up and down and make mak e a punch on the metal sheet. The crank wheel face have a pin which touches the slot slot in the geneva wheel and also rotates rotates the geneva wheel .+ue to to
the rotation or inde=ing of geneva wheel , the metal sheet feeding rollers rollers are rotated through through the chain drive mechanism and hence the metal sheet is feeded automatically.
CHAT!" 4
.1 DESIGN AND FABRICATION FABRICATION OF GENEVA CONVE)OR:
The #eneva drive or altese cross is a gear mechanism mechanism that translates a continuous rotation into rotation into an intermittent rotary motion. The rotating rotating drive wheel has a pin that reaches into a slot of the driven wheel advancing it by one step. The drive wheel also has a raised circular blocking
disc
that
locks
the
driven
wheel
in
position
between
steps.
The geneva mechanism is a timing device.
According to 5ector echanics for !ngineers for (erdinand . %eer and !. "ussell /ohnston /r.says >Is used in many counting instruments and in other applications where an intermittent rotary rotary motion is re?uired.@
!ssentially the #eneva mechanism consists of a
rotating disk with with a pin and another rotating disk with slots into which the pin slides.
According to %rittanica.com %rittanica.com,, the #eneva mechanism was originally invented by a watch maker. The watch maker only put a limited number of slots in one of the rotating disks so that the system could only go through so many rotations. This prevented the spring on the watch from being wound too tight, thus giving the mechanism its other name, the #eneva &top. The #eneva &top was incorporated into many man y of the first film pro
In Optimum +esign of echanical !lements, "ay C. /ohnson makes many references to
the use of the #eneva mechanism to provide an intermittent motion the conveyor belt of a film recording marching. He also discusses discusses several weak points in the #eneva mechanism. (or instance, for each rotation of the #eneva Bslotted gear the drive shaft must make one complete rotation. Thus for very high speeds, the drive shaft may start to vibrate. Another problem is wear, which is centraliDed at the drive pin. (inally, the the designer has no control over o ver the acceleration the #eneva mechanism will produce. Also, the #eneva mechanism will always go through a small backlash, which stops the slotted gear. This backlash prevents controlled e=act motion. %elow are models of the #eneva mechanism made with 2orking odel d v-.;. The second model shows velocity vectors for the slotted gear and the drive shaft. 5elocity is the black arrow and acceleration is the green arrow. ove the mouse them running. over the mechanisms to start. start.
(I#)"! 4.* !=ternal geneva mechanism in starting position
3.2 SYNOPSIS:
This is the new innovative concept mainly used for industries. It is simple in construction and the working process is easy. In industries, it is very necessary to move the components from
one area to the other in a regular basis. It is necessary to minimiDe the workers involved in it. 2e have designed a conveyor with #eneva drive which is useful in industries. &o, here we have made a conveyor model which is used for material transformation from one place to another. ain components used in this pro
The Geneva drive or &altese cross is a gear mechanism that translates a continuous rotation into an intermittent intermittent rotary motion. The rotating drive wheel has a pin that reaches into a slot of the driven wheel advancing it by one step. The drive wheel also has a raised circular blocing disc that locs the driven wheel in position between steps.
The name derives from the device(s earliest application in mechanical watches, watches , Geneva Geneva,,
'witzerland being 'witzerland being an important center of
watch maing. The Geneva drive is also commonly called a
&altese
cross mechanism cross mechanism due to the visual resemblance when the driven wheel has four spoes. 'ince they can be made small and are able to withstand substantial mechanical stress, these mechanisms are frequently used in watches.
In the most common arrangement, the driven wheel has four slots and thus advances by one step of )* degrees degrees for for each rotation of the drive wheel. If the driven wheel has
slots, it advances by +*-/ n per full
n
rotation of the drive wheel. ecause the mechanism needs to be well lubricated, it is often enclosed in an oil capsule.
Fi+-e .$ Gene/ #e%'/ni0#
. USES AND APPLICATIONS OF GENEVA CONVE)OR:
One application of the #eneva drive is in movie pro
Inten/" Gene/ ie:
(igureE4.4 Internal #eneva conveyor.
(igureE4.- Animation showing an internal #eneva drive in operation.
An internal #eneva drive is a variant on the design. The a=is of the drive wheel of the internal drive can have a bearing only on one side. The angle by which the drive wheel has to rotate to effect one step rotation of the driven wheel is always smaller than *8;J in an e=ternal #eneva drive and always greater than *8;J in an internal one, where the switch time is therefore greater than the time the driven wheel stands still. The e=ternal form is the more common, as it can be built smaller and can withstand higher mechanical stresses stresses..
