Oktavionita
ANDALAS UNIVERSITY
Moll’s Rebellion Rebellion toward Double Oppression Syste in Daniel De!oe’s Moll "landers# a "einist$Mar%ist study
A &roposal 'y#
Nae
# &utri o(ta)ionita
Re*+ No
# ,,,-.//--0
EN1LIS2 DE&ARTMENT "A3ULTY O" 2UMANITIES ANDALAS UNIVERSITY &ADAN1 4 5-,0
Oktavionita
A. BACKGROUND
In t6e early ei*6teent6 7entury8 in Europe espe7ially En*land be*an t6e industrial re)olution+ T6is e)ent was si*ned by enorous usa*e o! a76ine+ T6ose ad)anta*es 7an 6elp people to do soet6in* to be easier and !aster+ In !a7t8 t6is oent *a)e positi)e and ne*ati)e e!!e7t t6at 7an 76an*e t6eir li!e+ T6e positi)e ipa7t !ro t6is oent was Europe be7ae de)elop 7ountry8 any industries used a76ine to a76ie)e t6eir produ7tion in a s6ort tie+ In t6e ot6er 6and8 t6ere were also 6a)e a ne*ati)e ipa7t any people 6ad lost t6eir 9ob be7ause any 7opany 76osen to use a76ines+ T6is situation indu7ed !or a poor people be7ae poorer8 w6ile t6e ri76 be7ae ri76er+ Ine:uality o! li!e in t6at era 6as 7aused Daniel De!oe *a)e in!luen7e to 6is wor(s “Moll Flanders”. Daniel De!oe is one o! t6e 7lassi7 aut6ors t6at wrote !irst no)el in En*lis6 literature8 Robinson Crusoe+ 2e be*an to writes soet6in* 7riti7s o! t6e dan*er o! politi7s8 su76 as a poe True Born Englishman ;,.-,<+ 'ut 6e was bored and 6e was enterin* 6isel! to write soet6in* about !i7tion+ Soe o! 6is !i7tions are= Robinson Crusoe, Captain Jack and Moll Flanders ;,.55<+ Moll "landers t6at publis6ed in ,.558 De!oe puts 6is 7riti7 about t6e e!!e7t o! t6e industrial re)olution in En*land in early ei*6teent6 7entury+ 2e wrote t6is no)el based on so7iety in t6at era+ Soe people assue t6at t6is no)el as autobio*rap6y be7ause t6is story is re!le7tion o! t6ose so7iety and Vir*inia >ool! was ar*ue in one o! 6er essays8 ?T6e No)els o! De!oe8? t6is no)el not surely popular w6en it publis6ed
Oktavionita
in ,.55 be7ause t6e Vi7torian audien7es less interested about @prostitution and 7riinals in t6e no)el t6an anot6er De!oe boo( about an upstandin*8 w6ere ale prota*onist+ Moll in Moll "landers is re!le7tion 6ow t6e poorer w6o are stru**lin* to sur)i)e in 7apitalist so7iety+ Moll was born !ro 7riinal ot6er8 and s6e *ot punis6ent8 w6en oll was still a baby+ Moll *rew up and been beauti!ul woan wit6 *ood attitude be7ause s6e *ot edu7ation by a ri76 !aily+ A7tually s6e is a *ood woan8 but soet6in* be*an 6appen w6en t6e older son !ro t6e ri76 !aily too( 6er to do se%ual relations6ip and a!ter t6at 6e *i)es soe pounds to Moll+ S6e 6olds out in 7apitalist so7iety8 s6e doin* anyt6in* so t6at s6e 7an es7ape !ro po)erty+ S6e doin* any arria*es8 wit6out lo)e only !or *et soe oney and wealt6y+ it sees t6at S6e le*aliBe prostitution by usin* arria*es as dis*uise + Not only doin* prostitutes8 Moll also doin* t6e 7rie+ S6e doin* it a!ter 6er !i)e 6usbands 7ould not *i)e 6er support and wealt68 and in one sides s6e did not want to ba7( to po)erty+ T6e writer 76ooses t6is no)el as 6er resear76 data be7ause t6e writer wants to 7ounter soe writin*s t6at 6a)e ne*ati)e perspe7ti)e about t6e ain 76ara7ter+ T6e writer wants to s6ow t6at in early ,Ct6 7entury was t6e be*innin* o! !einist o)eent+
Moll is one o! woen 6eroines w6o 6a)e 7oura*e to stand a*ainst
patriar76al ideolo*y and 7apitalist syste+
Oktavionita
B. IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROBLEM
Moll in Moll "landers portrays woan stru**le to *et a76ie)e+ Moll’s e!!ort to es7ape 6er li!e !ro patriar76al ideolo*y+ T6is resear76 !o7uses on 6ow a woan li(e oll 7ould brea( an assuption t6at woen 6a)e an ability !ro a situation w6ere s6e is bound by t6e power t6at *i)es an enorous in!luen7e !or woen8 w6i76 is about 7apitalis and patriar76y are )ery stron* at t6at tie+ T6is in)ol)e on "einist$ Mar%ist approa76+ "einist Mar%ist 7riti7is re9e7ts woen e%ploitation under patriar76al ideolo*y+ 'ased on t6is t6ou*6t8 "einist Mar%ist a)oids an assuption t6at woan 6as no )alue but t6e body+ C. Scope of the Research To a(e t6is resear76 !o7us and also to liit t6is resear76 t6e writer will
