2-Span PSC Composite Girder Bridge

MIDAS

Technical Material

Tutorial 2-Span PSC Composite I Girder Bridge

00 2-Span PSC Composite I Girder Bridge Overview - A two span of 23m long composite bridge consisting of five precast, post tensioned girder beams sp aced at 3m centers are generated using beam elements with defined construction stages. - The behavior of the bridge under Static loads, Prestress loads and Moving loads are examined

In this tutorial we will learn the following things; - How to generate composite sections in midas Civil. - How to assign static and prestress load in midas Civil. - How to define moving load as per Eurocode in midas Civil. - How to define composite section for construction stages in midas Civil. - How to interpret the tendon losses, forces, stresses represented by midas Civil. - How to formulate load combinations in midas Civil. Program Version

Civil 2016 (v1.1)

Revision Date

December, 2015

- How to carry out PSC composite design as per Eurocode in midas Civil.

Step

00

Specifications of the Bridge

    

Bridge Type: Span Length: Width: Moving Loads: Time Dependent Material:

PSC composite bridge (Composite I + girder) 23-m, 2-Span 15 m Eurocode Eurocode

2-Span PSC Composite I Girder Bridge

3

Step

00

General Arrangement Detail of the Bridge

3D View of the Model generated in midas Civil

3m 0.25m 0.15m

0.15m 0.50m

0.50m

0.10m 1.20m

0.30m

0.025m 1.525m

0.10m 0.15m 0.45m

0.45m

Mid Section

End Section 2-Span PSC Composite I Girder Bridge

4

Step

00

General Arrangement Detail of the Bridge

 Structural sections  Expansion Gap between the 2 spans is 40mm.  Girders are spaced 3m c/c.

Support Section

CL of Girder

Tapered Section

Mid Section

0.3m

0.45 m

0.5m 2m

3m

6.5m

Half Girder Elevation 2-Span PSC Composite I Girder Bridge

5

Step

01

Modeling >

Generating Model

Model Generation – Define Units

1

3

Invoke midas Civil 1

Open New File

2

Select the Unit System [ kN, m]

3

Save as ‘2-Span PSC Bridge’

. 2


6

Step

01

Modeling >

Material Properties 4

Model Generation – Material Properties 1 2 3 4

1 2

Go to “Properties” Click on “Material Properties” Click on “Add” to define materials Define Material data: Name > C35/45 Type of design> Concrete Concrete Standard > EN04(RC) DB: C35/45 Click on Apply Name > C25/30 Type of design> Concrete Concrete Standard > EN04(RC) DB: C25/30 Click on Apply Name > Diaph Type of design> Concrete Concrete Standard > EN04(RC) DB: C35/45 Click on Apply Name > Substructure Type of design> Concrete Concrete Standard > EN04(RC) DB: C25/30 Click on Apply

3

5

Name> Tendon Type of Design: Steel Steel Standard: EN05(S) DB: S235 Click on Apply 5

Click on OK


7

Step

01

Modeling >

Time Dependent Material Properties

Model Generation – Time Dependent Material Properties 1

Change unit system [ N, mm ]

2

Go to “Properties”

3

(Creep/Shrinkage)”

4

Click on “Add” to define properties

5

Define Creep / Shrinkage data: Name > C35/45 C&S Code > European Compressive strength of concrete at the age of 28 days > 35 N/mm2 Relative Humidity of ambient environment (40–99) > 70 Notational size of member > 1000mm Age of concrete at the beginning of shrinkage > 3 days Click on Apply

6

1

2 3

5

4

Name > C25/30 C&S Code > European Compressive strength of concrete at the age of 28 days > 25 N/mm2 Other data are same as above Click on Apply 7

7

6

Click on Show Result to see the graph Note: To get the creep & shrinkage strains, the value of relative humidity is to be considered as 70%, Notational size of member, h as 1000mm and Age of concrete at the beginning of shrinkage as 3 days. Later, the h value would be automatically updated for composite sections


