UNIT
CONVERSIONS
[email protected]
Written by Gabor Nemeth
Conversion from metric to English unit Metr.symbol mm m m km l l l m3 N kg kPa Mpa bar N.m kg.m kg/m kg/l kg/l kg/m3 m3/h l/m l/m l/m l/m kPa/m bar/m kPa/m bar/m kW 103daN.km
Multiply by 0.03937 3.28084 1.09361 0.621373 0.264178 0.219976 0.0353147 6.28994 0.224809 2.20462 0.145038 145.038 14.5038 0.737561 7.23301 0.671971 8.34523 62.4278 0.3505 150.959 0.001917 0.0107640 0.0805214 0.0062899 0.0442076 4.42076 0.145038 14.5038 1.34102 0.69832
Eng.name inches feet yards miles(land) gallons(US) gallons(UK) cubic feet barrel pounds pounds psi psi psi foot pounds foot pounds pounds/foot pounds/gallon pounds/cu.ft pounds/barrel barrel/day barrel/foot cu foot/foot US gallon/foot barrel/meter psi/foot psi/foot psi/meter psi/meter horse power Ton.mile
Conversion from English to metric unit Eng.symbol in ft yd mile(st) gal(US) gal(UK) cu.ft bbl lbs lbs psi psi psi ft.lb ft.lb lb/ft ppg pcf lb/bbl bbl/day bbl/ft cu.ft/ft gal/ft bbl/m psi/ft psi/ft psi/m psi/m hp Ton.mile
Multiply by 25.4 0.3048 0.9144 1.60934 3.78533 4.54596 28.3168 0.158984 4.44822 0.453592 6.894745 0.0068947 0.0689475 1.35582 0.138255 1.48816 0.119829 0.0160185 2.85307 0.00662433 521.601 92.090289 12.4191 158.984 22.62055 0.2262055 6.894745 0.0689475 0.7457 1.43201
Metr.symbol mm m m km l l l m3 N kg kPa Mpa bar N.m kg.m kg/m kg/l kg/l kg/m3 m3/h l/m l/m l/m l/m kPa/m bar/m kPa/m kPa/m kW 103daN.km
Conversion between metric units
Calculations Metr.quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3000 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Eng.result 0.03937 3.28084 1.09361 0.621373 0.264178 0.219976 0.0353147 6.28994 0.224809 2.20462 0.145038 145.038 14.5038 0.737561 21699.03 0.671971 8.34523 62.4278 0.3505 150.959 0.001917 0.010764 0.0805214 0.0062899 0.0442076 4.42076 0.145038 14.5038 1.34102 0.69832
Eng.quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Calculations
1. oldal
Metr.result 25.4 0.3048 0.9144 1.60934 3.78533 4.54596 28.3168 0.158984 4.44822 0.453592 6.894745 0.0068947 0.0689475 1.35582 0.138255 1.48816 0.119829 0.0160185 2.85307 0.00662433 521.601 92.090289 12.4191 158.984 22.62055 0.2262055 6.894745 0.0689475 0.7457 1.43201
"A"
"B"
Metr.symbol bar bar N daN N.m 0 C
Multiply by 100 0.1 0.102 1.02 0.102 9/5*0C+32
"C"
"A"
"B"
Eng.symbol in ft yd yd sq in sq ft sq yd acres cu in gal(US) cu ft gal(US) oz lb gal/ft cu.ft/ft gal/ft ppg
Multiply by 0.0833333 0.333333 0.0005682 0.0004929 0.0069444 0.111111 0.0002066 0.0015625 0.0005787 0.1336777 0.1781113 0.0238095 0.0625 0.0005 0.1336777 0.1781113 0.0238095 7.48068
Metr.symbol kPa MPa kg kg kg.m 0 F
"D"
"E"
"F"
Metr.symbol kPa MPa kg kg kg.m 0 F
Multiply by 0.01 10 9.80665 0.980665 9.80665 5/9*(0F-32)
Metr. Symbol bar bar N daN N.m 0 C
Conversion between british units "C" "D" "E" Eng.symbol ft yd Mile (stat) Mile (naut.) sq ft sq yd acre sq mile(stat) cu ft cu ft bbl bbl lbs sh. tn cu.ft/ft bbl/ft bbl/ft pcf
Eng.symbol ft yd Mile (stat) Mile (naut.) sq ft sq yd acre sq mile(stat) cu ft cu ft bbl bbl lbs sh. tn cu.ft/ft bbl/ft bbl/ft pcf
Multiply by 12 3 1760 2029 144 9 4840 640 1728 7.48068 5.614467 42 16 2000 7.48068 5.614467 42 0.1336777
"A"quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1
"C"result 100 0.1 0.102 1.02 0.102 33.8
"D"quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1
"F"result 0.01 10 9.80665 0.980665 9.80665 -17.22222
Calculations "F" Eng.symbol in ft yd yd sq in sq ft sq yd acre cu in gal(US) cu ft gal(US) oz lbs gal/ft cu.ft/ft gal/ft ppg
2. oldal
"A"quantiy 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
"C"result 0.0833333 0.333333 0.0005682 0.0004929 0.0069444 0.111111 0.0002066 0.0015625 0.0005787 0.1336777 0.1781113 0.0238095 0.0625 0.0005 0.1336777 0.1781113 0.0238095 7.48068 0 0 0 0 0
"D"quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
"F"result 12 3 1760 2029 144 9 4840 640 1728 7.48068 5.614467 42 16 2000 7.48068 5.614467 42 0.1336777 0 0 0 0 0
KICK SHEET / driller's method in metric units /
[email protected] Written by Gabor Nemeth Fill in ONLY the blue & yellow cells with data and the program will calculate by itself !!! WELL:
DATE:
Mud pump data
DP 2
Well data
DC 1
DC 2
HWDP
DP 1
Hole size 8.5 in Pump Pump1.output Pump2.output 3 3 Original mud density cap. 0.0162 0 m /str m /str 3 3 OMD 1490 Present pump output in use 0.0162 kg/m m /str Slow Pump Pressures/SPP/ Casing shoe data 9 SCR Size 9.625 in 9 str/min pump1. pump2. Yield pres. 47300 kPa 118.42105 15 0 kPa 0 kPa M.depth 1900 m 118.42105 20 0 kPa 0 kPa TV.depth 1900 m 25 0 kPa 0 kPa Hole depth 30 2800 kPa 0 kPa M.depth 3600 m 35 0 kPa 0 kPa TV.depth 3600 m 40 0 kPa 0 kPa Present Slow Pump Pressure and SCR TVD of bit 3600 m Bit P.of LOT 30 2800 kPa at surface 12000 kPa MW.LOT-Mud weight during test 1240.00 kg/m3 W.o-gradient of mud in test MAASPOMD-Maximum allowable annulus surface pressure with original mud W.o=MW.LOT * 9,81/1000 12.16 kPa/m MAASPOMD=FBD-((OMD*9,81*TVDcsgshoe)/1000)FBD-Formation breakdown pressure FBD=P.of LOT+(TVDcsg.shoe * W.o) 7340 kPa 35112 kPa MAASPOMD MW.max-maximum mud weight fbd-formation breakdown gradient MW.max=FBD * 1000/(9,81 * TVDcsgshoe) fbd=FBD/TVDcsg.shoe 18.48 kPa/m 3 MW.max 1884 W.1-gradient of original mud kg/m W.1=OMD * 9,81/1000 14.62 kPa/m Pump strokes Time Pre-recorded data Length m Cap.m3/m Volume m3 Volume/pump cap. Pump strs/SPM Surface line 50 0.009 0.45 28 str. 1 min. DP.1 3340 0.0091 30.39 1876 str. 63 min. DP.2 0 0 0.00 0 str. 0 min. HWDP 0 0 0.00 0 str. 0 min. 260 0.00401 1.04 64 str. 2 min. DC1 0 0 0.00 0 str. 0 min. DC2 Drill string volume (surface to bit) 31.89 1968 str. 66 min. OH - without string 0 0.03661 0.00 0 str. 0 min. 260 0.0152 3.95 244 str. 8 min. DC1-Op.hole 0 0 0.00 0 str. 0 min. DC2-Op.hole HWDP-OP.hole 0 0 0.00 0 str. 0 min. DP.1-Op.hole 1440 0.02345 33.77 2084 str. 69 min. Open hole volume (bit to shoe) 37.72 2328 str. 78 min. 0 0 0.00 0 str. 0 min. DC1-Csg 0 0 0.00 0 str. 0 min. DC2-Csg HWDP-Csg 0 0 0.00 0 str. 0 min. DP.1-Csg 1900 0.02503 47.56 2936 str. 98 min. DP.2-Csg 0 0 0.00 0 str. 0 min. Total ann.volume (bit to surface) 85.28 5264 str. 175 min. Total mud volume in the hole 117.16 7232 str. 241 min. Active surface volume 150.00 9259 str. 309 min. Total volume total volume in hole+active surface volume 267.16 16492 str. 550 min.
3. oldal
NOTE: basic data readable data calculated data Kick data Fill in ONLY the blue & yellow cells with data and the program will calculate by itself !!! SIDPP-Shut in drill pipe pressure 3500 kPa SICP-Shut in casing pressure 5000 kPa Gain-Pit gain 1.80 m3 Kick calculations KMD-Kill mud density KMD=OMD+(102 * (SIDPP+SP)/TVD bit SP-safety pressure /usually 145 psi/ Barite required
(dw x (KMW-OMW))/(dw-KMW)
dw-Barite density Total barite weight to be added =barite requirement * total volume Volume increase due to barite
4200
kg/m3 kPa kg/m3 3 kg/m
42620 10.15 6300 2986 3314 1.68
kg 3 m kPa kPa kPa kPa/str
1589 0
total barite/barite spec.grav.
