Introduction Uwn I Animate and Inanimate Nouns The Gender of Nouns
100 102
104 10'
5
The Plural of Nouns . . • . • . . . . The Nouns Denoting Trade, Profession, Nationality .......•. The First Name and Patronymic in Ukrai· nian Vocative Form
Lesson 2 . . . . The Verb. Past Tense . . Adverbs of Time and Manner
Lesson 3
....... .
105
106 107 101
108 110 112
..
113 liS
Lesson 4 • • • • • . . • . .
liG
,The Verb. Future Tense
The Adjective. Gender and Number • .• The Ordinal Numerals. Gender and Number Expression of Time . • • . • . • • . .
usson
118 119 119 121
5 . . . . . . • . . . . . . . .. The Verb. Perfective and Imperfective As· pect . • • . •. . •. . • . . • . • . 122 Lesson 6 . . . . . , .• . , •• , • , . 128 :!he Noun. The Accusative Case Denoting uired Object " " " , . . , . , 129 Lesson 7 133 .Adjectives in the Accusative Case , • , • 134 Possessive Pronouns in the Accusative Case . . . . . , . . . " ., 136 Lesson 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . 139 Animale Nouns in the Accusative Case Sin· gular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Personal Pronouns in the Accusative Case 14J Possessive Pronouns and Adjectives Modi· fying Animate Nouns in the Accusative Case Singular . . • . . . • . • , 142 Lesson 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14. Verbs of Motion Imu, ixamu (to go) 145 The Accusative Case 01 DIrection 146 Verbs of Motion xoiJumu, i3fJumu 147 Lesson 10 . • • . . . . . . . . . 150 The Accusative Case DenotlOg Object of Thinking . . . . . . . . . . . . lSI Days of the Week . . . . • . . . . . . 153 Expression 01 Timeof Day . . . . . • . 15' Summary . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . 155 TheAccusativeCaseand its Usein Ukrai· nian . . • . • • • • . • . , •• , . . 155
Lesson II
.... , ....... . The Noun . GenitiveCaseof Possession Lesson 12 . . . . . . . . . • . . , . , Genitive Case after Negation . . • • . • Genitive Case after Cardinal Numerals
158 160
16.
166 167
Usson 13 Genitive Case of Direction Genitive Case of Date • . Lesson /4 . . , . . . . . The Noun. Locative Case of Place
170 172 17.
Lesson 15
183 18' 185 186 189 190
.••• , ....•.. Nouns In the Locative Case Plural Adjectives in the Locative Case . • Demonstrative Pronouns /feu, moil
Lesson 16
..... Expression of Time • .
Lesson 17
.. .... . The Noun. Dative Case of Address . Personal Pronouns in the Dative Case Dative Case of Age • . . • . . . . Dative Case in Impersonal Sentences
Lesson 18
..••. , •.... ,' Nouns in the Dative Case Plural . • Adjectives in the Dative Case • . • . . . Possessive Pronouns in the Dative Case Possessive Pronoun csiu (one's own)
m 178
19. 196 198 198 199 201
203 203
203 204
208 209 215 Lesson 20 . . . . . Nouns in the Instrumental Case Plural . '18 Adjectives in the Instrumental Case . . 217 Possessive Pronouns in the Instrumental 218 Case . . . . . . Personal Pronouns in the Instrumental Case . . ••• • . • . . • 218
Lesson 19
......•.•. The Noun. Instrumental Case
Lesson 21
.•.•... , .••.... Cases and how they are Used in the Ukra· inian Language . . . . . . . . . . . . Declension of Main Groups of Nouns and Adjectives which Modify them Declension of Personal Pronouns . .
Leam Ukrainian is an elementary practica l course for Engli sh speak ing persons who want to study Ukrainian either by themselves or in various groups with a teacher. This course does not cover the entire lexical and structural richness of the Ukrainian language. However, it can serve as an introduction to a more deeper and fun· damenta l study of the Ukrainian language. This book is divided into two parts. Part I (introductory phonetic course) consists of 9 lessons and they will acquaint the student with the Ukrainian phonetic system, articulation of the sounds, peculiarities of stress and intonation. Part II (int roductory course in grammar) consists of 21 lessons. They contain the ma in grammar patterns designed to develop everyday speech and serve as the basis for a more extensive study of. the Ukrainian language. Part II presents the declension of nouns (a ll case form s), the main forms of the verbs, adjectives, numerals, personal, possessive and demonstrative pronouns and adverbs. The study of these morp hological f,lcts runs along syntactical lines. Besides syntax of a simple sentence, some types of complex and compound sentences are also included in the course. The phonetica l and grammar material is introduced in small portions. each of which is presented under its own paragraph. A paragraph consists of a commentary in English , phonetica l or grammatical tables and various exercises. The latter ate based on the vocabu lary of preceding lessons. They are arranged according to the in{: rcasing degree of difficulties encountered by the student. Through the selected vocabulary the authors introduce those words which are ne{:c~sa r y for active everyday communi~ation , taking into account the frequency of their usage and suitability to fi ll in the grammar patterns. The total number of words used in this book amounts to 1000. The Ukrainian-English vocabulary and answers to each lesson exercises are presL'nted at the end of Part II. Here is a guide on how to work with this manual: 1. Study every lesson and every paragraph; do not omit anything, master the material in the given order. 2. Do not interrupt your studies in the middle of a lesson or paragraph, without bav ing done all the given exercises. 7
3. Begin each new lesson with a recapitulation of the preceding one. Try to begin and finish each lesson by studying the dialogues. 4. Do all the exercises according to the given recommendations: do most of the exercises orally, but 3-4 exercises of every subject shou ld be done in written form. 5. All the exercises are provided with answers: having done an exercise, com· pare it wi th the answer. 6. In classroom work teachers are recommended to make recordings of all dialogues and texts of the course so that students can imitate correct pronunciation. 7. Continuously consult the alphabetic Ukrainian-English vocabulary at the end of the book. The authors wish to thank professors I. Kutcherenko and V. Massalsky of Kiev State University, professors V. Rusanivsky and I. Matvias from the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, W. Biley, editor of News 'rom Ukraine, for their valuable suggestions and advice.
PART I
INTRODUCTION A language exists in its oral and written forms of speech. The sounds that we pronounce are indicated by written letters. The number of letters and sounds depends on the language used . In English there are 26 letters which indicate 44 sounds while in Ukrainian 38 sounds are indicated by 32 letters. .. The Ukrainian alphabet is based largely on t he Greek alphabet and is called the CyrilJic writing. Th is alphabet, with various additions and alternations, is also used by Russians, Byeiorussians, Bulgarians and Serb ians in their written language . . It shou ld be noted that the greater number of letters makes possib le for moreaccura~e representation of the sounds in Ukrainian than in Engli sh. As a rule, one Ukrainian sound is indicated by one letter which seldom occurs in English. Compare how the same sound is written in both languages:
(kl En g li s h: Uk r a i n ian:
Ukraine YKpalH3
Canada KaHa.a,a
school wKo.na
hockey XOKeH
On the whole, the spelling of Ukrainian words coincides with their pronunciation. This makes reading and writing much easier than in English. In compari son wit h English, some Ukrainian sounds have no counterparts in English, others are approximately the same as their English counterparts. and still others may differ with the corresponding English sounds. In order to read and write in a fore ign language it is necessary to learn the letters, but if you want to speak and understand wha t is sa id in that language, you must know the sounds and also have idea of what the organs of speech are and how they operate. Nonl mlly
1
4S.~
The Organs of Speech 1 - the windpipe; 2 - the vocal chords; 3 - the lips (upper and lower); 4the teeth (u pper and lower ); 5 - the teethridge; 6 -- the hard palate; 7 - the soft palate with the uvu la; 8 - the tip of the tongue; 9 -Ihe fronl part of Ihe longue; 10 -Ihe middle pari of Ihe longue; 11 -Ihe back pari of the tongue; 12 - the pharynx.
~
-
10
C<>~ ~
Tong ••
12
,
Before start ing to imitate the Ukrainian sounds. it is necessary to know wha t are vowels and consonants - the two main sUbdivisions of sounds. In the pronunciation of vowels, the air passes through the mouth freely. Pronounce the English vowels la :l, b:1, leI and cont ro l your organs of speech so as to understand the main pecu li arity of these sounds (cont'd on p. 12). 9
THE UK.RAINIAN ALPHABET Letters
Name of let-
Written
toe
Ukrainian sound indicaled with the letter
.JI-a
'h
/' /
a in part
,
and, but
b.h
/6,
b in but
6Ma
granny
~.h
/.,
w in way
""
V~
h.h
/'/
h in hand g in get
MaraSMA ryllsl!K
but on
d.h
/JI/
d in breadth
.y6
oak-tree
.h
/./
I'
,"'"
,ky
y.h
[Al'l
ye in yes
€epona
Europe
>K
zheh
/m/
s in pleasure
I\bf(
knife .
3
" h
/'/
z in zone
,y6
tooth
H
Ih
/-/
, in bit
'"'
w,
"
[i]
ee in meet
I
"d
y"
[AI]
yea in yeast
KHill
Kiev
yot
[A]
y in boy
Myseil
museum
Printed
A, B6 B.
r ,
JIll E e
I
Ed Bt :T"t
2)j Ce
• C6 J/Cx IK 3 33j Uu VI Ji I i E
Ji 71 12
Equivalent EngliSh sound
in ten
Example
Meaning
,hoI
I
'j
n
il
K
K
lil'i
k,h
I- I
k in sky
""
poppy
JJ
A
..i-A-
.1
/'/
I in hill
criJl
table
M
M
vU.M-
.m
[MI
m in man
MaTI!
mother
10
Letters Printed
I
of leiter
Uk rainian sound indi· cated with the letter
N,~
Written
Equivalent English sound
Example
Meaning
H
H
;Crt-
eo
1'1
n in nose
O,!l,HH
0
0
00
""
0
101
o in or
OKO
'Y'
n
n
.J[n
","
101
p in spoon
Jla~lOa
lamp
P p
jJ(l-
en
Ipl
r in sorry
6paT
brother
C
C
Cc
'"
lei
s in small
garden
T
T
.Jl[m
'"
ITI
t in step
TyT
here
""
Yy
00
Iyl
00 in moon
ll.pyr
friend
<1><1>
!Pf
'ff
1.1
f in fine
<16m
photo
X
X
Xx
k1"
1'1
ch in Bach
xha
house
U
U
UrVr
"'"
1.1
ts in gets
this
4
q
1{,'t-
"'
cl><"
1' 1
ch in chair
ll.o'lKli
daughter
ULut ."""
Iwl
sh in shame
wK6.na
school
[~l
shch in fresh cheese
AOW
rain
Y Y
Ul
W
III
U(
10
10
il " b
7J4'4
KJro !l.Sl b
shcllah
yoo
[~J
you in youth
IOHaK
young man
Y'"
[~J
ya in yard
li6J1YKO
apple
myaki znak
has no sount!. indicates softness of the .:onsonants
II
When consonants are pronounced the organs of speech form different obstructions for the stream of air that passes. Pronounce the English consonants [pI, ltl, [kl to catch the idea. Now let's begin with Lesson I for a more detailed explanation and study of Ukrainian sounds and letters.
LESSON I
lal, IMI, IKI
Sounds Sounds
1,1
(MI
1-)
I I I I
Printed letters
A,
MM
I I I ~a I l.-a .u I I nl'iI Written letters
Commentary The vowel similar 10 a in arm bu t somewhat shorter. The consonant similar to m in man .
The consonant Similar to k in sky but pronounced less energetically, without aspiration .
K•
MaK poppy In Ukrainian a word has as many sy llables as it has vowel sounds. A syllable may end in a consonant (MaK) or vowel (Ma-Ma). In Ukrainian the word stress is dynamic, i. e. the stressed syllable in a word is usua l· Iy pronounced with more aspiration, and is heard more distinctly. Rea d: a-a-a-a - MaK - MaK - MaK - MaK . - -- MaMa - MaMa - MaMa - MaMa 1 .:....
The vowel similar to e in end . The consonant similar to f in fine .
The consonant similar to w in way. but lips are no t so prot ruded as in English.
B•
, Kana
Ka~
coffee
cafe
In Ukrainian the stress has no constant place in words. The position of the stress for words having two or more sylla bles shou ld be carefully memorized. Rea d: -
,
e-e-e-e MaK -
-
-
MaMa -
-
~ Ka
MaK -
a-e-a-e
MaK
Ma Ma - MaMa Ka!Jle -
KaBa -
KaBa -
KaBa
Kaq>e 13
Wr i te:
[ {[ eu
g; IjJ IjJ'frf IJ IJ IJ tM
rwk,~ Sounds [yJ, [nJ, [6J Sounds
Iyl
1'1 161
I - I I I
Printed letters y
y
n ,
.6
Written letters
I I I I :J~ J[n I I I 2J cf I
Commentary
The vowel similar to 00 lu:] in moon, but shorter. Lips should be wen protruded. The consonant similar to p in spoon; pronounced less energet ically, withou t aspiration. The consonant similar 10 b in but.
nanKa folder fo r papers
6
Rea d:
y-y-y-y a-e-y
- - - MaMa, KaBa, 6a6a , nanKa, 6)'KBa
a-
-.:... Kaq,e
y-e
Wri te:
!I !I
!1m 5[J[5[
~,
natu'i-a,
IU'U1,
cIfrk
J5 Jj J5 Jdd
Sounds [0]. [T]. [AJ Sounds
Printed letters
101
o 0
1'1
T,
I I o r1
Written letters
Commentary The vowel similar 10 0 in sport, but somewhat shorter. Round out and protrude the lips.
~ 51[m The consonant similar to t in stop, pronounced less energetically. without aspiralion . Lower the tip of the tongue to the bottom leeth when pronouncing this sound . If you fail, put the tip of the tongue between upper and bottom teeth.
===
Ukrainian IT] English ItI The consonant similar 10 d in breadth . The tongue is the same position as when pronouncing IT] (see above).
11.
1.1
"YO
oa k-tree Rea d:
$6TO photo
TaTO daddy ....:.. lI.y6 - lI.y6 - .ll.y6
0-0-0-0
a-o-a-o o-a-y-e
....: -
y-o-a-e
-
oTO - oTO - oTO
TaTO . - BOll.a -
TaTO - TaTO Bona - Bona
Write:
000 (}-(}()
BO,o,a
water
m
J![ J![ Jl[ fIU1Un J)JJ2)
ucf ~, rrumw, ~ 15
Intonation of the Declarative Sentence
Max
Hacpe
Intonation of the declarative sentence (also called the intonation of a full stop) is characterized by a falli ng tone (',.) which expresses finality. The fall of the tone is usually on the stressed syllab le of the most important word in the sentence. We will ca ll this syllable the intonational center of the sentence. The fall of the tone is conti· nu.ed and passed over the unstressed sy llables (if there are any) which follow the stres· sed one (e. g. Tyr MaMa).
MaK ',. TyT.
MaK',.TaM.
The poppy is here.
The poppy is there.
There is no art icle in Ukrainian. The Ukrainian link-verb that corresponds to the English to be is usually omitted in the Present Tense.
lia6a ',. TyT. TyT'\,.Ga6a.
Adverbs
TyT
and
TaM
may begin or end a sentence.
MaMa ',. TaM. T aM'\,.MaMa
Rea d: BY-KBa A. BY-KBa E. BY-KBa The!.
BYKsa B 16eJ. BY-KBa K IKa J. BY-Ksa Y.
By-KBa B [se l. BY-Ksa M (eM!. BYKB. [«1>1.
BY-Ksa .u I.n.el. BY-Ksa O. BY-Ksa
MaK Tyr. MaMa Tyr. TaTO Tyr. Kasa TyT.
Tyr MaK.
.uy6 TaM.
TYT MaMa. Tyr Taro . TYT KaSa.
Ba6a TaM. Kacpe TaM. Bod TaM.
TaM TaM TaM TaM
n
(ne !.
Jl.y6 . 6036a.
Kacpe. sad.
Sound [H1 Sound
I',
I I
Printed letter
I I
Wr itten letter
I Jll-O
H"
OHy-K grandson
Commentary
I
The consonant similar to n in ni nth. The tongue is in same position as in pronouncing JT1 and 1.111.
4>oHT3H
KilByH watermelon
fountain
Intona tion of the Special Ques ti on
t ll.e'\., M3Ma?
Where is mother? MaMa TyT.
t ll.e'\.,Ka~?
Where is the cafe?
Ka$e
TaM.
17
In questions having an interrogative word, the intonational center is on the first word which is made prominent. It is pronounced with a little rise t and a stronger stress owing to a very energetic articulat ion. The following syllables are pronounced with a falling tone. . Rea d: 6YKBa H (eH!.
Inton a tion of the General Question. Affirmati ve Answer
-
1 YT ' )" KaBa? '" TaK, TyT '" KaBa. '" TaK, '" Kasa. \.. TaK.
Is the coffee here? Yes, the coffee is here. Yes, it is.
Yes.
General questions are· formed only by intona1ion. No aUX ili ary verbs are used. In such questions the intonational center is pronounced with a sudden rise of tone, the following syllab les are pronounced with a sudden fall of tone. An affirmative answer may be short or full; it is pronounced with a falling tone.
Rea d (control your intonation): TyT '\. MaK. TYT lly6. TaM wlMa. TaM tiro. 5a6a Tyr. OHYK TYT. KaBYH TaM. Balla Tyr.
t
De '\. MaK? lly6? MaMa? raro? 6a6a? De OHYK? De KaBYH? De aod?
De .lle Jle De
Tyr ? MaK? TYT lly6? TaM MaMa? TaM TarO? 5a6a Tyr? OHYK TYT? KaaYH TaM? BOlla rYT?
'\. TaK, Tyr '\. MaK . TaK, Tyr ll,y6. Tax, TaM MaMa. TaK, TaM tiro. T aK , 6a6a TyT. TaR, OHYK Tyr. TaK. KaBYH TaM. TaK. BOll,a ryr.
EXERCISES A. Name the letters of the lesson:
A a = BYRsa A
Aa 56 Ba.n.a. Ee KK MM HH 00 nn Tr Yy !p 8. R:ead (control your pronunciation):
lal rol (yl
MaK, MaMa, 63.6a, KaBa, raTO, BOlla (nl nanKa qKrrO, T1 «>Oro. Ka«>O. e. M leMI. n Inel. B 1601 IBI Bod. KaBYH, KaBa hI Tyr, TaTO, cp6TO, TaK, !poHTilH IMI MaK, MaMa, TaM Illl ll,y6. BOll,a, ll,e IKI TaK, KaBa, OHYK, 6YRBa IHI OHYK, KaBYH, !poHTa» C. Group the words according to the stress model: /
MaK, KaByH, 6YKBa , MaMa, ll,y6, Kacpe, KaBa, raK, nanKa, OHyK, 6a6a, BOlla, TaTO, !pOTO, Tyr, q:.oHTaH. You can check your answers to all exercises for Part I on pp. 229-234 D. Look at the pictures and write what you see:
~ E. Look at the pictures, make up questi ons, and then answer them;
( I)
$
,h~, ~
~
17~
,
- MaMa / ... TaM? - '\. TaK, MaMa ':". TaM.
.,
2
~
~ 5
b
6
.~
~:
(2)
- t n. ,,"'el - Ka$e"'\. TYT.
2.
3
2
V~
v~
v~
[!J
-"'" •
,
~
3
5
6
~
~
\
~
F. R.ead:
T YT "a$!. TF MaMa. TYT T.lTO. TaM 6a6a. TaM .oHYI<. T YT KaBa. TaM BOlI,a. TaM KaaYIi. TYT qmo. T YT lI.y6. TYT cpoHTilH. TaM MaK. G, Look at the picture and answer the questions:
I. 3. 5. 7. 9.
ne MaMa? 2. lIe TaTO? lI,e 6a6a? 4. lle OHYK? Ka$e TYT? 6. He ¢IoHTaH? LIe MaK? 8. Kasa TYT? BO)l.a Ta~1?
H. Look at the picture alxlve and describe wha t you see. I. Read the new words In the lesson:
MaR (poppy) .lly6 (oak-tree) TyT TaM
(here) (there)
lI.e (where) TaK (~es)
MaMa (mother)
I{a¢e (cafe) (grandson)
Taro (father)
ORyK
6a6a (grandmother)
¢x:mTaH (foun ta in) BOll,8 (water)
'Imo
(photo) KaBa (coffee)
6YKB8
KBByR
(watermelon)
(letter)
·nanKa (folder for papers)
"
LESSO N· 2 Sounds Ic). I.). IH) Sounds
Printed
lei
Ce
I')
1-)
I
letters
I
Written
Commentary
letters
GC I 3 I31I
The consonant similar to
I
3, H _
I Uu
5
in small .
The consonant similar to z in lone .
!
The vowel may be compared with i in bit. Lower the jaw a little. The lips should not be tense.
ca.
orchard
CH"
B33a
son
vase
6YAHHOK building
SaBO.D.
plant Rea d:
ByKBa C fee l. BYKBa 3 /se l. BYKsa H -
-
22
.
-
.
MaK, calt.
-
MaMa , Ba3a, .- Bona, 33BOll
....:.... -
JJ.HTHHa
ellH nliBO
(chil d).
(beer).
6y1tHHOK
CYMKa
(bag)
TyT call. TaM 3aBoll. TYT 6YllMHOK. TaM Kae.
Tyr llHTMHa. TyT MaMa. TaM TaTO. TaM
CMH.
TYT Ba3a. TaM MaK. TYT cyMKa. TaM nanKa. T YT nMBo. TaM KaBa. Wri te:
CCCc
=J,~,tar,~,~,~ Intonation of Sentences with the Conjunction a
Tyr '\., call.
A - TaM '\., saBOll.
The Ukrainian conjunction a is used when there is contrast between words or sen· fences. This conjunction is never stressed; it fuses in pronunciat ion with ,the following word . TYT\,CJl1I., a T3"'\,3aOO.ll. TYT\,ea3a, a TaM\,MaK.
In sentences containing comparison, two intonations are possible before the con· junct ion a: intonation of a fall , or intonation of a rise. The latter underlines the cant· rast. -
In incomplete questions having the conjunction a, syllab les that precede the into· national center are pronounced with a brief fall of tone; the center and the following :-;y llables are pronounced with a gradual rise. Such questions may be also pronounc· t'e! with the intonation of a genera l question (see Lesson 1). 23
Rea d (watch intonation): LIe Basa? LIe cYMKa? Ba3a TyT. CYMKa TaM. A Balla? A nanKa? Bod TaM. - nanKa TYT. TYT TaTO, a TaM CMH. Tyr call, a TaM 3aBOll. Tyr Ba3a, a TaM BOlla. Sounds [uJ. Sounds
,U'
'9' I"
I I
In [nJ Printed letters
u
I
Written letters
I 7J..Uy
u
I indicated "
I
TYT KaBa? TaK, Tyr KaSa. I\. TaM? TaM nHso. TYT 6a6a, a TaM OHYK. TYT CaJI" a TaM 6YllHHOK. Tyr MaMa, a TaM D,HTHHa.
in writing
by
II
Commentary
I+
,, + elements: ,, +
This consommt consists of two fused elements: it is similar to ts in gets .
+ cl = lui,
This consonant consists of two iu,," 3] = Ig), it is like dz in adze
I vi ..<
J1 •
The consonant similar to I in health. but the ton~ue is shaped like a scoop: the front part Is pressed to he upper teeth, the lip is lowered to the bottom teeth {as for IT, ,/:I, HIl, the middle part is lowered and the back is raised.
G
,
- - Ukrainian - -- - English fll
Inl
KJUlC
nasa
naMna
classroom
bench
lamp
6YJlKa bread roll
MOJlOKO milk
MaCno butter
U.e OJleHa. This is Olena. OJleHa - cTYAeHTKa. O!ena is a student.
l(e MaXCHM This is Maksim. MaltCHM - cTYlleHT. Maksim is a student.