8

Step

01

Modeling >

Time Dependent Material Properties

Model Generation – Time Dependent Material Properties 1


2

Click on “Comp. Strength”

3

Click on “Add” to define properties

4

Define Compressive Strength data: Name > C35/45 Comp Type > Code Development of Strength > Code > European) Mean compressive strength of concrete at age of 28 days (fck+delta_f) > 43N/mm2 Click on Redraw Graph Click on OK

5

6

1

3

2

4

Click on Add Name > C25/30 Comp Type > Code Development of Strength > Code > European Mean compressive strength of concrete at age of 28 days (fck+delta_f) > 33N/mm2 Click on Redraw Graph Click on OK

5

6


9

Step

01

Modeling >

Time dependent Material Link 3

Model Generation – Time Dependent Material Link 1


2

Click on “Material Link”

3

Time Dependent Material Link Data 4

Creep/Shrinkage > C35/45 C&S

5

Comp. Strength > C35/45 Comp

6

Double click on C35/45 under

1 2 4

5

6

Materials to shift it to the Selected Materials list 7

Click on “Add / Modify”

Repeat steps 4 to 7 with following

7

input: Creep/Shrinkage > C25/30 C&S Comp. Strength > C25/30 Comp

Double click on C25/30 under Materials to shift it to the Selected Materials list Click on “Add / Modify” 8

Click on “Close”

Any time during the modeling, analysis and design stage, invoking F1 key takes you to web help.

8


10

Step

01

Modeling >

Defining Section 1 4

Model Generation – Defining Girder Support Section

7 2

1

Change unit system [ KN, m ]

2

Go to “Properties” > Section

5

Properties” 3

Click on “Add..”

4

Click on tab “Composite”

5

Select Section type “Composite6

General” 6

8

Import “mid section sec file” created using SPC.

7

Enter Section Name as “Mid”

8

Check option “Composite Section

33

9

10

for PSC Design” & Enter Web Thick. For Shear (total) as “0.4m” 9

Click “Change Offset” Select Offset : Center- Top Click “OK”

10

Click “Apply”

Note: For getting the correct transformed properties of the composite section, the material properties for slab and girder should be defined accordingly in SPC (Section property Calculator) for creating the section.


11

Step

01

Modeling >

Defining Section

Model Generation – Girder Mid 3

1

Select Section type “Composite-

1

General” 2

Import “support section sec file” created using SPC.

3

Enter Section Name as “Sup”

4

Check option “Composite Section for PSC Design” & Enter Web Thick. For Shear (total) as “0.9m”

5

Click “Change Offset”

2

Select Offset : Center- Top Click “OK” 6

Click “Show Calculation Results”

7

Click “Apply”

4

5

6

7

Note: Invoke the section data window by following Steps 1 to 4 in Page 11.


12

Step

01

Modeling >

Defining Tapered Section 1

Model Generation – Defining Tapered Section 2

Note: Invoke the section data window by following Steps 1 to 4 in Page 11.

3

Click on tab “Tapered”

1

4

Select “Composite General Section” 2

Define Taper Right Section:

Similarly Define Taper Left Section:

3

Enter name as “Mid-Sup”

Enter name as “Sup-Mid”

4

Click “Import Section” for section-i

Click “Import Section” for section-i

and import “mid section sec

and import “support section

file”

sec file”

5

.

8

Click “Import Section” for section-j

and import “support section

and import “mid section sec

sec file”

file”

Check option “Composite Section for

6

7

Click “Import Section” for section-j

6

Check option “Composite Section for

PSC Design” & Enter Web Thick.

PSC Design” & Enter Web Thick.