159.53
pressure /kPa/
ICP-Initial circulating pressure ICP=SIDPP+SPP+SP FCP-Final circulating pressure FCP=SPP*(KMD/OMD) E=ICP-FCP E/Drill string volume in strokes Static and circulating pressure behaviour strokes pressure static and circulating pressure behaviour /metric units/ 0 6300 100 6132 200 5963 12000 300 5795 11000 400 5627 10000 500 5458 600 5290 9000 700 5122 8000 800 4953 7000 900 4785 6000 1000 4617 1100 4448 5000 1200 4280 4000 1300 4111 3000 1400 3943 2000 1500 3775 1000 1600 3606 1700 3438 0 1800 3270 strokes 1900 3101 1968 2986 Expected circulation status of driller's method Circ.period Strokes Pdp Pcsg MAASP 0 Start 6300 5000 7340 2328 6300 5000 7340 Infl.at shoe Infl.at surface 4736 6300 8498 12338 5264 6300 3500 7340 Infl. in air 7232 2986 3500 7340 KM at bit 9561 2986 1548 7340 KM at shoe KM at surface 12496 2986 0 5492
4. oldal
NOTE: basic data readable data calculated data Calculations Fill in ONLY the blue & yellow cells with data and the program will calculate by itself !!! P.omd-hidrostatic pressure of the original mud P.omd=(OMD * TVD * 9,81)/1000 52621 kPa P.form-formation pressure P.form=SIDPP+P.omd 56121 kPa H.f-lenght of influx at bottom H.f=G/V.ab 118 m r-ratio between bottom hole and surface volumes r=V.ab/V.as 0.61 K-ratio between depth and specific gravity 0.72 d1-original mud specific gravity 1.49 kg/l M.A.C.P.=Yield pres.* 0,80 M.A.C.P.-max.annulus casing pressure 37840 kPa P.Amax.-max. annulus pressure 2 8498 kPa P.Amax=SIDPP/2+root2(SIDPP /4+9,81*(K*G*d1*Pform)/Vas H.s-lenght of influx at surface H.s=P.form/P.Amax * (K * r * H.f) 342 m V.gas-volume of influx at surface V.gas=H.s * V.as/1000 8.56 m3 Strokes of V.gas Strokes of V.gas=V.gas/pump input 528 str's D.influx-density of influx D.influx=OMD-((SICP-SIDPP) * 1000/(9,81 * H.f) 199 kg/m3 Possible Kick Type Gas Dp-pressure changing issued from mud density changing 1848 kPa Dp=((KMD-OMD) * 9,81 * csg.shoe depth)/1000 5492 kPa MAASP KMD MAASP KMD=MAASPOMD-delta p. MAAS+-you can increase the MAASP if the gas reached the surface MAASP+=(OMD-D.influx) * H.s * 0,052 4998 kPa MAASPgs-if the gas reached the surface(MAASPmax.) 12338 kPa MAASPgs=MAASPOMD+MAASP+= (MAASPmax.) 1500 kPa DSICP- SICP changing based on a certain time. Rgm-gas migration 103 m Rgm=DSICP/W1 34272 kPa New Pshoe New Pshoe=((OMW * TVDshoe * 9,81)/1000+SICP+DSICP V1=Volume of mud to be bled off due to New Pshoe 1.85 V1=((Phidr+SIDPP) * Gain)/(Phidr+SIDPP-DSICP) m3 Max.pit gain-pit gain when influx reached the surface Max.pit gain=0,158984*4*root2(P.form(psi)*G(bbl)*Vas(bbl/ft))/OMW(ppg)) 12 m3 Analysis of driller's method /metric unit/ 12338
15000 14000 13000 12000
7340
5492
8498
7340
8000
7340
9000
7340
10000 7340
Pressures /kPa/
11000
7000 6000 5000
6300
6300
5000
5000
6300
6300
4000 3500
3000
3500
2986
2986
2986
2000 1548
1000
0
0 Start
Infl.at shoe
Infl.at surface
0
2328
4736
Infl. in air
KM at bit
KM at shoe
KM at surface
5264
7232
9561
12496
strokes
Pdp Pcsg MAASP
5. oldal
NOTE: basic data
readable data
6. oldal
calculated data
7. oldal
8. oldal
9. oldal
KICK SHEET / driller's method in field units /
[email protected] Written by Gabor Nemeth Fill in ONLY the blue & yellow cells with data and the program will calculate by itself !!! WELL:
DATE:
Mud pump data
DP 2
Well data
DC 1
DC 2
HWDP
DP 1
Hole size 8 1/2 in Original mud density OMD 12.43 ppg Casing shoe data 9 Size 9 5/8 in 9 Yield pres. 6860 psi 388.5611 M.depth 6234 ft 388.5611 TV.depth 6234 ft Hole depth M.depth 11811 ft TV.depth 11811 ft TVD of bit 11811 ft Bit P.of LOT at surface 1740 psi MAASPOMD-Maximum allowable annulus surface pressure with original mud MAASPOMD=FBD-(OMD*0,052*TVDcsgshoe) 1064 psi MAASPOMD MW.max-maximum mud weight MW.max=FBD/(0,052 * TVDcsgshoe) MW.max 15.72 ppg
Pre-recorded data Length ft Cap.bbl/ft Surface line 164 0.017 DP.1 10958.01 0.017445 DP.2 0 0 HWDP 0 0 853.02 0.007687 DC1 0.00 0 DC2 Drill string volume (surface to bit) OH - without string 0 0.070187 853.02 0.029138 DC1-Op.hole 0.00 0 DC2-Op.hole HWDP-OP.hole 0 0 DP.1-Op.hole 4724.41 0.044954 Open hole volume (bit to shoe) 0 0 DC1-Csg 0 0 DC2-Csg HWDP-Csg 0 0 DP.1-Csg 6233.60 0.047983 DP.2-Csg 0 0 Total ann.volume (bit to surface) Total mud volume in the hole Active surface volume Total volume total volume in hole+active surface volume
Pump Pump1.output Pump2.output cap. 0.1019 bbl/str 0.098 bbl/str Present pump output in use 0.1019 bbl/str Slow Pump Pressures/SPP/ SCR str/min pump1. pump2. 15 130 psi 110 psi 20 190 psi 170 psi 25 270 psi 240 psi 30 406 psi 350 psi 35 490 psi 420 psi 40 560 psi 500 psi Present Slow Pump Pressure and SCR 30 406 psi MW.LOT-Mud weight during test 10.35 ppg W.o-gradient of mud in test W.o=MW.LOT * 0,052 0.54 psi/ft FBD-Formation breakdown pressure FBD=P.of LOT+(TVDcsg.shoe * W.o) 5095 psi fbd-formation breakdown gradient fbd=FBD/TVDcsg.shoe 0.82 psi/ft W.1-gradient of original mud W.1=OMD * 0,052 0.65 psi/ft Pump strokes Time Vol.bbl Volume/pump cap. Pump strs/SPM 2.79 27 str. 1 min. 191.16 1876 str. 63 min. 0.00 0 str. 0 min. 0.00 0 str. 0 min. 6.56 64 str. 2 min. 0.00 0 str. 0 min. 200.51 1968 str. 66 min. 0.00 0 str. 0 min. 24.86 244 str. 8 min. 0.00 0 str. 0 min. 0.00 0 str. 0 min. 212.38 2084 str. 69 min. 237.24 2328 str. 78 min. 0.00 0 str. 0 min. 0.00 0 str. 0 min. 0.00 0 str. 0 min. 299.11 2935 str. 98 min. 0.00 0 str. 0 min. 536.34 5263 str. 175 min. 736.85 7231 str. 241 min. 943.49 9259 str. 309 min. 1680.34
10. oldal
16490
str.
550
min.
NOTE: basic data readable data calculated data Kick data Fill in ONLY the blue & yellow cells with data and the program will calculate by itself !!! SIDPP-Shut in drill pipe pressure 508 psi SICP-Shut in casing pressure 725 psi Gain-Pit gain 11.32 bbl Kick calculations KMD-Kill mud density KMD=OMD+(SIDPP+SP)/(TVD bit * 0,052) SP-safety pressure /usually 145 psi/ Barite required
13.26 0
93903 63.8 914 433 481 0.24
lbs bbls psi psi psi psi/str
55.88
((dw x (KMW-OMW))/(dw-KMW)
dw-Barite density Total barite weight to be added =barite requirement * total volume Volume increase due to barite
35.05
ppg psi lb/bbl ppg
total barite/barite dens * 42
1968
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
pressure /psi/
ICP-Initial circulating pressure ICP=SIDPP+SPP+SP FCP-Final circulating pressure FCP=SPP*(KMD/OMD) E=ICP-FCP E/Drill string volume in strokes Static and circulating pressure behaviour strokes pressure static and circulating pressure behaviour /field units/ 0 914 100 890 200 865 2000 300 841 1800 400 816 500 792 1600 600 767 1400 700 743 1200 800 718 900 694 1000 1000 670 800 1100 645 600 1200 621 1300 596 400 1400 572 200 1500 547 0 1600 523 1700 498 1800 474 strokes 1900 450 1968 433 Expected circulation status of driller's method Strokes Circ.period Pdp Pcsg MAASP 0 Start 914 725 1064 2328 914 725 1064 Infl.at shoe Infl.at surface 4735 914 1233 1790 5263 914 508 1064 Infl. in air 7231 433 508 1064 KM at bit 9559 433 225 1064 KM at shoe KM at surface 12495 433 0 796
11. oldal
NOTE: basic data readable data calculated data Calculations Fill in ONLY the blue & yellow cells with data and the program will calculate by itself !!! P.omd-hidrostatic pressure of the original mud P.omd=OMD * TVD * 0,052 7637 psi P.form-formation pressure P.form=SIDPP+P.omd 8145 psi H.f-lenght of influx at bottom H.f=G/V.ab 389 ft r-ratio between bottom hole and surface volumes r=V.ab/V.as 0.61 K-ratio between depth and specific gravity 0.72 d1-original mud specific gravity 1.49 kg/l M.A.C.P.=Yield pres.* 0,80 M.A.C.P.-max.annulus casing pressure 5488 psi P.Amax.-max. annulus pressure P.Amax=(SIDPP(kPa)/2+root2(SIDPP(kPa)2/4+9,81*(K*G(m3)*d1*Pform(kPa))/Vas(m3))*0,145038 1233 psi H.s-lenght of influx at surface H.s=P.form/P.Amax * (K * r * H.f) 1122 ft V.gas-volume of influx at surface V.gas=H.s * V.as 53.84 bbl Strokes of V.gas Strokes of V.gas=V.gas/pump input 528 str's D.influx-density of influx D.influx=OMD-(SICP-SIDPP)/(H.f * 0,052) 1.69 ppg Possible Kick Type Gas Dp-pressure changing issued from mud density changing 268 psi Dp=(KMD-OMD) * 0,052 * csg.shoe depth 796 psi MAASP KMD MAASP KMD=MAASP1-delta p. MAAS+-you can increase the MAASP if the gas reached the surface MAASP+=(OMD-D.influx) * H.s * 0,052 726 psi MAASPgs-if the gas reached the surface(MAASPmax.) 1790 psi MAASPgs=MAASPOMD+MAASP+= (MAASPmax.) 218 psi DSICP- SICP changing based on a certain time. Rgm-gas migration 336 ft Rgm=DSICP/W1 4973 psi New Pshoe New Pshoe=(OMW * TVDshoe * 0,052)+SICP+DSICP V1=Volume of mud to be bled off due to New Pshoe 12 bbl V1=((Phidr+SIDPP) * Gain)/(Phidr+SIDPP-DSICP) Max.pit gain-pit gain when influx reached the surface Max.pit gain=4 * root2((P.form * G * Vas)/OMW) 75 bbl
Analysis of driller's method /field unit/
1790
2200 2000 1800
1064
796
1233
1064
1064
1200
1064
1400
1064
Pressures /psi/
1600
1000 800 600
914
914
725
725
914
914
508
400
508
433
200
433
433
225 0
0 Start
Infl.at shoe
Infl.at surface
0
2328
4735
Infl. in air
KM at bit
KM at shoe
KM at surface
5263
7231
9559
12495
strokes
Pdp Pcsg MAASP
12. oldal
NOTE: basic data
readable data
calculated data
13. oldal
14. oldal
15. oldal
16. oldal
8000 m
7500 m
7000 m
6500 m
6000 m
5500 m
5000 m
4500 m
4000 m
3500 m
3000 m
2500 m
0
400 500 m 1.8 600 700 1.7800 900 1000 m 1.6 1100 1200 1300 1.5 1400 1500 m 1.4 1600 1700 1800 1.3 1900 2000 m 2100 1.2 2200 2300 1.1 2400 2500 m 2600 1 2700 2800 0.9 2900 3000 m 3100 0.8 3200 3300 3400 0.7 3500 m 3600 0.6 3700 3800 3900 0.5 4000 m 4100 4200 0.4 4300 4400 0.3m 4500 4600 4700 4800 4900 5000 m 5100
2000 m
200
1.9300
1500 m
0
"K" 100
1000 m
meter
Balancing specific gravity Balancing specific gravity Depth 1,2 kg/l 1,5 kg/l 1,8 kg/l 2,1 kg/l 1,2 kg/l 1,5 kg/l 1,8 kg/l 2,1 kg/l meter Coefficient "K" Coefficient "K" See all of data behind this 1.86 1.85 1.84 1.83 5300 chart 0.6 0.55 0.5 0.46 1.81 1.8 1.79 1.77 5400 0.595 0.54 0.495 0.45 1.76 1.73 1.72 1.71 5500 m 0.59 0.535 0.49 0.445 1.7 1.67 1.61 1.6 5600 0.58 0.53 0.48 0.44 1.65 1.61 1.55 1.54 5700 0.57 0.52 0.475 0.43 1.6 1.55 1.5 1.49 5800 0.565 0.515 0.47 0.425 1.57 1.52 1.45 1.43 5900 0.56 0.51 0.46 0.42 1.52 1.47 1.41 1.39 6000 m 0.555 0.5 0.455 0.41 1.48 1.43 1.35 1.33 6100 0.55 0.495 0.45 0.4 1.44 1.38 1.31 1.27 6200 0.54 0.49 0.445 0.395 1.41 1.35 1.28 1.24 6300 0.535 0.485 0.44 0.39 1.38 1.31 1.24 1.2 6400 0.53 0.48 0.435 0.385 1.35 1.27 1.2 1.16 6500 m 0.525 0.47 0.425 0.38 1.32 1.24 1.16 1.12 6600 0.52 0.465 0.42 0.375 1.29 1.21 1.13 1.08 6700 0.51 0.46 0.415 0.37 1.25 1.17 1.1 1.05 6800 0.505 0.455 0.41 0.365 1.22 1.14 1.07 1.01 6900 0.5 0.45 0.4 0.36 1.2 1.12 1.04 0.98 7000 m 0.495 0.445 0.395 0.355 1.17 1.09 1.01 0.95 7100 1.14 1.05 0.98 0.92 7200 1.12 1.03 0.96 0.9 7300 1.09 1.01 0.93 0.87 7400 1.06 0.98 0.91 0.85 7500 m 1.04 0.95 0.88 0.82 7600 1.01 0.93 0.86 0.8 7700 0.99 0.9 0.84 0.78 7800 0.97 0.88 0.82 0.76 7900 0.95 0.86 0.8 0.74 8000 m 0.93 0.84 0.78 0.72 0.91 0.82 0.76 0.7 0.89 0.81 0.75 0.69 0.82 #N/A 0.87 0.79 0.73 0.67 0.85 0.77 0.72 0.66 Balancing mud spec.gravity 0.83 0.75 0.7 0.65 0.82 0.74 0.69 0.63 0.8 0.73 0.67 0.62 0.79 0.71 0.66 0.61 0.77 0.7 0.65 0.6 0.76 0.69 0.64 0.59 0.74 0.68 0.63 0.58 0.73 0.67 0.62 0.57 0.72 0.65 0.61 0.56 0.7 0.64 0.6 0.55 1,2 kg/l 0.69 0.63 0.59 0.54 0.68 0.62 0.58 0.53 1,5 kg/l 0.67 0.61 0.57 0.52 1,8 kg/l 0.66 0.6 0.56 0.51 0.65 0.59 0.55 0.5 2,1 kg/l 0.64 0.585 0.54 0.49 0.63 0.58 0.53 0.485 0.625 0.575 0.525 0.48 0.62 0.565 0.52 0.47
500 m
Depth
5200
0.61
0.56
0.51
0.465
Effect of some different problem on pressures, string weight, pit level, pump rate Problem
Choke wash out
Plugging choke
Moderate losses
Total losses
DP pressure
Decrease
Increase
Decrease
Decrease
Ann. pressure
Decrease
Increase
Decrease
Decrease
String weight
Same
Same
Same
Increase
Pit
level
Increase
Same
Decrease
Pump rate /SPM/
Action to be taken
Increase
Keep Pch constant by pinching choke. Close in and continue with other choke
Decrease
Keep Pch constant by opening choke. Close in and continue with other choke
Increase
Mix some LCM and reduce circ. pres. with some psi, but bottom- hole pres.should be higher than form. pres.
