1 Calorimetria Word

CALORIMETRIA INDICE 1) TEMPERA TEMPERATURA Y CALOR CALOR 2) EQUIVALENCIA EQUIVALENCIA ENTRE KILOCAL KILOCALORIAS ORIAS Y JOULES 3) CALOR CALOR ESPECIF ESPECIFICO ICO 4) ECUAC ECUACION ION Q= c . m ( T !T" ) #) CALOR DE FUSION FUSION Y CALOR DE VAPORI$A VAPORI$ACION CION %) DIA&RAMAS DIA&RAMAS TEMPERA TEMPERATURA ' CALOR ENTRE&ADO ) CALORIMETRO CALORIMETRO ' RECIPIENTES RECIPIENTES ADIAATICOS ADIAATICOS *) TEMPERA TEMPERATURA DE EQUILIRIO EQUILIRIO +) PROLEMA PROLEMAS S DE TANTEO TANTEO 1,) 1,) CAL CALORIA ORIAS S DE LOS LOS ALIM ALIMEN ENTO TOS S

CALORIMETRIA

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CALORIMETRIA C-/0"m0- "56"7c- m8"c"96 8 c-/0. P-0P-0- :/80 6680 c/m/  m"8  c-/0 6; < ->0  ->0 :0"m0/ -56- /0- c/-. V-m/. TEMPERATURA S:/65-m/ < 6/ "6 6 -80"/ ? / :/6 - -  5/. A@/0-  -80"/ "6 m-?/0 m:0-0-. M 8/? c6- 8 / :/0< / /c/ ? / < B c-! 6"/. D8  :6/ 8 "- 8 - "c- c-6-0 6- c/- "56"7c- @-c0 <  m/;c-  m-6 mB 0B:"8/. ( S m-6 = ">06 ). E- m8"8- 8 - -5"-c"96 8 - m/;c-  -m- TEMPERATURA TEMPERATURA.. C-68/ / /cB -5/ ?  <m- / < B "6"68/   5/:/ 8 - m/;c- < c@/c-6 c/60-  m-6/.

E6/6c "6 @"-0 76"/ 8"5-m/ < - m:0-0- 8 6- c/-  6- m8"! 8- 8 - /c"8-8 c/6 - <  m6 - m/;c- 8 - c/-. E 8c"0 " 6/ :8"0- m"0-0  -6/ c/6 6 m"c0/c/:"/ 0- < - m/;c- 8 />! /  m6 :-0- /8/ -8/. CB6/ mB 0B:"8/  m6 - m/;c- mB --  m:0-0- 8 c0:/.

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L- m:0-0-  m"8 c/6 / 0m9m0/. E6 / :0/>m-  -6 - 8-0 6 50-8/ c650-8/ ( C ). P8 0 < - 65- < :/60 6 50-8/ K! "6. E6  c-/ @-? < m-0 23. ( E  2 C /6 3,, K ). L/ 6/0-m0"c-6/ -6 / 50-8/ F-@06@". F-@06@". C-68/ -5"6 - 5"6 "6 7>0 6//0/ 8c"m/ T"6 7>0 "6 3*. E/ 8"c6  T"6 7>0 "6 1,,. ( 3* C /6 1,, F-@06@" F-@06@" ). N/ @-c -- < :-

CALORIMETRIA

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CALORIMETRIA C-/0"m0- "56"7c- m8"c"96 8 c-/0. P-0P-0- :/80 6680 c/m/  m"8  c-/0 6; < ->0  ->0 :0"m0/ -56- /0- c/-. V-m/. TEMPERATURA S:/65-m/ < 6/ "6 6 -80"/ ? / :/6 - -  5/. A@/0-  -80"/ "6 m-?/0 m:0-0-. M 8/? c6- 8 / :/0< / /c/ ? / < B c-! 6"/. D8  :6/ 8 "- 8 - "c- c-6-0 6- c/- "56"7c- @-c0 <  m/;c-  m-6 mB 0B:"8/. ( S m-6 = ">06 ). E- m8"8- 8 - -5"-c"96 8 - m/;c-  -m- TEMPERATURA TEMPERATURA.. C-68/ / /cB -5/ ?  <m- / < B "6"68/   5/:/ 8 - m/;c- < c@/c-6 c/60-  m-6/.

E6/6c "6 @"-0 76"/ 8"5-m/ < - m:0-0- 8 6- c/-  6- m8"! 8- 8 - /c"8-8 c/6 - <  m6 - m/;c- 8 - c/-. E 8c"0 " 6/ :8"0- m"0-0  -6/ c/6 6 m"c0/c/:"/ 0- < - m/;c- 8 />! /  m6 :-0- /8/ -8/. CB6/ mB 0B:"8/  m6 - m/;c- mB --  m:0-0- 8 c0:/.