CHAT!" 2.1 DESIGN OF GENEVA DRIVE GEOMENTR) OF GENEVA DRIVE:
Fi+-e 2.1 DESIGN PARAMETERS OF GENEVA DRIVE
aKdrive crank radius, nKdriven slot ?uantity, ?ua ntity, pKdrive pin diameter, tKallowed clearance cKcentre distanceKaFsin B*8;Fn, bK#eneva wheel radiusKcGa, sKslot centre lengthK BaLbGc, wKslot widthKpLt, yK stop arc radiusKaGBpMB*.9, DKstop disc radiusKyGt, vKclearance arcK %NFa, 2.$ DIMENSIONS OF GENEVA DRIVE
aKdrive crank radiusK9; mm, nKdriven slot ?uantityK-, pKdrive pin diameterK- mm, tKallowed clearanceK mm, cKcentre distanceKaFsin B*8;Fn K6; mm, bK#eneva wheel radiusKcGaK9; mm, sKslot centre lengthK BaLbGcK4; mm, wKslot widthKpLtK7 mm,
yK stop arc radiusKaGBpMB*.9K-- mm, DKstop disc radiusKyGtK-- mm, vKclearance arcK %NFa, K-9 mm
2. APPLICATIONS GENEVA DRIVE:
One application of the #eneva drive is in movie pro
2.2 ADVANTAGES OF GENEVA MECHANISM: 1. #eneva mechanism may be the simplest and least !=pensive of all intermittent motion
mechanisms. $. They come in a wide variety of siDes, ranging from those used in instruments, to those used in machine tools to inde= spindle carriers weighing several tons. . They have good motion curves characteristics compared to ratchets, but e=hibit more >
2.3 DISADVANTAGES OF GENEVA MECHANISM:
i. ii. iii. iii. iv. iv.
The The #en #enev evaa is is not not a vers versat atil ilee mec mecha hani nism sm.. The rati ratio o of dwel dwelll period period to to motion motion is is also also estab establi lishe shed d Once Once the no no of dwel dwells ls per per revolution has been selected. All #ene #eneva va acceler accelerati ation on curves curves star startt and end 2it 2ith h finite finite accele accelerat ration ion decel decelera eratio tion. n. This his mea means ns they hey pr produc oducee
(igure -. 2orking 2orking &tages of #eneva mechanism
Fi+-e 2. Gene/ ie
2.4 USES GENEVA GENEVA DRIVE:
&T!!" !CHA$ICA' 2ATCH!& 'OTT!"& C$C ACHI$! I"O$ "I$# C'OC3
&odern "lm pro$ectors may also use an electronically controlled inde!ing mechanism or stepper motor, which allows a llows for fastforwarding
the "lm. Geneva wheels having the form of the driven wheel were also used in mechanical watches, but not in a drive, rather to limit the tension of the spring, such that it would operate only in the range where its
elastic force is force is nearly linear. Geneva drive include the pen change mechanism in plotters,
automated sampling devices Inde!ing tables Inde!ing tables in assembly lines, tool changers for fo r 010 010 machines, machines, and
so on. The Iron 2ing 0loc uses a Geneva Geneva mechanism to provide provide intermittent intermittent motion to one of its rings.
2.4.1 MERITS:
The se?uence of slides can be altered to meet specific needs. o o o
ay be adopted to group or to individual user !asily handled, stored and rearranged for various uses. The room need not be e=tremely dark for pro
2.4.$ DEMERITS: o
o
The fi=ed se?uence does not permit easy fle=ibility. Can get out of se?uence se?uenc e and be pro
CHAT!" 9 3.1 DC MOTOR
3.1.1PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION: OPERATION:
In any electric motor, operation is based on simple electromagnetism. A current currentGcarrying Gcarrying conductor generates a magnetic fieldP when this is then placed in an e=ternal magnetic field, it will e=perience a force proportional to the current current in the conductor, and to the strength of the e=ternal magnetic field. As you are well aware of from playing with magnets as a kid, opposite B$orth and &outh polarities attract, while like polarities B$orth and $orth, &outh and &outh repel. The internal configuration of a +C +C motor motor is designed to harness the magnetic interaction between a .current currentGcarrying Gcarrying conductor and an e=ternal magnetic field to generate rotational motion. 'ets start by looking at a simple Gpole +C +C electric electric motor Bhere red represents a magnet or winding with a $orth polariDation, while green represents a magnet or winding with a &outh polariDation.
