00485958-Overview of the Antenna System(02)

Overview of the Antenna System

Issue

02

Date

2008-12-04

Part Number

00485958

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Huawei Technologies Technologies Co., Ltd. provides customers with comprehensive comprehensive technical support and service. For any assistance, please contact our local office or company headquarters. headquarters.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Address:

Huawei Industrial Base Bantian, Longgang Shenzhen 518129 People's Republic of China

Website:

http://www.huawei.com

Email:

[email protected]

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2008. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Trademarks and Permissions and other Huawei trademarks are the property of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders.

Notice The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but the statements, information, and recommendations recommendations in this document do not constitute a warranty of any kind, express or implied.


Huawei Technologies Technologies Co., Ltd. provides customers with comprehensive comprehensive technical support and service. For any assistance, please contact our local office or company headquarters. headquarters.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Address:

Huawei Industrial Base Bantian, Longgang Shenzhen 518129 People's Republic of China

Website:

http://www.huawei.com

Email:

[email protected]

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2008. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Trademarks and Permissions and other Huawei trademarks are the property of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders.

Notice The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but the statements, information, and recommendations recommendations in this document do not constitute a warranty of any kind, express or implied.



Contents

Contents About This Document...................... Document....................................................................... ...............................................................................................1 ..............................................1 1 Structure Structure and Functions of the Antenna System.................................................................1-1 2 Introduction to t o the Equipment in the Antenna System.....................................................2-1 2.1 Antenna...........................................................................................................................................................2-3 Antenna... ........................................................................................................................................................2-3 2.2 Feeders Feeders and Jumpers.......................................................................................................................................2-4 2.3 RCU.................................................................................................................................................................2-5 RCU........ .........................................................................................................................................................2-5 2.4 BT....................................................................................................................................................................2-6 BT........... .........................................................................................................................................................2-6 2.5 SBT..................................................................................................................................................................2-6 SBT..................................................................................................................................................................2-6 2.6 TMA................................................................................................................................................................2-7 TMA................................................................................................................................................................2-7 2.7 STMA..............................................................................................................................................................2-8 2.8 SASA.................................................................................................................................................. SASA...............................................................................................................................................................2-9 .............2-9 2.9 SASU.............................................................................................................................................................2-10 SASU.............................................................................................................................................................2-10 2.10 Combiner.....................................................................................................................................................2-11 Combine r.....................................................................................................................................................2-11 2.11 Divider.........................................................................................................................................................2-12 Divider.........................................................................................................................................................2-12 2.12 AISG Control Co ntrol Cable....................................................................................................................................2-12

3 Antenna System Syste m of the Macro Base Station......................................... Station..........................................................................3-1 .................................3-1 4 Antenna System of the RRU............................................. RRU....................................................................................................4 .......................................................4-1 -1 5 Sharing the Antenna A ntenna System......................................................................................... System...................................................................................................5-1 ..........5-1 5.1 Sharing Antennas Antennas and Using Independent Feeders.........................................................................................5-2 5.2 Sharing Feeders Feeders and Using Independent Antennas.........................................................................................5-3 5.3 Sharing Antennas Antennas and Feeders........................................................................................................................5-4

6 Installation of the Antenna System........................ System..................................................................... ................................................................6-1 ...................6-1 6.1 Installing the Antenna System on the Tower..................................................................................................6-2 6.2 Installing Installing the Antenna System on the Support on the Roof............................................................................6-3

Index.................................. Index........ ....................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .....................................................i-1 ........................i-1