Try to spot heavy mud of sufficient weight through the drill string to kill the well from the btm. to the loss Strong Increase, due zone. Considecrease no to less deration must be returns bouyancy given to spotting Barite or Gunk plugs through the drill string to seal off influx from the hole
Drill string wash out
Decrease
Same
Same
Same
Increase
Drill string twist off
Decrease
Same
Decrease
Same
Increase
Plugging bit nozzle
Bit nozzle wash out
Increase
Decrease
Same
Same
Same
Same
Same
Same
Keep Pch constant and conti- nue at lower circ. pressure. If not possible use Volumetric Method
Decrease
Keep Pch constant and conti- nue at higher circ. pressure. If completely plugged, use Volumetric Method
Increase
Keep Pch constant and conti- nue at lower circ. pressure. If not possible use Volumetric Method
Pump failure
Decrease
Decrease
Same
Same
Increase
Keep Pch constant, observe circ. Pressure. Close in and start other pump
LEAK OFF TEST
[email protected]
Written by Gabor Nemeth
Preparations 1. Drill out the casing shoe. / be sure, there is no flapper valve in the string !/ 2. Drill ahead 5-50 ft; (1.5-15 m.) / it depends on company regulation /. 3. Circulate for conditioning mud in the hole. /no cuttings in the mud !/ 4. Get ready a cementing pump with a sensitive pressure gauge. 5. Calculate the pressure loss due to gel strength of mud. 6. Pull the string above the casing shoe. Data Metric unit Field L = length of string 3054.6 m 9000 2 10 lb/100ft 10 to = yield value of mud d = DP ID 3 3/16 in 3 3/16 0 in 8 1/2 dc = casing ID 0 in 5 do = DP OD 2480 m 9000 TVDcsg.shoe = true vertical depth of casing shoe TMW = mud weight during LOT 1280 kg/m3 10.35
unit ft 2 lb/100ft in in in ft ppg
Fill in ONLY the section above with data and the program will calculate by itself !!!
Calculations of pressure losses Pgs-pressure loss due to gel strength of mud Formula to be used, when LOT is performed through DP 94
Pgs=L x (to/(300 x d)) / field unit / Pgs=L x (to/(13,2623 x d)) / metric unit /
psi 723 kPa
Formola to be used, when LOT is performed on annulus 86 psi 0 kPa
Pgs=L x (to/(300 x (dc-do)) / field unit / Pgs=L x (to/(13,2623 x (dc-do)) / metric unit /
Procedure 1. Fill up cementing line & bell nipple with mud by cementing pump and stop pump. 2. Close BOP / bag type or pipe rams / 3. Start cementing pump slowly and as soon as pressure starts to show on the gauge, 3 pump 1/2 bbl / 0,08 m / more and stop pump. 4. Wait some 3 minutes and plot pressure versus volume. 3 5. Pump 1/2 bbl / 0,08 m / more, stop pump, wait 3 minutes and plot the next point on the graph. 6. Continue this way until the pressure increase becomes less than the previous increase i.e. the line on the graph starts bending to the right. This point is the leak off point and gives the value for the MAASP. 3 7. Pump less volume ( say 1/4 bbl / 0,04 m /), wait and plot this point on the graph. Leak off has now started and the pressure reached is the formation break down pressure. 8. Bleed-off pressure, check returns and very carefully repeat pressure building up to get a check on the result. 9. At the end, correct the leak off pressure with Pgs and the result gives the real leak off pressure.
23. oldal
10. IMPORTANT: Do not break the formation but stop when leak off starts!!!
Chart / field unit /
Leak Off Test 4000 3750 3500
2250
2200
2200
2200
2200
2200
2240
2200
2350
2300
2480
2040
2500
2440
2750
2620
2580
3000
2520
3250
1530
2000 1750 1500 1020
Pressure /psi/
Pres. psi Vol. bbl Time min 0 0 0 510 0.5 1 1020 1 2 1530 1.5 3 2040 2 4 2580 2.5 5 2620 3 6 2520 3.5 7 2480 4 8 2440 9 2350 10 2300 11 2240 12 2200 13 2200 14 2200 15 2200 16 2200 17 2200 18 Fill in this chart with data
1250 1000 510
750 500 250
Time /min/
Leak off point pressure
(read on graph and write here)
Calculation of real Leak Off Pressure
2580 psi
/PLOT/
PLOT= Leak off point pressure (read on graph) - pressure loss due to gel strenght 2486 psi 2494 psi
PLOT when LOT is performed through DP PLOT when LOT is performed on annulus
Real leak off pressure determines the Maximum Allowable Annulus Surface Pressure. PLOT=MAASP. MAASP has to be recalculated for the appropriate mud weight. New Mud Weight /NewMW/ ( write here ) 10.35 ppg MAASPnew mud- MAASP with new mud weight
24. oldal
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
2486 psi
MAASPnew mud=MAASP-((NewMW-TMW) x 0,052 x TVDcsg.shoe)
Chart / metric unit /
Leak Off Test 24000 23000 22000
15444
15000
18
16000
15444 15444 15444
14064
17000
16
18000
15513 15478 15444
19000
15996 15720 15582
17788
20000
18133 17926 16547
21000
14000 10548
13000 12000 11000 10000 9000
7032
Pressure /kPa/
Pres.kPa Vol. m3 Time min 0 0 0 3516 0.16 1 7032 0.32 2 10548 0.48 3 14064 0.64 4 17788 0.8 5 18133 0.88 6 17926 0.96 7 16547 0.96 8 15996 9 15720 10 15582 11 15513 12 15478 13 15444 14 15444 15 15444 16 15444 17 15444 18 Fill in this chart with data
8000
7000 3516
6000 5000 4000 3000
2000 1000 14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
Time /min/
Leak off point pressure (read on graph and write here)
Calculation of real Leak Off Pressure
18800 kPa
/PLOT/
PLOT= Leak off point pressure (read on graph) - pressure loss due to gel strenght 18077 kPa 0 kPa
PLOT when LOT is performed through DP PLOT when LOT is performed on annulus
Real leak off pressure determines the Maximum Allowable Annulus Surface Pressure. PLOT=MAASP. MAASP has to be recalculated for the appropriate mud weight. New Mud Weight /NewMW/ ( write here ) 1170 kg/m3 MAASPnew mud- MAASP with new mud weight
25. oldal
MAASPnew mud=MAASP-(((NewMW-TMW) x 9,81 x TVDcsg.shoe)/1000)
26. oldal
20754 kPa
Volumetric Stripping Written by Vilmos Barka
[email protected]
Procedure: 1. Closing in the well. Determine the influx volume.Record pressure at two minute intervals. After closed-in pressures have stabilized complete strip sheet. Further record pressures at five minute intervals or after running in each stand. 2. Determine the volume of mud in the OH/DC annulus equivalent to one psi of hydrostatic head. Equivalent volume per psi = Ann. Volume per ft / Mud gradient ( bbl/psi ) 3. Determine a convenient working pressure increment PW. 4. Convert a selected working pressure PW /psi/ into an equivalent working volume a DV in the OH/DC annulus. ( Recommended 40-50 psi ) 5. Determine the extra back pressure. 6. Adjust the closing pressure on the annular preventer to a minimum, avoid leakage. 7. Allow annulus pressure to build up to Pchoke whilst stripping the first stand. Pchoke = P an. + PS +PW P an > initial closed-in annulus pressure before second built up PS > allowance for the loss of hydrostatic head as DC enter the influx PW > working pressure increment 8. Maintain Pchoke constant whilst stripping pipe. Closed-end displacement of drillpipe is purged into the trip and stripping tank. 9. Avoid excessive surge pressure. 10.Maintain Pchoke constant at the above value until a volume of DV barrels has accumulated into the trip tank. 11.When the additional mud volume DV barrels has accumulated in the trip tank at constant choke pressure, Pchoke is allowed increase again by the value PW now becomes Pchoke (where Pchoke 1 = Pchoke + PW ) 12.Fill each stand and remove any sharp edges or tong marks from the pipe body. 13.By repeating this cycle is maintained nearly constant BHP 14. Any data should be record 15.On bottom the well can be kill using the " driller's method ". Be sure the string is full of mud. Pump slow rate from the bit to the Gray-valve. Stop pump, check trapped pressure and then continue circulation. 16.To avoid differential sticking consider moving the string trough the preventer.