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L- m:0-0-  m"8 c/6 / 0m9m0/. E6 / :0/>m-  -6 - 8-0 6 50-8/ c650-8/ ( C ). P8 0 < - 65- < :/60 6 50-8/ K! "6. E6  c-/ @-? < m-0 23. ( E  2 C /6 3,, K ). L/ 6/0-m0"c-6/ -6 / 50-8/ F-@06@". F-@06@". C-68/ -5"6 - 5"6 "6 7>0 6//0/ 8c"m/ T"6 7>0 "6 3*. E/ 8"c6  T"6 7>0 "6 1,,. ( 3* C /6 1,, F-@06@" F-@06@" ). N/ @-c -- < :-

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CALORIMETRIA

:--0 8 c650-8/ - F-@06@". F-@06@". ( G-? < @-c0 6- c6- m8"0-0- ).

CALOR D- 6 m-0"-H/ c/6 /8-  0H- - 6- m/68-. F"- < <8c-6"-.  P/0 <; :-- /  R-  P/0< - 605- c"6;"c- < 6-  m-0"/  0-6/0m9 6 c-/0. E c-/0  6- /0m- 8 605-. E-  - "8-.

E6680 -c-m6 / <   c-/0  6 :/c/ c/m:"c-8/. A 50-68 0-! 5/  c-/0 680- - 0 -5/ - c/m/ - m- 8 605- c"6;"c- /- < "66 /8- - m/;c- 8 6 c0:/. C-8m/;c-  m - c"0- /! c"8-8 V. L- 605- c"6;"c- < "6 2 - m/;c- -  m  . S" / mB - c-6"8-8 8 605- < "66 /8- - m/;c- 8 - c/- 6; - c-6"8-8 8 c-/0 < "6 - c/-. P056-   CB6/ mB m:0-0- "6 6 />/ mB c-6"8-8 8 c-/0 "6  R-  6/ - 50-68 0-5/ . E c-/0 8:68 8 - m:0-0-. A m-?/0 T m-?/0 Q. P0/ - c-6"8-8 8 c-/0 -m>";6 8:68 8 - m-8 />/. L- c-6"8-8 8 c-/0 8:68 8 cB6- m/;c- 65- 6/ m/";68/ .

S" 65/ 1,, m/;c- 8 5- - 1,, C 65/ c"0- c-6"8-8 8 c-/0. P0/ " 65/ 6 m"96 8 m/;c- - 1,, C 65/ mB c-6"8-8 8 c-/0.  Y /0- c/-. L- c-6"8-8 8 c-/0 < "6 6 c0:/ -m>";6 8:68 8 m-! 0"- c/6 < ; @c@/  c0:/. N/ "6 - m"m- c-6"8-8 8 c-/0 6 "/ 8 -5- - 1,, C < 1 "/ 8 @"00/ - 1,, C. O - -

c-6"8-8 8 c-/0 -m! >";6 8:68 8 6- c/- <  -m- c-/0 :c7c/  c . E "56"7c-8/ 8  -/0 c  / :"c/ 6 5"8-.

EQUIVALENCIA ENTRE KILOCALORIAS Y JOULES P/6; 6- /- 6  5/. E -5-  c-"6-. D8  :6/ 8 "8 - "! c- / < B @-c"68/  605-0 605-. MB > m:0-0- mB 605-  605B. AcB 6 c-/0"m0- / 8766 - 605- c-90"c- -  1 Kilocaloría (1 Kcal) E - 605- < @-? < 605-0 - 1 K5 8 -5- :-0- < -m6  m:0-0- 6 1 C. D - m"m- m-60- 8766 - c-/0- ( c- ) c/m/ 6- 6"8-8 1,,, c m! 6/0. E 8c"0 1 c- 0- - 605- < @-? < 605-0 - 1 50-m/ 8 -5- :-0- < -m6  m:0-0- 6 1 C. L<"-6c"-   1 Kcal = 1000 cal

 A6c"96 0/ m;8"c/ ? 60"c"/6"-  E6 - "8- 8"-0"- /  m! c@- c - 0;. C-68/ 6 6 :-< 8 5-"- 8"c  -/0 605;"! c/ 4,, c-/0- c-8- 1,, 5 8 :0/8c/  560-m6 - 4,, c-/0- /6 4,, KILOc-/0-. E60 6//0/ / "56"7c- < 1,, 5 8 5-"- "66 6- 605- < :/80-6 -0 - m:0-0- 8 4,, "0/ 8 -5- 6 1 C / 8 4 "0/ 8 -5- 8 , - 1,, C.  M 5"  C-68/ "m/ 605- mcB6"c- 6/ @->B>-m/ 8 c-/0- "6/ 8  J/. C-/! 0- ? / 0:06-6 605- :0/ m8"8- 6 8"06 6"8-8. L- <"-6c"-  - 1 Kcal = 4186 Joules