For Shear (total) as “0.4m” and

For Shear (total) as “0.9m” and

“0.9m” as shown for i and j

“0.4m” as shown for i and j

ends respectively

ends respectively



Click on “Apply”

5

Click on “Apply”

7 8

Note: The internal Process of calculation of sectional property as per dimensional variation is explained in the help file. Path: Help > Contents > Start > Model > Properties > Section > Tapered tab, under Note, click on ‘Details’


13

Step

01

Modeling >

Defining Section

Model Generation – Defining Cross Girder Section 1


2

Click on “Section Properties”

3


4

Click on tab “DB/User”

5

Define End Diaphragm: Name > End Diaphragm Section Type > Solid Rectangle Select “User” H > 1.4m, B > 0.45m Click “Change Offset” Select Offset : Center- Top Select Vertical Offset: “User” User offset Reference: Extreme fiber(s) Enter value of I: > -0.25 Click on “Apply”

4 5 1 2

3

7

6

Define Internal Diaphragm: Name > Internal Diaphragm Section Type > Solid Rectangle Select “User” H > 1.4m, B > 0.3m Click “Change Offset” Select Offset : Center- Top Select Vertical Offset: “User” User offset Reference: Extreme fiber(s) Enter value of I: > -0.25 6


7

Click on “OK”

5

Note: To define prismatic sections in midas Civil, go to Models > Properties > Section > Value and here enter the section properties directly instead of section dimensions. To know how sectional properties are calculated go to Help > Contents > Start > Model > Properties > Section > Section Properties


14

Step

01

Modeling >

Defining Section

Model Generation – Defining Pier Cap & Pier Sections 1


2

Click on “Section Properties”

3


4

Click on tab “DB/User”

5

Define Pier Cap : Name> Mid Pier Cap Section Type > Solid Rectangle Select “User” H > 1.5m, B > 1.5m Click “Change Offset” Select Offset : Center- Top Click on “Apply”

4 5 1 2

3

Define Pier: Name > Pier Section Type > Solid Track Select “User” H > 1.5m, B > 3m 6


7

Click on “OK”

6

7

Note: To define prismatic sections in midas Civil, go to Models > Properties > Section > Value and here enter the section properties directly instead of section dimensions. To know how sectional properties are calculated go to Help > Contents > Start > Model > Properties > Section > Section Properties


15

Step

01

Modeling >

Creating Elements

Model Generation – Creating Elements (Girder Mid) 1

Click on “Structure”

2

Click on “Prestressed Composite

1 2

Bridge” wizard 3

Enter Span information as “ [email protected] ”m

4

Enter Deck width as “ 15 ” m

5

Enter Spacing(a) as “ 0.04 ” m & Spacing(b) as “ 0.5 ” m

6

Enter Elastic link Stiffness for bearings of Abutment & Pier as

3

4

Kx = “1e+8” kN/m 5

Ky = “1000” kN/m Kz = “1000” kN/m 7

Enter Elastic link length as “0.1”m

8

Select Material for Pier and Pier-cap as “Substructure” , select Section as

6

“Pier-Cap” & enter its Length as 7

“13.5”m 9

Select Section as “Pier” & enter its

Height as “10”m

8 9


16

Step

01

Modeling >

Creating Elements


Click on “Section” tab

2

Enter Deck Thickness as “ 0.25”m

1 2

Select Deck material as “ C25/30 ” 3

4

3

Select Girder material as “ C35/45 ” Select Diaphragm material as “ Diaph”

4

Enter Number of Girders as “5” and click “Apply” and enter girder

6

offsets as “-6, -3 , 0, 3, 6” respectively for girders “1 to 5” 5

Select Diaphragm sections at End &

5

Pier support locations as “End Diaphragm” and for intermediate diaphragm as “Internal Diaphragm” 6

For Transverse deck element, select “ Divisions per span ” and

8 7 9

number of divisions as “21” 7

Enter No. of Divisions as “5” and click “Apply”. Select sections and

enter end lengths as shown. 8

Repeat Step 7 for “Span2”