In sentences containing enumeration, two intonations are possib le: a falling tone or a gradual rise. The last word in the sentence...is pronounced with a falling tone. Rea d: BYKBa U,lueJ. BYKsa JI
CaJt, gaBOn , Basa, CTyJteHT, cryJleHTKa, CRII, JlRTRHa, nHBO, 6YJl.HHOK, MaKCRM, OKcaRa, CeMeH, MOJlOKO, naBa, MaCJlO, 6YJIKa , OJleHa, caJlO, naMna, KJlac. D. Fonn the plural of the following nouns, note the stresses:
1. $oBTaI!; 2. crylteHT; 3. nanKa; 4. MaK; 5. calt; 6. saa6Jt; 7. 6YKaa; 8. s:13a; 9. cTylteHTKa; to. KaaYH: 11. 6YJl.HHOK; 12. JIaSa; 13. KJlaC; 14. lty6; 15. OHYK . Eo Make up dialogues, as shown in the example by using the following pictures:
- ll.e ? -
MaMa? "\. T aK , ':. MaMa. t MaMa? MaMa ':. T)'T.
ne ':.
2 ,..-"",-----::-,
=----,4
27
r;;;------,
P'~
9
10
=------,
11
,
F. Make up dialogues, asshown in the example. by using the foll owing sentences: E x amp I e: 1yr C3A, a TaM 38BOA. a) - t He '" caA? b) TYT)" call? Call '" Tyr. - "II T3K, TyT \. can· A )" 3aso.'!,? 3aBOJl \. TaM.
A )" T8M? TaM"\. saa6.!l.
1. Tyr CTyneHT, a TaM cTY.LleHTKa. 2. TYT 6YJIK3. a TaM MOJlOKO. 3. TYT 6YJuiHOK, a TaM ca.a.. 4. TyT nasH, a TaM ¢!OHraJi. 5. Tyr nanKH, a TaM CYMKH. 6. Tyr MaKeHM , a TaM OKCaHa. G. Read: (I) U,e KJl3C. Tyr JlaBH, a TaM JlaMml. TyT nanRU, a TaM CYMKH.
Ue
CTYAeHTtL
TYT
MaKeHM, O)H~Ha, OKcaua, CeMeH. A ue HaT3J1Ka. HaTaJlK8 - cTYJleHTKa. Qe C-remiH. CTemlH - crYAeHT.
Ue KJlac? TaK, KJlac. A
ue?
Ue nimH. TyT crYlI,eHTH? TaK, cry.n{mTH.
-
l',e MaRcHM? TaK, MaKcHM.
- MaKCHI>! - crYJl.eHT?
- TaK, cTY.!l.eHT. - A HaniJlKa? - HaTe? A ue? - TaK, TyT KatJ>e. Ue flHSO. - .Qe MaMa? TaM M0J10KO? MaMa Tyr. TaR, MOJlOKO. A 6a6a? A Tyr? BaCia TaM. Tyr so,n,a. 28
H. Look at the pictures and answu the questions: , I)
mother grandfather 63.00. .D.iTH, grandmother children
Besides the hard consonants. which we studied in the previous lessons, there are also soft ones. Soft or palatalized consonants differ from the hard (non-palatalized) consonants in that they are pronounced with the tongue raised to the roof of the mouth or hard palate, as with vowel i. Thus the consonant receives a shade of the i sound. Softness in writi ng is indicated by the soH sign (b) following the letter representing a soft consonant. The soft sign is used only in combinations with consonants to make them soft. Otherw ise, it is soundless. All consonants, preceding j are more or less soft.
IJ.e MaKcHM. MaKcHM - cTYJleHT. st udent 30
IJ.e CTenan. CTen;lH - lfJi3HK. physicist
IJ.e CeMeH. CeMeH - niJlOT. pilot
cTineu,b chair
CTU
table
cHi.ll.aHOk breakfast
KiMHaTa room
06ill
MicTO
dinner
town
BiKHO
window
iHCTHTYT college
Rea d: 6YKsa I a-o-y-e-H- i i-H - y - e - o - a i -H-e-y-o-a ....:.. MaK, lli.n, CTin, .neHb (day), ciK (juice), cyn (soup) ....:. - MaMa , .niTH , 6aTbKo, Tina (aunt), Micro, CPi3HK - ....:... eO.1l;a, IBaH, Bi KHO, CTiJleub, 06i.1l;, CeJlO (village), niJlOT
,
.
.
- - - ,llHTHHa, KIMHaTa, CHlllaHOK - -.:.. MOJlOKO, iHCTHTyT, CTa,llioH (stadi um) ll,e Micro. TyT 3aeO,ll, iHCTHTYT, 6y.nHHKH. A TaM ca.n, Kacpe, cTallioH. ll,e iHCTHTYT. Tyr CTy.neHTH: IBaH, MaKc"M, OKeaHa. ll,e cp6ro. Tyr .nill, 6a6a, OHYKH. A ue 6aTbKO, MaTH, .1I;iTH, TiTKa Hi lla. Ue KiMHaTa. Tyr crill , criJleUb, JlaMna. A TaM BiKH6. Ue cHi.naHoK . TYT 6YJlKa, MaCJJo, MOJlOKO. A TaM Kaaa, ciK, ao.na. Ue 06ill,. TYT cyn, a TaM KaBYH. Wri te:
JJJ L.U
/
.Mem, ff: ~, ~,.LUcmo 31
Noun. General Information about Gender
U.e OKc3Ha. 80tui crY.ll.eHTKa. She
IJ,e MaKcuM. Di" crY.II.eHT.
He
,Ue SiKHO? 8OH6 TyT.
It
Lie ./liTH? BoHM TYT. They
There are three genders of Ukrainian nouns: mas cui i n e: nouns which end in a consonant and may be substituted by the pronoun Bht; f e min i n e: nouns which end in -a and may be substituted by the pronoun BOlla; n e ute r: nouns wh ich end in -oor -eand may be substituted by the pronoun 8000; p I u r a I nouns may be substituted by the pronoun BOHM. BiH
BOHa
crY.ll.eHT
crY.ll.eHTKa 6a6a Basa cYMKa KaBa nasa Manl
CHH
ca1l, OHYK Ay6 crin 6aTbKO
8080
MaCJto MonOKO
oMBo 6To
BiKHo Micro Kacpe U.e MaKcHM. BiH CTYlI,eHT. IJ,e OKeaHa. BOHa crY)l.eHTKa. Ue iBaH. BiH $138K. lJ,e HiHa. BOHa cpi3HK. lJ.e CeMeH. BiH ninOT. - .ile KiMH
Negative Sentences Negation is formed by means of the particle He placed before the negated word. The partic le has no stress and fuses in pronunciation with the foll owing word.
Ue He MBa. This is not a bench. LJ.e CTineub. 32 (
-
U,e ? miBa? "'" Hi, ue He "'" naBa. ~ Hi, He ~ naBa. \. Hi. U,e '\. crin.
Is it a bench? No, it is not a bench. No, it is not. No. This is a table.
The negative answer, pronounced with a faIling tone, may be full or short. The se· cond part of the full answer repeats the contents of the question with the particle He before the negated word. Rea d: U,e He 6aTbKo, a .n;i.n;. TaM He MaKCHM, 3 leaH . [ U,e He BO.!I,a, a cite Bin He nin6T, a cry.neHT. U,e He OHYK, a CHH. U,e He 3aaO.n;, a iHcrI1TYT. U,e He Micro, a CeJIO. Tyr He cranioH, a ca.n. Ue He cHi.naHoK, a 06i11. U,e He cry.neHTI1, a .niTH. Ue 6aTbKo? - U,e saBO)].? Ue cTineub? Hi, He crineUb. Hi, He 6aTbKo. - Hi, He 3asO.n. U,e )].i.n? Ue iHCTHTyr? Ue nasa? TaK. - TaK. Hi. A .ne 6aTbKo? - A .ne cTy)].eHTH? Ue crin? BiH TaM. - BOHH TyT. TaK, crin. - A 6a6a Tyr? 1I.e MaKcHM? MonoKo Tyr? - Hi, He Tyr. BiH T)'T. Hi. - ,Ue aOHa? A IoaH Tyr? A .ne aOHO? BOHO TaM. - BOHa TaM. Hi, ain TaM. EXERCISES A. Name these leHers: ~M&~&~~Iibfu~HH~lliQ~~~~
Ba3a TaM? I. Make up dialogues, as shown In the example using these sentences. E,II amp I e: OOTbKO T)'T. - U.e /' 6.aTbKO? - TaK, '\i 6aTbKo. -,/le \. Bin? - Bin \. tyro
I. TYT MaTH. 2. TaM 6a6a-. 3. TYT .n;i.n;. 4. TaM .n;irH. 5. TaM niJJOr. 6. TaM cpi3HK. 7. TYT crYAeHT. 8. TYT Micro. 9. TYT Kb.maTa. 10. TaM Kacpe. 11. TaM 3aBo.n;H . 12. TYT criJI.
"
35
J. Read:
U.e ceno. TYT 6Y.Il.HHOK, a TaM ca.ll.. Tyr ..n.i..n., 68.6a, TiTKa. A TaM 6aTbKO, MaTH, ..n.ITH. U.e CTin. TYT cHi..n.aHoK. TyT MOJIOKO, a TaM KaBa. Tyr MaCJlO, a TaM 6YnKa. A ue KaaYH. BiH Tyr. - U.e MicTO? - BaTbKo Tyr? - Hi, ue ceno. - Hi, aiH He TyT. - Tyr 6y..n.HHOK? - .ae aiH? - TaK. Tyr. - SiH TaM. - A TaM? - A ..n.lTH TYT? - TaM caJl.. - Hi, BOHH TaM. U.e KiMHaTa. Tyr BiKHO, a TaM CTiJl. A ue aa3a, minKa, ¢>Oro. Tyr CTy..n.eHTH: MaKcHM, OKCaHa, OneHa. U.e MaKcHM. MaKCHM - CTY.ll.eHT. SiH 4li3HK. A ue OKcaHa. SOHa cryJl.eHTKa. U.e CrenaH. SiH He CTYJl.eHT. SiH niJlOT. U.e crin . TYT 06i..n.. Tyr cyn, a TaM 6YJlKa it MaCJIO. - U.e KiMHaTa? - MaKcHM - CTy..n.eHT? - TaK. - TaK, BiH CTy..n.eHT. - Tyr CTiJl? - OKcaHa - CTy..n.eHTKa? - Hi, Bill TaM. - TaK, BORa cTy.neHTKa. - Tyr CTY.ll.eHTH? - CremiH - crYJl.eHT? - TaK. BOIIH TYT. - Hi, aiR niJl&r. I{.
Look at the picture and answer the questions:
1. U.e Micro? it MaTH TaM? 4. 6. BMa TaM? 7. HOK? 9. KaBYH II. XJli6 TaM?
CTYll(!HT j crY,lleHTKa. CTY.l1.eHTK3 H CTYJl.eHT.
BOAf"
driver
Ue 6MSa If OHYK. LJ.e OHYK i 6a6a.
The Ukrainian conjunction i meaning and in English interchanges with H. Both are never stressed and [use in pronunciation with the word following it. As a rule i is used between consonants and after a consonant; it is also used at the beginning of a sentence; it - is used between vowels. Both forms of the conjunction may be used after a vowel and before a consonant depending upon the tempo and rhythm of speech. Rea d: -
.....: My3eA. 6aceAH. Boaiii
Ue crY.ll.eHT i cry.n;eHTKa. Ue Am i 68:6a.
TYT mlBa H CTiJI. Tyr KacPe Ii MY3eH.
Tyr CTiJl i criJH!ll.b. TaM MaCJlO H MOJIOKO.
TaM MaTH H CHH. TaM MySeH i Ka41e. TaM iHCTHTYr i saBO.n..
ll.e ca,ll; i 6Y.ll.HHOK.
Tyr cra.n.iOH i 6aceHH . TyT 6aTbKO H .n.iTH. Ue 6a6a H: .n.i.n.. Ue cTYAeHTKa H cTYAeHT. 37
W ri t e:
71 7171
M..U
~,~, letters 11, 10;
€,
T
~ dCuk uaH.fr.
i
Printed letters
Written letters
Pronunciation
B"
!l.Sl ;010
IAa)
I as ya in yard
{'Y{
as you in youth
iO~
€ ,
(;(,
I1
J;:.
(AeJ (Ai )
English equivalenls
I
as ye in yes
Commentary
These letters at the beginning of a word and after a vowel are pronounced as two fused sounds ,
LJ,e MOe (my) qmo; T yr MiA (my) 6aTbKO, MOH (my) MaTH, Mol (m y) Jl,irH i A ( 1) .
The possessi ve pronoun Mia (my) refers to the 1st person singular and it always takes the gender and number of the noun it modifies. ,
-
-
MiA
Masculine
"
Ai)l,
MTbKO,
Cllll,
,
can, .6ynIiHoK, CTiJi •••
,
~YMKa,
Fcminine
MOA
6.i6a, MaTII, TiTKa, nanKa,
Ncuter
...i
MiCTO,
- ~6, .poro,
.".•
)liTH,
CTyneHTH, nanKH, KiMHfiTH, CHilli .. .
Plural (all genders)
KiMHimi
aiKH6, Ji:6JIYKO .••
-
- --
-
Rea d: .
...:... MiM,
H
-
..:. MOH,
Moe, MaY
H toHaK. ~ CTYJl,eHT. H KH~IUIH. LJ,e Moe Micro KH'in. A ue 6Y.ll.HIIOK i caJ{. TyT Mill 111M (home). LJ,e MO~ KiMH<'lTa. T yT MiA criJl. T yr Moe qxno , a taM MO~ IT
Letters
R, 10, £
after Soft Consonant and Apostrophe
KOCTtOM
Jl,R)I,hKO
uncle l)l.b
suit IKOCT"YMI
CYKHSII
ByJlHJJ..Si1
dress [cYKHbal
street ISYJlHu.bal
After a consonant the letters R, 10, e denote a single sound lal, Iyl. leI respectively. The preceding consonant is always soft.
'I I), ", -, . '-
(
.
,
M'ACO
ciM'Sii
meat IMli.:icol
family IciMHaJ
Apostrophe C) denotes that the preceding consonant is hard. The letters denote two fused sounds [Hal, lu yl, IAel respectively after it. Rea d: ~
-
CyKHR , M'RCO, JlRAbKO
- . : . KOCTIOM, .:... -
-
CiM'fI
flMyKO. ByJlHUfi
.,.
CYKHII
llRlI,bKO
eY.nHll.II tiM'R
e
....
w.a
)tOCTION
SiI, 10,
Iot'Jico
l.J.e MOe Micro. l.J.e KWIB. Tyr MOil ByJUIUfI A MiA AiM. l.J.e MOH ciM'H: Min 68.TbKO il 1II0H MaTH. A u.e MiA AJI)l.bKO it MQJI TlTKa. BOHII KHAHH (Kievites). 51 crYAeHTK3. 51 KHAHKa (Kievite. f).
Personal Pronoun TU
(you) and Possessive Pronoun Tsiil
TH CTYAeHT? - TaK, SiI crYAeHT. - l.J.e TRiA iHCTHTYT?
-
-
TaR. MiA.
(your)
Are you 3 student? Yes, J am a student. Is this your college? Yes, it is mine.
The personal pronoun mu (you) is used in addressing the 2nd person singular only
In cases of familiarity between close relatives and friends. The possessive pronoun l1Ulill (your) also refers to the 2nd person singular and al.... ys takes gender and -number of the noun it modifies.
Ue TBOH BYJlHU,H? TaK, MO~. TBiA 6Y.ll.HHOK TaM? Hi, BiH Tp. A ue Taoe aiKHo? TaK, Moe. TaM T80~ KiMHan? TaK.
-
Ue Tail!: 6aTbKO? Hi, ue Mil!: n.H.lI.bKO. BiH ao.niR? Hi, aiH niJlOT. A ue TaoH TiTKa? TaK. BOHa $isHK? Hi, aOHa M)'3HK8.HT (musician).
EXERCISES
A. Name the letters of the lesson:
AA (AOT( )I. 1010 €e li B. Read
(~ontrol
your pronunciation):
IiU
MYSeR. 6aceHH, Bo.niil", MiH, raiA Ihl H. R6JJ.YKo, KHRHHH. CiM'H, M'sico, MOR. TBOH lA y) IOHaK IAil KHTa. Moi IHel Moe. TBOe
c. Group the words according to the stress model:
[_L[.l-_[
~.l-[
/
/
H. MiA, MyseA , Knis, aO.ll.iA, KHHHHH, H6JJYKO, MOH, CyKHH, KOCTlOM, 6aCeHH, aYJlHUH, M'RCO, MoT, ciM'H, .nH.nbKO, TaiR, TaOH, MYSH KaHT, Moe, TH, Tace, TsoT, .niM, MOCKsa,IOHaK. D. Group the nouns according to their gender ((lIN, (lONa, (lOHO):
KH'ia, MY3eR, CYKHH, M'RCO. IOHaK, MOCKsa, 6aCeHH, 80.11.111', si6J1YKO, ciM'R, AHnbKO, 8YJlHUH, KHHHlm, KHRHK3, MYSHKaHT, KOCTIOM. E. Insert the proper lonn of the conjunction lord, E x amp I e: l oaH ... OKcaHa - crYJl.eHTiI. laaH i OKcaHa - CTy.lleHnI.
. I. u.e ": .. JJ.1M: 2. TYT ... MaT,.'f. 3. TaM ... CiaTbKo: 4. l.J,e ... KiM~8.Ta . 5. Tyr ... Bi~. Ho.6. TaM '" JUTH. 7. U.e .. , CyKHH. 8. Qe ... KOCTIOM,. 9. u..e ... MI~. 10: Tyr ... ByJl HUfl.'· 1r, TaM' ::. -6YJi)iIlOK, 12. Ue ... cry.neHTH. 13. TaM .. . iHCTHTYr. 14. ll,e ciM'n. 15. U.e ... Ji:6JJYKO. 16. l1.e ... .lJ.HJlhKO. G. Make up dialogues as shown in the example, using the followIng sentences. E x amp I e: Ll.e /' TlIIi. cTin? U.e /' ",iii crin? . __ . - '\, Tax, qe \C. MIA. (TiJl. .. - "TaK, u.e" nlA CTiJi. - " Hi, u.e He" MiA erln. - " Hi, ue He \c ni" CTiJl. ll,e'\, TaiA cTill. LJ.e'\, MiA crill.
1. Ue Mosi KaBa.
TBiii
06iJI.. 2. TaM MOH KiMHaTa, 3.
6. Ue
TBiA CTiJH~ub.
7. TYT
Ue TBO€
MOl Ba3H.
H6J1YKO. 4. lJ,e
8. TaM
TBOI
MOe
q:,6To. 5.
T )T
nanKH.
H. Make up dialogues, as shown In the examples. E x amp I e: 7' TllM MOR MarH. TllM MiA 6;iTbKo. - t ,Ue "Toot 'MATH A ~ 6at'bKOi' Mot MilTH A t'hiTbKO ~ TIIM.
I. TYT MiH )tip.. TYT MOH 6a6a. 2. TaM MOH TiTKa . TaM MiA )tH)l;bKQ. 3. Tyr MiA 6an KO. TYT MO» MaTH. ' . E x amp I e: Tyr MOR MarH. Ta.. MiA 6;iTbKo. - t Jle mot MaiM A " 6aTbKo? MOR MaTH 7' TyT, a MiA 6aTbKO '\i TaM.
I. T YT TBOH M6a. TaM TaiA )ti)l;. 2. TYT TBiA )tH)l;bKO. TaM TaOH Tina. 3. Tyr TaiH 6,lTbKo. TaM TBO» M3:TH. I. Insert the corred lonn 01 the needed pronoun. Example: - Ue ... MaTH? li.e ?nOR MaTH? - TaK, .. . . - " TaK, " MoA. - Jle ... ? - t Jle \. 80Ha? - ... TYT. - 80Ha \. TyT.
I.
lJ,e ... Micro? TaK, ....
2. -
lJ,e ... ,Il,iM? TaK, .. ..
- ,Ue ... ?
.-
Ae ... ?
........ Tyr.
-
... Tyr.
3. - lJ,e ... )tiTlt? - .TaK, .. ..
- ne ... 1 -
... TaM.
J. Read: ,~ ll,e Moe ce.nO: 1YT Miit AiM.Tyr MOH ciM'H. Ile MOH BYJIHWl. T YT 6YAMHOK, a TaM ca.n;.
r YT Mj~ . )t i,ll, j , t.:fQH 6315a. A TaM Moi MTbKO it wiTH. Tyr lJ;iTH A MOH TiTKa TerHHa. lJ,e CTiJi i JIaBH , A ue 06ilJ;. T YT cyn, M'HCO, KaBYH. Mill ,Il,i)l; - BO.ll.iit . Miit 6aTbKO - niJI(Yr. Moli MaTH - MY3HKaHT. A fI CTYAeHT. 51 iSHK .' M in AH.!I.bK6 Cet.U!H - iSHK. MiA AslAbKO A MO» Tina - KHliHH. , - U.e TBOS ceJl6? - A )l;i}t i 6a6a? - TaK, MOe. - BOHM TaM. - TBiH .a.iM TYT? - Ue TBoi AiTn? " .. - 1aK, Tyr. TaK, Mot - A Ae TBOH ci~I'H? BOHM TaM? ., " '- ' 'BOHa TyT. - Hi, BOHl.f Tyr.
.. ...'.. L Look at the picture above and tell what you see. M. R.ead the new words from the lesson:
T, Ii (and)
KuT& (Kiev)
Mj3e"fi: (museum)
" (I) MiA (my) TBiA (your) .
CyKHH (dress) Jl,HJI,bKO (uncle)
6aceHH (SWImming pool) BOll.iii (driver)
n l (you)
KOCTlOM (suit) ciM'H (family)
AiM (home)
MOCKBa (M.oscow)
M'HCO
(meat)
lOHaK KHHHHH (Kievite m) KHHHKa (Kievite f)
(apple) ByJlHUH (street) HOJIyKO
KHHHH
(young man) MYSHKaHT (musician)
(Kievites) pI,
m
MiA . miA
my
'MOI TIlOf
Y'"'
LESSON 5 Sounds Iwl; IlKl ' Sounds
I
Printed letters.
-
lUl l
W. W
I-I
)l{.
' .
-
Written . letters
.
W
W.
-
.
JK .>1<:
I
Com~entary
-
A hard consonant .simi lar to sh UI in shoe, but the ton~ue Is shaped like a scoop and retracted as compared wit the English; lips should be' protruded and rounded.
to hi ,
. . Hard consonanl similar s In"pleasure; the Ion· gue and lips are at the same position as lor the conso- , nant [U11 (se~ above).
Consonant a before" is pronounced like English v in victory.
Sounds [qJ, (ilIC]
Written
Printed letters
Sounds
Commentary
leiters
I indicated in writing by
(ilIC]
""
Hard consonant similar to ch in chair . Round and protrude your lips. Consonant similar to J in joke. It Is pronounced as one sound, though Is always written with two leiters.
I
~awK8.
AO"lQ
Ai811MHa
cup
daughter
girl
Y'IeHb
-
/ In questions having
ni,lllKaK
BHKJlaAi'l
college teacher
pupil
'1M
suit jacket
IJ.e QaWK8 'iH (or) J16>KKa? lJ,e IfaWKa.
(or), intonation first rises (before
'1M) ,
and then falls at the
end of the question.
Rea d:
BYKBa 4 ('leI -
-
.
-
-
'1alllKa, y q eHb
-.:... ,n,O'lKa, ni,D;)f(aK
.
-
-
-
.
