11 Sensing the environment.pdf

11 Sensing the environment

Living Science (Second Edition) Unit Test 2

S2 Science Test Unit 11 Sensing the envir r onment Name:____________________________

Time and Marks

Class: ____________________________

Part A: 35 min / 100 marks

Date: ____________________________

Parts Parts A & B: 45 min / 120 120 marks marks

Note: 1

Attempt ALL questions.

2

Write your answers in the spaces spaces provided on the Answer Answer Sheets.

Part Pa rt A (Lev (Level el 1) A

Matching

(4 marks, 1 mark each)

Which sense organ detects each of the following stimuli? Match the stimuli and the sense organs by writing a to d in the blanks on the answer sheets.

1

2

3

4

a Skin

b Eye

c Ear

d Tongue

B

True or false questions

(6 marks, 1 mark each)

Study each of the following statements. Write ‘T’ for a true statement statement and ‘F’ for a false statement on the answer sheets.

1

The protective coat of the eye protects the eyeball.

2

The eyeball is filled with air.

3

Light cannot be focused on the blind spot of the eye.

4

Cones of a patient suffering from cataract cannot function properly because they are only sensitive to white light.

5

Frequently looking at ob jects jects of different colours can help prevent colour blindness.

6

The nerve endings are not evenly spread over our body.

© Oxford University Press 2005

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C

Multiple-choice questions

(20 marks, 2 marks each)

Choose the correct answer for each of the following questions.

1

2

Jimmy feels dizzy when he comes out from the cinema and looks at the strong sunlight at once. Why?

A

Jimmy suffers from astigmatism.

B

Jimmy’s rod cells cannot function properly.

C

The pupils of his eyes do not become smaller promptly.

D

The lenses of his eyes do not become thinner promptly.

Lily went for camping last week. She found that it was more difficult to distinguish between the colours of flowers at night than that in the morning. Which of the following is the most possible reason?

3

4

A

Lily suffers from colour blindness.

B

Cones do not work well in dim light.

C

Rods do not work well in dim light.

D

In dim light, the size of the pupil becomes too large.

Which of the following instruments is not used to look at small ob jects?

A

Electron microscope

B

Binoculars

C

Microscope

D

Hand lens

Which of the following animals has the highest upper limit in hearing range?

A

5

B

C

Which of the following is not an effect of noise pollution?

A

Disturbs our sleep.

B

Makes us feel stressed.

C

Damages our ears gradually.

D

Makes our eardrums thinner.


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D



6

7

8

9

Which of the following is not the stimulus detected by nerve endings in our skin?

A

Pain

C

Pressure

B

Touch

D

Vibration

Which of the following statements about our skin in detecting temperature is correct?

A

Our forefinger feels hotter when it is put in hot water and then put in iced water.

B

Our skin can only detect heat but not cold.

C

Our skin is not reliable in detecting temperature.

D

The skin on different parts of the body is equally sensitive to temperature.

Which of the following is not an involuntary action?

A

Controlling the size of the pupil. C

B

Swallowing.

D

Holding a bottle of water. Withdrawing our hand at once when we touch the boiled water.

After an accident, a patient has a part of his brain damaged that he cannot control balance. Which part of his brain is damaged?

10

D

A

Cerebrum

C

Medulla

B

Cerebellum

D

None of the above

Which of the following behaviours are addictive? (1)

Sniffing thinner

(2)

Smoking

(3)

Drinking alcohol regularly

A

(1) and (2) only

C

(2) and (3) only

B

(1) and (3) only

D

(1), (2) and (3)

Fill in the blanks

(20 marks, 2 marks each)

Study each of the following figures. Write the correct answers on the answer sheets.

1

The figure below shows the structure of a human ear. Name parts a to c.

a ______

b ______

tube leading to the c ______


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2

Different areas of the tongue are more sensitive in detecting a certain taste than the others. Write the kind of taste that parts d to g are most sensitive to.

d ______ e ______ f ______ g ______

3

The figure below shows a cross section of a human brain. Name parts h to j.

h _______

i _______ j _______

E 1

Questions

(50 marks)

A chemical called atropine can relax the focusing muscles of the eyes. Using it for a long term can prevent short sight from getting worse. However, an eye expert said that this chemical can probably affect the sense of sight. Improper use of atropine may even cause fever and illusion.

a

Suggest two causes of short sight.

b

Is the image of a short-sighted person formed in front of the retina, on the retina or behind

(2 marks)

(1 mark )

the retina?

c

Atropine can relax the focusing muscles. Explain how this can correct short sight.

d

A person using atropine needs to wear a pair of glasses when he looks at near ob jects. What

(2 marks)

kind of lens should be used? Draw a diagram to show how light passes through the lens and (4 marks)

enters the eye after correction.

e

Using atropine has certain risks. Suggest another way to prevent short sight from (1 mark )

getting worse besides using atropine.