answer t6ese :uestions# ,+ 2ow ale doinated in 7lass so7iety in ,Ct6 7entury proposed by t6e no)el 5+ >6at are t6e ipa7ts o! t6e ale doination toward oppressed$woan /+ 2ow did Moll !ind 6er 6appiness and es7ape !ro oppressed syste
D. Objecties of the Research
T6is study is aied to s6ow 6ow ale$power 6as enorous e!!e7t !or 7ertain so7iety+ Men bene!ited by power and wealt6+ 'eside t6eir wealt6y8 t6ey also are ore doinant t6an woen in t6at era+ T6ere!ore woen 6a)e oppression in so7iety and s6e was only able to rely on a an+ In Moll Flanders, Moll a7ts li(e a 6eroine w6o
Oktavionita
are able to brea( t6ese assuptions8 s6e 7an do w6at an do+ S6e 7an pro)e t6at s6e 7an sur)i)e wit6out a an in aid t6e bitterness and 6ars6ness o! li!e in ,C t6 7entury+
E. Preio!s St!"ies
T6e writer will use soe pre)ious studies as sour7es+ T6e writer !ound soe arti7les about Moll "landers+ T6e !irst arti7le written by Ya$6uei >an* wit6 t6e title @Lo)e and oney in Daniel da!oe’s Moll Flanders” + 2e said t6at Moll 6as bi* desire !or oney t6an lo)e8 s6e needs e7onoi7 se7urity to support 6er li!e by doin* le*aliBe arria*es+ Marria*e in ,Ct6 7entury is not only !or lo)e8 but !or anot6er reasons+ It’s only !or so7ial status and !or !inan7ial pro!it+ A ri76 an 6as to arry wit6 a ri76 woan+ 'e7ause in t6at era8 beauty is not t6e iportant t6in* !or en 7ould !allin* in lo)e to woen+ T6e last >an* idea is Moll is representation o! abandoned woen in ,Ct6 era8 w6ere t6e wealt6y only 7an sa!ety+ In !a7t8 t6ere was no ser)i7e !or widow and any woen were dyin* !ro star)ation+ T6e se7ond8 enni!er 36as(a)i76 in 6er arti7les Fortunate !ialect" Class, #anguage, and $ur%i%al in !e&oe's Moll Flanders. Moll "landers 6as sense o! upper 7lass lan*ua*e8 but based on translates in t6e ipli7ation and seanti7 is !or t6e lower 7lass+ @@6is ot6er 6ad let !all soe spee76es8 as i! s6e intended to put e out
Oktavionita
o! t6e !aily= t6at is8 in En*lis68 to turn e out o! doors+ 2er stateents s6ow t6at s6e in two di!!erent 7onte%t situation+ In one side s6e t6ou*6t t6at 6is ot6er will 7onsider prote7tin* 6ersel! and preser)in* 6er !aily and property+ 'ut in one side Moll des7ribes about low$status about 6er p6ysi7al sa!ety+ Moll is a *entlewoan w6o uses t6e 6i*6 and low 7lass entalities to sur)i)e wit6 e%ploit lan*ua*e+ S6e uses spe7i!i7 lan*ua* e to 9usti!y in 6er li!e proble8 su76 as arria*es8 76ild6ood and 7ries+ “the soul is made desperate by distress; and what can be done?” (189)
2er lower 7lass a7tion des7ribes t6at s6e 9usti!ied in doin* t6e 7riinal to sur)i)e8 espe7ially in stealin*+ "ro s6e was 76ild6ood8 s6e li)e in po)erty8 alone8 wit6out 6er parents+ S6e was @a poor baby+ S6e always blain* 6ersel!8 @I 6ad *i)en t6e parents a 9ust reproo! !or t6eir ne*li*en7e in lea)in* t6e poor little lab to 7oe 6oe by itsel! and re!ers to t6e @)anity o! t6e ot6er+ And to es7ape !ro t6e po)erty8 s6e tries to sur)i)e wit6 do t6e 7riinal a7t+ F. Theoretica# Fra$e%or&
T6e writer will apply "einist Mar%is approa76 !or t6is resear76+ T6e !irst8 t6e writer will e%plain t6e !einist approa76+ "einist is t6eory about e:uality between en and woen8 in politi7al8 so7iolo*i7al8 and e7onoi7al and t6e o t6er else but se%+ In !einist8 we also (now about patriar76y+ &atriar76y based on Lindsey 1eran ;5--F< is=
Oktavionita