CALOR RECIBIDO Y CALOR ENTREGADO S:/6; < 6; 6 :8-H/ 8 700/ - 2, C. L/ c-6B ? -@/0- B *, C. P056-   C9m/ ->; < c-6"8-8 8 c-/0  605-  R

E6 - 90m- Q   c-/0 < 0c">"9 / < 6059  c0:/. P8 "0 6 c- / 6 Kc-. S" Q  8- (  )  c0:/ 0c">"9 c-/0 (  c-69 ). S" Q  8- ( ! )  c0:/ 6059 c-/0. ( S 60"9 ). A6c"96 c/6 - c/66c"96 8 "5! 6/ :/0<  "m:/0-6. m  - m-- 8 c0:/. V- 6 5 / 6 50.  T ? T" /6 - m:0-0- 76-  "6"c"- < "6  c0:/. V-6 6 C. V-m/ -@/0- - -5/ "m:/0-6...  <;  c  c  / <  -m- CALOR EPECI!ICO DEL CUERPO"S 6"8-8 /6   c  = c-/0- 50 C

/

Kc- .. K5C

E c-/0 :c7c/  6- c-6"8-8 < m 8"c c-6- "/c-/0- @-? < 605-0 - 1 K5 8 6- >-6c"- :-0- /50-0 <  m:0-0-m6 6 1 C. C-8- >-6c"- "6  :0/:"/ c-/0 :c7c/. L/ ":/ / m"8"0/6 ? / :"0/6 6 6- ->- < -68-6 8-68/ :/0 -@. P/0 m:/  c-! /0 :c7c/ 8 -5- - 1. E 8 @"00/ - ,1. E/ <"0 8c"0 <  1, c mB 8"c" c-6-0 -5- < @"00/. ( G-? < 605-0 1, c mB 605- ). A -5- 6/  50 c-6-8-. S /:/6. ( EB :0c/ :/0< 6/6 c-6-0m -05m ""0m ). Ac-0-c"96 C-68/ 8"5/ c-6-8/ <"0/ 8c"0 c-6-8/ / 60"-8/. S" / 8B 6- /- c/6 -5- @"0"68/ - -08-0 mB 6 60"-0 < 6 :8-H/ 8 @"00/.

E60 :-0;6" /  / < :-- c/6  -5- 8 m-0. S c-"680-6  8- ? - - 6/c@ "5 c-6"-. F"- < / 6/ :-- 6" c/6 - :"80- 6" c/6 - -06- 8 - :-?-. EB6 :-68/ 80-6 

8- :0/ -:6-  -  /  60-6 65"8-. E/ :-- :/0 <  c 8 - :"80- ? 8 - -06-  c@"c/. Rm"68/ E c-/0 :c7c/ 8 6 c0:/ 680- - 0 6- :c" 8  "60c"- ;0m"c- . E 6- m-56"8 < m 8- 6- "8- 8 0"6c"- < /:/6 6 c0:/ - 0 c-6-8/ / 60"-8/. ( R"6c"- - c-m>"-0  m:! 0-0- 8"5-m/ ).

P/0 "m/...  c"8-8/ - -0 - c-c"96 Q = c.m (T !T" )  S9/  :8 -0 #i la #$%#&a'cia NO cam%ia  #&ao . E 8c"0 m"60- - 9"8- <"8- / 5-/- :0/ NO m"60- c-m>"- 8 9"8/ - <"8/ 8 <"8/ - -:/0 c. F"-  m:/

EJEMPLO CALCULAR QUE CANTIDAD DE CALOR GAY QUE ENTRE&ARLE A UNA MASA DE 3 K5 DE A&UA PARA CALENTARLA DE 2, C A 1,, C. IDEM PARA 3 K5 DE GIERRO. C FE = ,1 c-  K5 C . C G2O = 1 c-  K5 C . G-5/  :-6/ 8 c-/0 605-8/ - c-8- c0:/. P-0-  -5- Q = c.m (T  !T" )

QG2O = 1 Kc- K5 C Q

3 K5 . ( 1,, C '2, C )

= 24, c- *+O

P-0-  @"00/ Q = c.m (T !T" ) Q = ,1 Kc- ) K5 C

3 K5 . ( 1,, C ' 2, C

Q = 24 c- ! F"- -5/ L- c-6"8-8 8 c-/0 < @-? < 605-0 - -5-  1, c m-?/0 < - < @-? < 605-0 - @"00/. E/ :-- :/0<  c 8 -5-  1, c m-?/0 <  c 8 .