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2

Mr Wong’s elderly father suffers from hearing loss. His doctor gives him a hearing aid.

hearing aid

a

How does the hearing aid work to help those patients suffering from hearing loss?

b

What must sound travel through in transmission?

(1 mark )

c

State an instrument for measuring loudness of sound.

(1 mark )

d

Which parts of the ear does sound travel through so that the sound vibrations can be changed into messages and sent to the brain? List the parts in the correct order.

e

(2 marks)

(3 marks)

Besides suffering from hearing loss, what other hearing problems may be found in elders? (1 mark )

Suggest one.

f 3

(2 marks)

Suggest two ways to protect our hearing.

Jimmy goes to an ice cream fair with his family. They try a lot of ice cream with different flavours.

a

Which structure of the tongue is responsible for tasting? What kind of cells does this structure consist of?

(2 marks)

b

The tongue is wet. How does it help in tasting?

(2 marks)

c

Jimmy accidentally bites his tongue when he eats an ice cream. He feels pain. Why?

(2 marks)

d

Lily has caught a cold. She cannot distinguish between the ice cream with different (2 marks)

flavours clearly. Why?

e

The tongue can detect only four kinds of tastes. Why can Jimmy distinguish between (2 marks)

ten ice cream with different flavours.


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4

The figure below shows an athlete. He is waiting for the commander to give a signal before starting to run.

a

From the point of giving the signal by the commander, there are five steps reacted by the body of the athlete to start running. Describe these five steps.

(5 marks)

b

Is start running a voluntary or an involuntary action? Why?

(2 marks)

c

Short run requires good balance and muscle coordination. Which part of the brain controls (1 mark )

them?

d

During the race, both breathing and heartbeat rates of the athlete increase. Which part of (1 mark )

the brain controls them?

e

Some athletes take drugs for running faster. However, there are disadvantages in taking drugs (1 mark )

in this way. List one disadvantage.

5

One morning a truck turned upside down at Lung Cheung Road. The driver failed in the alcohol test.

a

Why does drunk driving increase the chance of traffic accidents?

b

What is the colour of the chemical contained in the breathalyzer? If the driver’s breath contains

(2 marks)

alcohol, what is the colour of the chemical changed to?

(2 marks)

c

In the laboratory, which chemical can be used for testing alcohol?

(2 marks)

d

To fairly compare the alcohol contents of two drivers’ breaths, suggest two variables which

e

should be kept constant.

(2 marks)

List two harmful effects of drinking a large amount of alcohol regularly on our bodies.

(2 marks)

End of Part A


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Part B (Level 2) (20 marks) Human Vegetable Read the following passage and answer the questions.

In March 2005, the US court approved to take out the feeding tube from a female vegetable ( ) for carrying out mercy killing ( ). The woman died of lacking water and nutrients within two weeks. The female vegetable suffered from a heart attack in 1990, leading to suffocation ( ) and then a serious damage in her brain. She was diagnosed as a vegetable. Most of the cells in her brain died and were unable to recover. Although she could still breathe and had heart beats, her husband requested for providing her with a mercy killing. This caused a lot of public discussion in the society.

1

If somebody held the hand of the female vegetable, could she feel it? Why?

(4 marks)

2

Was the female vegetable able to speak and move? Why?

(4 marks)

3

A feeding tube was used to give the female vegetable nutrients directly. Explain briefly why the female vegetable could not be normally fed with food.

4

5

(4 marks)

Responding to stimuli is one of the characteristics of a living thing. Should the female vegetable mentioned above be classified as a living thing? Why?

(4 marks)

Do you agree to carry out mercy killing on a human vegetable? Express your opinions.

(4 marks)

End of Part B


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S2 Science Test Unit 11 Sensing the envir onment Answer Sheets Name: __________________

Class: ____________

Marks: __________________ Total: 100% (Part A) / 120% (Parts A & B) Section A Total

Do not write in this box

Part A (Level 1) łġ

Matching (4 marks, 1 mark each)

1 __________

2 __________

3 __________

4 __________ Section B Total


Ńġ

True or false questions (6 marks, 1 mark each)

1 _______

ńġ

2 _______

3 _______

4 _______

5 _______

6 _______

Multiple-choice questions (20 marks, 2 marks each)

Section C Total


1 __________

2 __________

3 __________

4 __________

6 __________

7 __________

8 __________

9 __________ 10 __________

Ņġ

5 __________

Fill in the blanks (20 marks, 2 marks each)

a ______________________

b ______________________

c ______________________

d ______________________

e ______________________

f ______________________

g ______________________

h ______________________

i ______________________

j ______________________

ņġ

Œuestions (50 marks)