(igure 9.* +C otor
!very +C +C motor motor has si= basic parts GG a=le, rotor, stator, commutator, field magnet,
and brushes. In most common +C motors, the e=ternal magnetic field is produced by highGstrength permanent magnets.The stator is the stationary part of the motor this includes the motor casing, as well as two or more permanent magnet pole pieces. The rotor rotate with respect respect to the stator. stator. The rotor consists consists of windings Bgenerally Bgenerally on a core, the windings being electrically connected to the commutator. The above diagram shows a common motor layout GG with the rotor inside the stator Bfield magnets.
(igure 9. Two poles in dc motor
The geometry of the brushes, commutator contacts, and rotor windings are such that when power is applied, the polarities of the energiDed winding and the stator magnetBs are
misaligned, and the rotor will rotate until it is almost aligned with the stators field magnets. As the rotor reaches alignment, the brushes move to the ne=t commutator contacts, and energiDe the ne=t winding. #iven our e=ample twoGpole motor, the rotation reverses the direction of current through the rotor winding, leading to a flip of the rotors magnetic field, driving it to continue rotating. In real life, though, +C +C motors motors will always have more than two poles Bthree is a very common number. In particular, this avoids dead spots in the commutator. 1ou can imagine how with our e=ample twoGpole motor, if the rotor is e=actly at the middle of its rotation Bperfectly aligned with the field magnets, it will get stuck there. eanwhile, with a twoGpole motor, there is a moment where the commutator shorts out the power supply Bi.e., both brushes touch both commutator contacts simultaneously. This would be bad for the power supply, waste energy, and damage motor components as well. 1et another disadvantage of such a simple motor is that it would e=hibit a high amount of tor?ue tor?ue ripple ripple Bthe amount of tor?ue it could produce is cyclic with the position of the rotor. &o since most small +C +C motors motors are of a threeGpole design, lets tinker with the workings of one via an interactive animation E
(igure 9.4 Three poles in dc motor
1oull notice a few things from this GG namely, one pole is fully energiDed at a time Bbut two others are partially energiDed. ene rgiDed. As As each brush transitions from one o ne commutator contact to the ne=t, one coils field will rapidly collapse, as the ne=t coils field will rapidly charge up Bthis occurs within a few microsecond. 2ell see more about the effects of this later, but in the meantime you can see that this is a direct result of the coil windings series wiringE
(igure 9.- abuchi motor
The use of an iron core armature Bas in the abuchi, above is ?uite common, and has a number of advantages. (irst off, the iron core provides a strong, rigid support for
the windings. a particularly important consideration for h ighGtor?ue ighGtor?ue motors. motors. The core also conducts heat away from the rotor windings, allowing the motor to be driven harder than might otherwise be the case. Iron core construction is also relatively ine=pensive compared with other construction types. %ut iron core construction also has several disadvantages. The iron armature has a relatively high inertia which limits motor acceleration. This construction also results in high winding inductance inductancess which limit brush and commutator life. In small motors, an alternative design is often used which features a coreless armature winding. This design depends upon the coil wire itself for structural integrity. As a result, the armature is hollow, and the permanent magnet can be mounted inside the rotor coil. Coreless +C +C motors have much lower armature inductance inductance than ironGcore motors of comparable siDe, e=tending brush and an d commutator life.
(igure 9.9 courtesy of icro motors
The coreless design also allows manufacturers to build smaller motorsP meanwhile, due to the lack of iron in their rotors, coreless motors are somewhat prone to overheating. As a result, this design is generally used
3.$ Die %i%-it fo #oto:
+igital systems and microcontroller pins lack sufficient current to drive the circuits like relays, buDDer circuits, motors etc. 2hile these circuits re?uire around *;milli amps to be operated, the microcontrollerQs pin can provide a ma=imum of *G milli amps current. (or this reason, a driver such as a power transistor is placed in between the microcontroller and the motor. The operation of this circuit is as followsE
The input to the base of the transistor is applied from the microcontroller port pin The transistor will be switched on when the base to emitter voltage is greater than ;.65. Thus when the voltage applied to the pin *.; is high. the transistor will will be switched on and thus the motor will be O$.
2hen the voltage at the pin *.; is low. the transistor will be in off state and the motor will be O((. Thus the transistor acts like a current driver to operate the motor accordingly.
