GR No. 176986, January 13, 2016 Nissan Car Lease Phils Inc (Petitioner) v LICA Management and Proton (Respondents) Third Division Ponente Jarde!e"a, J. Petition #or Revie$ on %ertiorari %ertiorari assai!in& assai!in& the de'ision de'ision o# the %ourt o# ())ea!s ())ea!s in Nature of Action Petition ru!in& #or the va!idity o# e*tra+udi'ia! res'ission. res'ission. FACT!
-/ is the aso!ute o$ner o# a )ro)erty !o'ated at Pason& Tao *tension, aati %ity. /t entered into a 'ontra't $ith N%-P/ #or the !atter to !ease the )ro)erty #or a ter o# ten 4105 years $ith a onth!y onth!y renta! o# ₱308,000.00 308,000.00.. useuent!y useuent!y,, N%-P/ e'ae de!inuent de!inuent in )ayin& the onth!y rent. rent. Nissan and -i'a vera!!y a&reed to 'onvert the arreara&es into a det to e 'overed y a )roissory note and t$e!ve t$e!ve 4125 )ostdated )ostdated 'he's 'he's ea'h aountin& aountin& to ₱162,1.9 162,1.9 as onth!y onth!y )ayents )ayents startin& June June 1996 unti! ay 1997. :hi!e N%-P/ $as a!e to de!iver the )ostdated 'he's )er its vera! a&reeent $ith -/, it #ai!ed to si&n the )roissory note and )ay the 'he's #or June to ;'toer 1996. Thus, in a !etter dated ;'toer 16, 1996, -/ in#ored N%-P/ that it $as terinatin& their %ontra't o# -ease due to arrears in the )ayent o# renta!s. renta!s. /t a!so deanded that N%-P/ 415 )ay the the aount o# ₱2,61,70.39 #or un)aid un)aid renta! renta!ss and 425 va'ate va'ate the the )rei )reises ses $ithin $ithin #ive 45 days #ro #ro re'ei) re'ei)tt o# the noti'e. noti'e. /n the eantie, Proton sent N%-P/ an undated reuest to use the )reises as a te)orary dis)!ay 'enter #or <(udi< rand 'ars #or a )eriod o# ten 4105 days. N%-P/ entered into a eorandu o# (&reeent $ith Proton $herey the #orer a&reed to a!!o$ Proton
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:hether the 'ontra't 'an e res'inded e*tra+udi'ia!!y des)ite the asen'e o# a s)e'ia! 'ontra'tua! sti)u!ation there#or.
R"LIN$!
>es. (rt. 1191 )rovides that the )o$er to res'ind is i)!ied in re'i)ro'a! o!i&ations, in 'ases $here one o# the o!i&ors shou!d #ai! to 'o)!y $ith $hat is in'uent u)on hi. /t is '!ear #ro the re'ords that N%-P/ 'oitted sustantia! rea'hes o# its %ontra't o# -ease $ith -/. (side #ro non+)ayent o# renta!s, it a))ears that N%-P/ a!so rea'hed its o!i&ations under Para&ra)hs Para&ra)hs th and th o# the %ontra' %ontra'tt o# -ease -ease $hi'h $hi'h )rohi )rohiit it it #ro #ro su!ea su!easin sin& & the )reises )reises or introdu'in& i)roveents or a!terations thereon $ithout -/?s )rior $ritten 'onsent. (s revea!ed #ro the eviden'e )resented y PR;T;N ho$ever, even e#ore N%-P/ re)resented that it $ou!d try to ne&otiate a )ossi!e su+!ease o# the )reises, it had, $ithout any se!an'e o# authority #ro -/, a!ready e##e'tive!y su!eased the sue't )reises to PR;T;N and a!!o$ed the !atter not on!y to enter the )reises ut to renovate the sae. /t is true that N%-P/ and -/?s %ontra't o# -ease does not 'ontain a )rovision e*)ress!y authori"in& e*traudi'ia! res'ission. -/ 'an neverthe!ess res'ind the 'ontra't, $ithout )rior 'ourt a))rova!, )ursuant to (rt. 1191 o# the %ivi! %ode. (rt. 1191 )rovides that the )o$er to res'ind is i)!ied in re'i)ro'a! o!i&ations, in 'ases $here one o# the o!i&ors shou!d #ai! to 'o)!y $ith $hat is in'uent u)on hi. ;ther$ise stated, an a&&rieved )arty is not )revented #ro e*tra+udi'ia!!y res'indin& res'indin& a 'ontra't to )rote't its interests, even in the asen'e o# any )rovision e*)ress!y )rovidin& #or su'h ri&ht. The rationa!e #or this ru!e $as e*)!ained in the 'ase o# University of the Philippines v. De los Angeles $herein this %ourt he!d The !a$ de#inite!y does not reuire that the 'ontra'tin& )arty $ho e!ieves itse!# inured ust #irst #i!e suit and $ait #or a ud&ent e#ore tain& e*traudi'ia! ste)s to )rote't its interest. ;ther$ise, the )arty inured inured y the other@s other@s rea'h rea'h $i!! have have to )assiv )assive!y e!y sit and $at'h its daa&e daa&ess
a''uu!ate durin& the )enden'y o# the suit unti! the #ina! ud&ent o# res'ission is rendered $hen the !a$ itse!# reuires that he shou!d e*er'ise due di!i&en'e to inii"e its o$n daa&es 4%ivi! %ode, (rti'!e 22035. (n e*traudi'ia! res'ission ased on &rounds not s)e'i#ied in the 'ontra't $ou!d not )re'!ude a )arty to treat the sae as res'inded. The res'indin& )arty, ho$ever, y su'h 'ourse o# a'tion, sue'ts hise!# to the ris o# ein& he!d !ia!e #or daa&es $hen the e*traudi'ia! res'ission is uestioned y the o))osin& )arty in 'ourt. /n other $ords, the )arty $ho dees the 'ontra't vio!ated ay 'onsider it reso!ved or res'inded, and a't a''ordin&!y, $ithout )revious 'ourt a'tion, ut it proceeds at its own risk . Aor it is on!y the #ina! ud&ent o# the 'orres)ondin& 'ourt that $i!! 'on'!usive!y and #ina!!y sett!e $hether the a'tion taen $as or $as not 'orre't in !a$.