1 a ___________________________________________________________________________ b ___________________________________________________________________________ c ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

d ___________________________________________________________________________


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Section D Total




After correction:

e ___________________________________________________________________________ 2 a ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

b ___________________________________________________________________________ c ___________________________________________________________________________ d ___________________________________________________________________________ e ___________________________________________________________________________ f

___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

3 a ___________________________________________________________________________ b ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

c ___________________________________________________________________________ d ___________________________________________________________________________ e ___________________________________________________________________________ 4 a ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

b ___________________________________________________________________________ c ___________________________________________________________________________ d ___________________________________________________________________________ e ___________________________________________________________________________


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5 a ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

b ___________________________________________________________________________ c ___________________________________________________________________________ d ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

Section E Total


e ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

Part B (Level 2) (20 marks) 1 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

2 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

3 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

4 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

5 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________


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Part B Total




S2 Science Test (Unit 11 Sensing the environment) Answers Part A (Level 1) Matching (4%) 1c 2d 3a

4b

1 m each

True or false questions (6%) 1T 2F 3F 4F

5F

Multiple-choice questions (20%) 1C 2B 3B 4C 5D 6D 7C

6T

8C

1 m each

9B

10 D

2 m each

Fill in the blanks (20%) a ear bones

b cochlea

c throat

d bitter

e sour

f salty

g sweet

h cerebrum

I medulla

j cerebellum

2 m each

Questions (50%) 1 a The eyeball is too long. / The lens is too thick.

1 m each

b In front of the retina.

1m

c When the focusing muscles relax, the lens becomes thinner. Light from distant ob jects focused on 2m

the retina again.

d Convex lens should be used.

1m

3m

e Read in sufficient light. / Keep a certain distance from books, television screens and computer monitors. / Wear glasses to correct eye defects and have regular eye check. / Take a rest when our eyes feel tired. Simply close them or look at distant ob jects. (any 1)

1m

2 a The hearing aid helps collect sound vibrations in the air and magnify the loudness to a level that 2m

the patients can hear.

b Sound must travel through a medium in transmission.

1m

c Decibel meter.

1m

d Ear flap Æ ear canal Æ eardrum Æ ear bones Æ cochlea Æ auditory nerve e Their hearing ranges become narrow. (or other reasonable answers) f

0.5 m for each part 1m

Avoid listening to loud noise for a long time. / Stay away from noisy places. / Wear ear protectors when working at noisy places. (any 2)


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1 m each



3 a Taste buds.

1m 1m

Sensory cells.

b The flavouring chemicals of food dissolve in the saliva on the tongue. This stimulates the 2m

taste buds to send messages to the brain.

c Because the tongue contains a large number of nerve endings which detect pain.

2m

d Because the flavour of food is detected by both smell and taste. Catching a cold weakens the smell.

2m

e Because our nose can distinguish between much more different chemicals.

2m

4 a The ears receive the signals from the commander.

1m

The ears send messages to the brain.

1m

The brain interprets the messages, thinks and decides.

1m

The brain sends messages to the leg and hand muscles.

1m

Some muscles contract and some muscles relax to enable the body to start running.

1m

b It is a voluntary action.

1m

Because the action is controlled by thinking.

1m

c The cerebellum.

1m

d The medulla.

1m

e Because the drugs may have side effects. (or other reasonable answers)

1m

5 a Because drivers who have been drinking alcohol react more slowly. Alcohol affects their ability to judge speed and distance.

2m

b Orange.

1m

Green.

1m

c Dilute acidified dichromate solution.

2m

d The volume of dilute acidified dichromate solution. / The concentration of dilute acidified dichromate solution. / The volume of breath collected. (any 2)

2m

e It causes addiction. / It affects our senses. / It makes us lose control of our speech, movements and emotions. / It damages our liver and our brain seriously. / It may even be fatal. (any 2)

2m

Part B (Level 2) (20%) 1 She might not feel it. Because most of the cells in her brain died and were unable to interpret messages.

4m

2 No. Because most of the cells in her brain died and were unable to send messages to muscles.

4m

3 Because most of the cells in her brain died and were unable to control voluntary actions such as 4m

opening of mouth and chewing of food.

4 Yes. Because she still had the common characteristics of living things. She could not behave normally just because her brain could not function after the accident. (or other reasonable answers)

4m

5 Answers vary with students. (Support: When the brain of a human vegetable dies, he / she can be regarded as a dead person. / We should not let the human vegetable live without dignity. / If there is no hope in healing, we should ease the pain / stress suffered from the human vegetable and his / her families.) (Oppose: Life should not be controlled by humans. / Mercy killing is equal to murder. / The doctors and the families should try their best to heal the patient when there is still a little chance.)


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4m

11 Sensing the environment.pdf

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