Stripping worksheet
( field unit )
[email protected]
Written by Vilmos Barka Measured depth Csg. Measured depth Total length of DP Number of DP stand DP closed-end cap.: DP capacity: DP metal cap.: Nominal weight of DP ( Wdp ) Tool joint OD ( ODtj )
Dimensions of trip tank: Dimensions of strip tank:
0 0 9433 100 0.0252 0 0 19.50 6.25
ft ft ft
DC C/E cap.: Open hole capacity: OH/DC ann volume: mud weight: Influx volume: Pressure annulus: Pressure drillpipe:
lb/ft 0.0681 bbl/ft 0.0302 bbl/ft 15 ppg bbl/ft 9.5 bbl bbl/ft 180 psi bbl/ft 0 psi Working pres.incr.(Pw) lb/ft 40 psi in influx gradient (pi) : 0.1 psi/ft Cylindrical Tank Rectangle Tank Dia (ft ) H ( ft ) W ( ft ) L ( ft ) H ( ft ) 3.2 8 4 4 8 3.2 8 4 4 4
Fill in ONLY the section above and the program will calculate by itself !!!
Pre Kick Information (to be record on standard kill sheet ) ! Calculation of Wellbore force ( WBF ) WBF= WBF = (ODtj)^2 x 0,7854 x Pann + Ffr Friction factor ( Ffr ) Hence: Minimum necessery weight of string to perform the procedure
6522 lbs 1000 lbs 6522 lbs
Calculation of minimum necessery length of string Length of string ( Ldp )= Ldp= WBF / ( Wdp x BF ) Buoyancy factor= Buoyancy factor = ( 65,5 - MW ) / 65,5 Hence: Minimum necessery length of string to perform the procedure
434 ft 0.77 434 ft
Trip Tank: Total volume Volume per inch Volume per cm
11.45 bbl 0.12 bbl/in 0.05 bbl/cm
22.80 bbl 0.24 bbl/in 0.09 bbl/cm
11.45 bbl 0.12 bbl/in 0.05 bbl/cm
11.40 bbl 0.24 bbl/in 0.09 bbl/cm
Stripping Tank: Total volume Volume per inch Volume per cm
Closed-end Displacement of DP Stand: Average stand length DP C/E displacement
94 ft 2.38 bbl/stand
F factor calculation: F= F= ( 1 / OH cap.) X ( p1 - pi ) X ((Ohcap / [OH/DC ann.cap] ) - 1 ) mud gradient (p1):
12.5 psi/bbl 0.78 psi/ft
Equivalent Working Volume for Volumetric Steps D V: Calculation of the volume in the OH/DC ann. equivalent to the selected loss of hydrostatic pressure. For one psi loss of hydrostatic pressure we calculate the volume. OH/DC ann.vol. per ft. / mud gradient 0.04 bbl/psi DV = Equivalent volume of the selected Pw increment 1.55 bbl The volume per inch in the trip tank 0.12 bbl/inch 0.24 bbl/in The selected Pw /psi/ increment is equivalent 13 inch 6 1/2 in
Calculations for Pchoke : Pchoke = Pchoke = Pan + Ps + Pw 339 psi Ps = Ps = Inf.vol. / OH cap. X (p1-pi) X (( OH cap /[OH/ DCann. Cap]) - 1) 119 psi Ps = Ps = F x influx volume ( bbls ) 119 psi Pan > initial close-in pressure before 2nd build-up. Reading from Ann. press. gauge. Ps > allowance for the loss of hydrostatic head as DC enter the influx. Pw > selected, set for yourself. ( recommended 40-50 psi ) D V > triptank level increase per Pw step F > derived factor
Procedure: 1, Allow Pan to become Pchoke Pchoke= Pann + Ps + Pw 2, After running each stand bleed-off into the stripping tank 20 in 3, When the level in the trip tank increases in, increase Pchoke 6 1/2 in, increase Pchoke 13 4, Repeat this cycle until bit is on bottom.
339 2.38 10 40 40
psi bbl in psi psi
Strip Sheet 339 180 12.5 9.5 119 40
Pchoke= Pchoke = Pann +Ps +Pw P annulus F-factor Volume Influx Ps = Ps = F x Vi Pw selected DV= division in triptank Time
Stand no.
Pchoke
T.T.level Remarks
psi psi psi/bbl bbls psi psi in (cm)
Triptank level with req. Pchoke
T.T. -level
Pch
Stripping worksheet
( metric unit )
[email protected]
Written by Vilmos Barka Measured depth
0m
DC C/E cap.:
Csg. Measured depth
0m
Open hole capacity:
2875.2 m
OH/DC ann volume:
Total length of DP Number of DP stand DP closed-end cap.: DP capacity: DP metal cap.: Nominal weight of DP ( Wdp ) Tool joint OD ( ODtj )
Dimensions of trip tank: Dimensions of strip tank:
100 0.01314 m /m 0 m3/m
0.03552 m3/m 0.01575 m3/m
Influx volume:
1797 kg/m3 1.51 m3
Pressure annulus:
1241 Kpa
mud weight: 3
m3/m
3
0 m /m Pressure drillpipe: 0 Kpa Working pres.incr.(Pw) 29.02 kg/m 276 Kpa 158.75 mm influx gradient (pi) : 2.26 Kpa/m Cylindrical Tank Rectangle Tank Dia (m ) H(m) W (m) L(m) H(m) 0.975 2.44 1.22 1.22 2.44 0.975 2.44 1.22 1.22 1.22
Fill in ONLY the section above and the program will calculate by itself !!!
Pre Kick Information (to be record on standard kill sheet ) ! Calculation of Wellbore force ( WBF ) WBF= WBF = ((ODtj)^2 x p/4 x Pann x 1,02)+ Ffr Friction factor ( Ffr ) Hence: Minimum necessery weight of string to perform the procedure
2959 kg 454 kg 2959 kg
Calculation of minimum necessery length of string Length of string ( Ldp )= Ldp= WBF / ( Wdp x BF ) Buoyancy factor= Buoyancy factor=1-(mud dens./steel dens.) Hence: Minimum necessery length of string to perform the procedure
132 m 0.77 132 m
Trip Tank: Total volume Volume per cm
1.82 m3 7.46 l/cm
3.62 m3 14.86 l/cm
1.82 m3 7.46 l/cm
1.81 m3 14.86 l/cm
Stripping Tank: Total volume Volume per cm
Closed-end Displacement of DP Stand: Average stand length DP C/E displacement
28.75 m 0.378 m3/stand
F factor calculation: F= F= ( 1 / OH cap.) X ( p1 - pi ) X ((Ohcap / [OH/DC ann.cap] ) - 1 ) mud gradient (p1):
543 Kpa/m3 17.63 Kpa/m
Equivalent Working Volume for Volumetric Steps D V: Calculation of the volume in the OH/DC ann. equivalent to the selected loss of hydrostatic pressure. For one psi loss of hydrostatic pressure we calculate the volume. OH/DC ann.vol. per m / mud gradient 0.00089 m3/Kpa DV = Equivalent volume of the selected Pw increment The volume per cm in the trip tank The selected Pw /Kpa/ increment is equivalent
7.46 l/cm 33 cm
0.246 m3 14.86 l/cm 16.6 cm
Calculations for Pchoke :
Pchoke = Pchoke = Pan + Ps + Pw 2337 Kpa Ps = Ps = Inf.vol. / OH cap. X (p1-pi) X (( OH cap /[OH/ DCann. Cap]) - 1) 820 Kpa Ps = Ps = F x influx volume ( m3 ) 820 Kpa Pan > initial close-in pressure before 2nd build-up. Reading from Ann. press. gauge. Ps > allowance for the loss of hydrostatic head as DC enter the influx. Pw > selected, set for yourself. ( recommended 300 Kpa ) D V > triptank level increase per Pw step F > derived factor
Procedure: 1, Allow Pan to become Pchoke Pchoke= Pann + Ps + Pw 2, After running each stand bleed-off into the stripping tank 50.6 cm 3, When the level in the trip tank increases cm, increase Pchoke 16.6 33 cm, increase Pchoke 4, Repeat this cycle until bit is on bottom.
2337 0.38 25.4 276 276
Kpa m3 cm Kpa Kpa
Strip Sheet 2337 Kpa 1241 Kpa 543 Kpa/m3 1.51 m3 820 Kpa 276 Kpa cm
Pchoke= Pchoke = Pann +Ps +Pw P annulus F-factor Volume Influx Ps = Ps = F x Vi Pw selected DV= division in triptank Time
Stand no.
Pchoke
T.T.level Remarks
Triptank level with req. Pchoke
T.T. -level
Pch
General data Open hole capacity size in " cap.in l/m cap.in bbl/m cap.in bbl/ft 26 342.5 2.1543 0.657 16 129.72 0.816 0.249 12 1/4 76.04 0.4783 0.146 8 1/2 36.61 0.2303 0.07 6 18.24 0.1147 0.035 Capacity of csg. size in " weight in lb/ft 9 5/8 53.5 9 5/8 47 7 32 Capacity of DP size in " weight in lb/ft 3 1/2 15.5
5
19.5
Capacity of HWDP size in" weight in lb/ft 3 1/2 25.33
5
49.32
Capacity of DC size in" weight in lb/ft 4 3/4 46.77
cap.in l/m cap.in bbl/m cap.in bbl/ft 36.92 0.232 0.070776 38.19 0.24 0.07321 18.82 0.1184 0.0361
grade S-135
S-135
metal displ. 4 4/5 0.030254 0.009221 9 1/3 0.0589 0.01794
ID in" 2 1/4
4 3/4
39.15
2 13/16
6 1/4
90.85
2 1/4
6 1/2
91.79
2 4/5
8
149.92
2 4/5
metal displ. 3.19 0.0201 0.0061 4.28 0.02692 0.0082
capacity 2.19 0.013775 0.004198 4.61 0.029 0.00884
metal displ. 8.87 0.0558 0.017004 7.422 0.0467 0.0142 17.23 0.1084 0.033 17.4 0.1094 0.0334 28.42 0.1788 0.0545
36. oldal
capacity total displ. dimension 3.41 6.6 l/m 0.02145 0.0415 bbl/m 0.00654 0.01265 bbl/ft 8.97 13.24 l/m 0.05642 0.08334 bbl/m 0.00172 0.02538 bbl/ft
total displ. 7 0.044029 0.013419 13.97 0.0879 0.0268
dimension l/m bbl/m bbl/ft l/m bbl/m bbl/ft
capacity total displ. dimension 2.56 11.43 l/m 0.0161 0.0719 bbl/m 0.004908 0.021911 bbl/ft 4.008 11.43 l/m 0.0252 0.0719 bbl/m 0.0077 0.021911 bbl/ft 2.56 19.79 l/m 0.0161 0.1245 bbl/m 0.005 0.038 bbl/ft 4.01 21.41 l/m 0.0252 0.135 bbl/m 0.0077 0.041 bbl/ft 4.01 32.43 l/m 0.0252 0.204 bbl/m 0.0077 0.0622 bbl/ft