CALOR DE FUSION Y CALOR DE VAPORI$ACION V/ 6; @"/. P-0- 800"0/ 6; < 605-0 c-/0. L- c-6"8-8 8 c-! /0 < @-? < 8-0 - 6- >-6c"- :-0- 800"0- ( 68"0- )  -m- calor la&'&  ,$#i-'. S /  :/60 c/6 - 0- L. P-0 @"/  c-/0 8 ! "96 L F  *, Kc- K5 (= *, c-  5 ). L/ m"m/ " <0; -:/0-0 -5-. E c-/0 8 -:/0"H-c"96 :-0-  -5-  L = #4, c-  5 ( / c-  5 ). E -/0 L = *, Kc-  K5 "56"7c- < :-0- 800"0 1 5 8 @"/ @-? < 605-0 *, "/c-/0-. O / <  / m"m/ :-0- c/65-0 1 5 8 -5- @-? < <"-0 *, c-.

L = #4, c-  5 "56"7c- < :-0- -:/0-0 1 5 8 -5- @-? < 605-0 #4, c-. ( Y :-0- c/686-0 1 5 8 -:/0 @-? < <"-0 #4, c- ). C/6c"96 L- 90m- <  - :-0- c-c-0 - c-6"8-8 8 c-/0 < @-? < 605-0

- 6- c"0- m-- :-0- <  800"-  c/65  -:/0 /  c/686 

A6/ c/6 / E- 90m-  - 9/ c-68/ l c$r.o cam%ia  #&ao" E 8c"0 " :-- 8 9"8/ - <"8/ 8 <"8/ - -:/0 c.  T-m>";6 -c/08- < m"60- 6- >-6c"- c-m>"- 8 -8/ m:0-0-  m-6"6 c/6-6. N/ -m6- 6" 8"m"6?.

EJEMPLO CALCULAR LA CANTIDAD DE CALOR QUE GAY QUE ENTRE&ARLE A UN CUITO DE GIELO DE #, 50 QUE EST A ! 3, C PARA DERRETIRLO Y OTENER A&UA A , C. C GIELO = ,# c-  K5 C . LGIELO = *, c- K5 . V-m/. T65/ 6 c>"/ 8 @"/ - !3, C ? <"0/ 800"0/. P0"m0/ 65/ < -0  @"/ 8 '3, C - , C. L- c-6"8-8 8 c-/0 605-0 

Q = c.m ( T !T" ) = ,# c- #, 50   , C ' ( ' 3,C )  50 C Q = 2# c-  3, C C Q = #, c- P-0- 800"0  @"/  6c"-0B  Q = m  LF = *, c-50  #, 50 Q = 4.,,, c-

E6/6c - c-6"8-8 8 c-/0 /- < 6c"/  #, c-  4,,, c- . Qtot = 4.750 cal

DIA&RAMAS TEMPERATURA ' CALOR ENTE&ADO C-68/ 6- c/-  c-"6- /  60- 6/ :8 8">-0  c-6-m"6/ /  60"-m"6/ 6 6 8"-50-m- m:0-0- ' c-/0 605-8/.T / :"c/ c/6 6 m:/. F"- SE TIENEN # K5 DE GIELO !2, C.  QUE CANTIDAD DE CALOR GAY QUE ENTRE&ARLE AL GIELO PARA LLEVARLO A VAPOR A 1,, C . IDEM PA! RA LLEVAR DE NUEVO EL VAPOR A 1,, C A GIELO A ' 2, C. DIUJAR LAS 2 EVOLUCIONES EN UN DIA&RAMA TEMPERATURA ' CALOR EN! TRE&ADO. DATOS CGIELO = ,# c-  K5 C . L GIELO = *, c- K5 . CG2O = 1 c-  K5 C . LG2, = #4, c- K5 E6/6c / < 65/ /6 # K5 8 @"/ < B6 - ' 2, C. Q"0/ 800"0  @"/ ? -0/ - -:/0 - 1,, C. V/? c-c-68/ c-6"8-8 8 c-/0 < 6c"/ :-0- c-8- 6- 8 - /:0-c"/6. F"- 1' LLEVAR EL GIELO DE ' 2, C A , C 

2' DERRETIR EL GIELO

3' LLEVAR EL A&UA DE , C A 1,, C

4' EVAPORAR EL A&UA

A@/0- m/ /8- - c-6"8-8 8 c-/0 :-0- />60  Q/- 605-8/ Q TOTAL = Q(CALENTAR EL GIELO)  Q(DERRETIR EL GIELO )  Q(CALENTAR EL A&UA)  Q(EVAPORAR EL A&UA) Q TOTAL = #, Kc-  4,, Kc-  #,, Kc-  2,, Kc-

QTOTAL = 3650 Kcal

CANTIDAD TOTAL DE CA! LOR QUE GAY QUE ENTRE! &AR EN  TODO EL PROCESO

P-0- @-c0  8"-50-m- 8 m:0-0- ' c-/0 605-8/ /? 0:06-68/ c-8- 6- 8 - /c"/6. E 8"-50-m-  :8 @-c0 c/6 -/0 / 6 /0m- c-"-"-.