9

Uncheck “Generate 10th points..” option 2-Span PSC Composite I Girder Bridge

17

Step

01

Modeling >

Creating Elements


Click on “Tendon” tab

2

Click “ …” to define Tendon property

3

Click “Add” Enter Tendon Name “Tendon” Select Tendon Type “Internal(PostTension” Select Material “Tendon” Click “…” in the dialog box for Total Tendon Area Select Strand Diameter “15.2mm(0.6”)” Enter Number of Strands “12” Click “OK” Enter Duct Diameter “0.09”m Select Relaxation Coefficient “European – Low”

4

Click “OK”

5

Click “Close”

1

2

3

5

4


18

Step

01

Modeling >

Creating Elements


2

3 4

Enter Tendon Data in the table as Shown Change Jacking Stress to

4

“1395000” kN/m^2 Click “Add” Change Segments to “Span2” & repeat Step3

1

2

3


19

Step

01

Modeling >

Creating Elements

Model Generation – Creating Elements (Girder Mid) 1 2

3

4

5

1

Click on “Load” tab Enter widths b1= b5 = “0.5”m b2= b4 = “7”m b3= “0”m Enter wet Con’c density as “25”kN/m^3 & Thickness as “0.25”m Enter Crash Barrier load intensity as “9”kN/m. Also uncheck the option of “Median Strip” loading Enter Wearing Surface load Density as “22”kN/m^3 &

2

3

5 4

Thickness as “0.1”m.


20

Step

01

Modeling >

Creating Elements


1

Click on “Construction Stage” tab Check “Reinforcement” option

3

and Click on “Define Reinforcement…” 3

Select “Mid section”

4

Click on “Multi Add”

5

Enter Reinforcement data as

2

shown in the tables 6

click “OK”

7

Click “Apply”

4

7 5

6


21

Step

01

Modeling >

Creating Elements


1

Click on “Construction Stage” tab Check “Reinforcement” option

3

and Click on “Define Reinforcement…” 3

Select “Mid section”

4

Click on “Multi Add”

5

Enter Reinforcement data as

2

shown in the tables 6

click “OK”

7

Click “Apply”

4

7 5

Note: In case the diameter of rebars is not in terms of P(dia), then change the rebar material code from Tools  Preferences Design  Concrete Rebar Material Code Select IS(RC) & Click OK 6


22

Step

01

Modeling >

Creating Elements


1

Click on “Shear Reinforcement” Enter Shear Reinforcement data under “Diagonal

2

Reinforcement” as Pitch: 0.15m Angle: 90 [deg] Aw: 0.0004022 m^2 (2Legs 5

of P16) 3

Click “Apply”

4

Click “Copy Reinforcements to..” Select “Sup” Section and Click “ -> ” Click “OK” Click “Close”

5

6 7 8

Click “OK” in the wizard window.

6 4 3

7

8


23

Step

01

Modeling >

Creating Elements 1


Click on “Node/Element” tab

2

Click on “Translate” Elements

2

3

option. 3

Type “1to22by3” in element selection box, press Enter Goto Works menu

4

Select “Move” option for translation

5

4

Enter distance dx,dy,dz: “ 0.5,0,0 ”m

6

Click ”Apply”

7

Type “3to24by3” in element

5

selection box, press Enter similar to Step3 8

Change distance to dx,dy,dz: “ -0.5,0,0 ”m similar to Step5

8

Click ”Apply” as in Step6

9

Click ”Close” 6

9


24

Step

01

Modeling >

Creating Elements


1

Switch to Front View by clicking the button as shown

2

4

3

Goto Tree Menu  Works SectionDouble click on “Sup” section to select relevant elements

3

Click on “Activate” button

4

Click on select by window button and select elements

X

as shown. 5

Drag and Drop “Sup-mid”

2

5

section from Tree Menu in the Model Window.

X


25

Step

01

Modeling >

Creating Elements


1

Switch to Front View by clicking the button as shown

2

3

4

6

Goto Tree Menu  Works Section Double click on “Sup” section to select relevant elements

3

Click on “Activate” button

4

Click on select by window button and select elements

X

as shown. 5

2

Drag and Drop “Mid-Sup” section from Tree Menu in

5 X

the Model Window. 6

Click on “Activate All” button to view the whole structure.