Make up torque For bits size in" 5 1/87 3/8 7 1/29 3/8 9 1/214 1/2 14 5/818 1/2 18 5/8<
Threads
in daNm
in lbft
3 1/2 REG
950-1200
7000-9000
4 1/2 REG
1600-2200
12000-16000
6 5/8 REG
3800-4300
28000-32000
7 5/8 REG 8 5/8 REG
4600-5400 5400-8100
34000-40000 40000-60000
grade S-135 S-135
thread 3 1/2 IF 4 1/2 IF
in daNm 1764 3488
in lbft 13010 25700
S-135 S-135
3 1/2 IF 4 1/2 IF
1557 3030
11480 22350
in lbft 9900 29400
For DP class I. tool joint size in" weight in lb/ft 3 1/2 15.5 5 19.5 premium tool joint 3 1/2 15.5 5 19.5 For HWDP size in" 3 1/2 5
ID in" 2 1/16 3
weight in lb/ft 25.33 49.32
thread 3 1/2 IF 4 1/2 IF
in daNm 1342 3985
For DC size in" 4 3/4 6 1/4 6 1/4 6 1/2 6 1/2 8 8 8 9 9 9 9
ID in" 1 3/4-2 1/2 5 1/4 10 1/2 13 5/16 2 1/4-3 2 1/2 2 13/16 3 3 3 1/4 3 1/2 3 3/4
thread 3 1/2 IF 4 IF 4 IF 4 1/2 IF 4 1/2 IF 6 5/8 REG 6 5/8 REG 6 5/8 REG 7 5/8 REG 7 5/8 REG 7 5/8 REG 7 5/8 REG
in daNm 1342 3796 3457 4000 4000 7730 7190 6780 11250 11250 10710 10030
in lbft 9900 28000 25500 29500 29500 57000 53000 50000 83000 83000 79000 74000
Triplex pump cilinder & stroke output / pump stroke 12"=304,8mm / ID in mm ID in " efficiency in l in bbl 140 5 1/2 100% 14.016 0.0882 140 5 1/2 95% 13.32 0.0864 150 5 29/32 100% 16.159 0.102 150 5 29/32 95% 15.351 0.097 160 6 5/16 100% 18.385 0.1156 160 6 5/16 95% 17.466 0.10986 170 6 11/16 100% 20.7551 0.1305 170 6 11/16 95% 19.717 0.124
37. oldal
in gal 3.703 3.518 4.269 4.055 4.8569 4.6141 5.483 5.21
Conversion table from ppg to kg/l & vica versa Written by Gabor Nemeth ppg kg/l ppg 8.01 0.960 8.54 8.02 0.961 8.55 8.03 0.962 8.56 8.04 0.963 8.57 8.05 0.965 8.58 8.06 0.966 8.59 8.07 0.967 8.6 8.08 0.968 8.61 8.09 0.969 8.62 8.1 0.971 8.63 8.11 0.972 8.64 8.12 0.973 8.65 8.13 0.974 8.66 8.14 0.975 8.67 8.15 0.977 8.68 8.16 0.978 8.69 8.17 0.979 8.7 8.18 0.980 8.71 8.19 0.981 8.72 8.2 0.983 8.73 8.21 0.984 8.74 8.22 0.985 8.75 8.23 0.986 8.76 8.24 0.987 8.77 8.25 0.989 8.78 8.26 0.990 8.79 8.27 0.991 8.8 8.28 0.992 8.81 8.29 0.993 8.82 8.3 0.995 8.83 8.31 0.996 8.84 8.32 0.997 8.85 8.33 0.998 8.86 8.34 0.999 8.87 8.35 1.001 8.88 8.36 1.002 8.89 8.37 1.003 8.9 8.38 1.004 8.91 8.39 1.005 8.92 8.4 1.007 8.93 8.41 1.008 8.94 8.42 1.009 8.95 8.43 1.010 8.96 8.44 1.011 8.97 8.45 1.013 8.98 8.46 1.014 8.99 8.47 1.015 9 8.48 1.016 9.01 8.49 1.017 9.02 8.5 1.019 9.03 8.51 1.020 9.04 8.52 1.021 9.05 8.53 1.022 9.06
kg/l 1.023 1.025 1.026 1.027 1.028 1.029 1.031 1.032 1.033 1.034 1.035 1.037 1.038 1.039 1.040 1.041 1.043 1.044 1.045 1.046 1.047 1.049 1.050 1.051 1.052 1.053 1.054 1.056 1.057 1.058 1.059 1.060 1.062 1.063 1.064 1.065 1.066 1.068 1.069 1.070 1.071 1.072 1.074 1.075 1.076 1.077 1.078 1.080 1.081 1.082 1.083 1.084 1.086
ppg 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.1 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 9.15 9.16 9.17 9.18 9.19 9.2 9.21 9.22 9.23 9.24 9.25 9.26 9.27 9.28 9.29 9.3 9.31 9.32 9.33 9.34 9.35 9.36 9.37 9.38 9.39 9.4 9.41 9.42 9.43 9.44 9.45 9.46 9.47 9.48 9.49 9.5 9.51 9.52 9.53 9.54 9.55 9.56 9.57 9.58 9.59
kg/l 1.087 1.088 1.089 1.090 1.092 1.093 1.094 1.095 1.096 1.098 1.099 1.100 1.101 1.102 1.104 1.105 1.106 1.107 1.108 1.110 1.111 1.112 1.113 1.114 1.116 1.117 1.118 1.119 1.120 1.122 1.123 1.124 1.125 1.126 1.128 1.129 1.130 1.131 1.132 1.134 1.135 1.136 1.137 1.138 1.140 1.141 1.142 1.143 1.144 1.146 1.147 1.148 1.149
38. oldal
ppg 9.6 9.61 9.62 9.63 9.64 9.65 9.66 9.67 9.68 9.69 9.7 9.71 9.72 9.73 9.74 9.75 9.76 9.77 9.78 9.79 9.8 9.81 9.82 9.83 9.84 9.85 9.86 9.87 9.88 9.89 9.9 9.91 9.92 9.93 9.94 9.95 9.96 9.97 9.98 9.99 10 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.1 10.11 10.12
[email protected] kg/l ppg kg/l 1.150 10.13 1.214 1.152 10.14 1.215 1.153 10.15 1.216 1.154 10.16 1.217 1.155 10.17 1.219 1.156 10.18 1.220 1.158 10.19 1.221 1.159 10.2 1.222 1.160 10.21 1.223 1.161 10.22 1.225 1.162 10.23 1.226 1.164 10.24 1.227 1.165 10.25 1.228 1.166 10.26 1.229 1.167 10.27 1.231 1.168 10.28 1.232 1.170 10.29 1.233 1.171 10.3 1.234 1.172 10.31 1.235 1.173 10.32 1.237 1.174 10.33 1.238 1.176 10.34 1.239 1.177 10.35 1.240 1.178 10.36 1.241 1.179 10.37 1.243 1.180 10.38 1.244 1.182 10.39 1.245 1.183 10.4 1.246 1.184 10.41 1.247 1.185 10.42 1.249 1.186 10.43 1.250 1.188 10.44 1.251 1.189 10.45 1.252 1.190 10.46 1.253 1.191 10.47 1.255 1.192 10.48 1.256 1.193 10.49 1.257 1.195 10.5 1.258 1.196 10.51 1.259 1.197 10.52 1.261 1.198 10.53 1.262 1.199 10.54 1.263 1.201 10.55 1.264 1.202 10.56 1.265 1.203 10.57 1.267 1.204 10.58 1.268 1.205 10.59 1.269 1.207 10.6 1.270 1.208 10.61 1.271 1.209 10.62 1.273 1.210 10.63 1.274 1.211 10.64 1.275 1.213 10.65 1.276
ppg 10.66 10.67 10.68 10.69 10.7 10.71 10.72 10.73 10.74 10.75 10.76 10.77 10.78 10.79 10.8 10.81 10.82 10.83 10.84 10.85 10.86 10.87 10.88 10.89 10.9 10.91 10.92 10.93 10.94 10.95 10.96 10.97 10.98 10.99 11 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.1 11.11 11.12 11.13 11.14 11.15 11.16 11.17 11.18 11.19 11.2
kg/l 1.277 1.279 1.280 1.281 1.282 1.283 1.285 1.286 1.287 1.288 1.289 1.291 1.292 1.293 1.294 1.295 1.297 1.298 1.299 1.300 1.301 1.303 1.304 1.305 1.306 1.307 1.309 1.310 1.311 1.312 1.313 1.315 1.316 1.317 1.318 1.319 1.321 1.322 1.323 1.324 1.325 1.327 1.328 1.329 1.330 1.331 1.332 1.334 1.335 1.336 1.337 1.338 1.340 1.341 1.342
ppg 11.21 11.22 11.23 11.24 11.25 11.26 11.27 11.28 11.29 11.3 11.31 11.32 11.33 11.34 11.35 11.36 11.37 11.38 11.39 11.4 11.41 11.42 11.43 11.44 11.45 11.46 11.47 11.48 11.49 11.5 11.51 11.52 11.53 11.54 11.55 11.56 11.57 11.58 11.59 11.6 11.61 11.62 11.63 11.64 11.65 11.66 11.67 11.68 11.69 11.7 11.71 11.72 11.73 11.74 11.75
kg/l 1.343 1.344 1.346 1.347 1.348 1.349 1.350 1.352 1.353 1.354 1.355 1.356 1.358 1.359 1.360 1.361 1.362 1.364 1.365 1.366 1.367 1.368 1.370 1.371 1.372 1.373 1.374 1.376 1.377 1.378 1.379 1.380 1.382 1.383 1.384 1.385 1.386 1.388 1.389 1.390 1.391 1.392 1.394 1.395 1.396 1.397 1.398 1.400 1.401 1.402 1.403 1.404 1.406 1.407 1.408
ppg 11.76 11.77 11.78 11.79 11.8 11.81 11.82 11.83 11.84 11.85 11.86 11.87 11.88 11.89 11.9 11.91 11.92 11.93 11.94 11.95 11.96 11.97 11.98 11.99 12 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.1 12.11 12.12 12.13 12.14 12.15 12.16 12.17 12.18 12.19 12.2 12.21 12.22 12.23 12.24 12.25 12.26 12.27 12.28 12.29 12.3
kg/l 1.409 1.410 1.412 1.413 1.414 1.415 1.416 1.418 1.419 1.420 1.421 1.422 1.424 1.425 1.426 1.427 1.428 1.430 1.431 1.432 1.433 1.434 1.436 1.437 1.438 1.439 1.440 1.442 1.443 1.444 1.445 1.446 1.448 1.449 1.450 1.451 1.452 1.454 1.455 1.456 1.457 1.458 1.460 1.461 1.462 1.463 1.464 1.466 1.467 1.468 1.469 1.470 1.472 1.473 1.474
39. oldal
ppg 12.31 12.32 12.33 12.34 12.35 12.36 12.37 12.38 12.39 12.4 12.41 12.42 12.43 12.44 12.45 12.46 12.47 12.48 12.49 12.5 12.51 12.52 12.53 12.54 12.55 12.56 12.57 12.58 12.59 12.6 12.61 12.62 12.63 12.64 12.65 12.66 12.67 12.68 12.69 12.7 12.71 12.72 12.73 12.74 12.75 12.76 12.77 12.78 12.79 12.8 12.81 12.82 12.83 12.84 12.85
kg/l 1.475 1.476 1.477 1.479 1.480 1.481 1.482 1.483 1.485 1.486 1.487 1.488 1.489 1.491 1.492 1.493 1.494 1.495 1.497 1.498 1.499 1.500 1.501 1.503 1.504 1.505 1.506 1.507 1.509 1.510 1.511 1.512 1.513 1.515 1.516 1.517 1.518 1.519 1.521 1.522 1.523 1.524 1.525 1.527 1.528 1.529 1.530 1.531 1.533 1.534 1.535 1.536 1.537 1.539 1.540
ppg 12.86 12.87 12.88 12.89 12.9 12.91 12.92 12.93 12.94 12.95 12.96 12.97 12.98 12.99 13 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 13.1 13.11 13.12 13.13 13.14 13.15 13.16 13.17 13.18 13.19 13.2 13.21 13.22 13.23 13.24 13.25 13.26 13.27 13.28 13.29 13.3 13.31 13.32 13.33 13.34 13.35 13.36 13.37 13.38 13.39 13.4