DIA&RAMA  TEMPE! RATURA! CALOR EN!  TRE&ADO EN FORMA CUALITATIVA #, Kc-4#, Kc-

+#, Kc-

3%#, Kc-Q

( Kc- )

F"- < :-0- @-c0  8"-50-m- " m-68/ - c-6"8-8 8 c-/0 < " 605-68/. N/B < c-8- H < @-? c-m>"/ 8 -8/ m:0-0-  m-6"6 c/6-6. E6/6c 6  8"-50-m- m:0-0- c/6-6 -! 0B 0:06-8- :/0 6- 6- @/0"H/6-. ( M-) D - m"m- m-60- :-0- -0  -:/0 < B - 1,, C - @"/ !2, C 6! 5/ < <"-0 3%#, Kc-. P8/ @-c0 6 /0m- c-"-" 8"-50-m- 8 6! 0"-m"6/ 8 -:/0 - 1,, 50-8/ @-- -0/ @"/ - ' 2, 50-8/. E/ m 8-0- 6- c/- -

DIA&RAMA DE ENFRIA! MIENTO DE VAPOR A 1,, C GASTA GIELO A ' 2, C 

2,, Kc-

3%#, Kc-Q

( Kc- )

UNA CONCLUSION IMPORTANTE F"- < 8 /8- - c-6"8-8 8 c-! /0 605-8- - mB 50-68  - <  - :-0- -:/0-0  -5-. ( = 2,, Kc- ). E-:/0-0 -5-  "m:0 m? c///. E L/ 8 -5-  m? 50-68 ( = #4, Kc-  5 ). G-? < 605-0 mc@605- :-0- -:/0-0 -5-. P/6; 6- :-- - 5/ ? 7- c-6/ -08- 6 5-0 - 1,, C. A@/08-- @0"0 ? 7- c-6/ -08- 6 -:/0-0 /8-  -5-. V- - 0 <  -5- -08- mc@"m/ mB 6 -:/0-0 < 6 @0"0. E-  - 0-H96 :/0 - <  c0:/ @m-6/ - - 0-6:"0-c"96 :-0- 60"-0.  T0-6:"0-0  -:/0-0 -5-. Y  :0/c/ 8 0-6:"0-c"96  mc@/ c-/0 8 - :". ( = / / <  c0:/ 6c"- )

CALORIMETRO ' RECIPIENTES ADIAATICOS V-m/ - - "8- 8 PARED ADIABATICA. U6- :-08  -8"->B"c- "  ai#0 la'& l calor. E c-/0 6/ :8 -0--0 6- :-08 -8"->B"c-. S" / c/6"! 5"0- 6 0c":"6 /- ? ->/-m6 -8"->B"c/

c-<"0 c/- c-"6 < :"0- -860/ 6/  60"-0- 66c-. ( 66c- ). D"5/ " / c/6"5"0- :/0< /  90"c/. L/ 0c":"6 -8"->B"c/ 6/ "6 6 - 0-"8-8. L/ mB :-0c"8/ - 6 0c":"6 -8"->B"c/  6 0m/. P0/ " :/6; -5- c-"6 6 6 0m/ - 0-/  60-.

E6 6 0c":"6 -8"->B"c/ 6/ :8 -"0 c-/0 8 -860/ 6" -m:/c/ :8 60-0  c-/0 8 -0-. Q"0 8c"0 < -5/ 0/ :/ 6 6 0c":"6 :0c-m6 -8"->B"c/ 5"0- 0/ :/0 / "5/ 8 / "5/. Y / m"m/ :-0- -5/ c-"6. ( R:"/ /  90"c/ ).

E6 - 0-"8-8  - / <  -m- c-/0m0/ . U6 c-/0m0/  6- :! c" 8 /- c/6 -:-. C/60- >"6  0/ ?  c-/0. N/  /-m6 -8"->B"! c/ :0/ "0 :-0- @-c0 :0"m6/. U6 c-/0m0/  6- c/- -

U6 :/ 8 05/:/ 8 / <  -6 :-0-  @-8/ "0 :0c-m6 c/m/ c-/0m0/.

 TEMPERATURA FINAL DE EQUILIRIO PARA 2 CUERPOS QUE SE PONEN EN UN CALORIMETRO  T65/ 6- /- c/6 -5- - 2, C. T"0/ - - /- 1 "/ 8 @"00/ - *, C. P056/  CB 0B - m:0-0- 76- 8 -5- c/6  @"00/  R&a P-0- :"c-0 c/m/  c-c- / -m/ 8"0c-m6 - 6 m:/ 8 c9m/  c-c- - m:0-0- 76- 8 <"">0"/ :-0- 2 c0:/ <  :/66 6 6 c-/0m0/ P/65-m/ 1 5 8 -5- - 2, C 6 6 c-/0m0/. A@/0- -505m/ 1 5 8 @"00/ - *, C.