26

Step

01

Modeling >

Define Taper Groups

Model Generation – Defining Tapered Section Groups 1

Right Click on the ribbon as shown

2

Check the “Tree Menu 2 “ Option and another Tree menu will appear on the right hand side.

3 4

1 2

Click on “Properties”

6

Click on “Tapered Group” Go to “Tree Menu” 6

7

Set Group Name as “Mid-Sup” Go to Tree Menu 2, Double Click on Mid-Sup Section & the element list will be updated as “95to98 125to128 153to156 183to186 211to214 241to244 269to272 299to302 327to330 357to360” Click on “Add”

3 4

Set Group Name as “Sup-Mid” Go to Tree Menu 2, Double Click on Sup-Mid Section & the element list will be updated as “77to80 107to110 135to138 165to168 193to196 223to226 251to254 281to284 309to312 339to342” Click on “Add” 8

Click on “Close” 7

8


27

Step

01

Modeling >

Editing Geometry 1


Click on “Node/Element” tab

2

Click on “Translate” Elements

2

option. 3

3

Type “244to252” in node selection box, press Enter Goto Works menu

4

Unselect “Only Free Nodes” option for translation

5

Click ”Apply” & “Close”

4

5


28

Step

01

Load >

Creating Live Load Distribution Group

Moving Loads– Creating Cross Element Structure Group 1

2

1

Switch to Front View by clicking 3

the button as shown 2 3

Goto Tree Menu  Group tab

7

Right Click on “Structure Group” & click “New”

4

Give the structure Group Name as “LL-Cross Beam“

5

4

6

Change Selection of “y” direction elements only from bottom ribbon.

6

Use

button to select the whole superstructure in front view as shown.

7

Drag and drop “LL-Cross Beam” structure group over the

5

model window. 8

Change Selection by direction to

8

“none”.


29

Step

02

Load >

Defining Loads

Moving Loads – Define Lane

1

6

4 1

Go to “Load” tab

2

Click “Moving Load”

3

Select “EUROCODE” under Moving Load Code.

4

Click “Traffic Line Lanes” 5 6

7

Click “Add” Enter Lane Name “Lane1” View the figure provided Enter Lane Width “3”m Enter Eccentricity “-4.5”m Enter Wheel Spacing “2”m Select Vehicular load distribution “Cross beam” Select cross beam group LL-Cross Beam Select Moving direction as “Both” Select Selection by “2 Points” Click in the “Box” Click on node no. 5 Click on Node no. 6 Click “OK”

For other lanes, similarly change names, wheel spacing and eccentricities as below by reapeating Steps 5 to 7:

3 2

Moving Loads – Define Lane

Node no. 5

Enter Lane Name “Lane3” Enter Lane Width “3”m Enter Eccentricity “1.5”m Enter Wheel Spacing “2”m Enter Lane Name “Lane4” Enter Lane Width “3”m Enter Eccentricity “4.5”m Enter Wheel Spacing “2”m Enter Lane Name “RA1” Enter Lane Width “1.5”m Enter Eccentricity “6.75”m Enter Wheel Spacing “0.9”m Enter Lane Name “RA2” Enter Lane Width “1.5”m Enter Eccentricity “-6.75”m Enter Wheel Spacing “0.9”m

5

Enter Lane Name “Lane2” Enter Lane Width “3”m Enter Eccentricity “-1.5”m Enter Wheel Spacing “2”m

7

Node no. 6 2-Span PSC Composite I Girder Bridge

30

Step

02

Load >

Defining Vehicles

Moving Loads – Define Lane 1


2


3

Click “Vehicles”

4

Click “Add Standard”

5

Click “OK” to add Load Model 1

1 3

2

4

6

5


31

Step

02

Load >

Defining Moving Load Cases

Moving Loads- Load Cases

1 3

1


2


3

Click “Moving load Cases”