kg/l 1.541 1.542 1.543 1.545 1.546 1.547 1.548 1.549 1.551 1.552 1.553 1.554 1.555 1.557 1.558 1.559 1.560 1.561 1.563 1.564 1.565 1.566 1.567 1.569 1.570 1.571 1.572 1.573 1.575 1.576 1.577 1.578 1.579 1.581 1.582 1.583 1.584 1.585 1.587 1.588 1.589 1.590 1.591 1.593 1.594 1.595 1.596 1.597 1.599 1.600 1.601 1.602 1.603 1.605 1.606
ppg 13.41 13.42 13.43 13.44 13.45 13.46 13.47 13.48 13.49 13.5 13.51 13.52 13.53 13.54 13.55 13.56 13.57 13.58 13.59 13.6 13.61 13.62 13.63 13.64 13.65 13.66 13.67 13.68 13.69 13.7 13.71 13.72 13.73 13.74 13.75 13.76 13.77 13.78 13.79 13.8 13.81 13.82 13.83 13.84 13.85 13.86 13.87 13.88 13.89 13.9 13.91 13.92 13.93 13.94 13.95
kg/l 1.607 1.608 1.609 1.611 1.612 1.613 1.614 1.615 1.616 1.618 1.619 1.620 1.621 1.622 1.624 1.625 1.626 1.627 1.628 1.630 1.631 1.632 1.633 1.634 1.636 1.637 1.638 1.639 1.640 1.642 1.643 1.644 1.645 1.646 1.648 1.649 1.650 1.651 1.652 1.654 1.655 1.656 1.657 1.658 1.660 1.661 1.662 1.663 1.664 1.666 1.667 1.668 1.669 1.670 1.672
ppg 13.96 13.97 13.98 13.99 14 14.01 14.02 14.03 14.04 14.05 14.06 14.07 14.08 14.09 14.1 14.11 14.12 14.13 14.14 14.15 14.16 14.17 14.18 14.19 14.2 14.21 14.22 14.23 14.24 14.25 14.26 14.27 14.28 14.29 14.3 14.31 14.32 14.33 14.34 14.35 14.36 14.37 14.38 14.39 14.4 14.41 14.42 14.43 14.44 14.45 14.46 14.47 14.48 14.49 14.5
kg/l 1.673 1.674 1.675 1.676 1.678 1.679 1.680 1.681 1.682 1.684 1.685 1.686 1.687 1.688 1.690 1.691 1.692 1.693 1.694 1.696 1.697 1.698 1.699 1.700 1.702 1.703 1.704 1.705 1.706 1.708 1.709 1.710 1.711 1.712 1.714 1.715 1.716 1.717 1.718 1.720 1.721 1.722 1.723 1.724 1.726 1.727 1.728 1.729 1.730 1.732 1.733 1.734 1.735 1.736 1.738
ppg 14.51 14.52 14.53 14.54 14.55 14.56 14.57 14.58 14.59 14.6 14.61 14.62 14.63 14.64 14.65 14.66 14.67 14.68 14.69 14.7 14.71 14.72 14.73 14.74 14.75 14.76 14.77 14.78 14.79 14.8 14.81 14.82 14.83 14.84 14.85 14.86 14.87 14.88 14.89 14.9 14.91 14.92 14.93 14.94 14.95 14.96 14.97 14.98 14.99 15 15.01 15.02 15.03 15.04 15.05
kg/l 1.739 1.740 1.741 1.742 1.744 1.745 1.746 1.747 1.748 1.750 1.751 1.752 1.753 1.754 1.755 1.757 1.758 1.759 1.760 1.761 1.763 1.764 1.765 1.766 1.767 1.769 1.770 1.771 1.772 1.773 1.775 1.776 1.777 1.778 1.779 1.781 1.782 1.783 1.784 1.785 1.787 1.788 1.789 1.790 1.791 1.793 1.794 1.795 1.796 1.797 1.799 1.800 1.801 1.802 1.803
40. oldal
ppg 15.06 15.07 15.08 15.09 15.1 15.11 15.12 15.13 15.14 15.15 15.16 15.17 15.18 15.19 15.2 15.21 15.22 15.23 15.24 15.25 15.26 15.27 15.28 15.29 15.3 15.31 15.32 15.33 15.34 15.35 15.36 15.37 15.38 15.39 15.4 15.41 15.42 15.43 15.44 15.45 15.46 15.47 15.48 15.49 15.5 15.51 15.52 15.53 15.54 15.55 15.56 15.57 15.58 15.59 15.6
kg/l 1.805 1.806 1.807 1.808 1.809 1.811 1.812 1.813 1.814 1.815 1.817 1.818 1.819 1.820 1.821 1.823 1.824 1.825 1.826 1.827 1.829 1.830 1.831 1.832 1.833 1.835 1.836 1.837 1.838 1.839 1.841 1.842 1.843 1.844 1.845 1.847 1.848 1.849 1.850 1.851 1.853 1.854 1.855 1.856 1.857 1.859 1.860 1.861 1.862 1.863 1.865 1.866 1.867 1.868 1.869
ppg 15.61 15.62 15.63 15.64 15.65 15.66 15.67 15.68 15.69 15.7 15.71 15.72 15.73 15.74 15.75 15.76 15.77 15.78 15.79 15.8 15.81 15.82 15.83 15.84 15.85 15.86 15.87 15.88 15.89 15.9 15.91 15.92 15.93 15.94 15.95 15.96 15.97 15.98 15.99 16 16.01 16.02 16.03 16.04 16.05 16.06 16.07 16.08 16.09 16.1 16.11 16.12 16.13 16.14 16.15
kg/l 1.871 1.872 1.873 1.874 1.875 1.877 1.878 1.879 1.880 1.881 1.883 1.884 1.885 1.886 1.887 1.889 1.890 1.891 1.892 1.893 1.894 1.896 1.897 1.898 1.899 1.900 1.902 1.903 1.904 1.905 1.906 1.908 1.909 1.910 1.911 1.912 1.914 1.915 1.916 1.917 1.918 1.920 1.921 1.922 1.923 1.924 1.926 1.927 1.928 1.929 1.930 1.932 1.933 1.934 1.935
ppg 16.16 16.17 16.18 16.19 16.2 16.21 16.22 16.23 16.24 16.25 16.26 16.27 16.28 16.29 16.3 16.31 16.32 16.33 16.34 16.35 16.36 16.37 16.38 16.39 16.4 16.41 16.42 16.43 16.44 16.45 16.46 16.47 16.48 16.49 16.5 16.51 16.52 16.53 16.54 16.55 16.56 16.57 16.58 16.59 16.6 16.61 16.62 16.63 16.64 16.65 16.66 16.67 16.68 16.69 16.7
kg/l 1.936 1.938 1.939 1.940 1.941 1.942 1.944 1.945 1.946 1.947 1.948 1.950 1.951 1.952 1.953 1.954 1.956 1.957 1.958 1.959 1.960 1.962 1.963 1.964 1.965 1.966 1.968 1.969 1.970 1.971 1.972 1.974 1.975 1.976 1.977 1.978 1.980 1.981 1.982 1.983 1.984 1.986 1.987 1.988 1.989 1.990 1.992 1.993 1.994 1.995 1.996 1.998 1.999 2.000 2.001
ppg 16.71 16.72 16.73 16.74 16.75 16.76 16.77 16.78 16.79 16.8 16.81 16.82 16.83 16.84 16.85 16.86 16.87 16.88 16.89 16.9 16.91 16.92 16.93 16.94 16.95 16.96 16.97 16.98 16.99 17 17.01 17.02 17.03 17.04 17.05 17.06 17.07 17.08 17.09 17.1 17.11 17.12 17.13 17.14 17.15 17.16 17.17 17.18 17.19 17.2 17.21 17.22 17.23 17.24 17.25
kg/l 2.002 2.004 2.005 2.006 2.007 2.008 2.010 2.011 2.012 2.013 2.014 2.016 2.017 2.018 2.019 2.020 2.022 2.023 2.024 2.025 2.026 2.028 2.029 2.030 2.031 2.032 2.033 2.035 2.036 2.037 2.038 2.039 2.041 2.042 2.043 2.044 2.045 2.047 2.048 2.049 2.050 2.051 2.053 2.054 2.055 2.056 2.057 2.059 2.060 2.061 2.062 2.063 2.065 2.066 2.067
ppg 17.26 17.27 17.28 17.29 17.3 17.31 17.32 17.33 17.34 17.35 17.36 17.37 17.38 17.39 17.4 17.41 17.42 17.43 17.44 17.45 17.46 17.47 17.48 17.49 17.5 17.51 17.52 17.53 17.54 17.55 17.56 17.57 17.58 17.59 17.6 17.61 17.62 17.63 17.64 17.65 17.66 17.67 17.68 17.69 17.7 17.71 17.72 17.73 17.74 17.75 17.76 17.77 17.78 17.79 17.8
kg/l 2.068 2.069 2.071 2.072 2.073 2.074 2.075 2.077 2.078 2.079 2.080 2.081 2.083 2.084 2.085 2.086 2.087 2.089 2.090 2.091 2.092 2.093 2.095 2.096 2.097 2.098 2.099 2.101 2.102 2.103 2.104 2.105 2.107 2.108 2.109 2.110 2.111 2.113 2.114 2.115 2.116 2.117 2.119 2.120 2.121 2.122 2.123 2.125 2.126 2.127 2.128 2.129 2.131 2.132 2.133
41. oldal
ppg 17.81 17.82 17.83 17.84 17.85 17.86 17.87 17.88 17.89 17.9 17.91 17.92 17.93 17.94 17.95 17.96 17.97 17.98 17.99 18 18.01 18.02 18.03 18.04 18.05 18.06 18.07 18.08 18.09 18.1 18.11 18.12 18.13 18.14 18.15 18.16 18.17 18.18 18.19 18.2 18.21 18.22 18.23 18.24 18.25 18.26 18.27 18.28 18.29 18.3 18.31 18.32 18.33 18.34 18.35
kg/l 2.134 2.135 2.137 2.138 2.139 2.140 2.141 2.143 2.144 2.145 2.146 2.147 2.149 2.150 2.151 2.152 2.153 2.155 2.156 2.157 2.158 2.159 2.161 2.162 2.163 2.164 2.165 2.167 2.168 2.169 2.170 2.171 2.172 2.174 2.175 2.176 2.177 2.178 2.180 2.181 2.182 2.183 2.184 2.186 2.187 2.188 2.189 2.190 2.192 2.193 2.194 2.195 2.196 2.198 2.199
ppg 18.36 18.37 18.38 18.39 18.4 18.41 18.42 18.43 18.44 18.45 18.46 18.47 18.48 18.49 18.5 18.51 18.52 18.53 18.54 18.55 18.56 18.57 18.58 18.59 18.6 18.61 18.62 18.63 18.64 18.65 18.66 18.67 18.68 18.69 18.7 18.71 18.72 18.73 18.74 18.75 18.76 18.77 18.78 18.79 18.8 18.81 18.82 18.83 18.84 18.85 18.86 18.87 18.88 18.89 18.9
kg/l 2.200 2.201 2.202 2.204 2.205 2.206 2.207 2.208 2.210 2.211 2.212 2.213 2.214 2.216 2.217 2.218 2.219 2.220 2.222 2.223 2.224 2.225 2.226 2.228 2.229 2.230 2.231 2.232 2.234 2.235 2.236 2.237 2.238 2.240 2.241 2.242 2.243 2.244 2.246 2.247 2.248 2.249 2.250 2.252 2.253 2.254 2.255 2.256 2.258 2.259 2.260 2.261 2.262 2.264 2.265
ppg 18.91 18.92 18.93 18.94 18.95 18.96 18.97 18.98 18.99 19 19.01 19.02 19.03 19.04 19.05 19.06 19.07 19.08 19.09 19.1 19.11 19.12 19.13 19.14 19.15 19.16 19.17 19.18 19.19 19.2 19.21 19.22 19.23 19.24 19.25 19.26 19.27 19.28 19.29 19.3 19.31 19.32 19.33 19.34 19.35 19.36 19.37 19.38 19.39 19.4 19.41 19.42 19.43 19.44 19.45
kg/l 2.266 2.267 2.268 2.270 2.271 2.272 2.273 2.274 2.276 2.277 2.278 2.279 2.280 2.282 2.283 2.284 2.285 2.286 2.288 2.289 2.290 2.291 2.292 2.294 2.295 2.296 2.297 2.298 2.300 2.301 2.302 2.303 2.304 2.306 2.307 2.308 2.309 2.310 2.312 2.313 2.314 2.315 2.316 2.317 2.319 2.320 2.321 2.322 2.323 2.325 2.326 2.327 2.328 2.329 2.331
ppg 19.46 19.47 19.48 19.49 19.5 19.51 19.52 19.53 19.54 19.55 19.56 19.57 19.58 19.59 19.6 19.61 19.62 19.63 19.64 19.65 19.66 19.67 19.68 19.69 19.7 19.71 19.72 19.73 19.74 19.75 19.76 19.77 19.78 19.79 19.8 19.81 19.82 19.83 19.84 19.85 19.86 19.87 19.88 19.89 19.9 19.91 19.92 19.93 19.94 19.95 19.96 19.97 19.98 19.99 20