CHAT!" 7 4.1 C'/in
4.1.1 CHAIN DRIVE :
(igure 6.*E &imple chain drive mechanism
.A. K 5.". K $%5 $A $A RRR.. RRR.. B* 2here, .A. K echanical Advantage. 5.". K 5elocity "atio. $A, $% K $umber of rotation of sprocket wheel A and % respectively. &o, if we able to increase 5.". 5.". we will get g et more .A. i.e. more efficient drive.
Chain types are identified by numberP ie. a number -; chain. The rightmost digit is ; for chain of the standard dimensionsP * for lightweight chainP and 9 for roller less bushing chain. The digits to the left indicate the pitch of the chain in eighths of an inch. (or e=ample, a number -; chain would have a pitch of fourGeighths of an inch, or *F, and would be of the standard dimensions in width, roller diameter, etc.
The roller diameter is nearest binary fraction B4nd of an inch to 9F8ths of the pitchP pin diameter is half of roller diameter. The width of the chain, for standard chain, is the nea rest binary fraction to 9F8ths of the pitchP for narrow chains width is -*S of the pitch. &procket thickness is appro=imately 89G0;S of the roller width.
4.$ Ge/in+ There are several gears available on the rear sprocket assembly, attached to the rear wheel. A few more sprockets are usually added to the front assembly as well. ultiplying the number of sprocket gears in front by the number to the rear gives the number of gear ratios, often called speeds.
Hub gears use epicycle gearing and are enclosed within the a=le of the rear wheel. %ecause of the small space, they typically offer fewer different speeds, although at least one has reached *- gear ratios and (allbrook Technologies manufactures a transmission with technically infinite ratios. Causes for failure of bicycle gearing includeE worn teeth, damage caused by a faulty chain, damage due to thermal e=pansion, broken teeth due to e=cessive pedaling force, interference by foreign ob
4.$.1 Me%'/ni%/" A/nt/+e of Ge/in+ :
echanical advantage is a measure of the amplification of particular parameter, achieved by using a tool, mechanical device dev ice or machine system. In simple words .A. means getting the thing done at lesser effort. Ideally, the device preserves the input power and simply trades off forces against movement or no. of rotation. In case of cycle, amplification of force on pedal, no. of rotation of wheel is done in order to increase efficiency or mechanical advantage. There are two possible ways to measure mechanical advantage. These are as follows.
CHAT!" 6 6.1 PUNCHING E
unching is more than
unching is a cutting processE a sheet is cut in two with a single stroke. stroke. $ibbling involves making rows of many little holes. The result result is a contour. Of virtually any shape and siDe. (orming opens up new dimensions. +ifferent +ifferent tools turn the punching machine into an allGround talent for tapping, embossing and marking. The basis for this is a trumpf punching machine. The versatility of the punching process
however only comes about with the wide variety of tools tools..The
product portfolio of trumpf punching tools goes far beyond the range of different punched forms on offer. (orming, (orming, tapping, bending, embossing, marking, deburring and also processing with rollers open up a wealth of possible applications .And the use of automation components for loading and unloading the machine means that even automated production is possible.
'et yourself be fascinated by punching ore distance travelled by cycle but keeping magnitude of applied force . same distance travelled by cycle, at less force applied on pedal.
6.$ PUNCHING PRINCIPLE:
Anyone who has ever punched holes in paper has made use of the punching principle. The punch presses the paper from above against the plate of the hole puncher and ultimately in a round opening. This produces a circular hole in the paper. The round pieces of paper that are cut out are collected in the container under the puncher. And punching sheets is no different. The sheet is positioned between a punch and a die . The punch moves down and plunges into the die. The edges of the punch and die are displaced parallel to each other, so cutting the sheet. (or this reason punching is categoriDed as a shear cutting process. +I$ 8988 defines shear cutting as dividing a material with two cutting ed ges moving past each other.
To be precise here, the punching process takes place in four phases. 2hen the punch touches the sheet, it first of all deforms it. This is followed by cutting. The level of tension produced inside the material is ultimately so great that the sheet breaks along the contour of the cut. The piece of metal punched out here U the soGcalled punching slug U is e
$7
6. PUNCHING PROCESS:
The result of the punching process is not a continuous cut as seems the case when making holes in paper. Instead, Instead, the upper part of the material is cut by applying heavy force pressing the punch onto the material, so causing the lower part of the material to break off. Here the cutGtoG break ratio is influenced by the die and cutting gap selected as well as the thickness of the material. The punching process and its result can be optimiDed in different ways. (or e=ample, punching operations are also possible with an e=tremely smooth smooth surface to the cut or something
that is important for people who work on punching machines 2using especially ?uiet punching.