4

Click “Add”

5

Enter Load Case Name as

2

4

5

“LM1_1.0TS+1.0UDL” 6

Check “Ignore Psi Factor” Option

7

Select all lanes from left and click on

10

6

“->” to bring all the lanes in

the selected lanes list. 8

Select Lanes “RA1 & RA2” from selected lanes list and click “->” to move them under

7

Remaining Area List. 9

Click “OK”

10

Click “Close”

8

9


32

Step

02

Construction Stage>

Composite Section Definition

Construction Stage – Comp. Section Definition for Girder Elements 1


2

Click on “Construction Stage”

3

Click “Composite Section for C.S”

4

Click “Update all H”

5

Click “OK”

6

Select “Mid” Section definition

7

Click “Modify…”

8

Change Age for Part1 to “21”days and

1 3 2

6

7

4 5

Part2 to “7”days 9

Click “OK”

10

Repeat Step5 to Step7 by selecting “Sup” Section definition 8

9


33

Step

02

Construction Stage>

Composite Section Definition

Construction Stage – Comp. Section Definition for Girder Elements 1

Click “Add”

2

Select “Stage2”

3

Select “Mid-Sup” section

4

For Part1 :

1

7

Enter Age as “21” days and h as “0.439”m

2

For Part2 :

3

Select Material Type  “Material” Select Material  “C25/35” Select Composite Stage  “Stage3-2” Enter Age as “7” days and h as “0.23 5

Click “OK”

6

Repeat Step1 to Step5 by selecting

4

“Sup-Mid” Section in Step3 7

Click “Close” 5


34

Step

03

Analysis >

Moving Load Analysis Control 1

Moving Load Analysis Control 1

Go to “Analysis” tab

2


3

Enter Distance between points : 0.3m

4

Select Analysis Results Frame

2

“Normal + Concurrent Force” Check “Combined Stress Calculation” 5

Click “OK”

3

4

5


35

Step

03

Analysis >

Construction Stage Analysis

Construction Stage Analysis Control 1


2

Click “Construction Stage”

3

Change Beam Section Property

1 2

Changes to “Constant” 4

Click “OK”

3

4


36

Step

03

Analysis >

Perform Analysis

Run Analysis 1 2 1


2

Click “Perform Analysis”


37

Step

04

Result>

Combination 1

Load Combination 2 1

Go to “Results” tab

2

Click “Load Combination”

3

Click “Concrete Design” tab

4

Click “Auto Generation…”

5

Select Design Code “Eurocode 0”

6

Select “ST+CS”

7

Select “Both” option

8

Click “OK”

9

Click “Close”

3

5

6

7

4 9

8


38

Step

04

Result>

Service Stage Stresses 1

Service Stage Stresses 1


2

Click “Stresses” “Beam Stresses

2

Diagram” 3

Select Load Combination “CBCmax: 3

cLCB3” which is the critical service combination 4 4

Select “Part1” which is Girder part

5

Select point “4(-y,-z)” for viewing stresses at bottom left corner of the I

girder. 6

Check the “Legend option” option

7

Click “Apply”

8

Change the units to “N,mm”

5

6

7

8


39

Step

04

Result>

Design 1

Design as per Eurocode 2 1

Go to “PSC” tab

2

Select “Eurocode2-2:05” and click on “Parameters”

3

Click “Select All” Click “OK”

4

Select “Part1” which is Girder part

3

4


40

Step

04

Result>

Design

Design as per Eurocode 1 1

Click “PSC Design Material”

2

Click “C35/45” in Material List

3

Select for Girder concrete Material Code: EN04(RC) 2

Grade: C35/45 4

Select for Girder Rebar Material Code: EN04(RC) 3

Grade of Main Rebar: Class B Grade of Main Rebar: Class B 5

Select for Slab concrete Material

4

Code: EN04(RC) Grade: C25/30 5 6

Select for Slab Rebar Material Code: EN04(RC) Grade of Main Rebar: Class B

6

Grade of Main Rebar: Class B 7

Click “Modify” & “Close” 7


41

Step

04

Result>

Design

Design as per Eurocode 1

Click “Design/Output Position”