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Figures

Figures Figure 1-1 Structure of the Antenna System........................................................................................................1-2 Figure 2-1 Appearance of the antenna..................................................................................................................2-3 Figure 2-2 Antenna tilt.........................................................................................................................................2-4 Figure 2-3 Appearance of feeders and jumpers....................................................................................................2-5 Figure 2-4 Appearance of the RCU......................................................................................................................2-5 Figure 2-5 Appearance of the BT.........................................................................................................................2-6 Figure 2-6 A ppearance of the SBT.......................................................................................................................2-7 Figure 2-7 A ppearance of the dual-TMA.............................................................................................................2-8 Figure 2-8 A ppearance of the STMA...................................................................................................................2-9 Figure 2-9 A ppearance of the SASA..................................................................................................................2-10 Figure 2-10 A ppearance of the SASU900..........................................................................................................2-11 Figure 2-11 A ppearance of the combiner...........................................................................................................2-12 Figure 2-12 A ppearance of the 1-for-3 divider..................................................................................................2-12 Figure 2-13 A ppearance of the 0.5 m AISG control cable.................................................................................2-13 Figure 3-1 Non-electrical antenna system of the macro base station...................................................................3-2 Figure 3-2 Electrical antenna system of the macro base station..........................................................................3-3 Figure 4-1 Non-electrical antenna system of the RRU........................................................................................4-1 Figure 4-2 Electrical antenna system of the RRU................................................................................................4-2 Figure 5-1 3G base station and 2G base station sharing antennas and using independent feeders......................5-2 Figure 5-2 3G base station and 2G base station sharing feeders and using independent electrical antennas......5-4 Figure 5-3 3G base station and 2G base station sharing cascaded electrical antennas and feeders.....................5-5 Figure 6-1 Installing the antenna system on the tower.........................................................................................6-2 Figure 6-2 Installing the Antenna System on the Support on the Roof...............................................................6-3

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Tables

Tables Table 2-1 Categories of antennas.........................................................................................................................2-3

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About This Document

About This Document

Purpose The antenna system consists of equipment between the main base station equipment and the antenna (the antenna is included). It implements signal coverage and is an important part of the mobile communication system. The performance of the antenna system is a critical factor in the overall quality of the mobile communication system. This document describes the structure, functions, and equipment of typical antenna systems.

Product Version The following table lists the product version related to this document.

Product Name

Product Version

Antenna system

-

Intended Audience This document is intended for: l l

Network planning engineers System engineers

Change History For changes in the document, refer to Changes in the Overview of the Antenna System.

Organization 1 Structure and Functions of the Antenna System

This describes the structure and functions of the antenna system. The antenna system consists of antennas, feeders, jumpers, BTs, SBTs, TMAs, STMAs, SASAs, SASUs, combiners, splitters, and AISG control cables. 2 Introduction to the Equipment in the Antenna System

The equipment in the antenna system includes antennas, feeders, jumpers, BTs, SBTs, TMAs, STMAs, SASAs, SASUs, combiners, splitters, and AISG control cables. Issue 02 (2008-12-04)


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About This Document


3 Antenna System of the Macro Base Station

This describes the typical structure of the antenna system of the macro base station. The macro base station features large capacity, large volume, and large power. It is one of the major equipment that provides wireless network coverage and is widely used in various environment, such as in urban areas, suburb areas, and villages and along roads. 4 Antenna System of the RRU

This describes the typical structure of the antenna system of the distributed base station that is also called the Remote Radio Unit (RRU). The RRU is compact, lightweight, and easy for installation. It enables fast and economical deployment of the wireless network in the area where the equipment room is unavailable or the location of the equipment room is not ideal. 5 Sharing the Antenna System

This describes the sharing of the antenna system where antennas or feeders are shared. Only one suit of antenna system is shared in the same target coverage area. Therefore, the configuration is cost-effective, environmental protective, and high-efficient in site deployment. There are three typical configurations of the shared antenna system: sharing antennas and using independent feeders, using independent antennas and sharing feeders, and sharing antennas and feeders. 6 Installation of the Antenna System

This describes two typical methods of installing the antenna system.

Conventions 1. Symbol Conventions

The following symbols may be found in this document. They are defined as follows

Symbol

Description

DANGER

WARNING

CAUTION

Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk that, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury.

Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk which, if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided, could cause equipment damage, data loss, and performance degradation, or unexpected results. Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or save your time.

TIP

Provides additional information to emphasize or supplement important points of the main text.

NOTE

2. General Conventions

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About This Document

Convention

Description

Times New Roman

Normal paragraphs are in Times New Roman.

Boldface

Names of files,directories,folders,and users are in boldface. For example,log in as user root .

Italic

Book titles are in italics.

Courier New

Terminal display is in Courier New.

3. Command Conventions

Convention

Description

Boldface

The keywords of a command line are in boldface.

Italic

Command arguments are in italic.

[]

Items (keywords or arguments) in square brackets [ ] are optional.

{x | y | ...}

Alternative items are grouped in braces and separated by vertical bars.One is selected.

[ x | y | ... ]

Optional alternative items are grouped in square brackets and separated by vertical bars.One or none is selected.

{ x | y | ... } *

Alternative items are grouped in braces and separated by vertical bars.A minimum of one or a maximum of all can be selected.