-
-
JI,IB'IHH8
-
-
BHKJUlll.aq
-
-
yqeHHWt
45
1. TYT lJaWRa, a TaM Hi}K i JIO}KKa. 2. LJ.e niJI)KaK, a ue wy6a A wanKa . 3. Tyr IOHaK, a TaM AiBlJI{Ha . .4. _LJ.e MiA CMH. BiB YlJeHb. A H BHKJIaAa'l. 5. LJ.e MOll AOlJKa. BOBa Te}K YlJeHliu Sl • LJ.e SOWH,T ,{H KHH}KKa? - l!.e MiCW,.,!H ceJlo? U,e Micro. U,e KHH}KKa. U,e WKOJIa '{I{ iHCTlnYT? Tyr wy6a '1H niA}KaK? TYT ni)l.>KaK . . U.e WKOJIa;. ,UiSlJHHa TyT '1M TaM? Tyr -CTYJl.eHT '1M BHKJlaAalJ? TYT BM'KJlMalJ, . BOHa TYT. MaKcHM CTYAeHT '1M Y'IeHb? . TaM aiKHo lJH A6WKa? TaM AOWKa. BiH crYAeHT. W rite:
1(, 1(, 1(,
VV!-
='ru=,~,~,~,~ Personal Pronouns au (you),.AtU (we). Possessive Pronouns HaUl (our), aaw, (your), iXHiu (their). Interrogative Pronoun .,uli (whose)? DH CTYAeHT? Are you a student? TaK, Sf crYAeHT. Yes, I am a student. IJ.e BaW iHCTHTYT? I s this your college? TaK, MiA. Yes, it is mine. RH CTYAeHTH? Are you students? TaK, MH cTYAeHTH. Yes, we are students. U,e BaW iHcTHTYT? I s this your college? Hi, He Haw. No, it is not ours. YHA u;e iHCTHTYT? Whose college is this? IJ.e iXHiA iHCTHTYT. This is their college. The pronouns 8U (you) and 8QUl (your, yours) are used in addressIng the second person singular (strangers and elders) and in the plural. , The pronouns Haul (our, ours), BaLU (your , yours), 'ixHill (their, theirs) and 'iui1? (whose?) always take the number and gender of the nouns they modify. , P ERSONAL PRONOUNS Person
," ',d
I
Singular
3,d
" 46
•, '"."
1 0H' 60H6
Plural
I
.. ,' .." ,
h~ It
"
'"
w, yO"
they
Rea d:
m
quit ue CUH? liMA ue AOllKa? n lIHE ue ceJl6? pi 4HI ue A\TO?
f
" MiA
TBiii TBm) TBOS TBOI•
MOH MOe
Mof -
BH crYAeHT? Hi , st BHMa)l.all. LJ,e Baw ·iHcTuTYr? TaK, MiA. LJ,e Bawi cry.n:eHTH? Hi, He MOt.
-
TH
8H
BOHM
Haw
BaW
HaWa HaWe H.a..mi
sawa BaWe Bawi
txHiii txml •IXH€ •IXHi
"," ,
TH cry.n:5lT? H i, st Y'IeHb. LJ,e TBOH wK6na? TaK, NOH. A '1HA u.e iHCTHTYT? Bomi cry.n:eHTH..' Ue iXHiA iHCTHTYr. BOHIi CTy.n:eHTH? Hi, BiH BHKJla.n:all, a BOHa MY3HKaHT. LJ,e ixHi AiTH? TaK, txHi.
BH crYAeHTH? Hi, Mil nin6m. LJ,e Baw 6y.n:HHOK? Hi, He Haw. Haw 6y.n:HHOK TaM.
Commentary I 7llr uy I English This letter indicates two fused sounds which resemble shch in fresh cheese. I IXx I Hard oonsonant similar to ch in Bach .
lJJIa~
'nnOlU,a
XaTa
-
raincoat
square
.house
Who is this?
XTO
ue?
-:- LJ,e AI BlIHHa.
- uto ue? ; What is this? - LJ,c. lIaWKa.
The pronoun xmo (who) asks about peopl~ and animals; pronoun U{O (what) - about things. Observe the intonation of the questions with interrogative words like: i}e, xmo, "lo. (R. efer to Lesson I). Rea d: 6YKsa X [xaJ. 6YKsa ill rm.aJ - XTO, mo, nJlam
.
.
. - - xaTa, nJlowa -
-
-
XTO ne? lle Mil1 !SaTbKO. XTO ne? lle MOsi MaTH. Xro TyT? TYT Miii CH H. Xro TaM? TaM MOsi .a.OqKa.
- mo ne? -
LJ,e ceJlo.
- lII.0 ne?
- LJ,e nJl6ma.
- lII.0 TYT?
- Tyr x3.Ta.
- mo TaM? -
TaM ca;:x.
W ri te:
Z4w,.w,.~
XXX.=
Xno '¥? Uf,.o '¥?
= , f7...(.a.I..I.{ ~
Verb. Conjugation I. Present Tense
CTy.a.eHT qHTae. is reading
CTy.a.eHTKa qHTliE!. is rea ding
lI.iTH qHTlilOTb. are reading
The Ukrainian Present Tense corresponds to the English Present Continuous and Present Indefinite: BiH qHTae = He is reading. He reads. '1H't.hM CJlyxaTM
nlicbM
to read to list(!ll to write
The infinitive of the Ukrainian verbs usually has the ending -TH.
In the Present Tense all Ukrainian verbs are inflected for persons: PR.ESENT TE NSE
Each person has a definite ending added to the stem of the verb. The latter may end with a vowel or with a consonant (tIHTa-fO. lIIilll-Y). According to the vowel of the personal inflections all the verbs are divided into two groups or conjugations. Let's start with Conjugation I. To find the stem of a Conjugation I verb, drop the infinitival ending -TH and add the fo llowing personal endings. PRESENT TENS E. CONJUGAT ION I. PERSONAL END i NGS OF TH E VERB
Person
I
•rn 8iK, 80Ma ••
..
eoHH
Stern in a consonant -y
-ew -e -eNO -eTe -yTb
I
Stem in a vowel
.-,
--ew
...
-
~n
-~.
Rea d: ,
- - nHwew, nHwe, nHwyTb --nHWy ,
- - - OHwere, OHweMO, CJlyX3TH , CJlYX3fO, c.nyxaew, c.nyxae, cnyxafQTb - - - 'fHTaTH, '1HTalO, 'fHTaeW, 'fHT3e, lfHT3fQTb, OHcaTH - - - - c.nYX3eMO, c.nyxaeTe - - - - '1HT3eTe, lfHTaeMO I. 51 '1HTalO, a MiA CRH CJlyxae i nHwe. 2. MaKcHM oHwe, OKCaHa lfHTae, a CeMeR CJlYxae. 3. BaTbKo qBTae, a MH CJlyxaeMo A oHweMo. 4. M.hH CJlyxae, a AiTH 'fHTafOTb. 5. BH 'fHTaeTe, a R CJlyxalO i nHwY. 6. TH nHwew, a 11 '1HTalO. U.e MiA CTin. Tyr MiA 30W HT, nanKa A KHH}f{Ka. Tyr 11 nHwy i 'fHT81O. U.e Harna KiMHATa. Tyr Haw CTin. TYT MH nHweMo A '1HT8eMo. ll.e KJlac. Tyr AiTH. BOHH nHwYTb i '1 HTalOTb. ll.e iHCTHTYT. TYT CTYAeHTKa. BOHa nHwe A 'fHTae. XTO cnyxae? XTO 'fHT8e? XTO flHwe? IQHaK CJlYxae. - 51 'fHTafO. MaKcHM nHwe. XTO '1HTae? XTO lIIiwe? XTO 'fHT8e? Y'feHb '1HTae. MH flHweMo. - niTH 'fHT8IOTb. XTO flHwe? XTO cnyxae? XTO cnyx 3e? - .ll.iS'fHHa nHwe. MH cnyxaeMo. - 51 cn)'xafO. 49
EXERCISES A. Read the letters In the lesson: liJw )I(>K 411 Xx llI.m
B. Read (watch your pronunciation): (wI
llla¢a. wy6a, wanKa, 'laWK8, wK6J1a, .lI.OwKa, aOWHT, Haw, saw, H3wa, Bawa, Hawe. Bailie, Imwy, miwe · I >KI· Hi)f{, JlO>KKa, Tem, KHHmKa I'll lI11H, IHI,{, lIaWKa, .!I.iB'lll Ha, BHKJl8.l1.a'l, Y'feHb, 'fHTaTH lo.c) ni)l>KaK Ixl xaTa, XTO, cJlyxaTH , IxHiH (w'fl nJlam, nJlOma. l.J..l.O C. Group the words according to the stress model:
0. Change the sententes from the singular to plural. Mark the stresses. E xamp I e: IJ.e Haw can. IJ.e Hawl canH. .
5. 9.
1. Ue MOH wanKa. 2. Ue IxHiA 6Y.ll.liHOK. 3." Tyr Hawa xaTa. 4. TaM TBIH CMH . Ue sawa )I,o'lKa. 6. Lf,e MOH JI6}KKa. 7. Tyr TBOH KHH}KKa. 8. U.e Hawa wK6.rJa. Ue Baw iHCTIiTYr. 10. Ue IXHiA CTiJl(~Ub. H. Look at the pictures and make up dialogues:
- Ue /'
BaID caJt?
"\. TaK, ue "\. MiA (Haui) ca,a,. _ . "\. Hi, ue He '" Min (Haw) ca,a,.
2
3
4
••
5
~_...... 9
7
6
10
II
==----, ,,
51
, I. Make up questions from the following statements assltown In the eumpJe. E x am p J e: Ue MIA can. liMA ue C8,Il? 1. Ue Moi .niTR. 2. I..le TSOH wKOJJa. 3. l.J.e HaWe Micro. 4. T}'T Balli criJi. 5. TaM MiH
.niM. 6. LJ.e TBiH BHKJl
(I)
- t ll(o" ue? C8.!l. - t YHH .~e '- call? - Ue,- MfH CB.n.
- Ue '-:.
2
6
5
9
52
10
4
3
7
8
II
12
t Illo Ue'\.
~
t XTO '\. ue?
ue?
LJ.e "»
C3A·
2
3
CTYAeHT.
•
• 5
9
one sentence from two. E x am p I e: SI '1HT3Jo. Bill '1KTie. SI '!IITm Bin miwe.
6
1
10
8
II
12
I(. Make
SI 'IIITAio, BIH UlK '1KTie. 5:1 'IIiTAxl, a Bill miwe.
M. Make up questions to the following answen as shown In the example;
E x amp j 'e:
51 '1HTalO., t Xro "\I '1HTlie?
. 1. 51 'IHTaID. 2. MaKcHM miwe. 3. OKeaHa CJIYxae. 4 . .niTH nHwYTb. 5. WJl lJlmi.€. 6. BHKJla)taq cJlYxae. 7. TH nHwew. 8. MH CJIYxaeMo. 9. BH lIHTa€Te. 10. 51 .cJlYxalO. N. Use the correct fonn of the verb in brackets. E X amp I e: BiH (nHeaTH). BiH miwe.
I. oaTbKO (mlcaTH). a Jli)t ('IHTanl). 2. CHH (lIHTaTH), a )tOqKa (cJlYxaTH). 3.',:CTY)teHTH (mfCaTH) i (lI.nTaTH). 4. Tn (tlHTaTH), a H (CJIYxaTH). 5. 51 (lIHTaTH), a im (CJly· xaTH). 6. MH (CJlyxaTlI, nHCaTH) Ii (qHTaTH). O. Read:
(I) ll,e Heiwa wKMa. Tyr Haw KJlac. T YT BiKHO, a TaM JlOWKa. Ue MiA criJi. TYT M'i'rI SOWHT i MOR KHH}f{Ka. OKcaHa lIHTa€, a MM cJlYxaeMO. OKeaHa '.J:HTae TeKcr (text). 54
- lU,o ue? - A leaH cJlyxae? - TaM siKHO \In ,nomKa? - Ue wK6Jla. - Hi, sill nHwe. - TaM AOwKa. Bn TaM nHwere? - Xro TYT? - IUo ue? - Tyr AITH. - lJ,e 30WHT. _. TaK, n"meMO. - niTH lIHTalOTb? 4HA ue 30lllHT? - Hi, SOHH cJlYxalOTb. - lJ,e MiA 30lllHT. - A XTO lIHTae? - lJ,e Te>K 30lllHT? - OKcaHa lIHTae. - Hi, u.e KHH>KKa. (2) MH cTYAeHTH. 51 cpbHK. A ue MHKOJla. BiH re)l( CTyaeHT. lJ.e Harna KiMllaTa. TyT Halll CTiJl. Tyr MH lIHTaeMo H nHweMo. A TaM Hllwa ma$a. TaM KocnOMH, manK", ni,ll.>KaKH. A u.e OKeana H HaTaJlKa. BOH" Te)f{ crYAeHTKH. TxHfI KiMHaTa TaM. MHK6Jla \lHTae reKCT, a fI CJIYxalO. OKcana mime. HaTaJU{a re>K mime. - IU.o ll,e? - BH crYAenT? A OKeana? U.e KiMHllTa. - TaK, cry,neHT. OKCaHa rem miwe. 4liH lle KiMllaTa? - A u.e xro? LJ,e IXHJJ KiMHaTa? Hawa. U.e HaTaJlKa. - Hi , ue llama KiMllaTa. Xro Tyr? BOlia \lliTae? Tyr crYJ1.eHTH. Hi, BOlia miwe. P. Look althe following pictures and answer the questions;
[tl in that it is rolled. In or er to pronounce this sound correctly the tonfue should be raised to the teethridge
and curled. The ip of the tongue vibrates and taps aga· inst the teethridge several times.
Ukrainian (pI English Ir] 56
py...
n
ball-point
desk
KapTa
wape!>
map
scarf
r~ \~I pa.ll.io radio
CHP
cheese
iHlf(eHep engineer
JKypHaJi
magazine
cecTpa sister
worker
Rea d: ~ CHp , 6paT, waptP
.
. . :. . - pY'lKa, napT8, KapTa, pH6a -
-
>KYPH8J1,
cecrpa
.:..... - - pa.n.io -
-
~ iH>KeHep. po6iTHHK
XTO ue?
Ue
-
MiA (ipaT.
-
-
X TO Baw CiaTbKo? BiH iH>KeHep.
Xro BiR? SiH BHKJla.n.aq.
-
XTO
-
BiH p06iTmfK.
XTO ue? Ue MOR cecrpa.
- 1..JHlI ue mypHaJl? - lI,e MiA >KypHaJl . - A tWH ue py'lKa? - Ue MOll. pY'lKa.
XTO BOHa? BOHa CTy.a.eHTK8.
Baw
Opar?
lJIUi ue Kapu? - Ue HaWa KapTa. - A mo TaM?
-
-
tie HaWa napTa.
- IUo ue?
- Ue
CRp.
A wo
-
[[t>?
Ue pli6a. 57
51 YlIeHb. U.e MiA KJlac. Tyr criJi i napm. TYT BiKHO, a TaM Jl,OWKa AKapTa. U.e MOR: napTa. TYT MiA 30WHT i MOR: pYlIKa. TYT H nHwy i cJlyxalO YPOK (lesson). Ue MOR KiMHaTa. TYT MiH criJi. Ue MiA CHiJl,8.lloK. Tyr KaBa A MOJlOKO. A TaM 6YJlKa, M,kJlO, CHp. I IJ.e MOH waq,a. TYT MiA KOCTJOM i MOR: CYKHH . I..l.e MOH wY6a. A Tyr MiA wap¢l i 'Moli wanKa. Ue Tapac i KaTepHHa. SOHH 6paT i cecrpa. KaTepHHa - cryJl.€~HTKa , a Tapac imKeHep. KaTepHHa tHiTae )KYPHaJJ, a Tapac CJIyxae paJl.io. Wri te:
Verb. Conjugat ion 11. Present Tense 10 stand 10 sit to lie
These verbs belong to Conjugat·ion I r.
/ PYllKa Jle)K.HTb.
CTYJl.eHT CroiTb.
In order to find the stem of a Conjugation II verb, the infinitival ending -TK with the vowel in front of it should be dropped. ERESENT TENSE II CTOtO .<
!~It.C~h.b
BOII~ c roiTb 60116 croiTb Mil croi"'o JIll CTOhe BOH» CTORTb
MaKcHM CH)1ifTb i lIHTae. OKc8Ha CH)1HTb i OHllJe. niTll CllJl,HTb i OHllJyTb. 51 CH)1}KY i lIHTalO. MH CH)1HMO i CJIYxaeMO. SpaT Jle>KHTb i cnyxae pa.a.io. ni)1 CHJl,HTb , a )1iTH croHTb. )l(YPHaJl Jle}KHTb TyT. Ba3a T)'T.
a lIaWKH
Ue Barna oapTa? TaK, MOH. BH Tyt CH)1Hre? TaK, II CH)UKY TyT. XTO Lqe (else) TyT CHJl,HTb? Tyr CHIUi:Tb nerpo. XTO lfHTae }KypHaJl? Tapac lIHTae. Bill croirb lin CH)1HTb? Bill CH.ll.HTb. XTO oHllIe 6YKBH? YlilfTeJlb oHwe. BiR CH)1HTb lIH CTOirb? BiH croirb.
X TO CJIyxae yp6K? niTH CJIyxalOTb. BOHH CH.ltHTb lIH croHTb? BOHH CH)11hb. X TO tlHTae TeKCTr Y"lIeHb IIHTae TeKCT. BiH croirb IIH CH.ltHTb? BiH crohb. ne Jle)KHTb pYllKa? BOHa Jle)KHTb Tyr. lle Jle)KaTb 36wHTH? BOHH Jle)f{aTb TaM. KHH)f{Ka Jle)KHTb lIH CTOhb? KHH}KKa Jle}KHTb.
Imperative Mood '!lInTH
lfnraAI Readl
Writel
lfnTaAreJ
nHwltiol
llnTaAMol Let's read!
nHwiMOI
Let's writel
The verbs in the imperat ive mood serve to express a command, request or wish.
"
The intonationa l center is made prominent by a rise of the tone and very energetic articulation of the stressed syllable. The syllables fo llowing the intonational center (if there are any) are pronounced with a fall ing tone. t 4MT3i'iTe\' YPOKI
t nHwiTb\.6YK81t!
t CnYxai'iTe\.TeKCT!
In order to form the imperative, it is necessary to find a common stem wit h the Present Tense and to add the following: 2nd person singular 2nd person plural. 1st person. plural
OnOB I.D;aH HH story [onoBinaHb:a l 3aB)laHHH task [3aB.n3.Hb: al B3YTTH (B3YT":al BlYTTsi footwear 60
In Ukrainian there are short consonants 'and also long ones. The long sounds are somewhat prolonged in pronunciation. Long consonants may be hard or soft. They are indicated in writing by double letters. As a rule nouns in double consonant plus -II (in pronunciation long soft consonant plus (al) are of neuter gender. They take the same form in the plural as in the singular.
Neuter nouns ending in -0 rece ive the -a ending in the plural. Observe the change of stress.
",,6 oiKK6 Micro cn600 (word)
i6nYKO
-1i6.IJyKa
- oM, -O!Klla - Micra - CJlooa
Rea d:
-.:.. - CeJla, siKHa, Micro, CJI0S0 - - CeJlO, s iKHo, MicTa, CJlOBa, S3yTTR ..:... - - R6J1YKO - - - saS1t3HHR - - - ....:... - onosi.naHHfI Ue 6y.nHHOK. TYT WKMa. TYT Haw KJlac. Tyr BiKHa, a TaM .nowKa. A ue KapTa. TyT Micra i cena. Ue MOll: napTa. TyT JlemaTb Mot S6WHTH, KHHmKa H PYllKH. 3apaJ (now) fI ,rIHWY SaB.n3.HHfI. A Tapac nHwe CJIoaa. nOTiM (then) KarepHHa lIHTil€ onoai· .naHHR «516.rJYKa.t. MH cJlYxaeMo. Conjug'ation of the Verbs 3ICumu (to live), p03nosiiJamu (to tell), sliJnosliJamu (to answer) Conjugation I. Pre se nt T ense
, "Bill, Boml
lKRTH
)1(110), )KKBiw )f(Koe
Mil aK OOlllf
)Kllaelll6 )KKlleU )f(H BYTb
)KHHH! )KHBiTbI )KHBIMO!
Rea d: Ue MicTO KHIB. TYT fI mHBY, 51 KHHHHH, Mot 6aTbKo H MaTH Tem )f(HBYTb TYT. A TaM ceJI6. TaM )f(HBe MiH .ni.n. Tapac Tem mHBe TaM. A KaTepHHa mHBe TyT. BOMa KHHHK3 .
Ue TBiH .niM? TaK, TyT fl >KHBy. A .ne )f(HBe TBOH CiM'H? BOHa 're>K >KHSe Tyr.
51 CH.Il.>KY i lIHT<1I0 onoai.n.aHHA. Tapac cJlYxae. n6TiM A p03noai.n.alO. KaTepHHa ai.n.noai.ll.ae YPOK. BOHa p03noai.ll.ae TeKCT. OJIeHa miwe 6YKBH, a OKcaHa nHwe anpasH (exercises). EXERCISES A. Read the following letters:
Aa S6 Ba LI.n Ee €e)l(>K 33 HH Ii I'i fiR KK JIJI MM HH 00 fIn Pp Cc TT Yy ¢l Xx l\u ljq !IlnJ lI\m 1010 51, B. Read (watch your pronunciallon):
[p1
Clip, 6paT, pYllKa, cecTpa, pa.ll.io, napTa, KapTa, pH6a, >KYPHa.n:
c. Group the ....ords according to the stress model:
SpaT, cecrpa, pu6a, cup, p06iTHHK, 83Y'ITA, KapTa, iKypHaJI, iHiKeHep, P3.1l.io, napTa, PYlIKa, wapq" CTOATH, onoBi.ll.aHHH, CH.Il.iTH, CTOIO, CH.Il.>KY, JIe>KaTH, Jle>KY, 33S.ll.aHHH, ypOK, TeKCT, '1UTaR, '1HT3il"te, Bi.ll.nosi.ll.aTH, CTiHTe, CJloao, MiCTa, aiKHa, HMYKO, ceJJa, >KHTH, >KIf BY, >KHBeMO, p03flOai.ll.aTH. D. Group the nouns according to their gender (IJIH., IJOH.a, IJOH.{)):
CHP, 6paT, cecTpa, olloai.ll.aHHA, p06iTHHK, KapTa, >KypHaJl, pil.n.io, iHiKeHep, napTa. PYllK3 , wapq" S3Y'ITH, YPOK, TeKCT. CJlOso. 3aS.Il.aHHA, pii6a. E. Insert the correct pronoun forms: (I) .Mill, .MoR, .MO', .MOl
F. Put the following sentences Into the plural. Mark the stresses: x amp I e: H~wa Jl,O'lK! '1Hra€.
E
H~wi a6'1KH
'1HT~IOTb.
I. Ham 6paT - p06irHHK. 2. Ue rBOe onOBI}l.aHHfI. 3. TXHfI cecrpa - imKeHep. 4. Mil1 CMH limBe TyT. 5. Bame CeJlO raM. 6. Ue MiA: >KypHaJi. 7. T yr iXH€ BiKHO. 8. Hama .llO'l Ka - CTY.lleHTKa. 9. Miii 6paT miwe. lO. TBin 30WHT ne>KHTb ryr. G. Look at the pltlures, make up questions and answer them:
llI,o u.e?
XTO
2
ue? 4
3
.~••
..
(I
r '
- ..
6
5
9
H. Insert the needed pronoun E x amp I e: ... CHJl,aTb • .. BiH
10
(R,
mu,
8
7
IJ
12
8lll-, 80Ha, 8011-6, MU, IJU, 80Hft).
CH..'I,HTb • .
... Ue.Mosi napTa . T yT .. . CHllmy . 2. A ue MaKCUM . ... .,-em CH)V1Tb TyT. 3. A ue OKcaHa . .. . rem CHlliiTb i mi:we. 4. TaM Tapac i KaTepHHa .... Cll)l;HTb i cnYxaJOTb . 5 . .Ue ypbK. ... CHllHMO H CJIYxa€Mo . 6 .... CIID..HTe TyT, a ... CHlliKY TaM. 7. Ue MOe B3YTIH . ... CToiTl.. TYT.8. A ue Ba3a .... croirb TaM. 9. Ue ~HHmKH " ... JlemaTb TaM. 10. Ae· ... CIID..HLl!? I. Insert the COrrect fonn of the verb: (I) AeJICQmU
1. AiD.. ... i '1HTa€.. 2. 36wHTI1 ... Tyr, a pY'lKa ... TaM .. 3. TM .:. , a MH CHD..M MO: 4. Cup ... TyT, a MaCnO ... TaM. 5. BH ... Ii cJlYxa€.Te pa)l; io . 6. H ... i 'IHTalO onoBiD..aHHll. 53
(2) cUdiTu j 'IHTae >KYPHa.rt. 2. niTH ... i CJIyxalOTb YPOK. 3. BpaT ... i miwe 1. BaTbKo 3asAaHHR. 4. BM ... Tyr, a MH ... TaM. 5. 51 ... i DHWY CJIosa i 6YKBH. 6. 1I.e TH ... ?