6.2 P-n%'in+ fo%e:
The ma=imum punch siDe which can be used on a punching machine 2 depends essentially on two factorsE the thickness and tensile strenDDof the material to be punched. The greater the tensile strength and thickness of a material, the more force that needs to be applied by the machine to cut the material. If you wish to determine the ma=imum punch diameter that can be achieved by a machine, there are not only values in tables but also formulae which can be used to calculate the relevant values.
6.2.1 M/8i#-# i/#ete fo o-n &-n%'e0
dma=K pF4,*-.s. pF4,*-.s.;,0." ;,0." m.= where ma=imum tool diameter Bround VmmW punching force V$W material thickness VmmW tensile strength V$FmmXW
* shear factor B= K* for punches without shear, =Y* for beveled punches
a=imum edge length for s?uare punchesE
ama=K pF-.s.;,0."m.=
2here a ma=
&
ma=imum edge length Bs?uare VmmW punching force V$W material th thickne nesss Vm VmmW
" m tensile strength V$FmmXW = she shear ar fact factor or B= K* K* for punc punches hes with without out shea shear, r, =Y* for for beveled punches
6.2.$ M/8i#-# %-ttin+ %i%-#feen%e fo /n9 fo#e o %"-0te &-n%' it'o-t 0'e/
p 'ma= K s Z ;,0 Z " m
'ma= ma=imum cutting circumference VmmW p punching force V$W s material thickness VmmW " m tensile strength V$FmmXW
CHAPTER ; ;.1 CONSTRUCTION OF AUTO ROLL PUNCHING MACHINE: In this auto roll punching machine consists of two sections.One sections is automatic metal sheet feeding mechanism and the second section is conversion of rotary motion into linear
reciprocating motion motion of punching tool . The The first section consists consists of geneva wheel disc keyed with a shaft shaft at one end and the other end is connected with chain sprocket wheel. This geneva wheel shaft is supported on two plummer plummer block bearings. This sprocket sprocket wheel transmit transmit the rotary motion motion from the geneva wheel to the metal sheet feeding rollers through a chain drive. Hence when the geneva wheel is rotated , the metal sheet also moved for punching operation.
The second section consists of electrically operated operated +C motor,plummer motor,plummer block bearings, crank wheel with a pin ,connecting rod and punching tool. The second section is used to convert the rotary motion of the crank wheel into reciprocating reciprocating motion of punching tool. tool. The rotating shaft is keyed to the crank wheel at one end and the other end is connected to +C motor. motor. This shaft is supported on two plummer block bearings. The punch tool slide is reciprocated by the connecting the crank wheel through the connecting rod .The metal sheet is feeded automatically by the rotation of geneva wheel.
;.1.1 ;.1. 1 ADVANTAGES: ADVANTAGES:
Compared to hydraulic and ,pneumatic ,pn eumatic system, it is economical. $o e=tra skill is re?uired for operating this system. system. Operation is very smooth and in this system we can get more output by applying less effort.
;.$ APPLICATIONS: •
•
It is very much useful for making series of holes of same diameter and constant pitch Thus it can be useful for punching application
CHAPTER < <.1 INTRODUCTION OF BATTER):
An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with cells with external connections provided to power electrical devices. [1] A battery has a positive terminal, or cathode cathode,, and a negative terminal, or anode or anode.. The terminal marked positive is at a higher electrical
potential energy than is the terminal marked negative. The terminal marked negative is the source of electrons that when connected to an external circuit will flow and deliver energy to an external device. hen a battery is connected to an external circuit, electrolytes electrolytes are able to move as ions within, allowing the chemical reactions to be completed at the separate terminals and so deliver energy to the external circuit. !t is the movement of those ions within the battery which allows current to flow out of the battery to perform work.
["]
#istorically the term $battery$
specifically referred to a device composed of multiple cells, however the usage has evolved to additionally include devices composed of composed of a single cell.
%igure &.1 battery
COMPONENTS USED FOR AUTO ROLL PUNCHING MACHINE
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ild steel
9mm dia :
Hardened mild
9;mm 7mm dia
*
\ litre
*
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)$CH TOO'
steel
**
!TA' "I!"
aint
CO$C')&IO$:
