WDM Design Introduction
Dark fiber vs passive and active WDM Dark fiber solution + low cost interfaces + no cost for passive equipment - high cost for fiber rental - long provisioning times - difficult fiber management - no management or performance monitoring
Passive WDM solution + no transponder cost + low cost for fiber rental + short provisioning times - only possible for short distance - no management or performance monitoring
Active WDM solution - transponder cost + low cost for fiber rental + short provisioning times + transponders and client equipment could be in different locations + management or performance monitoring + aggregators for better wavelength utilisation + advanced networking functions, e.g. Protection, FEC, ROADM
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CWDM Typical CWDM characteristics •
Low cost profile – typically less management, cheaper components, un-cooled lasers. Un-amplified technology! Max 16 wavelength channels – Lowest attenuation in 1550nm region. Intrinsic increase in attenuation for lower channels. Warning for ”water peak”!
•
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WDM Wavelength Optical Amplifier (EDFA) gain curve CWDM Outside DWDM-band
DWDM C-band
DWDM L-band
30 dB
gain
25 dB
20 dB
15 dB
Wavelengths standardized by ITU. G.694.1 DWDM-spacings: 12.5GHz, 25GHz, 50GHz, 100GHz .... G.694.2 CWDM-spacing: 20nm Coarse WDM (CWDM): Lasers w/o temperature control Dense WDM (DWDM) : Lasers with temperature control 4
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Topologies Star network • Point-to-point • Every node has a separate fiber • No protection
HUB
Chain network • Bus structure • All nodes share same fiber • No protection
HUB
Ring network • Ring • All nodes share same fiber • Possibility to use protection
HUB
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Chain network Without wavelengths – shared capacity Hub 1Gb/s
1Gb/s
1Gb/s
With wavelengths – individual capacity
Hub
1Gb/s
4x1Gb/s
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1Gb/s
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1Gb/s
1Gb/s
1Gb/s
RING/Mesh NETWORK – SDH vs WDM
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RING/Mesh NETWORK – Ethernet vs WDM
10GBE 10GBE 10GBE W
10GBE
E
10GBE 10GBE W
ch1
Price comparison 10x GBE >1x 10G 4x 10G < 1x 40G
E
ch2
1 2 3 4
16x 10GBE interfaces 10GBE 10x 10x GBE 40GBE interfaces interfaces 10x 10GBE interfaces 1 2 3 4
ch4 W
ch3
E
W
E
10GBE 10GBE
10GBE
10GBE
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10GBE
Price comparison 16x 10G << 10x 40G
10GBE
Conclusion: Use WDM
Optical networks with amplifiers OK up to 80km
SDH
SDH
What if the link is 240km?
SDH
80km
SDH
80km
80km
SDH
SDH
What if you have optical amplifiers?
SDH
80km
80km
80km
SDH
What if you want more channels? SDH
SDH SDH
80km
80km
SDH
80km
SDH
SDH
SDH
SDH
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Optical Power Budget Add loss
Fiber loss1
TX
Drop loss
Express loss
Output power
Input power
Fiber loss2
RX
Output power Receiver sensitivity
Network margin=Tx -Rx –filter loss –fiber loss –dispersion penalty Output power
Receiver sensitivity
1dB 2dB
Dispersion Penalty (dB)
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Dispersion
Transmode focuses on Metro/Regional networks
Long haul network
Metro and regional networks Access
Mobile Backhaul
xDSL Triple Play
Access
CATV/MSO Triple Play
FTTx/PON Triple Play
Storage Networks
Enterprise Networks
= Transmode
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Technologies in different part of the network
Long haul network
Metro and regional networks
• Flexible Optical Networks (ROADMs) • Native Packet Optical 2.0 (integrated layer-1 and layer-2 in same platform) • Ethernet aggregation and switching • OTN aggregation • CWDM/DWDM mix
• CWDM/DWDM mix • Passive solutions (TG-series) • iWDM PON • Ethernet demarcation units • Multi-service aggregation
Access
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• Advanced amplifiers like Raman, high power EDFA and hybrid EDFA/Raman • Coherent 40G/100G traffic units today and 400Gb/s and 1Tb/s later • Flex grid on ROADMs and filters to support future high bit rates • IP/MPLS routing • OTN switching • ASON
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TM-Series; Four Transport technologies iWDM: A complementary technology to SDH/SONET/OTN with unique features. iWDM
SDH/SONET: Primarily for interfacing to other SDH/SONET networks.
SDH/SONET
OTN OTN: Dynamic multi-service multiplexing and interfacing to other OTN-networks. Core oriented. Native Ethernet
Native Ethernet: Focused on costeffective Ethernet transport, low delay and extreme sync quality. 1G
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10G
100G
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Traffic units
- Transponders One client signal per line wavelength. Line rates; 2.5G, 4G, 8G, 10G & 40G 100G - Muxponders TDM-multiplexing of up to 10 clients per line wavelength Line rates; 2.5G, 4G, 10G, 40G 100G - Ethernet Demarcation Units CPE devices with advanced Layer-2 functionality (e.g. MEF) Line rates; FE, GbE and 10GbE-LAN - Ethernet Muxponders Native Ethernet Aggregation/switching Line rates; FE, GbE, 10GbE-LAN 100G - MultiService Access Unique solution for E1/T1 and Ethernet transport Line rates; 2,5G and 4G (between Access unit & Hub)
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Pluggable Optics Technology agnostic Traffic units! All units can be used for CWDM or DWDM! Translation from CWDM to DWDM
SFP:CWDM, DWDM, uncolored up to 4Gb/s
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XFP/SFP+: CWDM, tunable DWDM & uncolored SFP: Electrical for Eth, STM-1, Video for 8Gb/s & 10Gb/s
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Trends in optical networks Higher capacity CWDM vs DWDM 1Gb/s vs 10Gb/s vs 40Gb/s vs 100Gb/s and more
Fiber to access Passive networks Fiber to base stations Fiber to the home
Network Automation Automatic power balancing Remote compensation for fiber aging Wavelength routing
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Drivers of capacity in metro networks Enterprise
Mobile
Broadband
Smartphones
Cloud computing
Video on Demand
Dongles
Datacenter interconnect
HDTV/3DTV
78% CAGR 2011-2016 Mobile data traffic (consumer + enterprise)
Low latency applications
28% CAGR 2011-2016 Residential IP traffic
Increases capacity requirements in mobile backhaul
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18% CAGR 2011-2016 Enterprise fixed Internet (External) traffic
Increases capacity requirements in enterprise networks
Source Cisco 2012
Increases capacity requirements in broadband backhaul
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Applications
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Cable and broadband backhaul
Wholesale / carrier Ethernet services
Mobile backhaul
Scalability
Layer 1 & 2 integration
Synchronization performance
Enterprise datacenter connectivity
Video delivery services
Low latency services
Multiservice
Multicast
Performance : 4 ns
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Example of Service offering
Service
Capacity Signal formats
Dark fiber
L1 transparent
L2 transparent
Synch
Protection option
Yes
Private line SAN
1G/2G/4G/8G/ 10G FC
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Private line SDH
E1 STM-/4/16/64
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
E-LINE
1Mb/s-1Gb/s 10GBE LAN
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
E-LAN
1Mb/s-1Gb/s 10GBE LAN
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
L3 VPN
1Mb/s-1Gb/s
No
No
No
Yes
L3 Internet
1Mb/s-1Gb/s
No
No
No
No
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Our story begins with the network operator Tele-1000 An emerging operator without WDM needs to grow his existing network. Existing network consists of DSL and rented fiber
NOC
Metro Network
GBE
GBE
GBE
In/Outdoor DSLAMs
Access Network
GBE
GBE GBE
Internet
GBE
Tele house for peering
Service offering: L3 Internet connection via DSL
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