kg/l 2.332 2.333 2.334 2.335 2.337 2.338 2.339 2.340 2.341 2.343 2.344 2.345 2.346 2.347 2.349 2.350 2.351 2.352 2.353 2.355 2.356 2.357 2.358 2.359 2.361 2.362 2.363 2.364 2.365 2.367 2.368 2.369 2.370 2.371 2.373 2.374 2.375 2.376 2.377 2.379 2.380 2.381 2.382 2.383 2.385 2.386 2.387 2.388 2.389 2.391 2.392 2.393 2.394 2.395 2.397
ppg 20.01 20.02 20.03 20.04 20.05 20.06 20.07 20.08 20.09 20.1 20.11 20.12 20.13 20.14 20.15 20.16 20.17 20.18 20.19 20.2 20.21 20.22 20.23 20.24 20.25 20.26 20.27 20.28 20.29 20.3 20.31 20.32 20.33 20.34 20.35 20.36 20.37 20.38 20.39 20.4 20.41 20.42 20.43 20.44 20.45 20.46 20.47 20.48 20.49 20.5 20.51 20.52 20.53 20.54 20.55
kg/l 2.398 2.399 2.400 2.401 2.403 2.404 2.405 2.406 2.407 2.409 2.410 2.411 2.412 2.413 2.415 2.416 2.417 2.418 2.419 2.421 2.422 2.423 2.424 2.425 2.427 2.428 2.429 2.430 2.431 2.433 2.434 2.435 2.436 2.437 2.439 2.440 2.441 2.442 2.443 2.445 2.446 2.447 2.448 2.449 2.451 2.452 2.453 2.454 2.455 2.456 2.458 2.459 2.460 2.461 2.462
42. oldal
ppg 20.56 20.57 20.58 20.59 20.6 20.61 20.62 20.63 20.64 20.65 20.66 20.67 20.68 20.69 20.7 20.71 20.72 20.73 20.74 20.75 20.76 20.77 20.78 20.79 20.8 20.81 20.82 20.83 20.84 20.85 20.86 20.87 20.88 20.89 20.9 20.91 20.92 20.93 20.94 20.95 20.96 20.97 20.98 20.99 21 21.01 21.02 21.03 21.04 21.05 21.06 21.07 21.08 21.09 21.1
kg/l 2.464 2.465 2.466 2.467 2.468 2.470 2.471 2.472 2.473 2.474 2.476 2.477 2.478 2.479 2.480 2.482 2.483 2.484 2.485 2.486 2.488 2.489 2.490 2.491 2.492 2.494 2.495 2.496 2.497 2.498 2.500 2.501 2.502 2.503 2.504 2.506 2.507 2.508 2.509 2.510 2.512 2.513 2.514 2.515 2.516 2.518 2.519 2.520 2.521 2.522 2.524 2.525 2.526 2.527 2.528
ppg 21.11 21.12 21.13 21.14 21.15 21.16 21.17 21.18 21.19 21.2 21.21 21.22 21.23 21.24 21.25 21.26 21.27 21.28 21.29 21.3 21.31 21.32 21.33 21.34 21.35 21.36 21.37 21.38 21.39 21.4 21.41 21.42 21.43 21.44 21.45 21.46 21.47 21.48 21.49 21.5 21.51 21.52 21.53 21.54 21.55 21.56 21.57 21.58 21.59 21.6 21.61 21.62 21.63 21.64 21.65
kg/l 2.530 2.531 2.532 2.533 2.534 2.536 2.537 2.538 2.539 2.540 2.542 2.543 2.544 2.545 2.546 2.548 2.549 2.550 2.551 2.552 2.554 2.555 2.556 2.557 2.558 2.560 2.561 2.562 2.563 2.564 2.566 2.567 2.568 2.569 2.570 2.572 2.573 2.574 2.575 2.576 2.578 2.579 2.580 2.581 2.582 2.584 2.585 2.586 2.587 2.588 2.590 2.591 2.592 2.593 2.594
Trip calculations
[email protected]
Written by Gabor Nemeth Data Pmd-Pipe metal displacement Pcap-Pipe capacity Pt-Pipe total displacement Lstd- Average length of stand Pac-Csg-pipe annular capacity OMW-Original mud weight SMW-Slug mud weight Vs-Volume of slug Lsc-a certain level of mud in the pipe
Metric 0.00428 0.00897 0.01325 28.7 0.02367 1490 1680 8 113.73
Unit
l/m l/m l/m m l/m kg/m3 kg/m3 m3 m
Field
0.008205 0.017195 0.0254 94.16 0.045375 12.43 14.02 50.32 373.17
Unit
bbl/ft bbl/ft bbl/ft ft bbl/ft ppg ppg bbl ft
Fill in ONLY the section above with data and the program will calculate by itself !!!
1. Fluid level drop (FLD) : a; In dry POOH FLD=
(Pipe displ. x length of stand)/(csg-pipe annular cap.+pipe cap.) 3.76 m/std
12.35 ft/std
b; In wet POOH FLD=
(Pipe total displ. x length of stand)/(csg-pipe ann. cap.+pipe total cap)
10.30 m/std 2. Hydrostatic pressure loss (Ploss) : a; In dry POOH OMW x g x FLD Ploss= b; In wet POOH OMW x g x FLD Ploss=
33.79 ft/std
55 kPa/std
7.98 psi/std
151 kPa/std
21.85 psi/std
3. Slug : a; Level of mud in the pipe after slug (Ls) : Ls=
((SMW-OMW) x (Vs/Pcap))/OMW
113.73 m
373.17 ft
b; Slug mud weight based on a certain level of mud in the pipe (SMW1) :
SMW1=
OMW+((Lsc x OMW)/(Vs/Pcap))
1680.00 kg/m3
14.02 ppg
HYDRAULICS Written by Gabor Nemeth Data TVD-True vertical depth OMW-Original mud weight d-specific gravity Do-Annulus outside diameter Di-Annulus inside diameter/outside string/ Lp-length of string m-Dynamic viscosity mp-plastic viscosity to-Yield value SPM-stroke per minute L-length of stroke D-liner diameter dp-piston rod diameter Qr-True measured flow rate vas-Annular capacity
Metric 2233 1150 1.15 9 5/8 3 1/2 2233 4 2 1 150 6 4 1/2 0 633.00 33.1
[email protected] Unit Unit Field m 7326.12 ft 9.60 ppg kg/m3 kg/l 1.2 kg/l in 9 5/8 in in 3 1/2 in m 7326.12 ft cp 4 cp cp 2 cp 1 lb/100ft2 lb/100ft2 str/min 150 str/min in 6 in in 4 1/2 in in 0 in l/min 167.23 gpm l/m 0.06345 bbl/ft
Fill in ONLY the section above with data and the program will calculate by itself !!! 1. Theoretical flow rate (Qt) : a; Duplex pump: Qt=(metric.) 0,0515 x SPM x L x (D^2-dp^2/2) (metric) 0,000162 x SPM x L x ((2 x D^2)-dp^2) (field) Qt=(field.) b; Single-acting Triplex pump: Qt=(metric.) Qt= 0,0386 x SPM x L x D^2 (metric) Qt=(field.) Qt=0,000243 x SPM x D^2 x L (field) 2. Volumetric efficiency (hv) : hv=(duplex pump) hv=Qr/Qt (duplex pump) hv=(triplex pump) hv=Qr/Qt (triplex pump)
l/min gpm
703.49 l/min 186.00 gpm
90%
3. Critical fluid velocity in the annulus (Vc) : (3,04/((Do-Di)xd))x(mp+(root2 mp^2+40,05xto x (Do-Di)^2 x d)) (metric) Vc=(metric.) (9,974/((Do-Di)xd))x(mp+(root2 mp^2+40,05xto x (Do-Di)^2 x d)) (field) Vc=(field.) V-Fluid velocity 19.12 m/min turbulent Type of flow : If V
Vc, the flow is turbulent !
4. Annular Pressure Loss (APL) : APL=((Qr*Lp*m p)/(13,26*(D o-Di))) Laminar flow: APL=(Q r x Lpp)/(408,63*(Do+Di)*(Do-Di)^3))+((t x m)/(408,63 x (Do+Di) x (Doo*L-D i)^3) (metric) Turbulent flow: APL=(Lp*d^0,8*Qr^1,8*mp^0,2)/(706,96*(Do+Di)^1,8*(Do-Di)^3)
APL=(field.)
((Lp*to)/225*(Do-Di))+(((Lp*mp*(V/60))/1500*(Do-Di)^2)
5. Equivalent circulating density (ECD) : ECD=(metric.) OMW+((APL x 1000)/(9,81xTVD)) (metric) ECD=(field.) OMW+(APL/(0,052*TVD)) (field.)
1151 kg/m3
6. Trip margin (TM) : TM=(metr.) to x 10,2418/(Do-Di)(metr.) TM=(field.) to/(11,7x(Do-Di)) (field.)
1.67 kg/m3
90%
18.82 m/min 61.76 ft/min 62.75 ft/min turbulent
30 kPa 19 kPa 5.59 psi
9.61 ppg
0.01 ppg
WORK DONE BY A DRILLING LINE
/metric units/
Fill in ONLY this section with data
[email protected] Written by Gabor Nemeth L1=the deepest depth of the operation in meter 3600 m L2=the beginning of the operation in meter 3580 m l =length of a stand in meter 28.6 m 260 m LDC 1=length of DC 1 in meter 100 m LDC 2=length of DC 2 in meter 0 m LHWDP=length of HWDP in meter Real weight of bit, stabilizer, drilling jar, pony DC, etc. in kg 1300 kg DC 1 real weight in kg/m 242 kg/m DC 2 real weight in kg/m 214.8 kg/m HWDP real weight in kg/m 73.4 kg/m DP 1 real weight (or tbg., or csg.) in kg/m 29.02 kg/m 1900 m LDP 1=length of DP 1 in meter DP 2 real weight (or tbg., or csg.) in kg/m 23.1 kg/m 1320 m LDP 2=length of DP 2 in meter Mud density in kg/l 1.49 kg/l P=total weight of travelling block-elevator assembly in kg 8000 kg p=weight of DP with tool joints(accounting for buoyancy) in kg/m 21.53 kg/m d=additional weight due to BHA(DC,HWDP,bit etc.)(accounting for buoyancy) kg 69433 kg BUOYANCY FACTOR k=1-(Mud density/Steel density) 0.810 DC 1 apparent weight = DC 1 real weight-Buoyancy DC 1 196.07 kg/m DC 2 apparent weight = DC 2 real weight-Buoyancy DC 2 174.03 kg/m HWDP real weight-Buoyancy HWDP HWDP apparent weight = 59.47 kg/m DP 1 apparent weight = DP 1 real weight-Buoyancy DP 1 23.51 kg/m DP 2 apparent weight = DP 2 real weight-Buoyancy DP 2 18.69 kg/m Bit, stabilizer, drilling jar, pony DC, etc. apparent weight 1053.25 kg Buoyancy DC 1 = (DC 1 real weight*Mud density)/Steel density 45.93 kg/m Buoyancy DC 2 = (DC 2 real weight*Mud density)/Steel density 40.77 kg/m Buoyancy HWDP= HWDP real weight*Mud density/Steel density 13.93 kg/m Buoyancy DP 1 = (DP 1 real weight*Mud density)/Steel density 5.51 kg/m Buoyancy DP 2 = (DP 2 real weight*Mud density)/Steel density 4.38 kg/m Apparent weight
=
HENCE:
Real weight x ((Steel density - Mud density) / Steel density)
Type of operation:
Tm1 Tm2 Tm=(0,981*(p*L*(L+l)+4*L*(P+d/2))*(10^-6))*1,02 in tons km. 897 890
pooh
1.