(3) cmoAmu I. BHKna..a:a'l ..• i P03Doside YPOK . 2. Y1feHb ..• i miwe. 3. Kasa ... TYT, a llawKH
... TaM. 4. TH ... , a H CHA>KY. 5. BH ... TYT, a MH ... TaM. 6. BaSH ... Tyr. J . Look at the pictures, and make up dialogues using the verbs cmoAmu, cut)imu, AeJiCamll:
-
t XTO TyT '" CTOiTb? TYT CTOiTb '" cry..a:eHT .
t lI(o TyY " eTOiTb? TYT CTOITb '...
Ba"a.:.
,
3
2
, 5
6
7
..... 8
K. Insert the correct fonn of the appropriate verb:
cmoAmu. AeJiCtlmu I. lJaWKa ... Tyr, a JlO>KKa ... TaM. 2. 30WHTH ... TyT, a PY'IKa ... TaM. 3, Basa ... . n e ... MOJIOKO. . , 5 . ...... n e ... CHp . . , 6 . ill·a't""' ...• ... TyT, a eT1J1 . TyT, a MaKH ... TaM. 4 . ...... I Macno. ... TaM. 7. WanKa ... Tyr, a wap$ ... TaM. 8. 1I.e ... dpTH? L Open the brackets using the correct verb fonns:
I . BaTbKO (CH..a:iTH) i ('IHTaTM) >KypHaJi. 2. lOuaK (croIlTH)
i (CJIyxaTH) pa..a:lo. 3. niTH (CHlI.iTH) i (CJIyxaTH) YPOK. 4. MM (>KHTlf) TyT, a SOHH (>KHTH) TaM. 5. CTYAeHTlI (nHcaTH) i (lIHniTH). 6. 51 (po3nosill.aTH), a TH (CJIyxaTH). 7. )KypHan (ne>KKam) TaM. 8. 51 (CH..a:iTH), a 6paT (crosiTII), 9. YlIeHHu,R (SiADOsi.ll.aTH) YPOK. 10. ne TH (CHAiTH)? II. XTO (llHTaTlI) >KypHan? 12. XTO (nHcam) CJIosa? - BH (nHCaT").
"
M. Fonn the Imperative mood of the verbs In the brackets. E x amp I e: ('!aTbH) '!'eKCT 4HTali !eKCT! 4IiTaA'!'e '!'eKCT! 4liTaAMO reKCT!
1. (CH.n;iTH) TyTI 2. (CnyxaTU) H (nHcaTH) CJIoaal 3. (Po3noailtilTitH 4. (Bilmoai.n;aTH) YPoKI 5. (JIe>Kanl) i ('1HTaTH) KHH>KKRI 6. (eTOHTH) TaM! N. Look at the pictures and read the text:
In a number of words the same letter presents the sound corresponding to the English g in get; e. g . r911' 3HK (r95IlKJ.
Ukrainian [tl ===Ukrainian [1'1
Ue rHaT.
I..{e faHHa.
Bi H Mill APyr.
BoHa MOil: nO.llpyra. girlfriend
friend
~ ~ raaeTa newspaper
Mara3HH
shop
rYAlHK button 61
Rea d:
-
.
-.a.pyr
-
-
-
-
rY,II,3HK. raHOK
-
-
-
-
nO.D.l!yra
-
rasera
-
MaraSHH
Ue ra3eTa «npaa.a.a, . T)'1' ¢OTO. U,e MCCKM. U,e lJepaoHa JlJIow.a (Red Square). TYT Miff .Il.pyr IBaH CH.Il.0POB. BiH MOCKBH'l. BiH cTY.Il.etlT. A lI.e HonS cecTpa Mawa. BoHa MOst nO.ll.pyra : U.e MiCTO Kiii·a. TYT Mmi aYn HlI.fI i MiA 6Y.ll.HHOK. TyT fI >KliBY. A TaM MaraSHH". ll.e Mara3HH «OARI'» (clothes). A TaM KHHrapHSI (book shop) i Mara3"H «B3YTI'Il:». A lI.e ne Mara3 HH , ue Kio CK (kiosk). Tyr KHH>KKH. ra3e,.H, IKypHK cTYlleHTKa. ll.e Haw rYPTO}f(HTOK (dormitory). TyT >KHSYTb cTYlleHTH. MH Te>K >KHSeMO TyT. A lI.e HaWa KiMH;iTa. TYT SiKHO. T yr CTOhb Haw CTiJl. T YT ne>KaTb Moi SOWHTH H KHH>KKH, pyllKH H rase-rH. A TaM croiTb sa3a H Jle>KKHTb Haw O.ll.flr. H awe sSyTTli Te»< CTOhb TaM.
Wri te:
Conjugation of the V erb
tcynYBamu (to buy)
Conjugation I. Pre s ent Tense KynyaaTH II xynylO MH KynyeMo TH KynyelU BM Kynye~ BiM, BOHa KYllye BOHIi KynYIOTb l(ynylil l(ynyliTe!
Incl uded in Conjugation I is the group of verbs with the suffix -yaa (KynyaaTH). To form the Present Tense of such verbs it is necessary to drop -BaTH from the infi nitive form and add the needed personal ending. Rea d: -
-
-
KynyfO, Kyny€W , Kyny€, KynyfOTb, KynyHTe
-
-
-
-
Kyn yeMo, Kynyere
-
-
-
-
Kynysam
U,e Mara3HH «MOJIOKO, . TYT Sf KynylO MonoKo, a TH Kyny€Ul CHP i Macno. A ue KHHrap HII. T YT crY.ll.eHTH KynylOTb KHH>KKH. A MH KynY€MO »
68
Ue yuiaepM
Ue MOll n6apyra. Ue it 6paT.
Ue MiA lIpyr.
Ue Aoro 6paT.
LlH i1 ue 6paT? LJHR ue cecrpa?
Ue i~ cecrpa. Ue MiCTO. Ue II lIiTH.
Ue Aoro cec1'pti. Ue Aor6 Micro. Ue Aoro niTH.
Lj'H E ue Micro? LId ue aiTH?
!1
Pronouns iJoeO (his) and Ii (her) do not take the number or gender of the noun they modify. Rea d:
- - Horo, Ii -
-
-
-
X TO Tyr CH.Il.HTb? MiH .Il.py r ne-rpo. Ue Horo 30WHTH? Ta K, Hor6. A XTO CH.Il.HTb TaM? TaM CH.Il.HTb raHHa. Ue 11 PYllKa? Hi, ue MOH pY'fKa.
- The soft consonant In~ 1 differs from the hard [n] in that the tongue is raised to the roof of the mouth, its tip lowered to the bottom teeth, with the front part of the tongue touching the teethridge. The English consonant III is intermediate between Ukrainian hard In! and soft IJI"]. Ukrainian [nl Ukrainian [11"[ 69
Jlixap
Y'lHTeJlb
KpeMJlb
doctor
school teacher
Kremlin
naJlbTO
JlilKKO
bed y
Interchange of Initial
coat
with (J
In a number of words the initial y is changed into I83H -
Y'IHrenb.
BiH Y'IHTeJlb.
yB -
neTp6 -
B.
B'IHTeJlb.
BoHi B'IHTeJlbK8.
is used at the beginning of the sentence or if the preceding word ends in a can· sonant; is used if the preceding word ends in a vowel. Rea d: -..:... XJI i6
4. BH iH)f{eHepH. BH .11IOOHTe Baw SaBO,ll;, 5. ISaH mOOHTb Micro, a nerpo .m06HTb ce.no. 6. OJleHa JlIOOHTb MJIYKa. a KaTepHHa mOOHTb KaByHH, TH .11IOOHW MOJlOKO? TaK, 11 JlI06,lIlo MOJlOKO. A DH .11IOOHTe MOJIOKO? Hi, He Jl106.11IO. JltOOKTH
+ infinitive
I
I. 51 JII06.nIO IIHTBTH, a nerp6 .11lOOHTb CJIYxaTH. 2. ,UiTH JllOOJIRTb CJIyxaTH onosi· ,ll;aHHR. 3. BH .11IOOHTe 'IHTaTH, a MH JIJOOHMO nHCaTH. 4. BiH .11JOOHTb Jle>K8.TB A qHTaTH r33e-rH . 5. TH JltOOHW IIHTaTH )f{YPHaJIH, 3 BOHa JIi06HTb "HTaTH KHH}f{KH. EXERCISES A.. R.ead and learn the Ukrainian alphabet:
Aa 66 Bs fr .lln. Ee €e )10K 33 Yin Ii 11 AA KK Jln MM HH 00 IIn Pp Cc TT Yy 4l XX U.U 4'1 Uhu I.Uut IOto 51R b (M'RKHA SHaK)
8. Read (watth you r pronunciation):
Ir] (rJ
rasfTa, MarasHH, .npyr, rIOll,pyra, O.!1.f!f, KHHrapHfI, racrpoHoM, rypro>KIlTOK, faJlHHa, faHHa, fuaT, Horo, rY.nSHK, raKoK [II*'J Y'lHTeJIb, JliKap, nallbT6, )l(JliCi, Y'HfTeJlbKa, Jli>KKO, BaCHJ1b, poo.IUO, POOJlHTb, mooJIIO, JIlOO.JlRTb C. Group the words according to the stress model:
/
/
llpyr, JlOOJJlO, ryAsHK, naJlbTo. nOll.pyra. XJliCi, raHOK, Jl i>KKO, HOro, pOCiJIIO, pOOHMO, poCiwre, ra3eTB, MaraSHH, Kyn ylO, Kyny€MO, YHisepMar, rypTO>KHTOK, o.nHr, JliKap, POOHW, faUHa, n, BaCHJlb, raCTpo"OM, JJ100HTb, JlIOOH're. D. Group the nouns according to their gender( dn, BONa, 80NO):
fa 3eTa, nOll,pyra, naJlbTO, KHHnlpml, BaCHJlb, XJliCi, JlI}f{KO, Mara3HH, Y'lHTeJlb, Y'lH.TeJlbKa, .npyr, rY.ll3HK. E. Insert the needed pronoun 40z6 or
n.
E x amp Ie: Ue iB!iH. TYT ... AiM. Ue Idu. Tyr il.or6 JliM.
l. Ue MHK6JIa.. TYT ... AiM. 2. Ue leaH. Ue ... KHIHKKH. 3. Ue OKciHa. TYT ." 6paT. 4. Ue MaKcHM. TYT ... KiMHaTa. 5. Ue faHHa. A TaM ... cecTpa. 6. Ue faJJlfHa. Tyr ... 30WHTH. 7. Ue fHaT. TaM ... .ninl. 8. Ue BaCHJTb. LJ.e ... CHH. F. Insert the correct form ollhe needed pronoun: Mill, TBill, 4006, 11,
ItIUti.
8aw, txlt14
I. naBJlO Kyny€ KHH>KKH. Ue ... KHH>KKH. 2. OKCaHa H Tapac KynylOTb O.nHf. Ue ... O.ll,Rr. 3. Miii .npyr limBe TyT. Ue ... 6y.nHHOK. 4. Molt rIo.npyra >KHBe TaM. Ue ... KiMHaTa.5. TyT MH >KHBeMo. Ue ... .niM. 6. 51 >KHBY TYT. Ue ... ce.Jl6. 7. fHaT Kynye ra3fTH: lie ... ra3fTH. 8. TH Kynyew SOWHTH. Ue ... S6WHTH. 9. BH mOOHTe KH"iB. Ue ... Micro. 10. faHHa mOCiHTb 'IHT3.TH. IJ,e ... >KypHaJiH. G. Look at the pictures, make up questions and answer them:
XTO u.e?
IlI,o ue? 2
3
73
•
6
8
7
9
H. Insert the needed word: y"fJmeA!:. or y"ftmeAIII(.(l. Observe the interchange 01 Initial y with 6:
I. MiA 6aTbKO .... 2. Moli cecTpa rem .... 3. MiA 6paT .... 4. ll.e Baw .... 5. Bawa , Tyr. 6. Mll}{oJia - .... 7. l..hul: ue ... ? I. Insert the correct lonn of the verb:
(I) "ynyttamu
1. Min Apyr ... KHIOKKH. 2. 51 30UHlTH. 3. raJllfH3 ... PYllKH. 4. MH '" 6)].Hr. BH ... B3YTTH. 6. niTH ... )KYPH
1. 51 ... KHi'B. 2. nerp6 ... Haw cra.nioH. 3. BaTbKO ... miwe CeJlo. 4. Cecrpa ... Haw C8A. 5. Tll ... M0J10KO, a .npyr ... miBo. 6. Jl.iTH ... Haw MY3el1. 7. Bll •.. miwe MicTO. 8. SpaT ... Haw AiM. J. Make up questions and answer them using the following sentences. Example: lJ.c Kili •. Bit /' .lliOCiHre }Cliis? - ), TaK. JI J1YlKc JlI06J11o '\. KHiB. o
_
I. Ue Micro. 2. lJ,e onoBi.rr.aHHH. 3. ll,e KHH)KKH. 4. Ue CeJiO. 5. Ue MOJIOKO. 6. L.J.e Ka· BYHH. K. Make up questions and answer them in the negative. E x amp I e: na..,o ""00HTb 'lHTiTH. naBJIo
L Make up questions for the verbs. (I) E J[ amp I e: Bill nMwe. lll,o Bill p66I1Tb?
1. MH lIHTaeMO TeKCT. 2. 811 cJlyxa€Te pa.a.io. 3. BiR mi.we 6YKBH . 4. Balla p03noBi.lla€ onoBi.llaHllfi. 5. 51 KynylO KOCTIOM. 6. Til Kyny€U1 naJlbTo. 7. BOHM 1I11TaiOTb >KYPHaJl. (2) E J[ amp I e: Tapac nMwe.
t W.O p661ITb \c Tapac? t lll,o Bill \i POOIITb?
1. MbH Kyn y€ MOJlOKO. 2. BaTbKO Kynye xJli6. 3. D.iBlIHHa Kynye KHH>KKH. 4. lOHaK Kyny€ >Kypm1J1H. 5. ,UiTH KynylOTb 30WHTH. 6. .lli.ll CJIyxa€ panio. 7. Ba6a qHTa€ ra3enf. 8. CTy.a.eHTH cJlyxalOTb YPO.K. M. Look at the pictures and make up dialogues as shown in the example;
t llI.o BiH '-.,. pOOHTb? BiH Kynye '-.,. KHH>KKH.
2
3
4
8
5
N. Look at the pictures and read the text:
51
51 CTy.a.eHT. Lte MiA rYPTO)KHTOK. rem >KHBY TyT.
Tyr >KHBYTb CTY.lleHTH.
75
Ue Hama KiMHaTa. TYT >KHBeM6 MH: naBJlO, BaCHJlb i 11:. naBJlO - MiA .Il.pyr. BaCHJlb Te}K MiA .ll.pyr. naBJlo A BaCHJl b Te}K cTY.ll.eHTH. 3apas (now) naBJlo JlelKHTb i 1fHTae, a BaCHJlb CH,!lHTb i mime.
A ue MO.R rlo.ll.pyra faRHa. BORa TeIK crY.ll.eHTKa. U.e Ii KiM' UaTa. TYT CTohb "ii criJl. TYT Jle>KaTb "ii SOWHTH H KHH>KKH. 3apa3 faHHa
U.e HaWe Ka~. 3apas cHi.n:aHoK . TYT CH.n.RTb CTy.neHTH. A ue Haw BHKJl8)l.a
U.e Haw KlOCK. TYT MH KynyeMo rase-rH A >KYPHamt. 3apa3 fI KynylO KOHsePT (envelope), JlHCTisKH (postcards) Ii ra3i!TY .npaslta:t. TYT cpoTO. U.e MOCKBa. lle 4 epB6Ha nn6lll3.. TYT KpeMJlb.
A ue MaraS"H. TYT SI KynylO KHH>KKH H 30WHTH. Ue HaWa BIlKJla)l.aQKa. Boua Te>K Kynye KHH}KJ{H.
O. Look at the pictures above and describe what you see. P. Read the new words from the lesson;
The soft consonant (pb) differs from the hard [pI in that the middle part of the ton· gue is raised to the roof of the mouth. The entire tongue is thrust forward in comparison with the hard (p). The lips are spread apart and tip of the tongue vibrates.
Rea d:
-TapiJlKa '" -
-
-'--
[pI PYKaTb Hi>K i BH.n.MKa. Tyr XJIi6, 6YJlKa, MaCJIO, a TaM CHp. TaM cTOiTb lIawKa. TaM LJaK (tea). Ue Micro KinB. Tyr Ca.Ll.H it napKH . TaM SaB6.n.H, WROJlH, 6y.n.HHKH. A TyT piqKa. l.J.e ){Hlnpo (Dnieper). TYT MicT (bridge). 51 m06;no Moe MicTO. 51 JII06.IlIO KHi'B i .llHinpo. Noun. Plural Form Singular
Plural
Y'lHTe.l!b -
Y'IKTC.I!i
nJlam
nJlaLUi
-
77
Nouns of the masculine gender that end in a soft consonant (spelled with the soft sign -10 at the end) as well as nouns ending in )1(, 'I, W, W. form their plura l by the en· ding -I. nJla11\ - nJlawi yqeH b - yqHi oJliBeUb - OJliBU! criJl eub - criJlbUi .D.eHb -.D.Hi Observe that in the pllolra i form masculine nouns in -eHb, -eUb omit the vowel ·e. Singular CYKIlIi -
Plural CYKIII
MOw.a - fJJIom.1
Nouns of the feminine gender that end in ~H with the preceding soft consonant or in -a with the preceding lK, 'I, W, 11\ also form the plural by the ending -I. ByJllIUR - ByJlHui yqeHHUR - Y'IeHHui
KHHr1ipmt - KHHr11pHi nJloma - nJl6m! ,~
Singular
Plural MY3~1l. - MY3H dM'.A - ciM'j
The plural of masculine nouns that end in -li: and feminine nouns that end in with the preceding hard consonant or vowel are formed with the ending -i.
- Sf
BO.D.iH - BO.D.ii Singular CTYACHT CTY.!ICI!TKa
I
I
Plural
I Endings .,
CTYACHTH cTYAeHTKH
Y'leHb Y'IeHliulI nnaut nnow,a
y'IH I Y'IeHHul nnaw,f nnoll(l
·1
MY3ell. dM'1i eKcKypcill
MY3H ciM'i eKCKYlX=ii
·r
Micro
I
Mien
I
..
R e 3 d (observe the criJlCu.b - criJlbUi OJliBeUb - OJliBUi nJl3Ul - nJiaUli TOBapHw - TOB3pHwi BHKJlallali - BHKJl3.D.alli My3eH - MY3eY JliKap - JliKapi
There is a group of verbs with the particle -CR. This particle foll ows the personal endings. In the 1st person singular and in the 1st and the 2nd persons plural it may have the form -Cb. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the personal endi ngs in the 3rd persons singular and plural. The verb Y'lHTHCJI belongs to those words in which the initial y changes into B (see Lesson 7). Rea d: - B'IyCb, B'IHCb - - B'IyCR, B'IHWCR, B'IHTbCfI, B'IaTbCfI ,
51 CTY.l1.eHT. lJ.e Mii't iHCTHTYT. Tyr R B'IYCR. 51 J]}oruuo B'IJ{rHCfI. Mii't .npyr rem Y'IllTbCR. BiH rem JJ10011Tb Y'IHnfcR. MiA (ipaT yme He B'IHTbCR. BiH iH>KeHep. MOl cecrPH B'I3rbCJI. BOH" cry.n.eHTKH. - TBiA (ipaT y'IHTbCfI? - lJ.e Balli iHCTHTYT? - TaK, MH TyT Y'IHMOCb. - TaK, BiH CTy.n.eHT. - A .ne B'IHTbCR BallIa cecrpa? A TH Tem YllHllICflr - BOHa He B'IHTbCR. BOHa JliKap. - TaK, R Y'IeHb. Conjugation of the Verb npau,lOsamu (to work)
Conjugation I. Present Ten se npalJ.lOloiTH npaulbto MM npau.oeMO TH npauJbew BI! npau.oeTe aiM, 80Ha npauJbe 80HIi npautOlOTloo OpautOil.1 npautOArel $I
This verb belongs to the same group as the verb Kynyodmu (see Lesson 7). 79
Adverbs iJ06pe (well) and nozaHO (badly) . ' jhOW) npa L\JOe Tapac? Tap c npautbe A6Cipe (well). Tapac .ll.66pe npa!{rOe. A66pe
Adverbs answering the question RK? (how?) may precede t he verb or follow it.
Rea d: -RK
.-:.. -
noraHO, npaulOlO, npaUK>€W, npaUK>€, npaUlOlOTb
-
.- --
-
npaUfQ€MO, npaUiO€Te
-
-
-
npaWOBaTU
-
-
n.oCipe
-
BH npaiJJO€Te? TaK, H npawOlO i BqyCb. XTO Bll? 51 poCiiTHHI< j cTy.n;eHT. Bawa JlPYlKHHa (wife) Te>K H i , BOHa npawbe. XTO BOHa? BOHa JlIKap. A n.ITIt SdTbCH? TaI<, jqaTbcH. HI< HI< 51K HI< HI< 51 K 51K 51K
nHwe OJleHa? nHwe IsaH? TH '111T3ew? Tit nHwew? npawbe rHaT? npaulO€ l BaH? yqaTbCH n.hu? BU B'IUTecb?
Til npaulO€w 'Ill S'IHWCfI? 51 StJyCb. TBosl CeCTpa 'reM( YlJ.llTbCR? TaK , MH S'I HMOCR pa30M (together). TBiM t53TbKO npawOe? TaK, Bi H iH>KeHep. A AiA? BiH He npawO€. A MaTH npamO€? TaI<, SOHa B'IlfTeJJbKa.
BOHa miwe n.oope. BiH nHwe nor aHa. 51 '1I1TalO n.66pe. 51 nHwy noniHo. BiH npawOe JJ.66pe. BiH npaiJJO€ nor aHa. BOHH S'IaTbCR ,noope. 51 S'lyCb n.66pe.
A "" MAK,CfiM. 8 "" om~HA
A:
~06pHJJ.eHb!
(Good dayl)
B: noCip HAeHbl A: SlK BK lKHBeTe? (How are you?) B: ~HKYfO Ao6pe. (Fine, thank you). A BH? A: nslKYlO, Te>K .Il.oope.
B: Bu B'IHTecb? A: Hi, R B}I(,e (already) He B'IyCb. 51 npawOlO. B: Xro BH? A: .SI JJ IKap. B: A BaWa n.pY>KHHa 3apaS npawbe? A: H i, BOHa BlJ.HTbCR. BOHa crYD.eHTKa.
B: ll.e AY>Ke .Il.oope. A fiR yqHTbCH BaWa D.O'l Ka?
."
BOHa .n66pe nHwe. BiH nonlHo nHwe. 51 n.oope 'IIiTalO. 51 nOraHO nHillY. BiH ,n.oope npawbe. BiH noraHO nparube. BOHH n.66pe B'IaTbCfI . 51 n.66pe S"IYCH.
A: 'uHKYIO, BOHa BlfHTbC1I lI,Mp·e. Bawa lI,OIfKa B>Ke YlfeHHI.(H? B: TaK. BOHa Tem YlIHTbCH lI,66pe. A CUH llI,e (as of yet) He BlfHTbCH. A: A BH nparuOeTe? B: Hi, 11 He npal.(lOlO. A: A Baw 1f000oBix (husband) npawbe. IfH BIfHTbC1I? B: BiH npauK>e i BlIHTbCSI. A: 5h >KHBYTb Bawi 6aTbXH (parents)? B: 'uHKYIO, lI,66pe. BOHH S>Ke He npaUJOIOTb. BOHIi neHcioHepH (pensioners). Conjugation of the Verb P03.M06AAmu (to speak) Conjugation I. Present Tense proMOlJUiTM H P03MOBJlRIO m p03MOBJllielU OiH, BO H ' p03MOBJllie
Derp6 - yxpatHell.b. BiH P03MOBJIH€ n~yxpatHcbKH. Petro is a Ukrainian. He speaks Ukrainian. ISaH - pocisiHHH (Russian). .Q>KOH - xaUaAell.b (Canadian). MaHKJI - aHrJJiell.b (Englishman).
