Viscosity
Contents
V iscosity
SAE J300 Viscosity Grades for Engine Oils ISO Viscosity Grade Conversions Viscosity Ranges for AGMA Lubricant Numbers Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricant Viscosity Classification • SAE Classification • MIL-L-2105E Specification Comparison of Viscosity Classifications Viscosity Equivalents at Same Temperature Two Components Viscosity Blending Chart (cSt) Base Stocks Viscosities Conversion Factors
SAE J300 Viscosity Grades for Engine Oils - December 1999 SAE Viscosity Grade 0W 5W 10W 15W 20W 25W 20 30
Low Temperature (°C) Cranking Viscosity(1), cP Max. 6200 at 6600 at 7000 at 7000 at 9500 at 13000 at -
Low Temperature (°C) Pumping Viscosity(2), cP Max. with No Yield Stress
-35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10
60 60 60 60 60 60
000 at 000 at 000 at 000 at 000 at 000 at -
-40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15
Kinematic Viscosity(3) (cSt) at 100°C Min.
Kinematic Viscosity(3) (cSt) at 100°C Max.
High-Shear Viscosity(4) (cP) at 150°C and 10 6 s-1 Min.
3.8 3.8 4.1 5.6 5.6 9.3 5.6 9.3
< 9.3 < 12.5
2.6 2.9 2.9 (0W-40, 5W-40, and 10W-40 grades)
40
-
-
12.5
< 16.3
40
-
-
12.5
< 16.3
50 60
-
-
16.3 21.9
< 21.9 < 26.1
3.7 (15W-40, 20W-40, 25W-40, 40 grades) 3.7 3.7
All values are critical specifications as defined by ASTM D 3244. 1 cP=1 mPa .s; 1 cSt=1 mm 2s-1 Notes: (1) ASTM D 5293. (2) ASTM D 4684. Note that the presence of any yield stress detectable by this method constitutes a failure regardless of viscosity. (3) ASTM D 445. (4) ASTM D 4683, CEC L-36-A-90 (ASTM D 4741), or ASTM D 5481.
04 /02 - Viscosity
ISO Viscosity Grade Conversions ISO Viscosity Grade
Mid-point Kinematic Viscosity
2 3 5 7 10 15 22 32 46 68 100 150 220 320 460 680 1000 1500
2.2 3.2 4.6 6.8 10 15 22 32 46 68 100 150 220 320 460 680 1000 1500
04 /02 - Viscosity
Kinematic Viscosity Limits cSt at 40°C (104°F) Min.
Max.
1.98 2.88 4.14 6.12 9.00 13.5 19.8 28.8 41.4 61.2 90.0 135 198 288 414 612 900 1350
2.42 3.52 5.06 7.48 11.0 16.5 24.2 35.2 50.6 74.8 110 165 242 352 506 748 1100 1650
ASTM, Saybolt Viscosity Number 32 36 40 50 60 75 105 150 215 315 465 700 1000 1500 2150 3150 4650 7000
Saybolt Viscosity SUS 100°F (37.8°C) Min.
Max.
34.0 36.5 39.9 45.7 55.5 72 96 135 191 280 410 615 900 1310 1880 2800 4100 6100
35.5 38.2 42.7 50.3 62.8 83 115 164 234 345 500 750 1110 1600 2300 3400 5000 7500
ISO Viscosity Grade Conversions ISO Viscosity Grade
Mid-point Kinematic Viscosity
2 3 5 7 10 15 22 32 46 68 100 150 220 320 460 680 1000 1500
2.2 3.2 4.6 6.8 10 15 22 32 46 68 100 150 220 320 460 680 1000 1500
Kinematic Viscosity Limits cSt at 40°C (104°F) Min.
Max.
1.98 2.88 4.14 6.12 9.00 13.5 19.8 28.8 41.4 61.2 90.0 135 198 288 414 612 900 1350
2.42 3.52 5.06 7.48 11.0 16.5 24.2 35.2 50.6 74.8 110 165 242 352 506 748 1100 1650
ASTM, Saybolt Viscosity Number 32 36 40 50 60 75 105 150 215 315 465 700 1000 1500 2150 3150 4650 7000
Saybolt Viscosity SUS 100°F (37.8°C) Min.
Max.