E   - - 60"-0 ( V- - c80 c-/0). E -5-  - - c-6-0 ( V- 0c">"0 c-/0). D:; 8 6 "m:/  @"00/ ?  -5- -6 - -0 - m"m- m:! 0-0-. E- m:0-0- T 680B < -0 60 2, ? *, C. L/ < <"0/  c-c-0 - m:0-0- 76-. ( "m:/0-6 ). D"5/ E 0c":"6  -8"->B"c/ ? 6/ :8 -"0 c-/0. Q"0 8c"0 <  c-/0 < :"08  @"00/ "6 < 0 5-6-8/ :/0  -5-. E6/6c :8/ :/60  Q&-6-8/ :/0  G2O = ! QC8"8/ :/0  F F"- <  : 6 "56/ m6/ - c-/0 c8"8/ :/0  @"00/. E/  :/0< :-0-   - T76-  m6/0 < - T "6"c"-. E6/6c  -/0 QF = c.m (T !T" ) m - - 8-0 65-"/. P--68/ - m"m/ m"m>0/  Q&-6-8/ :/0  G2O  QC8"8/ :/0  F = , C/6c"96 C-68/ :/66 6 6 0c":"6 -8"->B"c/ 2 >-6c"- < "6"! c"-m6 B6 - 8""6- m:0-0- ? m :"86 c-c-0 m:0-0- 7! 6- 65/ < :-6-0 "m:0  QGanado + QCeddo = 0

ECUACION PARA CALCULAR LA  TEMPERATURA FINAL

E6/6c 6  c-/  :-6/ <8- - 1 c- 1 5 . ( T ' 2, C )  =, 5 C 1 c-  T ' C

 

2,

Q

,1 c- . 1 5 . ( T ' *, C ) 5 C

, c-  ' C

11 c-  T ' 2* c- = , C  T = 2#4# C

c- C

C

NOTA E6 / :0/>m- "m:0  -6 - 8-0 9/ 2 c0:/ 6 6 c-/0m0/. P0/ - c-c"96 Q&-6-8/  QC8"8/ = ,  :8 -0 -m>";6 :-0- 3 c0:/ / mB. ( N/ 6 /m-0 :0/>m- c/6 3 c0:/ :/0< /6 m? -05- - c6- )

PROLEMAS DE TANTEO ( PROLEMAS EN DONDE LA TEMPERATURA FINAL ES , C / 1,, C ) G-? 6 ":/ 8 :0/>m- m8"/ 0-0/ 6 8/68 6/  Bc" c-c-0 m:0-! 0- 76- 8 <"">0"/. &60-m6 /6 :0/>m- 8/68  mHc- @"/ c/6 -5/ m? c-"6 ? 6/ 6/ -> " - m:0-0- 76- - - 8-0 , 50-8/ :/0 ->-/ 8 , 50-8/ / :/0 -00">- 8 c0/ 50-8/. P-0- :/80 0/0  ":/ 8 :0/>m- @-? < @-c0 6- :c" 8 -6/. F"-. SE PONE 1 K5 DE GIELO A ! 2, C EN UN CALORWMETRO. SE A&RE&AN 2 K5 DE GIERRO A 2,, C. CALCULAR LA  TEMPERATURA FINAL DE EQUILIRIO. CGIELO = ,# c-  K5 C . L GIELO = *, c-K5 . CG2O = 1 c-  K5 C. CF = ,1 c-  K5 C G-5-m/ 6 8">"/. T65/  @"/ ?  @"00/ 6  c-/0m0/. E @"00/  - - 60"-0 ?  @"/  - - c-6-0. P0/ -cB  6 :/c/ 8 / c-c-0 - m:0-0- 8 <"">0"/.  P/0 <;  R- P/0< ?/ 6/ ; " - TF - - 8-0 , 50-8/ :/0 ->-/ 8 , 50-8/ / :/0 -00">- 8 c0/ 50-8/. E "m:/0-6 ->0 -:0/"m-8-m6 :/0 8/68 - - 8-0 - m:0-0- 76- :/0< " @-? c-m>"/ 8 -8/ 6/  :8 :-6-0 - c-c"96 Q = c.m (T !T")

F"- < @-? -0"- :/">""8-8. E F B m? c-"6 ( 2,, C ). Q"0 8c"0 < - H /8/  @"/ :/80- 5-0 - 800"0 ? >"0  m:0-! 0- :/0 -00">- 8 ,C. O :/80- 5-0 - / 1,, C . I6c/ (- H ) :/80- -:/0-0 :-0 8 -5-. P0/ -m>";6 :/80- :--0 <  @"/ 60 - @"00/. D m-60-  F :/80- >--0  m:0-0- @-- -56 -/0 60 , ? 1,, C. P/0 "m/ :/80- :--0 < - m:0-0- 8 <"">0"/ 0- / , C.  Y -m>";6 ( 6 :/c/ -00"5-8/ ) 6/ :/80- 5-0 - :/60 <  @"/ 60- -6/ - F <  F 0m"6- :/0 8>-/ 8 / , C

E6/6c   @"/ 60"-0B - F /  F c-6-0B - @"/  Q";6 - 5-6-0  R- E/ - - 8:680 8 / c-/0 :c7c/ 8 @"/ 8 -5- ? 8 F.