BiH P03MOBJIII€ n~pociAcbKH (Russian) . Biu P03MOBJUi€ n~aUrJJiKCbKH (English). Bin P03MOBJlsI€ no-aHrniitCbKH (English) .
Bu BlIH"Tecb? TaK, H CTYAeuT. Bu P03MOBJIsI€Te no·aHfJliHCbKH? TaK, H TpOXH \a little) p03MoBmilO. Jl.Y.)I(e npH€Muo? (Very nice!) 51 - 'u>KOH. A u;e MOl'i: lI.PY>KHHa .Q>KeiiH. 'uY>Ke npU€MHOI 51 - Tapac. 5J YKpalHeub. A BH KaHa,ll,l.(i lIll. aHfJliAui? MH KaHa.a.ui. MH lI.66pe p03MOBJJsIEMO no-aHfJliAcbKH i Tp6xll. nO-YKpaincbKll.. Mepi P03MOBJlsI€ nO-YKpalHcbKu A66pe, a 11 nOfaHO. Bawi 6aTbKH p03MOBJJsIlOTb nO-YKpalHCbKll.? TaK. MiA 6aTbKo - YKpaiueub. BiH Aoope P03MOBJIHe, Ifll.Tae i mime nO'YKpafHCbKH. A Bawi AiT" Te>K P03MOBJlsIlOTb nO-YKpaiHcbKll.? TaK, BOHK AY>Ke Aq6pe P03MOBJlHKYI'b i Ifll.TafQTb no-yxpaiHcbKH. A XTO Ixui BIIHTeJli? Haw 6aTbKO, 'u>KeHH i H.
Word Combination 6yo&
ltaCKO
- lUATe, CiYJU> ;'IaCKa, sOWHTI -
BYAb ;'IaCKa.
-
)1fiKYIOI
- BYlI.b ;'lOcKa. - Bli6a'l're! - BYlI.b naCKa.
- Give me the notebook, pleasel - Here you are. - Thank youl - Don't mention it. - Excuse mel - You are welcome.
The Ukrainian 6yiJb AacKll is not only used as a polite form of request, but it is also the polite form of answering. These two words fuse in pronunciation with the stress on the second word. Excuse me please ... - t BH6atlTe, 6YAb "'" micKa ... Tell me please ... - t CKalfdTb, 6YAb "'" micKa ... These word combinations are pronounced with an intonation similar to questions having an interrogative word: the first stressed syllable is made prominent owing to an energetic rise in articulation; the following syllables are pronounced with a fall in inter nation. Rea d: .:...- -ABAte - ~ CKa>KiTb ~-
nHinp6, Micr, pillK3 , MieTO •. KHHrapHR . llOJlOBiK, 8e·u~pSl, aHrJlieu,b, npiJIKa , YKpalHeUb, YKpafHa, rore.nb , ceJlO, ll.PY>KHHa, naJlbTO, neuciOHep. D. Fonn the plural of th e following nou ns. Mark the stresses. E x amp I e: CTyAeHT - CTYAllIfrH
1. lle ... Baw 6aTbKo? 2. TH sapa3 ... ? - Hi, H He .... 3. MOH 6a6a He .... 4. MOl apY3i Jloope .... 5. s:IK BH ... ? MH ... A66pe. (2) y",UmucR 1. ·Mill CHH ... Jloope. 2. MOll AOtlKa Tem ... l166pe . 3. MH 3apa3 He ... , a npatUbeMo. 4. TyT ... MOH cecrpa. 5. TH 3apa3 ... ? - TaK, fI .... 6. BII ... l166pe? - TaK. (3) p03.Moullmu 1. H TpOXH ". no-aHrJliHCbKH. 2. lliKOH nOraHO ... nO-YKpatucbKH, 3. MOll no.n.pyra He ... no-aHrJl iHcbKH. 4. KaHa.a.ui l166pe ..• nO-YKpaIHcbKH. 5. BH •.. no-aHrJliikbKH. 6. MH Jloope ... no-pociHCbKH. I. Make up questions and answer them as shown In the example. E x amp Ie: IUK miwe. - t 51K mtwe \. IB6H? Idn n"we \. .!I.66pe (nOraHO).
1. CecTpa "IUTae. 2. MaTH P03MOBJlll€ no-aHrJliHCbKIf. 3. SpaT Y'lHTbCH. 4. llpysi npawOlOTb. 5. BHKJlaAa'l P03110Bi.n.ae. 6. ,UiTH CJlyxalOTb onoBi.n.iiHHfI. J. Insert the proper word in its correct fonn. Observe the interchange of the initial letters: (I) y",l1mucR, B",UmuCR
Open the brackets, using the correct form of the verb:
l. 51 .noope (p03MOBJIlITlf) nO-YKpaiHcbKH. 2. Min !SpaT Y>Ke (npaUlOaaTH), a
fI me (BtniTHcH). 3. Ba6a {po3noBi.naTH}, a .niTH (CJJYxaTlf). 4. MH (CH.niTH) i (p03MOBJHlTH) nO-YKpaI HcbKH. 5. MaKcHM (KynYBaTH) llJIaw., a OJIeHa H Tapac (KynYBaTlI) naJIbTa. 6. 51 (C".nlTH) i (nHcam) TeKCT. 7. ,Ui.n. (JIe>KiITH) i (II"TaTH) >KypHaJI. 8. 51 (JU06lfTH) npawosaTH. 9. MH (JII06HTH) CJlyxaTH pa.nio. to. CTy.n.eHTH .n.oope (posMOSJIlhH) noYKpaiHcbKH.
L fonn the Imperative of the verbs In the brackets: (qumamll) qumalJmel
l. (POSMOBJIRTM) nO-YKpatHcbKH! 2. (npaWOBaTH) i (BIUfTHCH) n.66pe! 3. (KynYBaTH) KllH>KKHI 4. (CnyxaTH) pan.io! 5. (JlOOHTH) aipwi! M. Answer the following questions:
I. BH npal..l)b€Te? 2. BH B'IHT&b? 3. XTO BM? 4. XTO Baw 6.iiTbKO? 5. Xro Bawa MaTH? 6. Baw .nill npall,lbe? 7. Bawa 6Ma npawb€? 8. Bll YKpatHeUb? 9. BH ~03MOB JlHeTe nO-YKpafHcbKM? 10. BM IIHTaeTe nO-YKpaiHcbKH? II. BH nHwere nO-YKpa!HCbKI~ ? 12. Bawi 6aTbKH P03MOBJIlllOTb nO-YKpaiHcbKH? 13. BH POSM08Jui:eTe nO-aHfJliAcbKH? 14. BH P03MOBJlReTe no-pociHCbKH? 15. Bawl .npY3i POSMOBJIlllOTb nO-YKpa1'HcbKH? N. Look al the pictures and read the text:
\0. Look at the pictures above and describe what you see. P. Look at the pictures below and read the text;
51 TYPHCT (tourist). 51 51 iHiKeHep.
iHo~Meu.b
(foreigner).
.51 KaHa,n,eu.b.
A ue Mali .nPY}KHHa D.}Kei1H. BOHa Te}K KaHa.ll.Ka (Canadian f), BOHa B'!HTeJlbKa, BOHa Jtoope POSMOBJIlie nO-YKpalHcbKH. 3apa3 aoua TYPHCTKa (tourist f).
Ue Micro KH'ia. TYT Haw rOTenb (hotel) «,UHinpo:t. A TaM BYnHUfi Xpew.aTHK, TaM Mara3"HH, peCTopaHH (restaurants), Kacj>e, 3apa3 MH TYT mHBeMo.
ll.e Haw ri.a. (guide). Biu YKpafHeu.b. BiH .noope P03MoBJUie no-aHrnHkbKH. BiH KHHHHU. BiH .nY}Ke nJOOlITb KH'is.
R.eview LESSON 9 Ukrainian Vowels , Tl:1ere are 6 simple vowel sounds in Ukrainian: lal, [01, Iyl, IHI, til and leI. In cant· rast to English, where there are both long and short vowels, all the Ukrainian vowels do not fall into such divisions. In unstressed syllables the Ukrainian vowels are pronounced rather distinctly. Ukrainian vowels are classified according to the position of the body of the tongue and according to the he ight of the raised part of the tongue. UKRAINIA N VOWELS Horizontal position of the tongue
II
/I
~
Height 01 the raised part of the tongue
--Front
~
High
I
Middle
I
Low
I
.
fj
~----.:\ , ,
~
~
Mixed
",ok
fir [.[
['I
I
I
I
I
[.[
. .
\
[y[
[oJ
I
Not e. The Ukralman vowels e. N. 0 In unstressed posliton often resemb le other vowe ls ciation. namely: I) unstressed e is pronounced like M: cell6 [ceHno] (village); 2) ultStressed .. resemb les e: 8iH )KH8e ()KH e8el (he lives); 3) unstressed 0 is pronounced sometimes like y: fOJlY<>K3 (roY lIy6Ka) (dove).
In
pronun·
89
lotlzed Vowel Letters Each of the letters H,IO, € and i indicate two sounds (Hal, (HY ], (Hel, (Hil respectively at the beginning of a word or after a vowel.
I
Sound
Letter
o.
1"1 'yl
JO~
€ , I I
[Ael IAi l
I
Example H6JiYKO apple IOHiiK young man €sr~H man's name - Yevhen !"xHii!: their
.
If the above letters fo llow a consonant it means that the precedmg consonant
is soft. In such cases, the letters H, to and e indicate one sound: (aI , (yl , (e!. ,Il,H)l,bKO SyJlHUR mOO.
()l,bb"KO] [sYJlHU"a] [T"YTbYH)
uncle street tobacco
Apostrophe Each of the iotized vowels H, 10 and e after a consonant may indicate two sounds [Ha), (Hyl, [He!. In such cases the apostrophe (') is used in wr iting after a consonant. The apostrophe is used ma inly after consonants M, Bt n and 6, M'nCO o'~ 0"
[MAiiCO)
[nAyl [mle)
meat (I) drink (he) drinks
Ukrainian Consonants Ukrain ian consonant sounds are classified according to the organs of articulation and manner of articulat ion. UKRAINIAN CONSONANTS
According to the organ of articulation
According to the manner of articula· tion
'S
. ~
I
I
Hard
11611'11'1 I
Hard
I
50ft
I
v
~
Bilabial
50ft
1l
>
Labial Labiodental
Dental
I
I
~
Inl 1<1>1
la) [B IIHI [Jl I [pi
I
[T) [cllL\1
I
[TbJ [c"J lL\"1
c
• '" ~
I Alvoola I
I
M'dl' I \ Backlin1 mgua , gual
Ilml I3+<:I I
I I I Irl IKJ 11'1
I [wll'!l I
I
I
I
kll"11 il'II.'1 In'l ["II
101
"
Lingual
I
1' 1
1' 1
I I
Soft Consonants One of the most typical peculiarities of the Ukrainian consonants is their softness. The pronuncia tion of soft consonants differs from that of hard consonants in that the middle part of the tongue is raised to the soft palate when we pronounce these sounds. Softness is in dicated in writing by: 1) the soft sign (b) which may follow seven consonants A, T, C, 3, lJ" "and n
.' ~
JVlAbKO
WiCTb
" 6Jr63bKO "" criJu!1I,h "'" .a.eKb "" Y'lIiTe.nb
2) the vowels
A, 10
d,y
teacher
and e fo llowing the consonant lAb) io [T / [Hiol
"""", nicHIi
~"g
[c~1
00,",
[ 3'[
,ll.l\:Kyaam
10 thank tobacco
43 IO P'lllTH
here to ripple
(11,101
BY-JUUOI
street
1
JIIo(\lin! PM
10 Jove
[11
10
[pbl
:t
uncle six whole near chair
before .the vowel I all the Ukrainian consonants, to a more or less degree, become
softer. Long Consonants In contrast to English, the Ukrainian language has long consonants. These sounds are indicated in writing by double letters. Long consonants may be hard or soft: 3a8. iJdHHJl 13aSJUlH b :al (task), rdHHa Iraw al (woman's name). When pronouncing the long consonants you shou ld extend them a little. [,",[
(A":l IC~; J [S~:I
['1 10 :1
)KH'l'TJ'i CYAAJ'i 6OJI6ccl! rallY331! cmpi'lu
life judge hair branches century
[HIo;1
onofli)t3HHJI
[II": )
secfllllll
(1.(10:1
Mil.(UIO
1)K~:1
Y3i5epe)K)KJI ni.!l4awwJl
Iwb:)
story wedding strenl!th coast rord1
Voiced and Voiceless Consonants All consonants are divided into voiced and voiceless, depend!n!! 1111011 wltd hrr they are pronounced wit h a resonance of the voice or without it. Till' p(l.~ilioll of thr organs of speech is the same for both voiced and voiceless consonants. Bul Iht, vuit:c less sound
"
is pronounced with the vocal cords kept apart. The vo iced consonant is pronounced with the voca l cords drawn together and vibrating. Voiceless
I
Voiced
101 Irl 1'1
101 1·1 1'1 IT) [T"I (T" :)
IIlI {1l"J {1l":1
1'1 Iwl
lalCl
{cl (chi (cb:1
(3~13" II S": 1
I~I
[ul [ubi
I 11th Stress In Ukrainian, as in English, the word stress is dynamic. The stressed syllable in the words is heard more dist inctl y. The position of the word stress is not fixed for all words. There are words with the stress on the first sy llable, on the last syll able or on any sy llable in the middle of the word. That is why the place of the st ress in the words of two or more syll ables should be carefully stu died. Besides this, the Ukrainian word stress may change its place in the word when the latter undergoes different changes i. e. takes plural form s, personal forms. etc.: CHH - CHH H minKa- mlnKH
nHWY - n"wew p06HTH - P06/110
Intonat ion There are several types of intonation in Ukrainian. Intonation is a very complex phenomenon which may be def ined as a unity of speech melody, sentence stress and tempo of speech. Each type of intonat ion has its own peculiarities. The correct use of a certain type of intonation is very important in conversa tion. It helps the speaker to express not on ly the meaning of the sentence but his emotions as well. This course presents the major types of intonation. MAIN TYPES OF INTONATION
J. Declarative sentence Ue ",iA\'Apyr. Ue\. iHcTHTYT.
Intona tion of a lu ll stop is characieriled by a gradual fal l 01 tone.
The interrogative word in this question is made prominent due to the more energetic stress and a slight rise of lone. The ne xt syllables are pronounced at a low pitch.
In contrast to the special question, the interrogative word is pronounced here with a considerable rise of tone. The nex l syllables are pronounced at the same high level. The last stressed syllable is pronounced with a fall of lone.
--
92
4. General question Ue/,TBiil: Jl.pyr? Ue)"iHcTHTy-r? Ue)"soKa? TaK.
The stressed syllable of the most important word in the general question is pronounced with a considerable rise of tone. The next syllables are pronounced at 1\ low pitch.
In such questions the stressed syllable of the most important word is pronounced at a low fitch. The oext syllables are pronounced with a gradual rise 0 tone.
EXERCISES 1. R.ead: Micro MKK6.na
Ue Haw AiM. Tyr MOH KiMHaTa. Ue Hawi Me6J1i: CTiJJ, CT iJleUb, JliiKKO, wa¢la. 3apa3 TyT MiA CllH MHKOJJa A MiA Jl.iJl. laaH. BOHH p03MOaJlHlOTb. -
1. Ue MO€ M... CTO K. .....B. 2. Tyr p ... lIKa 'uH ... npo. 3. TYT M..• CT. 4. T aM ayJJ ... UH XpemaT ... K. 5. TaM M... A JI. .. . M. 6. Ue MO€ B... KHO. 7. Tyr MOR K... MHaTa. 8. T YT CT ... JJ i CT ... JleUb. 9. TaM wa¢a A JI ... iKKO. 10. 51 ... HiKeHep. 11. Ue M... A C... H. 12. B ... u CTYAeHT. 13. Ue HOro ... HCTHTyr. 14. Ue Haw YH ... Bepc ... TeT. 15. M ... ft 6aTbKO B"I ... TeJib. 16. A M... H A...A-Jl ... Kap. 111. Read: saB6n CTYAeHT
MH TypHCTH. 51 CTyAeHT. A ue MiH )tpyr CrenaH i MOS! nOJl.pyra KarepHHa. 3apa3 Mil lIHTa€MO ra3eTH. CrenaH lIHTae onoBi)taHHfl «,Upy3i». nOTiM MH cJlyxa€MO pa,n,io. A u.e pi"lKa ,UHinpo. Tyr ceJJo. TaM Hawa xaTa. TaM iKHBe MOfi ceCTpa HaTaJlKa. BOHa BlIHTeJlbKa. IV. Write: Ue Mili ... pyr. Ue Mili Apyr.
I. lJ,e MiA ... pyr ... apac. 2. BiH c ... y ... eHT. 3 . BiH nHwe 3aB ... aHHJI. 4. 3apa3 aiH
V. Read: ;tiA
Aim
CTin
crofTb
Ue KiMHaTa. Tyr Tapac i IOpKO nHmyTb SaB,LtaHHR. 11.e CTiJJ. Tyr CTOlTb qKrro. Tapao i IOpKO P03MOBJIRlOTb. - XTO ue? - Ue Min ,LtR,IlbKO CrenaR. - XTO BiR? - BiH ylHlTeJJb. - A u.e XTO? - Ue MaR TiTKa TeTRHa. BOHa niKap. A ue i'xHi ,LtiTa. - lila BOHR po6nRTb? - BOHR 3apas YllaTbCR. - BOHU CTy.neHTU? - TaK, BOHR CTy,LteHTH. VI. Write:
Ue Ue I. lJ.e
celIO.
Tyr
",HBy••• b
NIA: •.• il4. NiA: .IliN.
NO"! ... ""bKO A ... iTK'. 2. lJ.e illKon •. Tyr Y"' ... bCR Noi
... jnr. 3. Ue Mil1 ... in. Tyr floro KiMHaTa. Tyr JlbKKO. c .. .iJl i c ... iJleUb. 4. CKa>Ki. .. b,
6y .. :b JlaCKa ,
,Ile
VIL Read:
MaraSRH «O ... RI'")] 5. BiH nopR , ...... RKylO.
..,
[
['1
....
nJKap
~"
MOJIOK 6
Y'liiTenb
nooitTH
LJ.e Hawa ByJlHUR. Tyr WKOJla. Tyr y'laTbCR MOl .Il.iTH. 3apas ypOK. LJ.e KJlal:. T yr CTORTb napTH H CTOJlR. Tyr .nowKa. TYT CToi'Tb CTin i criJleu.b. AiTH cnyxalOTb ypOK . YllHTeJlb samnye, .o;iTH Bi.o;nOBi.ll.alOTb. - lila ue? - 1J.e cHi.o;aHOK: xni6, MaCJIO, MonoKo, CHp. -Amoue? - ll.e $no. TYT CeJIO H piqKa. - BH mo6Hre Hawe CeJlo? - TaK. MH m06HMo Bawe CeJiO. VIII. Write:
LJ.e pecropaH «YKpai'Ha, . 3apa3 Be'lepH. Tyr Tapac i KarepHHa. BOHH ISpar i cecrpa . BOHH rypHCTH. Tyr neiKaTb JlOiKKH. HO}Ki, BHAeJlKH, CTOHTb TapiJlKH. TYT pH6a A canaT. TaM M'HCO A 6op1l1.. A ue ¢lpyKTH if Kasa. T.apac .1II00HTb ¢lpyKTH. -
X.
CKamiTb, 6YJl.b JlaCKa, XTO ue? LJ.e MOH nOJl.pyra KarepHHa. BORa niKap? Hi, SORa iR>KeHep. A Tapac re>K inmeHep? Hi, siR pOOiTHRK. SiR YKpa"iHeUb? TaK, Tapac - YKpai'ReUb. Write;
-Ue Moe Micro. TYT HaUl AiM. Tyr )fmse MOH ciM'1J: MiH lI.ill., MOH 6a6a, 6aTbKO, MaTH, 6paT, CecTpa, MOH ,II.PYlKHHa il ./liTH: CHH i 1I.0'lKa. I.J.e Miil )l.H./lbKO Isa H. B iH KaTb aOUlHT, py'lKa H: KIIH>KKa. A TaM CTo'iTb Horo wa
,
51 CTYll.eHTKa. U.e Miil iHCTHTyr. A ue MiH '10JlOSiK. BiH iH>KeHep. TaM HOro aaBO,ll.. 3apaa cHill.aHoK. TYT TapiJlKa, SHlI.eJIKa il HbK. TaM xlI i6, Kos6aca, MOllOKO, callaT. 51 ,II.Y>Ke JlJ06.nIO CaJlaT. A Miil 'IOJlOSiK JlI06HTb MOJlOKO. 3apas s iH '1HTae raaeTH " CJIyxae pan.io. XV I. Wr ite:
,
....L
_I - -
,
CTYll.eHTKa, iH>KeHep, ByllHUH , cHi.n.aJlOK, KOB6aca , KiMHaTa, pecropaH, no.n.pyra , BHlI.eJI Ka. o.niseUb, pa,n,io , SaSJl.aHHH , iHCTHTyr, MaraaHH , MOllORO, 'fOllos iK. XVI I. R.ead:
s iJl.nosill.aTH si.a.nOBill.alO si.a.nOBill.aew si.a.nOBill.ae Sill.nOBi.a.alOTb p03nOBi.llaTH
51 CTy.a.eHT. 51 CJlyxalO reKCT, nllwy CJIOBa, 'fHTalO OnOSi.ll3HHH. U,e MaraSHH. TYT H KynylO KH1UKKH , SOWHTH, py'lKH If OJl iBUi. L.J.e saBOn;. Tyr npamoe Min "6paT. MOY.Ilpys i rem npaulOlOTb TYT. U,e KJlac. T yT ypOK. ¥'fHTeJlb posnoBi,ll.ae. ¥'1 Hi clIyxalOTb. n OTiM Y'lH i Bill.noe i.a.alOTb ypOK, a B'IHTeJIb CJIyxae. 96
-
XTO ue? Ue Tapac. - Illo siH 3apa3 po6lfTb? BiH 'IHTae TeKCTH. - A Ul,O TH p06HW? -- 51 CJIyxaJO H UHWY 3aS.IlaHHH. -- UQo p06HTb Y'lHTenb? XVIII. Read: -
BiH CTo'iTb i ulfwe CJlOBa. BH Jli06HTe nHcaTH? Hi, H JII06.rr1O 'IHTaTH. XTO JltOOHTb nHcaTH? -- OJleHa m06HTb nHcaTH. - BORa 3apa3 nHwe? -- TaK, SOHa nHwe 6YKSH.
Ue\,ca.a. a) TYT call. TyT MaK. TaM MaMa. Ue cecrpa. Ue nO.llpyra . BOHa CTy.n.eHTKa. Ue MiH iIlCTIfTYT. 51 re>K cry.n.eHT. 51 YKpalHeub. 51'1HTa1O TeKCT. 51 CJIyxalO onOSi.ll.aHHH. 51 Jl106Jl10 CJIyxaTH onosi1l3HHR. 6) Ue ypOK. T YT Tapae. SiH cry.n.eHT. A ue Aoro nO.llpYra OKcaHa. BOHa te)!{ cry· .Il.eHTKa. BORa YKpaIHKa. BOHH 'IHTalOTb TeKcr. OKcaHa 'IHTae 1'eKcr. Tapac cJlyxae. 3apa3 Tapac p03uosi.n.ae TeKCT. OKcaHa CJIyxae. XIX. Read:
t .D.e"'.cca.ll?
-- fle ca)l.?
XTO siH? BiH CTYAeHT. XTO TYT? TyT Tapac. XTO ue? -- Ue JliKap. SlK BiH lIHTae? SiH ,ll,06pe 'IHTae. 51 K BOHa mlwe? BOHa nHwe noraHO. 51K SH )!{HBeTe? -- MH )!{HBeMO .n06pe.