34.0 36.5 39.9 45.7 55.5 72 96 135 191 280 410 615 900 1310 1880 2800 4100 6100
35.5 38.2 42.7 50.3 62.8 83 115 164 234 345 500 750 1110 1600 2300 3400 5000 7500
04 /02 - Viscosity
Viscosity Ranges for AGMA Lubricant Numbers Rust and Oxidation Inhibited Gear Oils
Viscosity Range
AGMA Lubricant No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Compounded 8 Compounded 8A Compounded
cSt (mm2/s) at 40°C 41.4 to 50.6 61.2 to 74.8 90 to 110 135 to 165 198 to 242 288 to 352 414 to 506 612 to 748 900 to 1100
Notes: Viscosity ranges for AGMAL ubricant Numbers will henceforth be identical with those of the ASTM system. Oils compounded with 3% to 10% fatty or synthetic fatty oils.
04 /02 - Viscosity
Equivalent ISO Grade
Extreme Pressure Gear Lubricants AGMA Lubricant No.
46 68 100 150 220 320 460 680 1000
2 EP 3 EP 4 EP 5 EP 6 EP 7 EP 8 EP 8A EP
Viscosity Ranges for AGMA Lubricant Numbers Rust and Oxidation Inhibited Gear Oils
Viscosity Range
AGMA Lubricant No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Compounded 8 Compounded 8A Compounded
cSt (mm2/s) at 40°C 41.4 to 50.6 61.2 to 74.8 90 to 110 135 to 165 198 to 242 288 to 352 414 to 506 612 to 748 900 to 1100
Equivalent ISO Grade
Extreme Pressure Gear Lubricants AGMA Lubricant No.
46 68 100 150 220 320 460 680 1000
2 EP 3 EP 4 EP 5 EP 6 EP 7 EP 8 EP 8A EP
Notes: Viscosity ranges for AGMAL ubricant Numbers will henceforth be identical with those of the ASTM system. Oils compounded with 3% to 10% fatty or synthetic fatty oils.
04 /02 - Viscosity
SAE J306 Automotive Gear Viscosity Classification 70W 2
Viscosity at 100°C min, mm /s max, mm2 /s Viscosity of 150,000 mPa.s, max temp °C 20 hr. KRL Shear (CRC L-45-T-93), KV100 after Shear, mm2 /s
75W
A xle and M anual Transm ission Lub ricant V isc osity C lassification 80W
85W
80
85
90
140
250
7.0 11.0
11.0 13.5
13.5 24.0
24.0 41.0
41.0 No req.
24.0
41.0
4.1
4.1 7.0 No requirement
11.0
-55
-40
-26
-12
4.1
4.1
7.0
11.0
No requirement 7.0
11.0
13.5
MIL-PRF-2105E Specification Viscosity at 100°C min, mm2 /s max, mm2 /s Viscosity of 150,000 mPa.s, max temp °C Channel Point, min, °C Flash Point, min, °C
04/02 - Viscosity
75W
80W-90
85W-140
4.1 -
13.5 24.0
24.0 41.0
-40
-26
-12
-45 150
-35 165
-20 180
SAE J306 Automotive Gear Viscosity Classification 70W 2
Viscosity at 100°C min, mm /s max, mm2 /s Viscosity of 150,000 mPa.s, max temp °C 20 hr. KRL Shear (CRC L-45-T-93), KV100 after Shear, mm2 /s
75W
A xle and M anual Transm ission Lub ricant V isc osity C lassification 80W
85W
80
85
90
140
250
7.0 11.0
11.0 13.5
13.5 24.0
24.0 41.0
41.0 No req.
24.0
41.0
4.1
4.1 7.0 No requirement
11.0
-55
-40
-26
-12
4.1
4.1
7.0
11.0
No requirement 7.0
11.0
13.5
MIL-PRF-2105E Specification 2
Viscosity at 100°C min, mm /s max, mm2 /s Viscosity of 150,000 mPa.s, max temp °C Channel Point, min, °C Flash Point, min, °C
75W
80W-90
85W-140
4.1 -
13.5 24.0
24.0 41.0
-40
-26
-12
-45 150
-35 165
-20 180
04/02 - Viscosity
Comparison of Viscosity Classifications Kinematic Viscosities cSt/ 40°C cSt/ 100°C 2000
70 60
1000 800
50
600 500 400
30
300
40
200 100 80 60 50 40 30 20 10 8 6 5 4 3 2
04/02 - Viscosity
Saybolt Viscosities SUS/ 100°F SUS/ 210°F 10000 8000
300
6000 5000 4000
200
10 9 8 7 6
300 200
5
150
4
100 80 70 60 50
35 32
SAE Grades Gear Oils cSt @ 100°C
AGMA Grades SUS @ 100°F
1500 250 8A 680
8 140 7
320 100 90 80 70
50
150
40
100
60 55
68
50
46
45
32
40
6
220
22
30
90 85W
5 4 3
80W 20
2 1
10W
75W
5W
15 10 7 5
40
SAE Grades Crankcase Oils cSt @ 100°C
460
2000
1000 800 600 500 400
ISO VG cSt @ 40°C
1000
3000
1500 20
A p p roxim ate E q uivalen ts
3 2
Viscosities can be related horizontally only. Viscosities based on 95 VI single grade oils. ISO grades are specified at 40°C. AGMA grades are specified at 100°F. SAE 75W, 80W, 85W, and 5W & 10W specified at low temperature. Equivalent viscosities for 100° & 210°F are shown.