1

“Design Position”

4 2

2

Type “318 331” elements nos in the element selection box and press enter

3

Click “Apply” & “Close”

4

Click “Design/Output Position” “Output Position”

5

Repeat Step2

6


3

6


42

Step

04

Result>

Design

Design as per Eurocode 1

Click on “Shear Connector” option

2

Type “318 331” elements nos in the

7 6 1

2

element selection box and press enter Enter Interface Shear Input as: 3

Angle: 0 [deg]

4

Aw: 2355 mm^2 Fy: 500 N/mm^2

5


6

Click “Perform Design” button to

perform design 7

Click “Excel Report” button after performing design to get design output in excel sheet format for elements 318 & 331

3


43

Step

04

Result>

Stresses 1

Result Verification 2 1

Go to “Results” of Main Menu

2

Click “Stresses”

3

Click “Beam Stresses”

4

Select Load Cases/Combinations “

5

Select “Components”

6

Click Type of Display “Contour”

7

Click “Apply”

8

See the Contour diagram in the

4 3 5

6

“Model View” window

8

7

Note: To view the results in tables, click Results Tables and browse to required quantity Note: The significance of various stress components are clearly explained in detail in the help file . Path: Help > Contents > Start > Result > Stresses > Beam Stresses


44

Step

04

Result>

Tendon Loss 1 2

Result Verification 1


2

Click “Result Tables”

3

Click “Tendon”

4

Click “Tendon Loss”

5

See the various tendon loss in tabular

By grouping the tendons, the average prestress force at the CG of the cables along the length of the bridge can be seen in Tendon Arrangement (Path: Results > Result Tables > Tendon > Tendon Arrangement.)

format in the window “Result[tendon Loss (Tendon Group)]”

4

3 5

Note: Similarly the tables of tendon Coordinates, Elongation , Weight can be checked.


45

Step

04

Result>

Elastic Link Forces (Bearing Forces) 1

Result Verification 1


2

Click “Result Tables”

3

Click “Elastic Link…”

4

Check “LM1_1.0TS+1.0UDL(Mv:max)”

5

Click “OK”

6

See the various forces in the bearings

2

6

3

in “Result-[Elastic Link]”

4

Note: Similarly, forces for all the cases could be viewed, which could be used for design of bearings.

5


46

Step

05

Additional Features (1) DXF Import Important considerations:  Polyline in dxf file will be imported as a plate elements.  Surface in dxf file will be imported as a plate element.  Solid cannot be imported.  Unit system must be consistent.

import Line Beam Elements

import Polyline Rectangle

import

Plate Element

3-D Face


47

Step

05

Additional Features (2) Integral Bridge • Using the formulation proposed by B.M. Lehane, soil springs can be assigned. • To account for this characteristic of the soil, lateral springs are modeled as compression-only springs and vertical springs are modeled as linear elastic springs.


48

Step

05

Additional Features (3) Loads

Self weight Specified Displacement of Supports Pressure Load Temperature Load System Temperature - for applying the change in temperature to whole structure.  Nodal Temperate – for applying change in temperature to certain nodes.  Element Temperature –for applying change in temperature to certain elements.  Temperature Gradient – for applying change in temperature to beam and plate sections.  Beam Section Temperature – for applying temperature gradient to beam sections (General Sections and PSC sections).


49

Step

05

Additional Features (4) Section Property Calculator

• The Import function permits the use of AutoCAD DXF files. • Simple data entry using various modeling functions • The section property calculations are provided for the input section configuration by generating fully automated optimum meshes. • The properties of hybrid sections composed of different material properties can be calculated


50

Step

[email protected]

Bridging Your Innovations to Realities


51

2-Span PSC Composite Girder Bridge

Recommend Documents