-- BiH Tyr. - D.e MaMa? -- BOHa TaM. - D.e siKHo? 80HO TaM.
CKa>KiTb, 6y.u.b Jlacxa, ue Bawe cPoTo? TaK, TyT Mon ciM'n. L.J.e Bawa MaTH? TaK, ue MOR MaTH. XTO BOlla? BOMa po6iTHHuH. A ue xro? U.e MiA .u.i.u.. B iH me npaulO€? Hi, Bill Y}f{e lie npaIUO€. A 6aTbKO? BiH npau.lO€.
-
BiR iH>KeHep?
-
Hi, Bill p06iTHHK. A Lle Bawi 6paT i cecTpa?
-
-
TaK, BOHH cTylleHTIt. A ue XTO? LJ,e MOfi 6a6a. BOHa npaLUO€?
HAlliE CEJlO LJ,e YKpa'iHa. Tyr Moe CeJlO. T YT pi'lKa llHinpo. A ue Hawa xaTa. Tyr >KlfBe MOR ciM'fI: Jli.n., 6a6a, 6aTbKo, MaTH, 6paTH Ii ceCTpH. LJ,e MOfl KiMHaTa. TYT Jl i>KKO, wacpa, CTiJl, CTiJlbUi. Tyr CTOflTb Mo"i KHH>KKH. LJ,e raSeTH A >KypHaJlH. 51 .n.Y>Ke J1}OOJlIO lIHTaTH. TaM pa.nio. TYT TeJlesisop. TaM Haw ca.n.. TaM sapas .n.i.n. i 6a6a. BOHH npaLUOlOTb. LJ,e Hawa BYJlHLln. TYT WKOJIa. TYT Y'laTbCH Mo'i 6paTH H CecTpH. BOHIi Ylllli. A H S>Ke CTy.n.eHT. __ " . Ue Hawa nJloma. T YT Mara3HHH. Ue KHHrapHfI. Tyr H KynylO KmnKKH. nopfI.A yHisepMar. TYT MaTH JIIo6HTb KynysaTH OAHL A ll.e raCTpoHoM . Tyr MH Kyny€1'II0 npoayKTH. 51 JIIo6J11O Hawe CeJlO. T yT MH >KHBeMO Ii npall.IO€Mo. TYT >KHBYTb MoT .apysi. BOHII KOJlrOCflHHKH. BOHH Te>K JII06J1nTb Hawe celio.
"
xx V. Read the texts:
Kl1lB LI.e Micro KH'iB. TYT MH IKHBeMO. LI.e ByJlHUfi XpewaTHK. TYT MarasHHH, roreJIi, pee· TopaHH. A ue Haw 6y,nHHOK. T YT IKHBe Harna CiM'51 : M051 ,npYlKliHa, ,niTH ii: fl. H po6iTHH K. 51 npawOIo. MOfl ,nPYIKHHa TelK npaWO€. BOHa )liMP' Hawi ,!l.iTH atlaTbOt. LI.e'ixHfI WKOJla. H awi 6aTbKH re}l{ }l{HBYTb TYT. AJle 'ixHiH 6y,nHHOK TpOXH )J;3J1i. A TyT napKH, cTall.ioHH. TaM Jl.aJli nHinpo, MOCTH. MH mo6HMO Harne MicTO . MH JlI06HMO roro ByJlHui Ii nJlow.i, napKH H ca.n.H. MH JU06m..lo ,UHinpo. Mo'j .apysi reiK KllflHH. BOHH TeiK m06J1f1Tb KH'iB.
HAW IHCTI1TYT LI.e iHCTHTYT. T YT CTy.n.eHTH. 3apa3 38.HRTTfI. BHKJla,na'l p03noBi,nae, crYJl.eHTH CJJyxalOTb i nHWYTb. nOTi M BHKJla.n.a'l 3am-lYye, a crYJl.eHTH Bi,nnoBi,naiOTb. U,e aY1J.HTOpi fi. TYT CH.n.RTb CTYlI.eHTH. BOHH KaHa,nui. 3apa3 BOHH P03MOBJl5IiOTb no· YKpa'iHcbKH. BHKJlall.a'l mime 6YKBH. a crYll.eHTH t1HTaIOTb. nOTiM cry.n.eHTH nHwYTb aJlcJ>aBiT. SoHH B}I{e ll.06pe t1HTaIOTb i nHwyTb 6yKBH. xx V I. Read the Ukrainian Alphabet: Aa 66 (6e] BB (Be] rr Irel ll.n. (Jl.el Ee €e (Hel )K>K liKe] 33 b el HH Ii Ii: Jui! Ali HiOT! KK [Kal J1J1 leJiI MM (eMI Hu len] 00 nn Inel Pp Jepl ~~h~I~~~b~I~~I~~_I~ I~ ~ IOJo [HY] 5111 I Hal b (M'51KHH SHaK)
4'
PART 11 ____________________________________
INTROD UCT ION You have just completed an elementary course in modern Ukrai nian phonetics and now are about to begin Part I I. While studying Part I you became acquainted not only with the Ukrainian sounds, letters. stresses and intonations but also with some grammar material as well. You made your first steps in Ukrainian grammar which will be further presented in d ia logues, commentary and exercises. First, several general remarks on grammar.
Parts of Speech In Ukrainian, as in other languages, all words are divided into certain classes by thei r meaning, grammatical properties and functions in a sentence. In Ukrainian words fa ll into the following parts of speech: independent parts of speech: noun; pronoun; adjective; verb; numeral; adverb; form-words: preposition; conjunction; particle; interjection. The first six parts of speech are called independent and are very important in a sentence, while the following th ree parts of speech (form-words) have no independent function in a sentence. Interjecti on, which expresses feelings, emotion , intention (like the English Oh! Ahl) is a separate class among parts of speech. In Ukrainian the first five parts of speech are inflected (i. e. they receive different endings or undergo changes depending on their function in the sentence). The other parts of speech are not inflected (i. e. they do not change their form). In Part I you learned some peculiarities of the Ukrainian noun, verb, pronoun, adverb, etc. A more detailed presentation of the parts of speech will be given in Part II. You will a lso meet adjectives, numerals , prepositions which were not included into Part I . CHANGEAB LE PARTS OF SPEECH Parts of speet:h Noun Verb Pronoun
100
F unction
I I nomena. Denotes things. living
I
beings or certain facts or phe-
Expresses action or state of being .
Denotes persons or things, their quality and number but does not name them .
Example
I
CTiJ1- table CTYAeHT - student I'Hmi.TH - to read croATH - to stand
. - 1 XTO? -who? Mill-my
Parts of
,_h
I
Adjective Numeral
I
Fundion
I
Example
Denotes a property.
!
Denotes number or order of objects in counting.
I OAMH - one nepwKA - lirst
HOlilA - new teJ1i1KKA - big
UNCHANGEAB LE PARTS OF S P EECH Parts of
,,,,,,h
Adverb Conjunction
Funcllon
I
I
Denotes an additional ci rcumstance attending the action or state 01 being . Is used to connect words or sentences.
Example
I
I ~apal -
now aOOpe - well
1;-'"
a - but
Particle
Gives a word or a ning.
Preposition
Serves to show in a sentence.
(t"
sent~nce
an additional shade 01 mea-
relations of nouns to other words
ue - this TUi - also TIJlbKIl - only -in Ita - on 3- from I
Each of these parts of speech possesses a number of properties which are realized in a sentence. Subject a nd Predicate The sentence is a group of words or a single word expressing a complete thought. The simp le sentence usually has two principal parts: a subject and predicate. The subject is a principal part of a sentence which denotes the th ing or a person we are speaking about answers the questions xmo? (who?) or 140? (what?). The predicate denotes an action performed by the subject or anything that is sa id about the subject. . Predicate Subject leaH cry.n:eHT. (pattern I) b aH 1I1-lTa€. (pattern II) The subject is mostly expressed by the noun, pronoun, numeral with a noun or group of words in a sentence. The predicate is mostly expressed by the verb . A noun, adjecti ve, ad verb or numera l may a lso be used in the function of predica te (see pattern I). Secondary Parts of the Sente nce A sentence which consists only of a sub iect and a predicate is ca lled an unextendQd sentence. 101
Extended sentences have, in addition to the principal parts, secondary parts which characterize a subject and a predicate. In Ukrainian the secondary parts of the sentence are: 1) attribute; 2J object; 3) adverbial modifier. The attribute is a secondary part of a sentence which denotes the property of another part of the sentence, expressed by a noun, and it usually answers the questions RKtltl? (what ki nd?), 'lull? (whose?), KOmputl? (which?). Miii (attribute) lI,pyr tlHnie. The object is a secondary part of a sentence which denotes persons or things at which the action is directed. MiA lI,pyr lIHTae lKypHaJi (object). The adverbial modifier is a secondary part of a sentence which denotes time, place and manner of the action , Mii'llI,pyr 3apa3 (time) 'lyT (place), BiH J.l.o6pe (manner) ttlfTae. LESSON
t
DIALOGUES
• -
-
•
-
BH6attTe, 6yll,b JlaCKa, Bif AmoH rpa6ap? TaK, H. D.o6pHAeHbl 51 Baw riA (guide) i nepeKJlIl.II,8.'1 (interpreter). A06pHAeHb! ll..Y}I{e npH€MHo! Mo€ iM'si MHK6Jia, npi3BHw,e (surname) IBaHeH Ko . A no fiaTbKoBi (patronymic)? IBaHoBIPI. nOBTOpiTb (repeat), 6YAb mlcKa , Bawe iM's!. MHK6Jia IBB-HOBHtt. D.Y>Ke npH€MHO, MHKOJIO IBaHoBHQyl
lJ,e BB-wi BaJIi3H (suitcases)? TaK, Mot npowy (please)! lJ,e Hawe TaKci (taxi). .ll.siXYlOl
lJ,e B>Ke Micro? TaK. ue KH'iB. - A mo TaM )l.8.JIi? - TaM Haw AHinpo, - MHK6JIO IBiiHOBllll Y, BH KHAHHH (Kievite)? - TaK, TyT )f(HBe (lives) MOlt ciM'si. A BM 3M8.6Te (know) KHls? - Ha )f(aJIb (unfortunately), Hi. }I TyT ynepwe (for the first time). BH KaHaJ.l.eu,b (Canadian)? 102
- TaK, MOe Micro TopoHTO. MOl 6aTbKH KaH~ialti YKPalHcbKoro noxoluKeHHR (of Ukrainian origin) . A BM YKpa1'Heu,b? - T aK. BJ.i6aQre, 6y.ltb m)cKa, u,e Haw rOTeJlb (hotel) «D.Hinp6:t .
• ,UOOPHH ,!I;eHb[
-
-
A
H
3HaiioMTecb (meet; become acquainted), 6y,!l;b m3cKa, u:e OKca Ha n erpiBHa. 'uY>Ke npHEMHo[ 'u>KOH rpa6ap - TYPiicT (tourist) 3 KaHa,!l;H . JlacK3.oo npOCHMo (Welcome)1 'uHKYIO. BII nHwere no-YKpalHcbKoMY (in Ukrainian)? T aK. 5 y,!l;b JlaCKa, ue Bawa aHKeTa (form). (.ll.>KOH miwe)
Klh a
npi3BIIWe - r pa6ap [M'H. - 'u>KOH KpaiHa (country) - KaHa.n.a n po$eci~ ill >Keliep -
np6wy, ue MOH aHKeTa. 'uHKYIO. ,UMiTe, 6y,!I;b JIaC Ka, Baw nacnopT (passpor t) Te>K. 5YAb Jl
• U e Barna KiMliaTa . HOMep (number) 10
-
-
-
-
(.n.ec~fTb) .
D.HKYIO. LJ,e Baw KJlJO'4 (key). Bawi BaJJis" B>Ke TaM. ,UHKylO! A Bawi cydAH (neighbors) TaK6>K Kami,!l;u.i. 51K iXH € npisBHwe? JIallllYKH, Mepi ii n erpo. 0, n erpo JIanllYK Mill ltpyr[ ,Ue iXII~ KiMHaTa? H OMep 9 (.n.eB'flTb) . Ue n6p~A. UlHPO .Il.HKyJO (Thank you ever so much). D.o n06a-
llCIIHfl1
- D.o
no6alleHHfl1 WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS
rl.l. guide Utt (y»l.c) already IHItCTa form (application) • .1110'1 key TlK~i taxi • palKa country npocll eclll profession In eplUt (yn epwe) for the first time ,l!.KlnpO D nieper R.iver
to live' ronj YKpaiKcbKoro noxoJVKeHHA of Ukrainian origin 3HaTil 10 know I ronj no i5aT bKOBi patronymic .!{oopHii lI.eHbl Good afternoon! 3HaiiQMTtCb, 6YAh J1aCKa, Ut ... Meet. . . please. .• JlacKbo npOCH MO! Welcome! n OBTOpfTb, 6YII.b .'laCKa. Repeat, please. npowy! (EiYAb micKa!) P lease! JIUhll.
IOJ
Ha
lK3II1o
unfortunately
aaJlin suitcase
UI'r. .s.liKytOl Thank you ever so much.
npbSHIl\C surn
H6Mep number
eye
A neighbor T)'pHCT tourist
micnopT passport
COMMENTAR Y AND EXERCISES
Animate and Inanimate Nouns The noun is a changeable part of speech which denotes livings beings, things and phenomena. Nouns may denote: a) persons: Mamu (mother), 6dmbKO (father); b) animals: Kim (cat), nieeHb (cock);
c) inanimate objects: cmiA (table),
/OtU:J/CKa
(book);
d) geographical names: YKpatHa (Ukraine), Kuio (Kiev); e) abstract notions: MUp (peace), :HCummJi (life). Nouns are divided into those that denote living beings and answer the question xmo? (who?) and those that denote inanimate objects and answer the question U{O?(what?). Gender
Xro 1I.e1
I
I
W,o ue?
IsaM
11'
Masculine
11,
FC!minine
yKpalHeUb OKc3H3
11,
cTYlleHTK3
YKpalHK3
6Y.D.~HOK rOT('Jlb KJlIO'I
J1a~ma ByJlHL\l'I
nJl Olll.3
U,
-
Neuter
U,
CTYJ1~HT
CCIIO
nOJJe onOBi!l8:HHII
..
c'!'YlleHTH
11,
Plural (aU genders)
yKpalHul
CTYJl~I\TKH
11,
liYAHHKH roliJli ./IaMnH
ByJlH ui
yKpa'iIlKfI
n'Jl3
A. Make up questions as shown In the example. E x amp I e: lJ.e cTyJ,\ellT - Xro ue? lJ.e CTiJl - lUo l\e?
You can cheek your answers to all e~ercises for Part II on pp. 234-239.
ue
I
The Gender of Nouns Every noun (excep t those that are used only in the plural) is of a definite gender: masculine, feminine or neuter. The gender of a noun may be defined by its ending in the vocabulary form:
to>
Gender
Examples
Typical endings
CTYl\~IlT
Masculine
yKpai"lleuh
Feminine
CTYllellTKa ByJlIlUII
hard consonant soft consonant
reno
-.
pi4 ,-.,
~
J1.inoci
TIllb
-,
","" onOBimlHHII
Examples
I
Non·typical endings
-..
lIRl\bKO MHKona CYAAR
-,
ciM'jj
Neuter
I
~
,
soft consonant hard consonant
-.
-.
iM'1i
8. Group the words according to their gender ((lIN, (laNa, (lON()):
c. Make up dialogues as shown in the example. E x amp I e: 1yr 4>6ro. lle cj)6To?
Bo"o
TyT.
1. TYT TaKci. 2. TaM nepeKJlaA3'1. 3. TYT LlHinpo. 4. TaM TypHcTKa. 5. TYT KJlIO'L 6. TaM KiMH3Ta. 7. TYT BaJli3a. B. TaM ceJlo. 9. IYT aYJlH1J,H. 10. TaM Kacpe. The Plural of Nouns
In Ukrainian the majority of nouns have both the singular and plural forms: 6pam -6pamU; Cecmpa-cecmpu; 8iKH6-8iKHa, though some nouns are used only in the singular: MUP (peace), KU'iB (K iev ), MOAOKO (mi lk), etc. Others, such as ep6wi (money), a8epi (door) are used only in the plural. Nouns get their plural form through the endings -H, -i, -i, -a, -S!:
G'"-I
Groups of nouns
doc
a) ending in hard consonant b) ending in soft consonant c)
ending in lK. 4. W.
W;.
P
Vocabulary form
Drop
I
Add! Plural form -H
CTYAellT Y41iTt'Jlb OJl iBeUb KnlO'!
e) ending in ·a
n ending in g) ending in consonant
OJIiau! KJlI041 .1iKapi
Myseii
-i
MpcI
CTYlIeHt'Ka
-,
BYJlIIUIi
. 1\
Tillb pi'!
h) ending in -a after lII, i) ending in ·ill and ·'11
'I, W, W;
Y41lTeJli
.,
JliKap d) ending in _it
CTylleHTIi
nJlowa Haldll cilol'Ji
-'-. j
-,
-.
CTYlltlllTKIl aYAHU] Tilli
-I
pC'll
-i
nJ16wi "uri dM'"i
.
105
-","
•
"
I
"',' I
Vocabulary form
Groups of nouns
Gender]
j) ending in -0 k) ending in -e
teJlO nOJle OIlOBi.!liillllJ!
f) elldin~
in -J! after ong consonant
A
. -.-. -0
no change
Plural form cCJla 1I0J1J!
onoBi1l31111H
Irregular plural forms 01 nouns: MaTH - Milrnepi, JlHnlHa - iJimu, llpyr - OPU3i. D. Transfonn the fo llowing sentences Into the plural. E x amp I e: Ue CTYJlCHT. LI,e cryncHTH.
The Nou ns Denoting Trade, Profession, Nationality When speaking about the trade, profession or nationality of a person, note whether it is a man or a woman: Xro oill?
The First Name and Patronymic in Ukrainian In speaking about a person by name Ukra inians use the individual's first name and patronymic (exceptions are children, young people, relati ves and friends). laaH DeTPOBH"1 - YllHTeJlb . OJJeHa DeTpiBHa - a'lHTeJlbKa. faHHa IaaHiBHa - p06iTHHl.{H. CeMeH laaHoBH'I - P06iTHHK. MIIK6.na fHaTOBH'I - JJiKap. famlHa fHaTisHa - JI iKap. CTenaH MHKOJiaKOBHlI - iH>KeHep. KaTepHHa MHKOJIaisHa - q,iJI6.nor. F. Form the patronymic lor th e names given In brackets:
Vocative Form In Ukrainian the vocative form is used to address someone by name. The vocat ive form has specia l endings which are added to the stem of the noun. IaaHe De-rpOBH'Iyl OJIeHO De-rpiBtiOl CeMeHe IBalioBlf\lyl nliHO IBfiHiBHOI n fhpe MaKcHMoBHttyl faJJHHO MaKcHMiBHol KaTepHHo fH
11
m pIe: raMMa 'lHd€. r
laaM netp6aH'I IlHwe. baMe n eTp6BM'IY. aM mlwere? TaK, nHwy.
I. MoE ... IBaH, .. CeMeIlOBH'I, a ... IBaHeH Ko. 2. U.e MIH .n.pyr. flora ... n eTpo. a ... J1an'lYK. 3. ll.e Mosi CeCTpa. Ii' ... OKCaHa, a ... CeMeHiBHa. 4. 51K BaWe ... ? .lI.>KOH. 51K aame ... ? - fpa6ap. I. Make up dialogues as shown in the example.
E x amp I e; opaT - CTYlleHT. - XTO ue? - l.J.e 6paT. - XTO BiH? - Bin cTYlI.eHT.
I. Manl - BttHTeJIbKa. 2. CeCTpa - ytteuHUH. 3 . .lI.)f{OH - Typ ,kT. 4. n CTpt") i Mepi - cTYJJ,eHTH. 5. .lI.iTH - YKpaiHl.d . 6. TiTKa - ill)f{eHep. 7. J1.II Jl hI\ O - p06iTl!life 8. BpaT i cecTpa - q,iJlOJlOrH. 9 . .lI.pY>KHHa - JliKap. 10. JIpy," i nb)lPyra l
The vocative form is used not only with names: CTY.ll;eHT - CTY.ll.eHTe! 6paT - 6p,iTel lOH
YllHTeJlb - YliliTeJIIO! YlleHb - YIIHtol JliKap - JliKaplO! TOBapHlll - TOBapHlllY! 6aTbKO - 6aTbKyl CHH - CHHY!
BUKAaOa'l: J1.00PHH .neHb, .lI.PY3i1 CmyoeHmu: J1.66PHH .lI.eHb! BUKAaiJa'l: 51 Balll BHKJla.D.a'l. MOE npilBHlUe - KOBaJlb, i!'.t'H Ta no6aTbKOBi - IBaH neTpoBHII . J(~H: J1.Y>Ke npll€MHOI A ll.D,>KOH rpa6ap, KaHa.neub. Ue !'.Ioi .ll.pY3i, TaKoIK KaHa.ll.ui. BUKAaOa'l: J1.YIKe npHEMHol 3apa3 3aHHTIll . CKaIKiTb, 6y.ll;b JlaCKa, n>KOHe, mo ue? J(~OH: Ue 6YKBH. Ue aJiIPaBiT. BUKAaiJa'l.· 4HTaHTe, 6y.nb JlaCKa. J(~H: A, B [lSel, B [Be], r Irel ... BUKAaiJa'l: lI.oope! A mo ue, rHaTe? rHam: Ue CJJoBa: criJl, wa$a, Jli>KKO, Me6.rti. BUKAaOa'l: nerpe, lIHTaHTe, ISY.ll.b JlaCKa, 3aB.ll.aHHll. nemp6: «l.J;e CTiJi. BiH Tyr. Ue rnalPa. BOHa TaM. Ue JlbKKO. BOHO TYT. Ue MroJli. BOHM TaM.:t BUKAaiJti:'l: npaBHJlbHo! A Tenep nHwiTb.
criJl
NicT
JlilKKO
"",,
LESSON 2
DIALOGUES
•
Mepi: MHKMO, .lI.06pH.neHbl MUKOJla: .D,66PHH .ll.eHb, Mepil $II( cnpaBH? (How are things with you?)
Mepi; J1.HKYIO, .ll.oope. MUK6Aa: DH npau,IO&aJlH cbOroAHi? (Did you work today?) JOS
Mepi: TaK, CbOrO.llHi 51 6aniTO (a lot) npaUIOBaJla. 8paHu.i (in the morning) H llHT3.Jla TeKcTH A nHeaJla BnpaBH (exercises). n OTiM 6YB (then there was) YPOK. Y.IleHb (in the afternoon) H llHT3.Jla ODoailJ;aHHfl. MUKOAa: BH Bme )l.o6pe llHTa€Te? Mepi: Ha maJl b, Hi. H w,e (still) DOraMO llHT3.IO. MUXOAa: A SlK (how) BH nHwere? Mepi: Tem norallo. . MUKOAa: 8H BHBllaJlH YKpaiHcbKY MOBY paHiwe? (Did you study the Ukrainian l anguage before?) Mepi: Hi, nerpo BHBllaB, a 51 He BHBllaJla. MUKOAa: nerpo TaKom 6ara.TO nparnb€ sapa3? Mepi: 0, ll i! BiH nparnb€ .nyme MaJlO (litt le). BiH cJlyxae pall.io, llHTae raseTH H OrJlRlI.ae MicTO (goes sigh tseeing). MUKOAa: A HK Bill llHTae H miwe? Mepi: He lI.YlKe (not very) .Il66pe. Aile Bill lI.66pe rOBopHTb nO·YKpaIHebKH. Mux6Aa: BH Tem lI.oope roBopHTe. Mepi: 0 • .nHKYIO, aile R me rOBopiO He ll.yme Aoope .