Comparison of Viscosity Classifications Kinematic Viscosities cSt/ 40°C cSt/ 100°C 2000 1000 800 600 500 400 300
Saybolt Viscosities SUS/ 100°F SUS/ 210°F 10000 8000
70 60
6000 5000 4000
50 40
60 50 40 30 20
ISO VG cSt @ 40°C
300
30 20
1000 800 600 500 400
10 9 8 7 6
300 200
5
150
4
100 80 70 60
10 8 6 5 4 3
AGMA Grades SUS @ 100°F
250 8A
200
680
8 140
460
7
320 100 90
6 50
220 150
80 70 60 55
68
50
46
45
32
5 4
85W
30
3 80W
2
20
1 75W
10W
22
40
90
40
100
5W
15 10
Viscosities can be related horizontally only.
7
50
Viscosities based on 95 VI single grade oils.
5 40
ISO grades are specified at 40°C. AGMA grades are specified at 100°F.
3
35
2
SAE Grades Gear Oils cSt @ 100°C
1000
2000 1500
SAE Grades Crankcase Oils cSt @ 100°C
1500
3000
200 100 80
A p p roxim ate E q uivalen ts
SAE 75W, 80W, 85W, and 5W & 10W specified at low temperature.
2
Equivalent viscosities for 100° & 210°F are shown.
32
04/02 - Viscosity
Viscosity Equivalents at Same Temperature
A p p roxim ate E q uivalen ts
Kinematic (Centistokes)
Saybolt Universal (Seconds)
Redwood No.1 (Seconds)
Engler (Degrees)
Saybolt Furol (Seconds)
Redwood No.2 (Seconds)
Kinematic (Centistokes)
Saybolt Universal (Seconds)
Redwood No.1 (Seconds)
Engler (Degrees)
Saybolt Furol (Seconds)
Redwood No.2 (Seconds)
1.8 2.7 4.2 5.8 7.4 8.9 10.3 11.7 13.0 14.3 15.6 16.8 18.1 19.2 20.4 22.8 25.0 27.4 29.6 31.8 34.0 36.0 38.4 40.6 42.8 47.2 51.8 55.9 60.2 64.5 69.9 75.3 80.7 86.1 91.5
32 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 220 240 260 280 300 325 350 375 400 425
30.8 32.2 36.2 40.6 44.9 49.1 53.5 57.9 62.3 67.6 71.0 75.1 79.6 84.2 88.4 97.1 105.9 114.8 123.6 132.4 141.1 150.0 158.8 167.5 176.4 194.0 212 229 247 265 287 309 331 353 375
1.14 1.18 1.32 1.46 1.60 1.75 1.88 2.02 2.15 2.31 2.42 2.55 2.68 2.81 2.95 3.21 3.49 3.77 4.04 4.32 4.59 4.88 5.15 5.44 5.72 6.28 6.85 7.38 7.95 8.51 9.24 9.95 10.70 11.40 12.10
23.0 25.3 27.0 28.7 30.5 32.5 35.0 37.2 39.5 42.0 44.2
-
96.8 102.2 107.6 118.4 129.2 140.3 151 162 173 183 194 205 215 259 302 345 388 432 541 650 758 866 974 1,082 1,190 1,300 1,405 1,515 1,625 1,730 1,840 1,950 2,055 2,165
450 475 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 5,500 6,000 6,500 7,000 7,500 8,000 8,500 9,000 9,500 10,000
397 419 441 485 529 573 617 661 705 749 793 837 882 1,058 1,234 1,411 1,587 1,763 2,204 2,646 3,087 3,526 3,967 4,408 4,849 5,290 5,730 6,171 6,612 7,053 7,494 7,934 8,375 8,816
12.8 13.5 14.2 15.6 17.0 18.5 19.8 21.3 22.7 24.2 25.6 27.0 28.4 34.1 39.8 45.5 51 57 71 85 99 114 128 142 156 170 185 199 213 227 242 256 270 284
47.0 49 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96 100 121 141 160 180 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1,000
104 122 138 153 170 215 255 300 345 390 435 475 515 580 600 645 690 730 770 815 855
04 /02 - Viscosity
Viscosity Equivalents at Same Temperature
A p p roxim ate E q uivalen ts
Kinematic (Centistokes)
Saybolt Universal (Seconds)
Redwood No.1 (Seconds)
Engler (Degrees)
Saybolt Furol (Seconds)