 Y -m>";6 - - 8:680 8 c-/0 8 "96 8 @"/. (LF). N/ @-? m-60- 8 ->0 - //  0-8/. G-? < @-c0 - c6- ? 0 <; 8-. V-m/ cB 8 /8- - "-c"/6 :/">  - < /c00 -cB. D"5/ S:/65-m/ < /8/  "m- 0m"6- c/6 6- m:0-0- 8 #, C. C-c/ - c-6"8-8 8 c-/0 < 0-6 6c-0"- :-0- < / /c00-. E @"/ 5-6-0- 6- c-6"8-8 8 c-/0 < -

V-m/ -@/0- - @"00/. Q"0/ -0/ 8 2,, C - #, C. L- c6- m 8-

A6-"cm/ 6 :/c/  0-8/ < />"m/ L- c6- m 8"c6 < 6c! "/ 14, K"/c-/0- :-0- 800"0  @"/ ? -0/ - #, C. P/0 /0/ -8/ 6! c"/ /-m6 3, Kc- :-0- -0  @"/ 8 2,, C - #, C. E/ m B 8"c"68/ < - c-6"8-8 8 c-/0 < "6  @"00/ 6/ -c-6H- - 800"0  @"/ ? -0/ - #, C. &-6-  @"/. Q"0 8c"0 < - m:0-0- 8 <"! ">0"/ - - -0 :/0 8>-/ 8 / #, C. E/ :-- :/0<  c 8 @"00/  m? c@"c/. ( = ,1 Kc-  K5 C ). P0/>m/ -@/0- " - c-6"8-8 8 c-/0 < "6  @"00/ -c-6H- 800"0 /8/  @"/

O0- H -6-"cm/  0-8/ L- c6- m 8"c6 < 6c"/ +, K"/c-! /0- :-0- 800"0  @"/. P0/ c/6 4, Kc- m -c-6H- :-060"-0  @"00/ 8 2,, C - , C. E/ m B 8"c"68/ < - c-6"8-8 8 c-/0 < "6  @"00/ 6/ -c-6H- - 800"0 /8/  @"/. O0- H 5-6-  @"/. E F :/80B 800"0 9/ 6- :-0 8 @"/. Q"0 8c"0 < - m:0-0- 8 <"">0"/ - - 0 / , C. E -8/ 76- 0B :-0 -5- - , C :-0 @"/ - , C ? /8/  @"00/ -m>";6 - , C. C-cm/ cB6- m-- 8 @"/  800". ( Im:/0-6 ). F"- P-0-0  F 8 2,, C - , C 6c"/ 4, Kc-. E- 4, Kc-  "6"06 6 -0 - m:0-0- 8 @"/ 8 ' 2, C - , C ? 800"0 6- :-0. P0/ :-0- -0  @"/ 8 ! 2, C - , C 6c"/ 1, Kc-. Q"0 8c"0 < m <8-6 3, c- 8":/6"> :-0- 800"0  @"/. P-6/ 3, Kc- = LGIELO K mDERRETIDA X

3, Kc-. = *, Kc-.UK5  mDERRETIDA X

mDERRETIDA = ,C3# K5 ( = A5- )

E6/6c - 0:- -  :0/>m-  L- m:0-0- 8 <"">0"/  CERO 50-8/ c650-8/ c/6 ,%2# K5 8 @"/ ? ,3# 5 8 -5- .

Aclaraci-' E6  :0/>m- - m:0-0- 76- 8 <"">0"/ 8"9 , C. E/ :-9 :/0< : @"/ 6  c-/0m0/. P0/ 6/ "m:0 m:0-0- 76- - - 8-0 , C. T-m>";6 :8 8-0 1,, C " @-? -:/0 8 -5-. L- TF :8 ! 5-0 - 8-0 -56 -/0 0-/ " - >-6c"- <  :/66 6  c-/0m0/ /6 m8"/ 0-0-. ( P/0 m:/ "  "0- 6 :8-H/ 8 @"00/ 6 6 c-/0m0/ < "6 :/m/ 68"8/ ).