•
MUKOAa: Jl66PHH .neHb. n erpel nemp6: JlOOPHH )leHbl Mepi: fiR CnpaSH?
nemp6: ,UsiKYJO, )l.oope. MUKOAa: Jle BII 6YJlli B'IOpa (yesterday)? nemp6: Y'lopa MH CJlyxaJlH KOHu.epT (concert). Ue 6yJlo '1Y.ll.oBol Mepi: A lIlO TH p06HB CbOrolI.Hi? nemp6: CbOrO)l.Hi R cJlyxaB no pa.nio nieHI (songs). n OTiM 6YB YPOK. A B.IleHb fI KY' nYBaB cYBeHipH (souvenirs) i nHCaB lIneTH (letters). Mepj: A KOJIH (when?) TH BHB'IaB MOBY? nemp6: Komi R CJlyxaJO pall.io a66 (or) '1HTalO raseTH , 51 BHB'IalO YKpalHebKY Moay. A SnpaBH R He JliOtUUQ (don't like) nHeaTH. MUKOAa: neTpe, BH 3Haere. XTO Baw eyci.ll sapas? nemp6: PaHiwe TaM mHS IBaH 66AKO. A XTO TaM mHDe Sapa3 , R He 3Hil lo. MUKOAa: Baw llpyr ,UmoH rpa!5ap. Mepi: rp a6ap? KOJIH BiH npHi'xaB (did arrive)? M wWAa: CbOrO.llH i apaHui. nemp6: 0, ue llY.IlOBO[ floro KiMHaTa HOMep 10 (lI.ecHTb)? MUK6Aa: TaK. nemp6: JlsiKYIO. MHKOJlo. llo n06alleHHR! XOAiMO (Let's go), Mepi! Mepi: llo no6
•nempo: ll>KoHe, )l.06pH.n.ellhl il:JJCOH: Mepi, n€!Tpe, )l.OOPHH )l.eHb. 5IK lly.n.OBO, mo BH Tyrl Mepi: BH nplllxaJlll choro.n.H i ? 1l:JfC()H:
T aR , H npJilxaB ypaHUi. IO!1
nemp6: 'u>KeHH Te>K npHixaJla? Hi, BOHa me B)lOMa. A BH .n;aBHo (long ago) npHi.
p,,,,Of~: X3J1H?
nemp6: TaK, MH )laBHO TYT >KHBeMo. /1JiWH: mOBIi TyT pooHTe?
Mepi: MH crY)leHTH. MH BHB'Ia€MO YKpalHcbKY MOBY. P'JiWH: Ue )lY>Ke .!1oope. Bli B>Ke .!1oope rOBopliTe nO-YKpalHcbKoMY? nemp6: 3BH .....UtHO! (Or course]) AmoHe, a BH B>Ke OrJlHnaJlH MicTO? P'JiWH: me Hi. Mepi: Bli He Jl.Y>Ke CTOMKJlHCR (tired)? D.JiWH: 0, Hi, Hi. nempo: 4Y)loso! XOJl.iMO OrJlHJl.aTH MicTO. WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS aoo or (fir iTO much IIII'IATH I coni to study Inp3sa exercise B'IOpa ()"I6pa) yesterday ,I,alHO adv long ago .00000H when .OHU,epT conccrt .IIHCT letter .,iJlo adu little nicllA: song nOTiM then npa1uoahll to work npHf:c.aTlI to arrive paHlwe adu before (yaeHip souvenir
(bOrOJl,HI today aat'lepi (yat'lepi) in the evening IJl.eHb (YJl.tHb) in the a£iernoon IpaHld (ypallu,J) in the morning ~e yet, still 11 K how BHB'I3.TH YKpa1HcbKY Moay to study the Ukrainian language 3111'1aMHO of course, certainly. sure mo6liTlI in! to like to do something OrJlA:A3.TH ",feTO to go sightseeing Ha Ice A66pe1 All the best! rpt6a in! it's na:essary to do something XO,l,IMOI Let's gol f!K (npaIH? How are things with you? ,l,jillle very
+
+
COMMENTARY AND EXERCISES
The Verb. Past Tense The Ukrainian Past Tense corresponds to the English Past Indefinite and Past Continuous: He was wri ting. BiH nHeaB. He wrote. In the Past Tense verbs have all genders and numbers: Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter
I
Singular
6y.
Bill (II, Til) (II, "i
lOH~
pOOHI pOOHJla p06HJlO
OYJla OyJlo
""0
eTClil croliJia croliJlO
nllCaa oHcalla nHcano
Plural All genders 110
IIOItH (Mit, lit)
I
OYJI"
I
POOHJlH
eTCliJlII
I
nllcaJlIt
The Past Tense is formed from the infinitive by dropping the infinitival ending -TN and adding the appr«?priate ending:
41i1TA -8 for masculine singular -Jla for feminine singular -JlO for neuter singular -JiH for all genders plural
A_ Make up questions to the verb. E x amp I e: nerp6 CJlyxali pi.ll.io. qHHa CJlyxaJIa pbio. JUTtI CJlyxaJIII pA.!lio.
_ mo pOOHli neTp6,? - mo pOOHJla raHHa~ - mo po6aJIII Jl.htl? I. BaThKH Si,lI,nOqHSaJiH. 2. faJlHHa nncaJia JlnCTH. 3. DeTpo BHBqaB YKpatHchKY MOBY. 4. MaTH npaUIOBaJla. 5. CecTpa qHTaJl a onoBi,lI,aHHH. 6. TYPHcT OrnH,lI,aB MicTO. B. Make up dialogues as shown In the tJlample. E}[ amp J e: CTyp;eHT CJlYxaB.
-
mo pooHB Cry.n.eIlT'?
-
Bill cJlYxaB.
I. BpaT nHcaB JlHCT. 2. DO,lI,py ra cJlyxana KOHUepT. 3. ,UiTH l.IHTaJiH onOai,lI,aHHH. 4. raHHa BHBqaJla MOBY. 5. ,Upys i KynYBaJiH cYBellipH. 6. Tapac OrJlH,lI,aB Micro. C. Olan,e the sentences Into the Past Tense. (I) E}[ amp Ie: CTYAellT '!IITie. CTYlleHT '!IITa..
I. T YT CTiJI. 2. MonoKo TaM. 3. TaM Basa. 4. TYT 36wHTH A OJliBUi. 5. TaM MicTO_ 6. Cecrpa TaM. 7. TaM CTY,lI,eHTH. 8. T YT KOHUepT. D. Using the words given in brackets, complete the sentences by putting the verbs into the proper forln 01 the Past Tense:
1. yq6pa neTpo (cJlyxaTH) KOHUepT. Mepi Tem (6yni) TaM. 2. YpaHui Mepi (nHCaTin BnpaBH. 3. MOJlOK6 (CTOHTH) TyT, a xJli6 (Jle)l{3TH) TaM. 4. ,U>KOH He (BllBqaTH) YKpaillCbKy MOBY. 5. Yl.IHTeJlh (q HTaTH) , a P.iTH (cJlYxaTH). 6. mo TH (p06HTH) yq6pa? - H (KYnYBaTH) cYBeHipH. 7. KOJIH BH (nHcaTH) JlHCTH? - YBeqepi. 8. Mepi 6anl.TO (npaUIOBiITH) chor o.nHi. 9. ,UmoH (npHlxaTH) ypaHui. 10. Yp.eHh amoH (orM,naTH) MicTO. III
Learn the conjugation of the following verb: JlIOCiH TH 11 .Il106.l!O TH ntbCiKw aiM (OOMa) .Il!06HTIo
(to like) MK n!06NMo OK n!06HTe BOHiJ JII06J1RTIo
E. Use the proper lorm 01 the verb AlOtJUmu in the Present Tense to complete the sentences:
IbICOH: TaK, aJIe .Il.Y>Ke MaJlO. A }fK 51. aHallaTHMY M6BY TYT? BUK.llaoa'!: BH cJlyxaTHMe-re H '1HT8THMeTeTeKCTH, oooai.Il.aHHSl, 6Y.ll.eTe TpOXH OMCanl H .Il.Y>Ke 6araro roaopHTH nO-YKpaiHcbKH. Il.~H: LJ.e AY>Ke .Il.66pe. MH 6Y.Il.eMO 6araTO npalUOBllTH? BUKJlaiJa'!: TaK, aJle BU .Il.66pe SHaTHMe-re YKpaiHcbKY Moay. P.~H: CKa>KiTb, 6Y.Il.b mkKa , ne-rpo Ii Mepi JIan'lYKH Baw; CTY.Il.eHTH? BUKJlaoti'!: TaK, BOHli: TaKO>K Bi.ll.Bi.ll.YlOTb saHHTTR. BOHH am.e AaBHo BHB'IalOTb YKpaIHCbKy M6BY . !l.XOH: MH npawoBaTHMeMo pa30M (together)? BUKAlloti'!: TaK. P':XCOH: KOJIH H ni.ll.Bi.ll.YBaTHMY SaHHITR? BUK.llaoci'!: YpaHui. I1.~H: J1.Y}f{e .Il.66pe. I..U.J.ipo AHKYK>! D.o no6alleHHRI BUK.llaoti'!: Ha Bce .Il.66pel WORDS
AND EXPRESS I ONS
.apeHHKH pI dumplings ,hub,Y83TH 3aH,hTII to attend classes or lessons ,i,llnO'lHs3TH I ronj to rest AH8MTHCA II ronj to view, to walch Jl66poro piHKyl Good morning! JltiKyEMO! (We) thank youl JlliKytOl (I) tha nk you! 3.li8Tpa tomorrow ~aMoBJlhH I conj 10 order leTH to eat Ke$fp kefir (beverage similar to buttermilk) oCif,llaTH I coni to dine Q¢liLliaHTKa waitress hllTM , conj 10 drink
'"
nOTiM then palOM together caJl3.T salad cno'l.iTKY first, at firsl Te.lleabop TV set YHi8epcHTer university cjliJlbM film cjlyrCi6JI soccer LlCHTJl cenler 'Iail: tea IIMll.e egg
CMa'lHorol Good appetitel ,IlM8MTHc:JI. ncpe...a'lY no TeMlbopy to watch a TV program
COMMENTAR Y ADN EXERC I SES
The Verb. Future Tense The Ukrainian Future Tense corresponds to the English Future Indefinite and Futu· re Continuous: He will read. BiH 6Y.n.e 'lHniTH. =
He will be reading. There are two parallel forms of the Future Tense in Ukrainian: a) a n a I y tic a I is a combinab) s y nth e tic a I is formed from tion of the verb 6ymu (to be) as an auxi· the infinitive of the principal verb plus li ary and the infinitive of the principal the suffi x -M' fo llowed by the same persoverb. nal endings as used for the Present Tense . Compare:
Til l.IHTaTHMew BiH (BOHa) 'lHTaTIlMe Mil 'lHT3.THMeMO Bil l.IHTaTHMeTe BOHII 'lIlTaTIlMYTb
A. Change the following sentences Into the negative. E x amp I e: }"I 6Y.IY '111T3TH. 51 He 6y,lly 'IlIniTH.
t. MH 6YAeMO 06i.n.am pa30M. 2. BOHII 6Y.ll.YTh cJlyxaTH KOHU.epT. 3. lleTpo 6Y.!tc KynYB3TH cYBeHipH. 4. J\\epi 6Ylle llHBHmcSl $yr60II. 5. nmOH 6Y.n.e OrIlH.n.3TH MY3eli. 6. 51 6y.n.y Bill,nO'lHBam BpaHU.i. 8. Olange the analytical lonns 01 the verbs Into synthetical using the text of exercise A. C Change the forms 01 the verbs In the sentences given In the Present Tense Inlo the Past and future T,~
E x a rn pie: Bill nMwe. Y'lopa Bi" n"d.o. 3ao!pa aiH 6yn,e nHcaTH (nHciiTHMe).
Mepi: nerpe, mo Mil po6HTHMeMO CbOrOJI.Hi? fTemp6: 3apa3 MH 6YJI.eMO cHiJI.aTH, n6TiM r YJlSlTIlMeMO. Mepi: A Komi: Mil cJlyxaTHMeMO KOHll,epT? fTemp6: CnOqaTKY MH 6YJI.eMO Be'lep~TII. n 6TiM cJlyxaTHMeMO KOHu.epT. Mepi: A mo Mil po6li:THMeMo 3aBTpa? fTemp6: YpaHui Mil 6YJI.eMO BHB'Ianl YKpaiHCbKY MODY. n6-riM Of JISIJI.aTHMeMO MY3e». YJI.eHb MH 6YJI.eMO rYJlj{YH. Mepi: Hi, YJI.eHb H r ooYBaTHMY 3aBJI.aHHH. A BBeliepi JI.IIBlhHMYC~ KiHo¢>iJlbM . fTemp6: A H BBeqepi JI.HBHTHMYCH CPYTOOJJ. M epi: Komi" >K Til 6YJI.elll rOTYBaTH 3aMaHHH? 3aBTpa 6YJI.e YPOK! fTemp6: H 6YJI.Y r OTYBaTH 3aBJI.aHHH cboroJI.Hi BBe'lepi. CnoliaTKY H cJIyxanlMY paJI.io, n6TiM nOBTOplOBaTHMY YPOK. M epi: A ~ 060B'~3KoBo CJlyxaTHMY JI.iaJJom. nOTiM B}f{e IIHTanlMY TeKCTH H JI.iaJIOrH. flemp6: TH 3aB}f{)I.H 6araTO npau.K>ew, Mepi! TH MOJIOAeub! Mepi: 51 XOqy JI.66pe 3HaTH YKpai~cbKY MOBY, JI.oope P03MOBJISITH nO-YKpatHcbKoMY. flemp6: Tli JI.66pe 3HaTHMew ylew.
LESSON 4
DIALOGUES
• fTemp6: D.66poro paHKY, D.}f{OHe.
511<
copaBH?
P'3ICOH: .QHKYIO, JI.oope. yqopa 6YJIa M9H nepwa eKcKYpCiR (first excursion). 51 OrJIfI]l3:B UeHTP MicTa. Mepi: llI,o caMe (what exactly)? P':JKXJH: CnoqaTKY Mil OfJIflJI.aJlH Xpem.aTHK. U.e ueH' TpaJlbHa (central) BYJlHUfi. BOHa He AY}I{e Be.1II1Ka (b ig), aJle JI.Y}I{e rapHa (beautiful). CK8>KiTb, Mepi, XpewaTHK - ue HOBa ByJlHU.~? Mepi: Hi, ue cnpa (old) BYJlHUH. AJle TaM Hooi (new) 6Y.Il.HHKH, rOTe.ni, KiHoTeaTpH (movies) , peCTOpaHll, Kacpe if Mara3HHH. P':JKX)H: TaK, TaK . 51 6a
' 10
Mepi: A H .I1.Y>Ke JlOOJIlO KHischKI napKM (Kiev parks) H nHinpo. nHinp6 rapHa (beautiful) piKa. ll.;)fC()H: KH1B .I1.Y>Ke BeJJHKe (big) H rapHe (beautiful) MICTO-CaJl.. nemp6: BH6a1lTe, aJle KOTpa 3apa3 rO.ll,HHa? (What time is it now?) Mepi: 0, B}f{e Jl.eB'ATal (9 o'clock). CK6po 6YJl.e yp6K. nempo: n>KOHe, Bll TaK6)f{ BiJI.BiJl.YBaTHMere Hawi 3aHslTTfl? o.;)fC()H: TaK, CbOrOJI.Hi 6YJI.e Min nepWMH (first) YPOI<. Mepi: XO.niMO pa30M, JI.PY3i1
ltY>Kl'
•
BUKAaOd't.· nooporo paHKY, .nPY3i! 3HaHOMTeCH, ueHaw HOBHn CTy.neHT n)f{OH rpa6ap. BiH KaHa.neub. A ue MOl cTapi CTy.neHTH: Mepi, raHHa, DeTPO H SOr.naH. Mepi H neTpO Bawi Jl.aBHi .npY3 i, '1M He 1aK? (isn't it so?) nemp6: TaK, MH AaBHi JI.PY3i. o."'OH: MH xopowi (good) .nPY3i. BUKAaOdli: Ue ~me ,n,oope. BH, n}f{6He, ci.naiiTe (sit down), 6y.nb JlaCKa. 3apa3 MH 6Y.neMo nOBTopJOBaTH CTapi TeKCTH. raHHO, KOTPH" (which) TeKCT BH rOTYBaJlH (did prepare)? faHHa: MH fOT YBaJlH .npYrMA (second) TpeliA (third) TeKeTH. BUK.Aai)dli: lJ.e nerKi (easy) TeKCTH? nemp6: 0, TaK. BnpaBH Tem .nY>Ke JlerKi. Mepi: IBaHe neTpoBw-IY, .npYrHn TeKCT JlerKHH, a 'Tperin Ba)f(KHH (difficult). n'ATa (fifth) BnpaBa Te>K .nYlf
&i'lHTH If con; to see ,alKKHii ad; difficult BtllllKHA ad} big, large )la,.rellbKHA ad; lillie HOIHA ad; new Bi,l,no,l.d.TH I con; to answer rapHHii ad; beautiful, lovely roTYB!iTH I con; to prepare lanHTYBaTH I conI to ask SPY'lHHii adj comfortable, convenient ,(lijaCbKHii cd; Kiev, of Kiev XiHOTeaT'p movie theater XOTjlHi1? w.dcn? (by number)
KOT'pa ro..utlla? What time is II? "IUKHK ad; easy llepwHA num first lloniHHA adj bad nOwTl)lT post office cAMe exactly cidiin sit down alpHA adj old xOpOwHii ad; good uttl'rpa.llbHHii central, main '1H He TaK? is it (not) so? BKHK? what kind?
117
COMMENTARY AND EXERCISES
The Adjective. Gender and Number Ukrainian adjectives agree in number and gender with the noun they modify and answer the questions JlK4ii? JiKa? flXi? JUd? (what kind?). Singular
. Masculine JlKJiI'!? tlOBHM
cTapHH call BCJlIiKHH
I
Feminine
Plural (aU genders)
I
Neuter
IlKA? .oM CTapa WKOJla BeJlHK3
RKe? HOae
crape Micro BeJlIiKe
AKi? HOBI callli CTapi WKOJIH seJlHKi Micti
Ant any m s: HoaHH =1= crapHH aenHKHH =i= MaJleHbKHH JlerKHH =i= aa}KKlifl: XOPOWHH =i= noraHHH A. Make up questions to the adJectives: RKUd? ,,,uiP RK~? Rid? I. U,e nipHa .n,islIHHa. 2. U,e aemiKi MarasHHH. 3. TaM 6y.n,e Hose Micro. 4. Ue sa}K-
KHH .reKcr. S. Tyr 6yJla crapa WKOJla. 6. 8iH XOpOWHH cry.n.ellr. 7. U,e SeJlHKe ceJlo. 8. Tyr ai.n.nolfHsalOTb MaJlellbKi .n.iTH. B. Fill In the blanks with the appropriate fonn of the adJective: KosUd, KOBa. KOB~. KOBi
10. U,e ... Micro. I I. Tyr ... aYJlHu,i. 12. TaM 6Y.n.e ... nJloma . 13. JIiaopyq ... 6YJlbsap, a npaaopylf ...
c. Make up questions to every part 01 the sentence. E x amp I e: I.J.e Moli HOBa KhtH3ra. 1.("11 TYT 1I0Ba KiMH.ha? - Moli. 1Id T)'T KiMHaTa? - HOBa. lllo ue? - Ki"'HiiTa.
1. U,e HOSHA rorMb . 2. Ocb Hawa lIfaJJeHbKa KiMHara. 3. TYT rapHi Me6JJi. 4. JIiBO' pyq Mall crapa KaHana. 5. npasopyq Bam crapHfi criJl. 6. TaM JJe}Karb HOBi ra3etH H }KYPHaJiH. 7. npasopyq CrOlrb BeJlHKe KpiCJIo. 8. nop yq Hawa rapHa JlaMna. 9. A ue SeJlliKe SiKHO. 10. Tyr Croirb HOBa oasa If raplli KSiTH. O. Make UP dialogues using the antonyms as shown in the example. E x amp I e: I.{e CTapa BY.l1HUJ\. .AKa ((e BY.l1HUA - Clapa 'III HOU? - I.J;e Clapa SY.l1HWI. 118
The Ord ina l Numera ls. Gender and Number Ukrainian ordinal numerals, like adjectives agree in number and gender with the noun they modify. They answer the questions KOmpuii.? KOmpa? KOmpe? KompI? (which? by number): Sin~ular
E. Change the sentences inlo questions using the appropr iate gender and number for the ordinal numera l. E x amp J e: U.e nepwa snpas3. KoT"pi ue snpasa?
1. 3apa3 n'RTa rO.lU{Ha. 2. }I '!1-ITalO '!eTBepTHH YPOK. 3. Ue MOH Jl.pyra excKYpciR. 4. Ue Tpe-rH BnpaBa. 5. Ue il:or6 nepwi CTY)l,eHTH. 6. Ue Moe nepwe 3HaMMCTBO. P. Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the ord Jnal numeral; ntpUittiJ, ntpma, ntp me, ntplill
0.310011: BOHa JliBOPY"I "Ill npaB6Pyq? X.Il6n'lUIC BOHa npaBopYlI. A JliBoPYK6a:t. npaBopy'l - YHiBepMar i racrpoHoM. D.3IOOH.: Ue BeJlHKi MarasHHH. XA6n'l.UIC Ocb naM'HTllliK. Ue BOJlo.Zl,HMHP IJlJliq JIeHiH. D.3IOOH.: TYT nipHi KBiTH. XAOn'l.UK.: TYT 3aB>KLlH KaiTH. D.3IOOH.: A ue TaKOif{ Xpew.aTHK? XAOn'lUIC Hi, ue Bme iHwa BynHuH, a npaBopyq 6YJlbBap. D.JICOH.: 5 yJlbBap Ayme rapHHH. XAOnl{UlC Ue 6yJlbBap WeB'IeHKa. TaM .ZI,ani YHiBepCHTeT D.JICOH.: A XpemaTHK? X.wnl/.wc A Xpem,hHK Mil B>Ke orJIIIHYJlH. D.:JfCOH.: H rall.:Ja, IU,O XpemaTHK .nY)!{e BeJJHKa BYJlHUH! XAOnl/.UK: Hi, BOHa He .nY)!{e BeJlHKa, aJle .nY>Ke nipHa. D.:JIWH.: Cnpaa.ni, XpemaTHK .nY)!{e rapHHA! XAOn'lUlC A BH 3HaeTe, .ne Baw rOTMb? o':JIWH: 3HaJO. BiH He.a.aJleKo. XAOn'l.UK.: XO.niMO, Mil we pa3 ormi:HeMO XpeUtaTHK . . D.;)IC()H.: 3BlI'IaHHol TH '1y.nOBHH ri.n. lOpKo! XAOn'l.UlC n~KYJO. H mooJlJo KHIB, JlI06.nIiJ Horo BYJlHui. nJlomi, 6YAHHKH D.JICOH.: 0, Ta TH noet, JbpKyl 51 paJIJIA, IU,O MH n03HaHOMHJlHCH.
LESSON 5
DIALOGUES
•M epi: ne-rpe,
H 'IHTaJO TeKcr, ane He 30BciM po3YMho (don't quite understand), KORH MH B)f(HBaeMO cnoBO (use the word) ( nHeaTH:t , a KOJIH «HanneaTH:t. nemp6: 3apa3 H TBiA BHKJla.na
flemp6: Bli JJ.OBro (8 long time) Bi.nno'-IHBaJIH? Mepi: Hi, H TpOXH Bi.ll.nO'lHJla, 8 n6TiM n0'4aJla (began) m-leaTH.
~.
