I. Introduction A microscope microscope is an instrument instrument use to see objects that are microscopic microscopic or too small for the naked eye to see. This report discusses the parts, importance, features and uses of a compound microscope to various experiments. This report presents the procedure for the experiment, the result and its analysis. II. Objective: The The objec objectiv tive e of the the exper experime iment nt is to become become famil familiar iar with with the compo compoun und d microscope, its uses and its parts. III. aterials !omp !ompou ound nd micr micros osco cope pe,, penc pencil il,, cut cut lett letter er e, "las "lass s slid slide e and and cove covers rsli lip. p. I#. $rocedure and Observations: A. $arts of the microscope %. Eyepiece or ocular is the removable cylinder on top of the microscope. It contains one set of lenses, the ma"nifyin" power of which is indicated on top of the eyepiece. &. Draw tube is the hollow cylinder where the eyepiece is placed. '. Body tube forms the body of the microscope. The ocular and the draw tube rest on the body of the tube. (. Revolving nosepiece is one that is attached to the base of the body tube. ). The revolvin" nosepiece has two or more small cylinders with ma"nifyin" lenses called the objectives. *. Low power objective (LPO) is the shorter of the two objectives. It contains a series of lenses which ma"nify an amount indicated on the side of the objective. Its ma"nification is between %+%)x. -. High power objective (HPO) contains lenses which "ive "reater ma"nification. Its ma"nification is between ())+x. . The microscope is focused by turnin" two knobs. The coarse adjustent !nob consists of lar"e knobs on the side. /. The "ine adjustent adjustent !nob is a pair of small knobs that is used for sharp focus after the object has been brou"ht into view with the coarse adjustment knob. %+. The curved part of the microscope is the ar. 0hen carryin" a microscope, one hand should "rasp the microscope by the arm and another hand supports the base. The base should always be held parallel to the floor. %%. The platform where slides are put for observation is called a stage. It has a circular openin" which is called aperture that permits entry of li"ht. %&. The slide is held in place on the sta"e with a pair of stage clips . %'. 1elow the sta"e, you will find a lever which controls the amount of li"ht passin" throu"h the sta"e. This is called diaphrag.
%(. In the old model of a compound microscope you will see a two#sided irror , one "lat and one concave. The flat mirror is used to collect minimum li"ht re2uired while concave is used if more li"ht is re2uired. In the new model of a compound microscope, a bulb is used as li"ht source. 1ri"htness is adjusted usin" the knob beside it. %). The portion of the microscope in contact with the table is the base. %*. The body of the microscope is attached to the base by means of the inclination joint . This permits the tiltin" of the microscope. #. 3iscussion The laboratory activity started with a discussion of the history, importance, parts and functions of microscope. A microscope is a laboratory apparatus that is invented by Anton #on 4eeuwenhoek and later modified by the 5anssen brothers. It is used to ma"nify thin"s that can6t be seen by naked eye bein" the reason why it is important in the study of life. In today6s world, microscope is widely used in the world of science especially in pharmacolo"y, microsur"ery or in "eneral, medicine. As of now, there are various kinds of microscope, three of which are simple, compound and electron microscope. On the other hand, ma"nification is how many times an object is enlar"ed which is denoted by an 7x8. A microscope can ma"nify thin"s %+)++,+++x dependin" on what microscope is used. Total ma"nification is computed by multiplyin" the ocular ma"nification by the ma"nification of the objective bein" used. In this particular exercise we used a compound microscope which is sometimes called a li"ht microscope for the reason that is uses li"ht from the sun or from a bulb as a source of illumination to see the object or specimen under the observation. It not only provides "reater ma"nification but also "reater resolution. In the experiment proper, each "roup is "iven a cut letter 7e8, a "lass slide and a coverslip and is ordered to follow the instructions in the "iven hand out. In this experiment we used a compound microscope to help us answer the 2uestions bein" asked. The "roup puts the cut letter 7e8 in the middle of the slide, placed a drop of water and covered it with a coverslip. The slide is put on the sta"e 9see illustration & and held it at a certain position usin" a sta"e clip. The bulb of the microscope is turned on allowin" it to illuminate the object. At first "lance at the ocular usin" the scanner, there is a need to adjust the focus usin" both the coarse adjustment knob because all you can see is plain white and not the object itself. After usin" the scanner, we tried to use the 4$O and ;$O. In 4$O, you will see a very detailed letter 7e8 that even traces of water and materials of the paper can be seen 9see illustration I#. On the other hand, while usin" the ;$O, we adjusted the focus usin" the fine adjustment knob but still we can6t see anythin" but li"ht because ;$O tends to super
The total ma"nification for scanner, 4$O and ;$O is (+x, %++x, and (++x respectively. The total ma"nification is computed by multiplyin" the ocular6s ma"nification which is %+x with the objectives respective ma"nification which is (x, %+x and (+x. As we move on with our experiment, we moved the slide to the ri"ht usin" the x axis knob. 0e noticed that as we move the slide to the ri"ht direction, the ima"e from the ocular moved in a directly opposite direction. After, we tried to move the slide to the left and the same thin" happened= it moved oppositely. 4astly, we tried to move the slide forward and backward usin" the yaxis knob and just like what happened in the xaxis, it also moved in an opposite direction. #I. >uestion %. 0hat is the ma"nification of the low power objective? ;i"h power objective? &. 0hen do you use the concave mirror? '. To what direction did the letter e "o under the microscope? 3id the letter e moved to the ri"ht or to the left? (. 0hat is the ma"nification of the letter e under low power? @nder hi"h power? ). 0hy is it that the compound microscope is called a li"ht microscope? *. 0hy is the microscope important in the study of life? #II. Illustration
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I. This is the position of the cut letter 7e8 as we prepare the slide and after we put a drop of water.
II. This is the position of the cut letter 7e8 as we put it in the sta"e of the microscope.
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III. This is the position of the cut letter 7e8 under the microscope even if we put it in a different position. Also, this can be seen usin" the scanner. I#. This is what cut letter 7e8 looks like under the 4$O. ou can see even see the material of the paper and some traces of water. In ;$O,
there is no ima"e that can be seen because of the very hi"h ma"nification feature of the objective.
#III. Beferences icroscope: Crom http:DDen.wikipedia.or"DwikiD Crom !ollier6s Encyclopedia. !opyri"ht %//- Fewfield $ublications, Inc. #ol. *. p. %(+%(' !ompound microscope: Crom http:DDwww.microscopehelp.comDthecompoundmicroscope.html Crom !ollier6s Encyclopedia. !opyri"ht %//- Fewfield $ublications, Inc. #ol. *. p. %(+%(' $arts of a microscope: Crom http:DDwww.microscope.comDcompoundmicroscopepartst-.html
Introduction to Goolo"y
Exercise no. %: The !ompound icroscope
5onathan O. !hua 3# %%
5une &&, &+%% 3r. Foemi 3iloy
