21st Century Literature of the Philippines and the World REVIEWE R Philippine Literature Timeline I. Pre-Colonial a. Epics, Legends, Faith, animism b. Oral Tradition c. Culture and Nature d. Mythology i. Bathala – Bathala – Highest Highest God ii. Tungkung Langit - Rain iii. Tala - Stars iv. Apolaki - Sun v. Dimangan - Harvest II. Spanish Era a. Christianity b. Doctrina Christiana (first book to be published) c. Fiction stories – stories – heaven heaven and hell III. Period of Enlightment a. GomBurZa – GomBurZa – Three Three martirs IV. Revolutionary Period a. Propaganda i. Dr. Jose Rizal ii. Del Pilar iii. Luna iv. Jaena v. Panganiban vi. Paterno b. Noli Me Tangere at El Filibusterismo c. Filipino Heroes are writers V. American Colonization a. Education i. Thomasites 1. Filipino learns how to write, speak in English and be admitted in a free school b. Anglo American Literature VI. Period of Initial Autonomy a. Aristocrat VII. Japanese Regime
a. Filipino Language in Literature for Japanese b. Voice of Freedom VIII. Postwar or Republic a. Free Country b. Development of Literature IX. Contemporary a. J.K Rowling st X. 21 Century 4 Main Genres of Literature Bienvenido Lumbera 1. Poetry - Line, Verse, Stanza - Spoken Word Poetry (Famous) a. Lyric – accompanied by music, with patterns and rhymes, rhythm is a must i. Song – Song – musical musical work ii. Elegy – Elegy – mortality mortality iii. Ode – Ode – addressed addressed poen iv. Sonnett – Sonnett – 14 14 lines b. Narrative – states or narrates a story in real life i. Ballad – Ballad – poems poems about love with happy ending but sometime sentimental and without flowery words ii. Metrical Romance – Love and fate, whoever sticks to be together is based in fate iii. Epic – National hero’s battle c. Dramatic i. Dramatic Monologue – Individual Time to dramatize or act ii. Soliloquy – Soliloquy – What What she think is what she says, personal thoughts 2. Prose Fiction Stories - A free flowing type of text to contain an idea, story or others a. Myth – Myth – gods gods and goddesses b. Legend – Legend – origin origin of something c. Fable – animals to portray as humans Prepared by : Marvin Lucky Allas
d. Parable – Bible, teaches a moral lesson e. Novel – chapters and usually long f. Short Story – Fixed Plot. 3. Drama a. Tragedy i. Tragicomedy ii. Melodrama b. Comedy i. Farce – Exaggerated ii. The Comedy of Manners – love stories of the upper class iii. Satirical Comedy – mocking of man’s foolishness iv. Black Comedy – Taboo v. Romance Comedy – Love and fun 4. Non-Fiction Prose a. Autobiography b. Biography c. Editorial d. Speech e. Essay f. Diary g. Character Sketch Elements of a Literature Story 1. Characters a. Importance – main, secondary, central or leading b. Complexity – flat or round, dynamic or static c. Role – Protagonist and antagonist 2. Settings a. Place, Time, Weather or Geography 3. Plot a. Exposition b. Rising Action c. Conflict d. Climax e. Falling Action f. Resolution or Denouement 4. Theme – central idea of the story
5. Point of View a. 3P Observer – narrater b. 3P Participant – Inclusion c. 3P Omniscient – God d. Limited Omniscient – restriction in dreams 6. Moral or Lesson a. Moral – good values b. Lesson – value of something Drama 1. Characters 2. Dialogue 3. Plot Poetry 1. Rhyme 2. Symbol 3. Figurative a. Simile b. Metaphor c. Irony d. Hyperbole e. Allegory f. Alliteration g. Assonance Literature Criticism 1. Reader-Response Approach a. Subjective, based on opinion b. Essay, reflection paper c. Life experiences 2. Marxism a. Social b. Political c. Economic 3. Formalism a. Form rather than content b. Text 4. Feminism a. Empowerment of women 5. Deconstructionism a. Breaking down the text and find a new concept 6. Psychoanalytic a. Sexual aggression 7. Moral-Philosophical a. Worth of literature Prepared by : Marvin Lucky Allas
b. Values 8. Historical-Biographical a. Author, context 9. Queer Theory a. Phenomenology b. Gender Ambiguity Third World Geography By Cirilo F. Bautista Martial Law 1972 Sept. 21 – Privilege Speech of Ninoy Aquino Sept. 22 – Ambush Sept. 23 – Presidential Proclamation 1081
When We Were Rich o The House on Stilts o Five Brothers, One Mother o Epilogue Anecdote - a short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person. Narration and Description are used in the text to make the readers imagine and engage in the essay. o
Gabriel Garcia Marquez by Louie Jon A. Sanchez Republic act no. 1425. An act to include in the curricula of all public and private schools, colleges and universities courses on the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, authorizing the printing and distribution thereof, and for other purposes. One Hundred Years of Solitude is the most well-known work by Marquez Comparative Essay is what the author used in his text Realism - in the arts is the attempt to represent subject matter truthfully, without artificiality and avoiding artistic conventions, implausible, exotic and supernatural elements. Magic Realism (Latin America) - that is characterized by the matter-of-fact inclusion of fantastic or mythical elements into seemingly realistic fiction. Although this strategy is known in the literature of many cultures in many ages, the term magic realism is a relatively recent designation, Marvelous Realism
Home of the Ashfall by John Jack Wigley Mt. Pinatubo Eruption Style Type - narrative Tone – worries, confused, guilty, uneasy and shocked Mood – dumbfounded
3 settings 1. Manila 2. Abacan Bridge 3. Home The Roadrunner by Rowena Tiempo-Torrevillas Prey – Roadrunner Predator – Wile E. Coyote Ennui - a feeling of listlessness and dissatisfaction arising from a lack of occupation or excitement. Nihilism – is an attitude that finds meaninglessness in things societal structures, rituals or habits and moral codes. Hubris – excessive pride or selfconfidence Hamartia - a fatal flaw leading to the downfall of a tragic hero or heroine.
Five Brothers, One Mother by Alexis Abola Many Mansions – an essay written by Alexis Abola and it is where Five brother one mother come from Small World o
Braj Kachru’s Circle of Language Expanding Circle, Outer Circle and Inner Circle
The Voice Tape by Ariel S. Tabag Foreshadowing - be a warning indication of (a future event).
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Flashback - is an interjected scene that takes the narrative back in time from the current point in the story. Nostalgic – remembering a sad event Some of the themes of the story is Depression, Poverty and Haunting the past.
Ako ang Daigdig by Alejandro G. Abadilla Metafiction o First used by William H. Gass in a 1970 essay, "Philosophy and the Form of Fiction," o signals the kind of text that emphasizes its status as a text. o It is 100% aware of the fact that it's fiction — some literature may try to be naturalistic or realistic, but postmodernism doesn't hide what it is. o Metafiction is a prime example of the self-aware vibe we often find in postmodernism. o Through its references to literary styles and conventions, metafiction gives us another example of postmodernism's brica-brac approach. Postmodern literature isn't about creating something 100% new and real — remember, these ideals are no longer seen as possible by postmodernists. Rather than fighting against this, though, postmodernists go with the flow and embrace the idea of writing stories about stories, instead of getting bogged down in a quest for what's authentic or real.
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