1.1 Understanding that that microorganism microorganism is a living things Microorganism
Bacteria
Fungi
Protozua
Virus
Characteristics
Breathe
Cause the
Move
Grow
• Rotten oranges
Cannot see with naked eyes tiny
1.1 Understanding that some some microorganism are harmful and some are useful useful
Some Organisms Are Harmful And Some Are Useful Useful -Making food (bread/tapai/tempe/ yogurt) -Making fertilizer -Making medicine
Prevention
Harmful
Washing hand
Can cause
Disease Stomach upset Measles/cough
Illness
Food poisoning
Tooth decay Tooth
Drink boiled water Covering mouth & nose when coughing & sneezing
how animals take care of Their eggs and young. Examples animals that take care of their eggs and young . Bird, Frog, Spider, Fish, Snake, turtle, Kangroo, Elephant
2.1 Survival of Animal Species
Why animals take care of their eggs and young. To ensure the survival of their species
Bird - Eggs with shell covering Frog - Eggs are thick, slimy and having bad smell Spider - kept in a bag underneath its body Fish - keep their young in their mouths Snake, Tiger - attack in order to protect their eggs Turtle - hide their eggs Kangaroo - carry their young in their pouches Elephant - stay in herds
2.3 Importance
Shortage of food resource
Animals and plants species may face extinction.
Agents of dispersal
Special characteristic
• Light
Water
• Air Space in the fruits
Examples
• Coconut • Lily
• Not water absorbent
2.2 Survival of Plant Species
Wind
Explosive mechanism
Animal
• Light
• Shorea
• Small in size
• Angsana
• Winged
• Lalang
• Dry when ripe • Explodes when mature
• Rubber fruit • Balsam fruit • Chestnut
• Brightly coloured
• Rambutan
• Edible
• Mango
• Have smells
• Love grass
3.1 Food Chain
Animals and the food they eat
All living things need food to survive. Green plant can make their own food. However animals cannot make their own food.
Producer
Green plant obtain energy from the sun to make food. Green Plant as a producer
Classify animals into herbivore, carnivore and omnivore.
Herbivore : Animals that eat plants only. e.g.: cow, goat, deer
Carnivore: Animals that eat other animals. e.g.: tiger, lion
Omnivore: Animals that eat plants and other animals
Construct food chain
The food relationship among living things can be shown by a food chain.
To construct food chain It must start with plant as a producer.
In a food chain the arrow means ‘eaten by’
Consumer
Animals that eat plant or other animals are called consumers.
3.2 Synthesizing food chain to construct food web.
Food web
Food web of different habitats
What will happen If there is a change in population of a certain species in a food web
A change in the population of a certain species will effect the Population of other species garden
What will happen to a certain species of animals if they eat only one type of food
They will face difficulty to survive – if the Source of food runs out
1 Energy
2 Electricity
3 Light
4 Heat
INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY - by living things to carry out life processes. Ex : moving, breathing, growing
ENERGY Water - moving or falling water produce energy
- to move, boil, melt, or bounce non-living things
Why energy is needed?
1.1 The Uses of Energy
Sun - main source of energy - produces light and heat
The Sources of Energy
Food Batteries
- device that generated
Fuel - wood, coal, petroleum,
Wind - Moving air - Used to pump
- food contains stored energy
INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY Light energy
Electrical energy
Kinetic energy
Heat energy
Chemical energy
Form of energy
Sound energy
ENERGY
Potential energy
1.2 Energy can be transformed from one form to another
Energy can be transformed a) lighting a candle Chemical energy → heat energy + light energy b) Kicking a ball Chemical energy →
Example of appliance that make use of energy transform
a) Electric iron Electrical energy → heat energy b) Radio Electrical energy → sound energy
INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY Energy that cannot be replaced
Resources – solar, wind, biomass fuel, water
Non-renewable Non-renewable energy
Energy that be replenished when it is used up
ENERGY
Resources – natural gas, petroleum, coal
Renewable energy
1.3 Renewable and Non-renewable Energy How to use energy
Why use energy wisely Avoid wastage Some energy resources cannot be replenished when used up
Reduce pollution To save
Turn off the television when no one watching it
Switch off the lights before going to leave the room
Dry cell
Electricity
Precautions
Sources
Dynamo Solar cell
Danger of mishandling electrical appliances Fire
Burn
Electric shock
Safety precautions to be taken when using appliances
Accumulator
Electrocution
Parallel circuit
Series circuit
Symbol and component
Name Dry cell
Do not touch electrical appliances with wet hand Do not repair electrical appliances on your own
Type of circuit
Differences
Connecting wire Switch
Symbol
Light Can be reflected
Travel in a straight line
How ?