[ x | y | ... ] *

Alternative items are grouped in braces and separated by vertical bars.A minimum of zero or a maximum of all can be selected.

4. GUI Conventions

Convention

Description

Boldface

Buttons,menus,parameters,tabs,window,and dialog titles are in boldface. For example,click OK .

>

Multi-level menus are in boldface and separated by the ">" signs. For example,choose File > Create > Folder .

5. Keyboard Operation

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Convention

Description

Key

Press the key.For example,press Enter and press Tab.

Key1+Key2

Press the keys concurrently.For example,pressing Ctrl+Alt+A means the three keys should be pressed concurrently.


3

About This Document


Convention

Description

Key1,Key2

Press the keys in turn.For example,pressing Alt,A means the two keys should be pressed in turn.

6. Mouse Operation

4

Action

Description

Click

Select and release the primary mouse button without moving the pointer.

Double-click

Press the primary mouse button twice continuously and quickly without moving the pointer.

Drag

Press and hold the primary mouse button and move the pointer to a certain position.


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1 Structure and Functions of the Antenna System

Structure and Functions of the Antenna System This describes the structure and functions of the antenna system. The antenna system consists of antennas, feeders, jumpers, BTs, SBTs, TMAs, STMAs, SASAs, SASUs, combiners, splitters, and AISG control cables.

Structure of the Antenna System Figure 1-1 shows the structure of the antenna system.

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1 Structure and Functions of the Antenna System


Figure 1-1 Structure of the Antenna System

(1) Lightning rod

(2) Directional antenna (3) Jumper (4) Feeder grounding clip

(5) Feeder fixing clip

(6) Outdoor grounding bar

(7) Feeder window

(10) Safety guards on the tower platform

(8) Feeder (9) Outdoor cabling frame

Functions of the Antenna System l

l

1-2

The antenna receives UL signals from user equipment and transmits DL signals outputted by the base station. The electrical antenna is remote controllable, that is, its tilt angel can be remotely controlled. The antenna system also provides the lightning protection function (lightning induction) for the base station. The lightning rod leads huge lightning electricity to the ground. Therefore, it dramatically decreases the lightning electricity flow to the base station.


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2 Introduction to the Equipment in the Antenna System

Introduction to the Equipment in the Antenna System

About This Chapter The equipment in the antenna system includes antennas, feeders, jumpers, BTs, SBTs, TMAs, STMAs, SASAs, SASUs, combiners, splitters, and AISG control cables. 2.1 Antenna The antenna transmits and receives radio waves. The radio transmitter outputs RF signals and transmits these RF signals through feeders to antennas. Antennas then radiate these signals in electromagnetic waves. After these electromagnetic waves reach the destination, they are received by antennas and transmitted through feeders to the radio receiver. 2.2 Feeders and Jumpers The feeder and jumper connect the antenna and base station equipment. They effectively (with the least signal loss) transmit the signals received from the antenna to the input terminal of the receiver or tr ansmit the signals sent from the transmitter to the input terminal of the antenna for transmitting. 2.3 RCU The Remote Control Unit (RCU) is the motor drive of the phase shifter inside the electrical antenna. It receives and runs the control commands from the base station and drives the stepper motor. The stepper motor drives the phase shifter inside the antenna device, and the phase shifter adjusts the antenna tilt. Interface RS485 functions as the control interface of the RCU. 2.4 BT The Bias Tee (BT) is the passive component that couples RF signals or OOK signals with feeder signals. The BT is installed on the base station side. 2.5 SBT The Smart Bias-Tee (SBT) provides DC power supply and control commands through the feeder for the RCU. The SBT is installed on the RET antenna side. 2.6 TMA A Tower Mounted Amplifier (TMA) is a low-noise amplifier module that is installed on the tower. It amplifies the weak signals received from the antenna to increase the receiver sensitivity of the base station system, enlarge the UL coverage area, and effectively reduce the transmit power of user equipment (UE). Issue 02 (2008-12-04)


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2.7 STMA The Smart Tower Mounted Amplifier (STMA) is a TMA that provides the AISG interface function. 2.8 SASA The Same-Band Antenna Sharing Adapter (SASA) can be used in the GSM system for combining the transmit carriers of original two antennas into those of one antenna without affecting the performance of the GSM network. The SASA is the important component for the solution of 2G/3G intra-frequency and antenna-and-feeder-system sharing. 2.9 SASU The Same-band Antenna Sharing Unit (SASU) can be used for combining two paths of intrafrequency signals of different systems into one path of signals. In addition, the SASU features low insertion loss. 2.10 Combiner The combiner combines multiple paths of signals into one path of signals. 2.11 Divider The divider is used for dividing the RF signals of the base station, control signals of the electrical antenna, and DC signals into signals over multiple paths, and then transfers these signals to the corresponding antenna and feeder equipment of sectors. 2.12 AISG Control Cable The Antenna Interface Standards Group (AISG) control line is used as the signal cable between the RCU and the SBT (or STMA). There are three kinds of the AISG control cables, lengths of which are 0.5 m, 2 m, and 15 m respectively.