-
\~
/
)
1:::=-===::::::::::"..1-.1
flemp6: BH .Il.OBrO nlleaJIH? Mepi: TaK, H nllcaJia aOBro. nempo: KOJlli all 3aK iH'lHJlII (did YOll finish) ",ieaTlI 3aBll.aHHH? M epi: H He saKiHqllJla. yqopa 6YJlO Ba>KKe 3aB.!1aHHH. n emp6: OT)f(e (so), 6H nKCanK (wrote) saBAaHHH. aRe He HanKcanK (have not written). 121
6y.n,b JIaCKat (Come in, please). Mepi: Ci.n,MiTe, 6YJl.b J}acKa! ,O,~H: lI.HKYIO. A Mepi, RK 3aB>K).l.M (as always), rOTye 3aBJl.aHIlR? Mepi: Hi, 3aBJl.aIlHR R B>Ke npHrOTYBaJla. 3apa3 nHwy JIMCTH (leHers). nemp6: lJ,e Bawi rpaMnnaCTl1HKH (records), ll>KoHe? ,O,~H: TaK, R KymiB cbOroJl.Hi, aJIe me He CJIYX3B. Mepi: lJ,e YKpafHcbKi (Ukrainian) nicHi? 'o'~H: TaK, ue cYlJacHi (contemporary) YKpaillcbKi nicHi. Dcrpe, Baw npOrpaS8lJ (record player) npaJ..Ub€? fiemp6: 3BH'IaHHo! npowy! 51 Te)K XO'fY nOCJlYxaTiI. ,O,'JIC()H: A BH, Mepi, 6YJl.eTe CJlyxaTH? Mepi: TaK. 51 B>Ke 3aKiH'IYIO oueaTH. WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS pOJYMfTH, Jp03YMiTH 10 understand (He) 30BciM (n ot) quite BlKHsarK, 8lK"TK to use CJl080 word nO'lHtulTH, nO'liTH to Ix!gin JpClJYM irK understan d JaKiK'lyaaTK, JaKIH'IKTK to finish oTIKe so, thus npasHJlbHO? I s that correct? Il\e yet npofia'lTe! Excuse (me)!
se'lepRTK, n08e'lepRTH to have supper ,l.l~HII Be'lip! Good eveningl JAit'iHHK capable 3aXO.l.bU! Come in! RX 3aalliAH as always rpaMnJlaCTKHKa phonograph record lIMCT letter C)"!3t;"liK modern, contemporary Ykpai'HcbkHK o.dj Ukrainian nporpaaa'l record player A08fO a long lime
COMMENTARY AND EXERCISES
The Verb. Perfective and Imperfective Aspect In Ukrainian, verbs may express an action limited as to the time of its duration or a completed action. Other verbs may denote a durative action without any reference to its completion. Accordingly, all verbs are divided into verbs of the perfective and imperfective aspects: a) imp e r f e C t i v e ex presses the b) perfective expressesthecompprocess of action without reference to its let ion of the action, the achieving comp letion. of a definite result.
'"
ll.J.o BiH p06HB?
ll.J.o aiH 3po6IiB?
BiH RHCaS JlHCT.
BiH HanH caa JlIkT .
He wrote a letter. (He was writing a letter.)
He has written a letter. (He had written a letter.)
Almost every imperfect ive infinitive has a corresponding perfective infiniti ve, which is formed from the imperfective either by adding a prefix or by changing the respective suffix. Both imperfect ive and perfective infinitives, usua lly given in pairs, shou ld be carefully learned. I mperfective
prepare, to cook understand listen dine have su pper rest begin finish buy
-----0.,--,--"
Not e. The number of the conjugation to which each verb belongs is given in brackets. ,. Find corresponding perfective Infinitives for the Imperfective verb forms:
The Past Tense of perfective verbs is formed in the same way as the Past Tense of imperfective verbs (see Part /I, Lesson 2): Aspect
BiH
BOHa
oollii
• Imperfective Perfective
nHca 8 H3nHcaa
nHcana HanHcana
III!c1In H 1l3IlHC;iJlII [23
B. Open the brackets form Ing the Past Tense! I. Mepi B>Ke (npHroTYBaTH) SaB.n3.HHH. 2. IaaH (npollHTaTH) 3. .iliTH (KymiTH) KHH>KKH. 4. BOr.n3.H He (spoSYMiTH) saB.n:aHHH. lIHTH) iHCTHTYT.
HOBe ol1oBi.n.aHllH MH B>Ke (saKll1'
5.
Perfective verbs have no Present Tense. Tense Present Past Future
I
imperfedive
I
BiH nHllle. BiH IIHcaB. BiH ISYll.e nHc.!iTH. (BiH nHc.!iTHMe)
Perfective
-
BiH HanHciiB. BiH H3milue.
The Future Tense of perfective verbs IS fo rmed exactly I1ke the Present Tense imperfective verbs, using the same personal endings as the Present Tense of the corresponding imperfective verbs (see Part I, Lesson 6): Imperlecti ve Present Tense II nHwy Til mtwew Bill (BOHa) miwe Mil IIHWeMO HII IIKweTe &lHH IIKWYTb
(. Learn th e conjugation of the foll owin g perfective verbs In the Future Tense!
Conjugat io n I
Conjugation II
nO'faTH Bi.n:nO'fHTH KynHTH 3aKiH'IHTH nOliHY si,o;nollHHY KynJlJO saKiH'IY nOliHew SiAnO'l HHeW KynHw saKiH'IHW aiH, aOlla nOliHe SiAnO'lHHe KynHTb saKi HlI lITb nOllHb-fo BiAnOllHHeMO KynHMo saKiHIIIIMO nOIiH eTe BiAnO'lH HeTe KynHTe saKiHllllTe 61' WHii nOIlHYTb KynJlHTb saKiH'IaTb Bi.n:nO'lHHYTb D. Complete the sentences by putting th e words given in brac kets Into the appropriate form of th e Future Tense: I. 3aaTpa H (HanHcaTII) JIHCT. 2. Mil (no06i.n:aTII) pa30M. 3. BOHH (npoIIHTam ) ono· BiAaHmL 4. YBe'lep i .il>KOH (l1oCJIyxam) l1iclli. 5. TH (npliroTyaam) CHi.n3.HOK?T aK. 6. D.>KOU (no'lan!) BIIB'IaTH MOSY sasTpa . 7. Mil ,!l.o6pe (BiAnO'lHTII) TaM. 8. K omi SII (saKill'lIlTlI) iHCTIITYT? 9. 51 (KynHTH) r aseTH, a Til (KymiTH) >KypHaJI. 10. BOHH (no'13TH) npauJOBaTH saBTpa. E. Transform the sentences as shown in the example (note the verb aspect). E x amp Ie: Y'lopa H 'HmiB reKCT.
10. MOl 6aTbKH ,ll.66pe Si,ll.nOllHJlH. 11. BHKJlaJl.8
x amp I e: 51 ,(HTal 'feKeT, - mo TN pOOlia? 51 OpO'fHT.1.a 'feKeT. - mo TN 3pOO1i8? I. Yllopa .aIKOH nHcaB 3aB,ll.aHHH. 2. Haw BHKJla,ll.all p03noBis TeKCT. 3. CTYJl.eHTH HarmCaJrlI CJlosa. 4. Mepi Jl.OBrO poonosi.D.
G. Make up dialogues as shown in the example. E x amp J e: IliaH HaoHcaa 'feKeT, -
laaH n.oaro nHcaa 'feMeT? TaK, aJle aiH YlKe HanHeal,
I. raHHa npO'lHTaJia onoBiJtaHHR. 2. SOrJtaH 3po6HB snpasH. 3. T YPHCTH ormiHYJlH Klfls. 4. )l'lHi nOBTOpHJIH aJlcpasiT. 5. J1.pY3i npHroTysaJIH KOHu,epT, 6. CTenaH npocJlyxaB nJlaCTHHKH. The adverbs U{OOHR., Illicmo, piOK1), :Jd.8:JIeiJu. iJ6620 are used wit h the verbs of the imperfective aspect: SpaT 1ll0JtHH Kynye (Kynysas) ra3eTH. B
Ex
D.:JfC()H: llo6p HAeHb, ISaHe [JeTpOBH'lY! BUK/laiJa't: ,U06pHAeHb! CiAaihe, 6YAb JlaCKa . D.JlfXJH: 51 He 3anilHlfBCH? BUKAaiJall: Hi, He 3ani3HHJlHcH . A Ae rHaT? D.:JfC()H: BiH me cHiAae. rHam: Hi, H B}I{e nocH i.ll3B . BH6a'lTe, H TpOXH 3 ani3H1tBC~d BUK/laiJaaBiT i HanHcaJHf 3aBAaHHH. BUK/laiJd
•
BOeOaH: rHaTe, mo
Til
p06HTHMeUl sapa3?
rHam: 5:1 6YAY nOBTOplOBaTlf ApyrH H YPOK. BoeiJdH: A TH B}I{e nOBTopHB CJI0Ba?
FHam: Hi, H nOBTOpHB TiJlbKH TeKcTH. A sapa3 nOBToplOBaTHMY CJIOBa. BoeiJaH: TH ll,66pe BiAnoBi.a:aB cbOroAHi? FH am: TaK. BHKJla.na'l. cKa3aB: «BH .noope BiAnOBiJlH CbOrO)l.Hi». Y'l6pa H ,noope BHB'IHS "TeKCT i CJlOBa . CbOrOJl.H i MH IUe 'lH"TaJiH onoBiJl.aHHH, a n&riM posnoBiAaJllt. 51 no'laB posnosi.n:aTH , a HaUl HOBHH CTYJl.eIlT 3aKiH'lHB. 5oeiJaH.: A XTO BiH , BaUl HOBHH cTYAeHT? rHam: Ylor6 3BYTh t:I>futip. B ill cTY.Il.eHT-4>iJl()J]or. BiH TaKO}l{ BHB'Ia€ YKpalllcbKY M6BY .
EOeOdH: A H 3apa3 o6iJl.aTHMY, a n&riM n iJl.Y KynysaTH KHH>KKH. f llam: XOJl.iMO pa30M noo6iJl.aeMO, a n&riM n ineMo Kyoysam KflH>KKH. 51
xOllY KYOHTH me 30WHTH H OJliSeub. Eowall: A H KynYS3.THMY CJI0SHHK. f llam: TH ute He KYOHS CJI0BHMKa? EowdH: H i , He KYOHB. rllam: A HK 'I'M BllMB CJlOBa? BOWdH: 51 YBa>KflO CJIyxaB, a O&riM OOBToplOBaB CJlOBa. rllam: TH He OHeaB 'ix? Bowall: Hi, He m{CaB. CbOronHi BHKJlanall CKa3aB: «BH RoraHo 3HaeTe CJlOBa:t. Te· nep H KynJlID CJI0BHllK i 3anHWY HOBi CJI0Ba .
•
BUKJ/.aiJa'l: D.moHe, p03nOBid.H'I'e, 6YJl.b JlaCKa, TeKC1' «YpOK». D.~fCf.JH; «lJ,e Hawa aY.ll.HTOpiH. TyT KapTH, JlOWKa, criJl, C1'iJlbUi. T aM KapTa. TYT BiKHO. MH cTYJleHTH. MH BliB'IaeMO YKpaiHCbKY Moay. BHKJlaJ(all nOllHHa€ YPOK. BiH rOBopHTb, MH CJIYxa€Mo. nOTiM BHKJla.lla'l 3aollTye, a MH BinnOBiJl.a€Mo. COO'laTKY MH CJlyxaeMo MarHiTcxpDlI, O&riM po:moniJl.aalO TeKC1'H. MH nHweMo 3aBJl.aHHH. BHKJla,!1a'l rosopHTb: «BH HanHeaJlH Jl.oope». BUKAaiJa'l: D.Y>Ke ./.I.oope, LlmoHe! BH p0300siJl H TeKeT OpaBHJl bHO. [ H3.Te, a BH 3pO· 3YMiJlH TeKCT? fHam: TaK. AJle H xO'lY SanHTaTH. Moama? BUKJ/.aiJd'l: BY./.l.b JlaCKa. fHam: KOJIH MH SamSa€MO CJIoao wHeaTH», a KOJlH «HanHeaTl-l»? BUKAaiJd'l: TaK, H 3p03yMis sawe 3anHTaIlHH . 3apa3 MH nOBTopMMO. Cllyxai"lTe ysam· HO MOl sammiHHH i s ianosiai. LlmOHe, uto Sli P06HJlIi slI.opa? D.:JKXJH: Yllopa spaHui H cHiaaB, a n&riM '1HTaB 'I'eKC1'. ) BUKJWodll: BH n pO'l HTaJlH 1eKcT? D.'JKXJIl: Hi, H '1HTaB, a;.l]e He npO'lHTaB ao KiHUH. 51 TiJlbKH nOllas, aJle He 3aK i HlIHB . TeKC1' Ciys Jl.Yme BamKHH. BWCAaiJdll: .uoope, .D.moHe! Mepi, CKa}ldTb, 6Y)l.b JlaCKa , utO BH POCiHJlH B'IOpa? M epi: Y40pa H npaUiosaJla i s ia n04HSaJla. BUKAaiJd,,: A mo BH SpOOHJlH Bllopa? M epi: Yllopa H nO)l.H BHJlaCb ¢liJlbM, HaRHcaJla 3aS)l.aHHH i npOllHTaJla onOSi)l.aHHH. BUKJlaiJall: nerpe, uta SH pOO11J1lt B'IOpa? flemp6: Y'lopa [HaT i H npaUIOSaJlH H Si)l.nO'lHSaJlH pa30M. BUKJlaiJdrc A utO SH 3po6HJIH? flemp6: 51 KynHs niJl.pY'lHHK, npO'lHTaS TeKCTH, npacJlyxao MarHi'I'0!p6HHHH 3aRlic, HaoHcaB saBdHHH i SHS'IHS cJlosa. BUKJlaiJd'l: Bli 3pOOHJlH ./.I.pyr e 3aS.n:8.HHH? flemp6: Hi . H nO'las oHeaTH apyre 3aSJI.8.HHH, aJle He HaOHCaS. BUKJlaiJdll: n paBHJlbHo! A Tenep, rHaTe, SH 3P03YMiJlH? fHam: TaK, )l.HKYIO. 51 3P03YMiB: nHeaTH -lUO pOOHTH?, HanHeaTH - mo 3poCiHTlI? MomHa CKa3aTH: «51 )l.osro nHeas 3aB)l.aHHH i HanHeas, 3aKiHlIHs. BOlla OHeaJla 3aS)l.aHHH, aJle He HanHCB:Jla, He 3al
127
LESSON 6
DIALOGUES
•
MUxOJla: .u06pH,neHb, Ll)Kollel 113fC()H: ll.66poro paHKY, MMK6JJO Is3HOBH'l.yl M uKOAa: Bll cHiAaJIH? 113fC()H: TaK, H B>Ke nocHi,n;3a.
MUlcOJla: .ae P.'JICOH:
Bll
nocHi.aaml?
51 JlI06JJ0 Ka
TaM CMaqHO r o-
TYfOTb.
ll'JIC()H :
51
"is CMallH i
MUKOAa: 51 TaKOIK TaM lI8.CTO cHi.ll.afO. mo TaM 6yJJO CbOrOll.Hi? /13fC()H: PH>KaHKa, nHpir, BapeHHKH ... MUKOAa: Blf iJlli n Hpif 'l.H BapeHHKH? aapeHHKH Ii nnB CM3lIHY psi>K3HKY.
MUKOAa: Bn Bme nHJIlt KaBy? l/.'JICOH: ll.I,e Hi. TyT 6ntl3bKO 6yrpeT. T aM Mil BHn'EMO Kaay. MUKOJla: 4 YAoeoi
•nemp6:
CK3>KiTb, 6YAb micKa, ue UiJlbHHH (vacant)
CTiJl? O¢i~icmm:
TaK. Ci,n,afire, 6Y)l;h JI
MeHlo (menu).
ll'JlCOH: neTpe, TYT rOTYlOTb YKpalHCbKi crpaBH? ilemp6: 3811'1 ill1HOI T YT Ay>t
M epi: Sl TaKO)/{. nemp6: D.66pe. Ha .II.pyre (for the main dish): YKpaIH-
CbKa KOB6aca (sausage), pH6a (fish), B3P!!HIIKII ... Mepi: T YT CMa'iIiO (tasty) rOTylOTb YKpaiHcbKY KOB6acy. flemp6: BH TaKO)/{ 1cnlMere KOB6acy? P''JICOH: Sf nOKJla.lUi.lO : b Ha saw CMaK (I rely on your taste). OcfJiu,idHm: llJ,0 Bll 6Y.ll.ere 3aMOBJUlTH? nemp6: 6 Y.ll.b mkKa , Ha 3aKycKY (for an ap petizer) CaJlaTH, Ha nepwe OOplU., Ha .ll.PYre YKpaiHcbKY KOB6acy. OtjJil{itiHm: BH nHTliMere: 8l1HO (wine), flHBO (beer)? nemp6; Mepi, TH n'€llJ Illiao? Mepi: 0 Hi! 51 JII06Jllo llIaMrulHcbKe (champagne). nemp6: npHHeciTb (bring), 6Y.ll.b micKa, lllaMflaH CbKe H BO.ll.Y. A Ha llecepT - $PYKTH (fruit), Kaay, TicTe'iKa (pastry) ... M epi: ... i MOp03HBO (ice cream) .
Apysi Tapac, OJleHa 11 K cboro)l,Hi oAeplKanH .Q.HRJlOMH (received diplomas). A ue KaHaJl.ui - Mepi, n eTpo 11 n}KOH. Tapac: D,Y>Ke npHEMHol Ci)l,aihe, 6Y.II.b JlacKal Mepi: 0, SlKi1H nipHHH (what a nice) criJlI r amfHo, ue TH npHrorYBaJla? r aAUHa: Hi, He TiJlbKH H. 51 rOTYBaJla CaJiaTH, pH6y" BapeHHKH. A KYPKY (chicken) H TicreqKa rOTyaaJla OJleHa. P''JKOH: Ue Jl.Y)Ke rapHo H CMaqHot OMHa: e.a.ip i Tapac TaKO)K rOTYBaJlH se':leplO (supper). flemp6: A utO BOHH Sp06HJlH? raJU1Ha: BOHH KYnltJlH SHHO. lPMip: I KSiTH TelKl (And flowers, tool) M epi: KaiTH Jl.Y)Ke raPHi. Tapdl:: .uPysi, II nponoHylO TOCT 3a sawe S.n,opOB'SlI (I propose a toast to your health I) P':JfCIJH: 3a aawi ycnlXHI (To your successes!) WORDS AND EXPRESS I ONS
CTpau d ish .i.... III1A ad; vacant MelllO menu lIa nEp we for the fi rs t course OOp1ll. borshch (Ukr. cabbage or beet soup) lIa .lPYre for the main course Ko_Gad sa usage PKGa fish CMa'tllo tasty lIa saqrCKY for an appetize r _11116 wine nAil(! beer nplllteciTioI Bring! waMn'"GKe champagne
Ha AecEpT for dessert 41PYKTK pi frult TfcTe'tIlO pastry MOpOOKlO ice cream n03Aopo_mho l Congratulations! O...ePlfI.aTH AlInJl6M to receive a dip loma ripIIHA ad; good, nice, lovely niplIo adu well, good KYPKa hen, chicken kilTII pi flowers .II nOk......ulOC.. lIa law CM8K. I rely on your taste. 3a .awe 3A0p6.' ,.! To your health. 3a .awl ycnixlIl To your successes.
COMMENTARY AND EXERCISES
The Noun. The Accusative Case Denoting Direct ObJect The noun in Ukrainian has seven different forms called cases, wh ich denote the relationship that a noun has to the other words in the same sentence. In the prev ious lessons we gave two cases: the nominative case (init ial form of the noun) which answers the questions w,o? xmo? (what? who?) and the vocative form of ad· dress. Now we are ready to begin the accusative case which answers the question U(Q? (what?) and is used to denote the direct object of the action expressed by the verb. 5 -4-1 945
129
Nominative
Accusative
mo ue? Ue ra3eTa.
m o BiH 'iHTae? BiH lJHT
Read the following sentences. Observe the endings -yo -10 received by femi nine nouns in the accusative case singu lar: Nominative mo ue? Ue KOCTIDM. Ue OJJiBeub. Ue manKa. Ue CYKHH. L.J.e MOJJOKO. Ue KBiTH.
A ccusa ti v e m o BOHa Kynye? BOHa Kynye KOCTIDM. BOHa Kynye oJliaeub. BOHa Kynye manKY. BOHa Kynte CYKHIO; BOlla Kynye MOJlOKO. BOHa Kyny€ KSiTH.
Every verb requires a particular case which in practice can be determined by means of the quest ions that shoul d be memorized when learning the verbs: e. g. nucGmu (U{O?) means that the verb nuctimu requires the accusative case answering the question ~o? (what?) . Read the following. Observe the verbs which govern the accusative case. lll,o mo lll,o lllo lllo mo
aiH 'fHTae? BOHa cnyxae? BOHH nH CaJlH? TH KYIlHJla? BOHa roTye? BOIlH OrJlliHYJlH? lllo BOHH 3aMOBHJlH? mo BH BHBlJaeTe?
BiH lJHTae mypH
A. Open the brackets and answer the questions. E x amp Ie: uto BiH Kynye? (36wHT) Bi ll Kynye 36w1IT.
t . mo lJHTae nerpo? (KHHIKKa) 2. mo rOTye MaTIl? (aelJepH) 3. I.U.o mime 6paT? (JlHCTH) 4. m o BH KynyeTe? (cYBeHip) 5. mo CJlyxae CeCTpa? (nicHR) 6. mo Jl06.nRTb AiTH? (MOpOOHBO) 7. mo nHCaB .ll.pyr? (BnpaBa) 8. mo OrJlHAalOTb TYPHCTH? (MY3eH) 130
6opl1l., cyn, camiT, XOJlOJleUb; caJlO, M'sioo, MaCJIO, TicTellKO; pu6y, KYPK Y, KOB6acy, CMeTaHY, l'IellHJO; BapellHKH, KOTJlCTH, ~PYKTH ... - lIlo BH JIIOC'iHTe - 6opl1l. llH cyn? - 51 JlI06J1lO 6opl1l.. - llI,o BH 6Y)l.eTe iCTH - KYPKy lIH pu6y? - 51 ICTUMY pu6y. - llI,o BU 6Y1I.eTe nUTH - lIan lin Kaay? - 51 mhHM Y KaBY.
e. Make up dialogues as shown
MO-
In the example.
E x amp I e: BOpLU. Cyn. BII OYAere feTlI OoPLU 'III eyn? Mli fcTIIMCMO OoPLU (eYII).
Ka Ba. MOJIOK6. BII 6yneTe miTIl dBY 'Iii MOJIOK6? Mil miTIlMeMo day (MOJIoJ{6).
I. caJlO. M'sico. 2. CaJlaT. XOJlO)l.eUb. 3. PH6a. KYPKa. 4. lJaii. KaBa. 5. KOB6aca, 51ellHA. 6. BapeHHKH. KOTJleTH. 7. MOJlOKO. Psi>KaHKa. 8. M'sico. PH6a. 9. nUBO. BO.1I.a. 1O.¢PYKTH. TicTellKa. I I. Bod. CiK. D. Learn the conjugation of the following verbs: iCTIl (to eat)
mini (to drink)
I
Prc se nt T ense
•
"Dill, BOlla
TM, Tell, iCTb,
,'~
lI'elli
,',
•• '"
BOlli!
11016,
n'eM6
kTl!,
n'ere
i.llRTb,
n'IOTb
P ast Ten se BiH (H. TIl) BOll3 (H, Til) BOHIi (10111, BII)
IB,
,.IJla, IJlII,
'"
IIIIJl3 nllJlJi
E. Choose the needed verb for each sentence and use It III the Present and Past Tenses: E x amp I e: tCTH nRTIl Bi ll .. . MOJIOK6, a BOlla ..• Tlcre'lKo. Bill n'e MOJIOK6. a !lOlia iCTb Ticre'lKO, Bill IlIIB MOJIOK6, a BOlla fJla TiCTe'lKO.
1. Ha nepwe MH .,. cyn, a MHKMa ... 6opl1l., 2. faHHO, l1l.0 Tn ... ? - 51 ... BapeHUnerpo '" Ke¢>ip, a Mepi Ii LI.>KOH ... lIaH. 4. Mosi nO)l.pyra ... MOP03HBO, a H ,., KaIY, 5, IIJ.o nerpo ... Ha 3aKycKY? - Bili ". CaJiaT. a Mepi '" ciK. 6. 51 ..• pH6y. a MiA 6paT ." KOB6acY. 7. LI.PY3i ... YKpaiHcbKi CTpaBH. 8. TH ... aapeHHKH BpaHui? - Hi, H BapeHnKH B)l.eHb. IeH,3.
F. Answer the questions usIng the words given in brackets.
E x amp I e: lila Bill iB? (CM3T, pJi6a) Bill is CWT i pil6y.