Uses of reflection How shadow is formed
When light is completely or partially blocked by an opaque object
Periscope
Kaleidoscope
The light that falls on objects ‘bounces off’ the objects and comes to your eyes
Side mirror of a car mirror Opaque object
Heat
The effects of heat on matter
Matter expands when heated
Matter contract when cooled
Gain
Warmer
Loss
Cooler
How to measure temperature using the correct technique
Investigating Materials
wood
water
solid
gas stem
examples
Properties of solid
Properties of liquid
has mass
Properties of gas has mass
fixed shape fixed
air
liquid
stone
has mass
milk
fixed volume
can't fixed shape
Can't fixed volume
solid liquid
melting
Boiling
1.2 CHANGING STATES OF WATER
liquid gas
Affected by windy and hot weather
evaporation
gas liquid
liquid -
condensation
Freezing
1.3 Understanding the water cycle.
condensatio n evaporation
Importance of water.
Formation of clouds and rain.
sea
Circulation of water in the environment.
Changes in the states of matter in the water cycle Gas → liquid (Condensation)
Liquid to gas (evaporation)
Droplets of water will become bigger and
To prevent living aquatic from being destroyed and undergoing extinction
To regulate the formation of clouds and rain
Reasons to keep our water resources clean.
1.4 Appreciating the importance of water resources.
Ways to keep our water resources clean
To avoid infected diseases
To ensure the cleanliness of water supply
2.1 The properties of acid, alkaline and neutral substances.
Identify acidic, alkaline and neutral substances using litmus paper. Changes in colour of litmus papers
blue to red
Identify the taste of acidic and alkaline food.
• Conclude the properties of acidic, alkaline and neutral substances.
red to blue
bitter
sour
Properties of acid Properties of alkali
acid
alkaline no change
Taste bitter & change red litmus paper blue
Properties of neutral substances
Taste sour & change blue litmus paper red
INVESTIGATING THE EARTH AND AN D THE UNIVERSE
Constellation
planting
harvesting desert
Indicates Seasons
Importance of constellation
sea
Show directions
What constellation is
1.1 Understanding the constellation A group of stars that form a June - August
certain pattern in the sky
Southern Cross
Identify constellation
Scorpion
Scorpion south
Orion
South
April – June
Big dipper Hunter
North
THE EARTH , THE MOON AND THE SUN
2.1 The movements of the Earth, the Moon and the Sun The earth rotates on its axis from west to east
Earth rotates on it axis
Earth rotates and at the same time moves around the sun
Moon rotates on it axis Moon rotates and at the same time moves around the Earth
The changes The Moon and in length and position the Earth move of the shadow round the Sun at throughout the day the same time
night-time
daytime the Earth
the Sun
It is day time for the part of the Earth facing the Sun.
It is night time for the part of the Earth facing away from the Sun.
2.2 The occurrence of day and night axis Day and night occur
2.3 Phases Of The Moon Describe the phases of the moon The Moon Does Not Emit Light
The Moon appear bright when it reflect sunlight
1-New moon, 3- New half moon, 5- Full moon
INVESTIGATING TECHNOLOGY
1.1 The shapes of objects in a structure The shape of objects
Identify shape in structure
Cylinder Sphere
Cube
Cuboid
Cylinder
Strength and Stability
Shapes of objects that are stable Cube, cone, cylinder
The factors that affect stability of objects
1.2 The strength and stability of a structure
Height , base area
How base area affects stability Bigger base area more stable Smaller base area less stable
How height affects stability Design a model that is strong and stable Suggested design strong and stable Bridge – one with manila card
Lower object more stable Higher object less stable
The factors that affect the strength of a structure