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2.1 Antenna The antenna transmits and receives radio waves. The radio transmitter outputs RF signals and transmits these RF signals through feeders to antennas. Antennas then radiate these signals in electromagnetic waves. After these electromagnetic waves reach the destination, they are received by antennas and transmitted through feeders to the radio receiver.

Categories of Antennas Table 2-1 shows different categories of antennas. Table 2-1 Categories of antennas

Criteria

Antenna Type

By radiation direction

Omni-directional antenna and directional antenna

By polarization direction

Single-polarized and dual-polarized antenna

By number of operating bands

Single frequency antenna, dualband antenna, and multiband antenna

By tilt angle control mode

Electrical antenna of the fixed and tilt, electrical antennas of the manual adjustable tilt, and electrical antennas of the remote controllable tilt

Appearance of the Antenna Figure 2-1 shows the appearance of the antenna. Figure 2-1 Appearance of the antenna

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Antenna Tilt During the network coverage optimization, the antenna elevation requires frequent adjustments. As a result, the tilt of the beams of the base station needs to be controlled according to the network requirements. Figure 2-2 shows the antenna tilt. Figure 2-2 Antenna tilt

At present, there are mainly two methods of tilti ng the antenna: l

Mechanical tilting: tilt the antenna by adjusting the rear support of the antenna.

l

Electrical tilting: control the antenna tilt by controlling the amplitude and phase of the internal RF unit to tilt the beam.

The electrical tilting can be classified into the following three types: l

Fixed Electrical Tilt (FET): the tilt of the antenna beam is controlled by the amplitude and phase of the internal RF unit during the antenna design.

l

Manual Electrical Tilt (MET): the manual control of the tilt of the antenna beam is implemented by the rotating handset at the bottom of the antenna or the movement of the manual controlled phase shifter.

l

Remote Electrical Tilt (RET): the remote and electrical control of the tilt is implemented by the movement of the precise phase shifter engineered by the external or internal micro servo system.

Antenna Azimuth The antenna azimuth is the angle between the axes of the antenna paraboloid and the north pole. A precise azimuth ensures that the actual coverage effect meets the expectation and ensures the quality of the overall network operation. The azimuth can be adjusted according to the traffic or network planning changes to realize the optimization of the existing mobile communication network. The compass is used during the adjustment of the antenna azimuth. Rotate the antenna gently to adjust the antenna azimuth to meet the design specifications.

2.2 Feeders and Jumpers The feeder and jumper connect the antenna and base station equipment. They effectively (with the least signal loss) transmit the signals received from the antenna to the input terminal of the receiver or transmit the signals sent from t he transmitter to the input terminal of the antenna for transmitting. 2-4


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Specifications of Feeders and Jumpers l

The feeder is used for long distance cabling because of its high hardness and little signal loss. There are two specifications of feeders: 7/8" and 5/4". The feeder is selected according to the distance between the antenna and the base station.

l

The jumper is used for short-distance connection because of its softness and comparably large signal loss. Usually, the length of the jumper is fixed and the 1/2" jumper is used.

Appearance of Feeders and Jumpers Figure 2-3shows the appearance of feeders and jumpers. Figure 2-3 Appearance of feeders and jumpers

2.3 RCU The Remote Control Unit (RCU) is the motor drive of the phase shifter inside the electrical antenna. It receives and runs the control commands from the base station and drives the stepper motor. The stepper motor drives the phase shifter inside the antenna device, and the phase shifter adjusts the antenna tilt. Interface RS485 functions as the control interface of the RCU.

Appearance of the RCU Figure 2-4 shows the appearance of the RCU. Figure 2-4 Appearance of the RCU

(1) Nut: used to connect the antenna interface. (2) Female AISG connector (8-core interface): used for cascading electrical antennas. (3) Male AISG connector (8-core interface): used for connecting the signal cable of the electrical antenna.