@a set o! so7ial relations between en8 w6i76 6a)e a aterial base8 and w6i768 t6ou*6 6ierar76i7al8 establis6 or 7reate interdependen7e or solidarity aon* en t6at enable t6e to doinate woen+ 'ased on t6ose stateents we (now t6at patriar76y is an in7orre7t understandin* o! so7ial relations6ips8 w6ere en 7an doinate woen+ Gate Millet in So7ial &oliti7 also ar*ues about patriar76y8 s6e assues t6at# @Our so7iety8 li(e all ot6er 6istori7al 7i)iliBation8 is a patriar76y+ T6e !a7t is e)ident at on7e i! one re7alls t6at t6e ilitary8 industry8 te76nolo*y8 uni)ersities8 s7ien7e8 politi7al o!!i7e8 and !inan7eHin s6ort8 e)ery a)enue o! power wit6in t6e so7iety8 in7ludin* t6e 7oer7i)e !or7e o! t6e poli7e8 is entirely in ale 6ands+ ;$e(ual )olitics ,.-# 5J< 'ot6 o! t6ose ar*uent8 we *et t6e point about patriar76al ideolo*y w6i76 is a !alse t6ou*6t t6at will *i)e ne*ati)e e!!e7t !or woen w6ere woen will 6a)e little pla7e in so7iety+ >6ile en 6a)e ore power in so7ial8 politi7al and e7onoi7al+ Soe !i*ures8 w6o pioneered !einist o)eent8 are Mary >ollstone7ra!t+ S6e is t6e ot6er o! t6e erry S6elley ; Frankenstein<+ 2er ot6er is a o)er t6e !einist o)eent8 w6o was born in ,.J and died in ,..+ In 6er boo( *indication o& the Rights o& +oman t6ou*6t t6at boys and *irls s6ould *et t6e sae ri*6ts to edu7ation as well as t6ey s6ould be e:ually responsible !or 7are to t6eir 76ildren+ ;7alr(<
Oktavionita
nother woman movement is !ir"inia #ool$% &he is “a key '"ure in the modernist literary movement%” &he is the $emale writer that writes between ## and % ased on her 19*9 essay+ , -oom o$ One.s Own+, says;
“ you need privacy+ money+ and "ood $ood to do "ood work% $ you have a lousy meal+ how could you be in the mood to write beauti$ully? $ you don.t have any privacy+ how will you "et your thou"ht down on paper without your husband or your kid bu""in" you? $ you have to work at odd /obs $or money+ how will you 'nd time to write?” (&hmoop 0ditorial eam)
oth o$ $emale author+ we know that $eminist $ocus on "ender e2uity between men and women+ especially to e2uality o$ "ender roles%
Mar%ist literary 7riti7is !o7uses on e7onoi7 and so7iety+ Mar%ist is A re)olutionary 7riti:ue o! 7apitalist so7iety ;2it767o7(< + in Mar%ist we also (now about 7apitalist ideolo*y+ 3apitalis is= @an e7onoi7 syste in w6i76 in)estent in and owners6ip o! t6e eans o! produ7tion8 distribution8 and e%76an*e o! wealt6 is ade
Oktavionita
and aintained 76ie!ly by pri)ate indi)iduals or 7orporations8 espe7ially as 7ontrasted to 7ooperati)ely or state$owned eans o! wealt6+ ;o%!ord< "einist literary 7riti7is and Mar%ist literary 7riti7is 7oonly 6a)e siilarities+ 'ot6 o! t6e also do 6a)e power+ "einist doinated by en w6o are (nown wit6 t6e ter patriar76al ideolo*y w6ile t6e Mar%ist 7ontrolled by t6e 7apitalist syste+ In t6is 7ase t6e writer will apply two t6eories re9e7tin* t6ese powers8 so t6e aut6ors 7obine t6ese two t6eories to stren*t6en t6e resear76+ "einist Mar%ist is t6e oppression by woen be7ause o! 7apitalist so7iety and subordination !or woen+ In t6is approa768 woen are ob9e7t e%ploitation by en+ 'ased on 'arred in 6er boo( +omen ppression Toda- said @K Mar%ist !einist will in)ol)e an ep6asis on 7apitalis and oppression o! t6e woen+ ;'arred <
'. The Metho" of the Research In 7ondu7tin* t6e resear768 t6ere are soe steps to be !ollowed+ "irst is 7olle7tin* t6e data+ T6e priary data !ro t6is resear76 is t6e narrati)e data !ro Moll "lander’s no)el+ And t6e se7ondary data are ta(en !ro literary t6eory boo(s and arti7le related to t6is study+ T6ese data is 7olle7ted by readin* t6e boo(s8 arti7les8 and browsin* t6e internet+ T6e ne%t step is analyBin* t6e data+ T6e re!erential et6od will be used to identi!y soe "einis and Mar%is’s issues espe7ially !ro t6e woen stru**le in
Oktavionita
patriar76y and 7apitalist so7iety t6at o77urs in t6e no)el and t6e ipa7t o! t6e patriar76y and 7apitalist itsel! into t6e ain 76ara7ter+ It will apply "einist Mar%is+ T6e t6ird step is presentin* t6e result o! t6e resear76+ In presentin* t6e result o! t6e resear768 t6e des7ripti)e et6od will be applied8 w6i76 is t6e :ualitati)e one+ ualitati)e resear76 is a des7ripti)e resear76 w6i76 is t6e data is 7olle7ted in words rat6er t6an in nubers+