CALORIAS DE LOS ALIMENTOS L/ -"m6/ "66 c-/0-. C-68/ 6/ c/m c/-  c0:/  - "656"- :-0- -5-00-0 - c-/0- ? 5-08B0-. Y c/m/  c-/0  605- - c-! /0- /6 -8- :-0- / <  c0:/ <"0-. P/0

m:/ m/0 c-6-0 ? 8mB. T/8- - c/- 0"c- "66 mc@- c-/0-. E c0:/ -> / ? 8- <  8 c/- < 65-6 mc@- c-/0-. P/0 / - - 56  6c-6! - c/m0 c@/c/- 5-"- --/0 @-8/ @-m>05- :-6c@/ 0-! "/ c/6 -- ? 8mB. E c0:/ 6/  /6/. P/8; 0--0 8 65--0/ 8B6! 8/ 8 c/m0 c@5"- ? 080"-. P0/ - 0-/  8c6-.

AcB  :/65/ 6- ->- c/6 c-/0- 8 -56/ -"m6/. E:c"- :-0- / 60"c"/6"- CALORIA DE LA *AMBURGUEA DE MC DONALD  0 F6 Mc D/6-8Z PEO 1 1 2 1 + + 2 + 2 + 3 1 1 + 2

KILOCALO 2 2 # 3 3 + # 1 3 6 1 2 1 1 1

KILOCALO RIA 2 + 2 + 3 1 , 4 , 4 4 1 1 4 ,

GAMUR&UESA *AMBURGUEA CON I& MAC MC POLLO PAPAS MEDIANAS ENALADA C*E!! TE / CAF[ SIN NADA TE o CA!5 CON TE / CAF[ CON A$UCAR CA!5 CON LEC*E Y MEDIALUNA UNDAE DE CONO DE VAINILLA COCA COLA o !ANTA U&O DE NARAN A

P/0 m:/ "  c/m; 6 "5 M-c c/6 6- :-:- ? 6- C/c-  B 8-68/ - c0:/ 6- 1.1,, K"/c-/0-. ( Sm- 6 :/c/ 8 - m-?/6- ? Kc@: ). cB 6 -56 ">0/ c-6- c-/0- :/0 8- 6c"- :-0- ""0 6:0/6- < :- / < :B /.

Ac-0-c"/6 ! L- 90m- Q 5-6-8/  Q c8"8/ = , "0 c-68/ :/6; 2 c0:/ 6

6 c-/! 0m0/. S"  :"0-6 3 c0:/ - c-c"96 <8-0- Q 1  Q 2  Q 3 = ,. ( I8m "  :"0-6 4 c0:/ ) ! S"  c-/0 :c7c/ 8 6 c0:/  :/0 m:/ ,# c- 5 C ? / /

<0; :--0 - c-  5 C  8"0c-m6  <8- ,# c-  5 C. E/  :/0< 1 5 /6 / 1.,,, 5 ? 1 c- /6 / 1.,,, c-. A <  -6/  c/m:6- ? <8- "5-.

AL&UNOS EJERCICIOS DE PARCIALES 1 !  Q; c-6"8-8 8 -5- - 2, \C 8>0- c//c-0 6 6 0c":"6 -8"->B"c/ :-0- < - c@-0 6 - 2 50 8 @"/ - , \C  />65- 6  <"">0"/ -5- <"8- - , \C  -) 4 50

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OLUCI7N  S; < Q@"/ = Q-5- ( E c-/0 < ">0- 6/ / ->/0>  /0/). E6/6c m-5- C:-5- . ]T= m@"/ C:@"/ ]T  L . m@"/.  T/8/ / -/0 /6 8-/ :8/ 8:-0 m-5- . G-5/ mc@- c6- R:- c/00c- ) - m-- 8 -5- 8> 0 8 * 50 2 ! L/ c-/0 :c7c/ 8 -5- <"8- 8 @"/ ? 8 -m"6"/ 9"8/ /6 0:c"-m6 8 1,, ^ ,# ? ,22 Kc-  (K5 K) ?  c-/0 8 "96 8 @"/  8 *, Kc-K5. S c//c-6 6 6 0c":"6 -8"->B"c/ - - :0"96 6/0m- 6 "/ 8 -m"6"/ - 2,,\C ? 6 "/ 8 @"/ - 8"H 50-8/ >-/ c0/. D0m"6 -)L- m:0-0- 76- 8 <"">0"/. >)L- m-- 8 @"/ 68"8/ "  < 59 - 68"0 -5/ 8 @"/ OLUCI7N  C-cm/ :0"m0/ cB6/ c-/0 :8 605-0  -m"6"/ " 5-0- - , \C Q = C-m m-m ]T = ! 44.,,, c-. C/6  c-/0...  -c-6H/ - 68"0 /8/  @"/  P0"m0/ 6c"-m/ -0  @"/ - , \C :-0- /  c/6m6 #.,,, c- ? c/6 / < m <8- 8 c-/0 m -c-6H- :-068"0 4*# 5 8 @"/... ?  <8- /8/ - , \C :/0<  m 0m"69  c-/0 < 6-... T/6c 

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