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CAUTION l

Use electrical antennas and RCUs of the same vendors because electrical antennas and RCUs of different vendors are incompatible.

2.4 BT The Bias Tee (BT) is the passive component that couples RF signals or OOK signals with feeder signals. The BT is installed on the base station side.

Appearance of the BT Figure 2-5 shows the appearance of the BT. Figure 2-5 Appearance of the BT

(1) SMA connector

(2) 7/16 DIN-type male connector

(3) Grounding terminal

(4) 7/16 DIN-type female connector

2.5 SBT The Smart Bias-Tee (SBT) provides DC power supply and control commands through the feeder for the RCU. The SBT is installed on the RET antenna side.

Functions of the SBT The SBT provides the following functions: l

The SBT converts the control commands that are modulated with OOK by the feeder into the RS485 signals and transfers the signals to the RCU.

l

The SBT converts the RS485 signals from the RCU into OOK signals and transfers the signals to the feeder.

l

The SBT divides and sends the RF signals and control signals from the feeder to the antenna and the RCU.

l

The SBT transmits the direct current from the feeder to the RCU.

Appearance of the SBT Figure 2-6 shows the appearance of the SBT. 2-6


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Figure 2-6 Appearance of the SBT

(1) 7/16 DIN-type female connector, which connects to the jumper

(2) Female AISG connector

(3) 7/16 DIN-type male connector, which connects to the antenna


2.6 TMA A Tower Mounted Amplifier (TMA) is a low-noise amplifier module that is installed on the tower. It amplifies the weak signals received from the antenna to increase the receiver sensitivity of the base station system, enlarge the UL coverage area, and effectively reduce the transmit power of user equipment (UE).

Categories of TMAs TMAs can be categorized into single-TMAs and dual-TMAs. Functionally, a dual-TMA equals to two single-TMAs. Physically, it consists of two single TMAs. l

Single-TMA: used for base stations that use omni-directional antennas or single-polarized antennas.

l

Dual-TMA: used for base stations that use dual-polarized antennas.

Appearance of the TMA Figure 2-7 shows the appearance of the dual-TMA.

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Figure 2-7 Appearance of the dual-TMA

(1) 7/16 DIN-type female connector, which connects to the jumper on the antenna side

(2) 7/16 DIN-type female connector, which connects to the feeder on the base station side


NOTE

Connect interface ANT 0 to interface NodeB 0 and connect interface ANT 1 to interface NodeB 1. Do not cross connect feeders.

2.7 STMA The Smart Tower Mounted Amplifier (STMA) is a TMA that provides the AISG interface function.

Functions of the STMA The STMA provides the following functions: l

The STMA converts the OOK signals from the feeder into RS485 signals and outputs the signals to the RCU.

l

The STMA converts the RS485 signals from the RCU into OOK signals and outputs the signals to the feeder.

l

The STMA transfers the DC power from the feeder to the RCU.

Appearance of the STMA Figure 2-8 shows the appearance of the STMA.

2-8


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Figure 2-8 Appearance of the STMA

(1) ANT 0 (7/16 DIN-type female connector, which connects to the jumper on the antenna side)

(2) ANT 1 (7/16 DIN-type female connector, which connects to the jumper on the antenna side)

(3) NodeB 0 (7/16 DIN-type female connector, which (4) ANT 0 (7/16 DIN-type female connector, which connects to the feeder on the base station side) connects to the feeder on the base station side) (5) Female AISG connector (8-core interface, used for (6) Grounding terminal connecting the AISG control cable)

NOTE

Connect interface ANT 0 to interface NodeB 0 and connect interface ANT 1 to interface NodeB 1. Do not cross connect feeders.

2.8 SASA The Same-Band Antenna Sharing Adapter (SASA) can be used in the GSM system for combining the transmit carriers of original two antennas into those of one antenna without affecting the performance of the GSM network. The SASA is the important component for the solution of 2G/3G intra-frequency and antenna-and-feeder-system sharing.

Appearance of the SASA Figure 2-9 shows the appearance of the SASA.