Round trip
2.
POOH
3.
RIH
tons km
4.
Short trip
tons km
5.
Drilling 1
tons km
6.
Drilling 2
tons km
7.
Reaming
tons km
8.
Coring
tons km
9.
Running casing
tons km
Steel
tons km
448
NOTE:
density :
7.85
tons km
kg/dm3
Fill in ONLY this section with data
WORK DONE BY A DRILLING LINE
/field units/
D1=the deepest depth of the operation in feet D2=the beginning of the operation in feet L =length of a stand in feet LDC 1=length of DC in feet LDC 2=length of DC in feet LHWDP=length of HWDP in feet Real weight of bit, stabilizer, drilling jar, pony DC, etc. in lbs Length of bit, stabilizer, drilling jar, pony DC, etc. in feet DC 1 real weight in lb/ft DC 2 real weight in lb/ft HWDP real weight in lb/ft DP 1 real weight (or tbg., or csg.) in lb/ft LDP 1=length of DP 1 in feet DP 2 real weight (or tbg., or csg.) in lb/ft LDP 2=length of DP 2 in feet Mud density in ppg M=total weight of travelling block-elevator assembly in lbs W = Bouyed weight of drill pipe in lb/ft C = Bouyed weight of BHA minus bouyed weight of equal length DP in lbs BUOYANCY FACTOR k=1-(Mud density/Steel density) DC 1 apparent weight = DC 1 real weight-Buoyancy DC 1 DC 2 apparent weight = DC 2 real weight-Buoyancy DC 2 HWDP apparent weight = HWDP real weight-Buoyancy HWDP DP 1 apparent weight = DP 1 real weight-Buoyancy DP 1 DP 2 apparent weight = DP 2 real weight-Buoyancy DP 2 Bit, stabilizer, drilling jar, pony DC, etc. apparent weight Buoyancy DC 1 = (DC 1 real weight*Mud density)/Steel density Buoyancy DC 2 = (DC 2 real weight*Mud density)/Steel density Buoyancy HWDP= HWDP real weight*Mud density/Steel density Buoyancy DP 1 = (DP 1 real weight*Mud density)/Steel density Buoyancy DP 2 = (DP 2 real weight*Mud density)/Steel density Apparent weight
=
HENCE:
11811 11745 93.83 853 328 0 2866 10 162.89 144.34 49.32 19.5 6234 15.5 4320 12.43 17637 14.47 156935 0.810 131.98 116.95 39.96 15.80 12.56 2322.20 30.91 27.39 9.36 3.70 2.94
ft ft ft ft ft ft lbs ft lb/ft lb/ft lb/ft lb/ft ft lb/ft ft ppg lbs lb/ft lbs lb/ft lb/ft lb/ft lb/ft lb/ft lbs lb/ft lb/ft lb/ft lb/ft lb/ft
Real weight x ((Steel density - Mud density) / Steel density)
Type of operation:
Tm1 Tm2 TM=((D*(L+D)*W/10560000)+((D*(M+1/2C)/2640000) 623 618
pooh
1.
Round trip
2.
POOH
3.
RIH
tonmiles
4.
Short trip
tonmiles
5.
Drilling 1
tonmiles
6.
Drilling 2
tonmiles
7.
Reaming
tonmiles
8.
Coring
tonmiles
9.
Running casing
tonmiles
tonmiles
311 tonmiles
NOTE: Steel
density :
65.51 ppg
PROCEDURE FOR SLIP & CUT DRILLING LINE PROGRAMME
INTRODUCTION This procedure has issued as a guidline for slip and cut drilling line programme
RIG BASIC DATA Mast
Hook load
Capacity Height
tons
14 mlbs
142 ft
500
Drilling Line Type 1 3/8 6 x 19 IPS, IWRC
Breaking load
No. of line
in tons 75.7
14
Drawworks
Drum
Type
Type of bearCap. rings
Type
OD "
Midco U914
1400 HP
Grooved
30
CUT OFF LENGTH IN NUMBER OF DRUM LAPS FOR DRILLING LINE X laps + 1/2 lap for counterbalanced grooved drum =
11 1/2
Plain
1.09 3.34173 ( as per API RP 9B )
laps
Conversion of laps to length is p * OD/12 * No.of drum laps
90.32 ft
27.53 m
Fast line tension = Hook load/(Number of line x Reeving efficiency) Reeving efficiency (hm)=
ta= F/(N x hm)
64.22 tons
(Friction factor/depending on type of bearrings/ to the number of line th power) - 1 Number of line x (Friction factor -1) x (Friction factor to the number of line th power)
Safety factor ( S.F. ) is equal
S.F. = Breaking load / Fast line tension
Ton- Miles per foot cut when operating at safety factor 5 is 20, for full cut - off length
20 * 90,32' =
1806 ton-miles
This is a good drilling practice to slip three times between cut - off.
THE GOOD PROCEDURE IS
Slip drilling line 9 m after every 602 ton - miles / 862 Tkm / Cut - off drilling line 27 m after every 1806 ton - miles / 2586 Tkm /
1.18
Rig No.
Drilling line work report
Units : Tons, meters, Tkm
FILL ONLY THE WHITE COLUMNS DATE
RIG ACTOIN FROM
10/02/00 Drilling 11/02/00 Round trip
0 50
TO
50 0
TKM FROM FROM TKM CUT, ACT. SLIP CUT CUMMUL. SLIP
8 8 15 60 55 450 310 9 18 56 156 230 18 27 400 200 8 12 9 65 56 98 79 222 200 26 64 79 120 300 8 8 16 69 150 8 45 12 200 16 150 35 80 45 150 8 16 16 30 15
8 16 31 91 146 0 310 0 18 74 230 460 478 0 400 0 8 20 29 94 150 248 327 0 200 226 290 369 489 0 8 16 32 101 251 259 304 316 0 16 166 201 281 326 0 8 24 40 70 85
8 16 31 91 146 596 906 0 18 74 230 460 478 505 905 1105 1113 1125 1134 1199 1255 1353 1432 0 200 226 290 369 489 789 797 805 821 890 1040 1048 1093 1105 1305 1321 1471 1506 1586 1631 0 8 24 40 70 85
8 16 31 91 146 596 906 915 933 989 1145 1375 1393 1420 1820 2020 2028 2040 2049 2114 2170 2268 2347 2569 2769 2795 2859 2938 3058 3358 3366 3374 3390 3459 3609 3617 3662 3674 3874 3890 4040 4075 4155 4200 4350 4358 4374 4390 4420 4435
C O. S LENGT H
slip
9
cut
27
slip
9
slip
9
cut
27
slip
9
slip
9
cut
27
BHA PRESENT LENGTH NUMBER
1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1073 1073 1073 1073 1073 1073 1073 1073 1073 1073 1073 1073 1073 1073 1073 1073 1046 1046 1046 1046 1046 1046 1046 1046 1046 1046 1046 1046 1046 1046 1046 1046 1046 1046 1046 1046 1046 1019 1019 1019 1019 1019 1019
1
50 8
135 143
135 143
4485 4493
1019 1019
DC1 DC2 HWD
DP1
DP2
Determination of the length of free pipe in a stuck string Written by Gabor Nemeth Data DP1 real weight /including tool joint/ DP2 real weight /including tool joint/ HWDP real weight DC1 real weight DC2 real weight DP1 length DP2 length HWDP length DC1 length DC2 length Mud density DP1 tensile yield strength Distance between the two datum lines / l /
Bit
Metric 25.05 31.83 73.4 149.8 123.9 1000 1500 300 150 100 1.4 141.2 300
[email protected] Unit Field Unit kg/m 16.83 lb/ft kg/m 21.39 lb/ft kg/m 49.32 lb/ft kg/m 100.66 lb/ft kg/m 83.26 lb/ft m 3281 ft m 4921 ft m 984 ft m 492 ft m 328 ft kg/l 11.68 ppg 3 317430 lbs 10 daN mm 11 4/5 inches
Fill in ONLY the section above with data and the program will calculate by itself !!!
Procedures 1. Calculate the maximum pull on drill pipe. 2. Calculate the weight of the drill string in mud. 3. Calculate the allowable pull margin. 4. Pull on the drill string until the weight indicator shows a pull T1 of some tons. This should be approximately the weight of drill string in mud + 30 % of the pull margin. Draw a mark at the kelly-bushing level. Pull on approximately 2-6 tons / 4400-13200 lbs/ more than before and return to the previous weight. Draw a second mark at the kellybushing level. This second mark should be distinct from the first caused by friction of drill pipe in the hole. Draw a datum line midway between these two marks. 5. Proceed as above by applying T2 pull on. This should be approximately the weight of drill string in mud + 65 % of the pull margin. Draw a mark at the kelly-bushing level. Pull on again approximately 2-6 tons / 4400-13200 lbs /more than before, and return to the previous weight. Draw a second mark as before and draw a datum line midway between these two marks. 6. Measure the distance / l / in mm or inches between the two datum lines. 7. Calculate the length of free pipe. Calculation of max. pull on drill pipe
130 tons
285687 lbs
Calculation of weight of drill string in mud
107 tons
234880 lbs
23 tons
50807 lbs
Calculation of T1 pull
113 tons
250122 lbs
Calculation of T2 pull
122 tons
267905 lbs
Calculation of the allowable pull margin
Calculation of the length of free pipe
2538 m
8337 ft
Back-off [email protected]
DP1 HWDP DC2 DC1
Data DP1 real weight /including tool joint/ DP2 real weight /including tool joint/ HWDP real weight DC1 real weight DC2 real weight Weight of travelling block, hook etc. DP1 length DP2 length HWDP length DC1 length DC2 length Mud density Depth of stuck point Depth of back-off Tool joint matting surface area DP1 torsional strength Max torsional limit for 1000 m DP
DP2
Written by Gabor Nemeth
Bit
Metric 25.05 31.83 73.4 149.8 123.9 8 1000 1500 300 150 100 1.4 3384 2500 21.93 141.2 12 1/2
Unit kg/m kg/m kg/m kg/m kg/m tons m m m m m kg/l m m cm2 103daN
Field 16.83 21.39 49.32 100.66 83.26 17637 3281 4921 984 492 328 11.68 11117 8202 3.4 317430 turns/1000 m 12 1/2
Unit lb/ft lb/ft lb/ft lb/ft lb/ft lbs ft ft ft ft ft ppg ft ft in2 lbs turns/3281 ft
Fill in ONLY the section above with data and the program will calculate by itself !!!
Procedures 1. Before any back-off, determine the depth of stuck point. Decide the depth of back-off. 2. Make up the drill string to 80% of the torsional limit of the drill pipe in tension ( weight of drill string in mud ). Read the torsional limit in the "Drilling Data Handbook" K21-K24 chart, and multiply by the back-off depth/1000 m ( back-off depth/3280,84 ft ). Make-up the drill string to the right. 3. Set the neutral point at the depth of back-off. The weight indicator should show the calculated tension. 4. Apply leftward twist amounting to 80% of the rightward twist used to make-up the string.
Calculation of weight of drill string in mud 80% of max. torsional limit at back-off depth in tension
Hydrostatic pressure at the depth of back-off
107 tons 25 right turns 34335 kPa
234880 lbs 25 right turns 4982 psi
Weight in mud of free length of drill pipe + block
68 tons
149504 lbs
Weight indicator tension at neutral point
75 tons
166446 lbs
80% of rightward turns for applying leftward twist
20 left turns
20 left turns