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Figure 2-9 Appearance of the SASA

(1) ANT-M (7/16 DIN-type male connector, which connects to the jumper on the SASU BS_M port) (2) ANT-D (7/16 DIN-type male connector, which connects to the jumper on the SASU BS_D port) (3) GSM-M (7/16 DIN-type male connector, which connects to the jumper on the main receiving port of the GSM base station) (4) GSM-D (7/16 DIN-type male connector, which connects to the jumper on the diversity receiving port of the GSM base station)

2.9 SASU The Same-band Antenna Sharing Unit (SASU) can be used for combining two paths of intrafrequency signals of different systems into one path of signals. In addition, the SASU features low insertion loss.

Appearance of the SASU Figure 2-10 shows the appearance of the SASU.

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Figure 2-10 Appearance of the SASU900

(1) BS_D (7/16 DIN-type male connector, which connects to the diversity receiving port on the GSM base station side) (2) BS_M (7/16 DIN-type male connector, which connects to the main receiving port on the GSM base station side) (3) ANT_D (7/16 DIN-type male connector, which connects to the jumper on the main receiving port on the antenna side) (4) ANT_M (7/16 DIN-type male connector, which connects to the jumper on the diversity receiving port on the antenna side) (5) AISG_F (female AISG connector, which connects to the RCU of the electrical antenna) (6) UMTS_D (7/16 DIN-type male connector, which connects to the diversity receiving port on the UMTS base station side) (7) UMTS_M (7/16 DIN-type male connector, which connects to the main receiving port on the UMTS base station side)

2.10 Combiner The combiner combines multiple paths of signals into one path of signals.

Categories of Combiners Combiners can be categorized into intra-frequency combiners and inter-frequency combiners. l

Intra-frequency combiner: combines multiple paths of single-frequency signals into one path of single-frequency signals.

l

Inter-frequency combiners: combines multiple paths of multi-frequency signals into one path of multi-frequency signals.

Appearance of the Combiner Figure 2-11 shows the appearance of the combiner. Issue 02 (2008-12-04)


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Figure 2-11 Appearance of the combiner

(1) Input port, 7/16 DIN-type female connector

(2) Output port, 7/16 DIN-type female connector

2.11 Divider The divider is used for dividing the RF signals of the base station, control signals of the electrical antenna, and DC signals into signals over multiple paths, and then transfers these signals to the corresponding antenna and feeder equipment of sectors.

Categories of Dividers Dividers can be categorized into 1-for-2, 1-for-3, and 1-for-4 dividers. The connector type and power of the divider vary according to the type of divider.

Appearance of the Divider Figure 2-12 shows the ap pearance of the 1-for-3 divider. Figure 2-12 Appearance of the 1-for-3 divider

(1) Input port, 7/16 DIN-type female connector (2) Output port, 7/16 DIN-type female connector

2.12 AISG Control Cable The Antenna Interface Standards Group (AISG) control line is used as the signal cable between the RCU and the SBT (or STMA). There are three kinds of the AISG control cables, lengths of which are 0.5 m, 2 m, and 15 m respectively. The AISG control cable connects the RCU and the SBT (or the STMA) through following two types of connectors respectively: 2-12


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l

8-core male AISG connector

l

8-core female AISG connector

Appearance of the AISG Control Cable (0.5 M) Figure 2-13 shows the appearance of the 0.5 m AISG control cable. Figure 2-13 Appearance of the 0.5 m AISG control cable

(1) 8-core male AISG connector, connecting the SBT (2) 8-core female AISG connector, connecting the RCU (or the STMA)

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Antenna System of the Macro Base Station This describes the typical structure of the antenna system of the macro base station. The macro base station features large capacity, large volume, and large power. It is one of the major equipment that provides wireless network coverage and is widely used in various environment, such as in urban areas, suburb areas, and villages and along roads.

Typical Non-Electrical Antenna System of the Macro Base Station Figure 3-1 shows the typical non-electrical antenna system of the macro base station.

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Figure 3-1 Non-electrical antenna system of the macro base station

Typical Electrical Antenna System of the Macro Base Station Figure 3-2 shows the typical electrical antenna system of the macro base station.

3-2


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Figure 3-2 Electrical antenna system of the macro base station

The electrical antenna control can be implemented on the OMC or LMT connected to the BTS through control commands. The base station modulates these commands to OOK signals and outputs the OOK signals together with DC current signals to the BT. The BT couples these signals with signals of feeder 1. After the OOK signals and DC current signals enter the SBT, the DC current signals are directly transferred to the RCU through the control cable between the SBT and the RCU, and OOK signals are modulated by the SBT, converted into RS485 signals, and then output to the RCU.

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4 Antenna System of the RRU

4

Antenna System of the RRU

This describes the typical structure of the antenna system of the distributed base station that is also called the Remote Radio Unit (RRU). The RRU is compact, lightweight, and easy for installation. It enables fast and economical deployment of the wireless network in the area where the equipment room is unavailable or the location of the equipment room is not ideal.

Typical Non-Electrical Antenna System of the RRU Figure 4-1 shows the typical non-electrical antenna system of the RRU. Figure 4-1 Non-electrical antenna system of the RRU

Typical Electrical Antenna System of the RRU Figure 4-2 shows the typical electrical antenna system of the RRU. Issue 02 (2008-12-04)


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4 Antenna System of the RRU


Figure 4-2 Electrical antenna system of the RRU

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5 Sharing the Antenna System

5

Sharing the Antenna System

About This Chapter This describes the sharing of the antenna system where antennas or feeders are shared. Only one suit of antenna system is shared in the same target coverage area. Therefore, the configuration is cost-effective, environmental protective, and high-efficient in site deployment. There are three typical configurations of the shared antenna system: sharing antennas and using independent feeders, using independent antennas and sharing feeders, and sharing antennas and feeders. 5.1 Sharing Antennas and Using Independent Feeders The 3G base station and 2G base station share the antenna system by sharing antennas and using independent f eeders. 5.2 Sharing Feeders and Using Independent Antennas The 3G base station and 2G base station share the antenna system by sharing feeders and using independent antennas. The components of the antenna system vary according to the type of the 3G base station. 5.3 Sharing Antennas and Feeders The 3G base station and 2G base station share the antenna system by sharing antennas and feeders.

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5.1 Sharing Antennas and Using Independent Feeders The 3G base station and 2G base station share the antenna system by sharing antennas and using independent feeders. Suppose that the 3G base station RRU and 2G base station BTS share the antenna system by sharing electrical antennas and using independent feeders. Figure 5-1 shows the configuration of the antenna system. Figure 5-1 3G base station and 2G base station sharing antennas and using independent feeders

More information about the configuration:

5-2

l

Generally, the RRU is installed close to the antenna. For example, both the RRU and the antenna are installed on the roof.

l

Generally, the RRU is connected through the 1/2" jumper to the antenna. In other cases, the RRU is connected through the 5/4" feeder and 1/2" jumper or through the 7/8" feeder and 1/2" jumper to the antenna.

l

The RRU is connected through the AISG control cable to t he RCU.


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5.2 Sharing Feeders and Using Independent Antennas The 3G base station and 2G base station share the antenna system by sharing feeders and using independent antennas. The components of the antenna system vary according to the type of the 3G base station. Suppose that the 3G base station RRU and 2G base station BTS share the antenna system by sharing feeders and using independent electrical antennas. Figure 5-2 shows the configuration of the antenna system.

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Figure 5-2 3G base station and 2G base station sharing feeders and using independent electrical antennas

NOTE l

The BT and SBT must be located on the same feeder. The AISG interface of the SBT is connected through the AISG control cable to the RCU.

5.3 Sharing Antennas and Feeders The 3G base station and 2G base station share the antenna system by sharing antennas and feeders. 5-4


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Suppose that the 3G base station RRU and 2G base station BTS share the antenna system by sharing cascaded electrical antennas and feeders. Figure 5-3 shows the configuration of the antenna system. Figure 5-3 3G base station and 2G base station sharing cascaded electrical antennas and feeders

NOTE l

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The BT and the SBT must be located on the same feeder. The AISG interface of the SBT is connected through the AISG control cable to the RCU.


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6

6 Installation of the Antenna System

Installation of the Antenna System

About This Chapter This describes two typical methods of installing the antenna system. 6.1 Installing the Antenna System on the Tower This describes how to install the antenna system on the tower. 6.2 Installing the Antenna System on the Support on the Roof This describes how to install the antenna system on the support on the roof.

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6 Installation of the Antenna System


6.1 Installing the Antenna System on the Tower This describes how to install the antenna system on the tower. Figure 6-1 shows the installation of the antenna system on the tower. Figure 6-1 Installing the antenna system on the tower

6-2

(1) Lightning rod

(2) Directional antenna (3) Jumper (4) Feeder grounding clip

(5) Feeder fixing clip

(6) Outdoor grounding bar

(7) Feeder window

(10) Safety guards on the tower platform

(8) Feeder (9) Outdoor cabling frame


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00485958-Overview of the Antenna System(02)

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