Redwood No.2 (Seconds)
Kinematic (Centistokes)
Saybolt Universal (Seconds)
Redwood No.1 (Seconds)
Engler (Degrees)
Saybolt Furol (Seconds)
Redwood No.2 (Seconds)
1.8 2.7 4.2 5.8 7.4 8.9 10.3 11.7 13.0 14.3 15.6 16.8 18.1 19.2 20.4 22.8 25.0 27.4 29.6 31.8 34.0 36.0 38.4 40.6 42.8 47.2 51.8 55.9 60.2 64.5 69.9 75.3 80.7 86.1 91.5
32 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 220 240 260 280 300 325 350 375 400 425
30.8 32.2 36.2 40.6 44.9 49.1 53.5 57.9 62.3 67.6 71.0 75.1 79.6 84.2 88.4 97.1 105.9 114.8 123.6 132.4 141.1 150.0 158.8 167.5 176.4 194.0 212 229 247 265 287 309 331 353 375
1.14 1.18 1.32 1.46 1.60 1.75 1.88 2.02 2.15 2.31 2.42 2.55 2.68 2.81 2.95 3.21 3.49 3.77 4.04 4.32 4.59 4.88 5.15 5.44 5.72 6.28 6.85 7.38 7.95 8.51 9.24 9.95 10.70 11.40 12.10
23.0 25.3 27.0 28.7 30.5 32.5 35.0 37.2 39.5 42.0 44.2
-
96.8 102.2 107.6 118.4 129.2 140.3 151 162 173 183 194 205 215 259 302 345 388 432 541 650 758 866 974 1,082 1,190 1,300 1,405 1,515 1,625 1,730 1,840 1,950 2,055 2,165
450 475 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 5,500 6,000 6,500 7,000 7,500 8,000 8,500 9,000 9,500 10,000
397 419 441 485 529 573 617 661 705 749 793 837 882 1,058 1,234 1,411 1,587 1,763 2,204 2,646 3,087 3,526 3,967 4,408 4,849 5,290 5,730 6,171 6,612 7,053 7,494 7,934 8,375 8,816
12.8 13.5 14.2 15.6 17.0 18.5 19.8 21.3 22.7 24.2 25.6 27.0 28.4 34.1 39.8 45.5 51 57 71 85 99 114 128 142 156 170 185 199 213 227 242 256 270 284
47.0 49 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96 100 121 141 160 180 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1,000
104 122 138 153 170 215 255 300 345 390 435 475 515 580 600 645 690 730 770 815 855
04 /02 - Viscosity
Two Components Viscosity Blending (cSt)
Component A
0%
V i s c o
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
4000 3000 2000
4000 3000 2000
1500
1500
1000 800 600 500 400
1000 800 600 500 400
300
300
200
200
150
150
100 90 80 70 60
100 90 80 70 60
50
50
V i s c o
Two Components Viscosity Blending (cSt)
Component A
0%
V i s c o s i t y C e n t i s t r o k e s
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
4000 3000 2000
4000 3000 2000
1500
1500
1000 800 600 500 400
1000 800 600 500 400
300
300
200
200
150
150
100 90 80 70 60
100 90 80 70 60
50
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
15
15
10 9.0
10 9.0
8.0
8.0
7.0
7.0
6.0
6.0
5.0
5.0
4.0
4.0
3.0
3.0
2.0
2.0 100%
90%
Component B 04 /02 - Viscosity
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
V i s c o s i t y C e n t i s t r o k e s
A p p roxim ate E q uivalen ts
Base Stocks Viscosities Neutrals 40°C cSt 13.3 15.6 18.0 21.5 30.7 31.6 33.7 34.0 38.5 44.5 56.1 61.3 70.0 70.9 76.0 86.0 98.0 107.0 130.4 141.0 151.0
70N 80N 90N 100N 140N 150N 160N 170N 180N 200N 250N 300N 315N 330N 350N 400N 450N 500N 600N 650N 700N
100°C SUS 70.8 80.3 89.0 104.0 144.0 148.0 158.0 159.0 181.0 204.0 257.0 285.0 315.0 328.0 358.0 398.6 454.0 496.0 604.0 665.0 668.0
cSt 3.0 3.35 3.4 4.0 4.5 4.9 5.2 5.4 5.7 6.2 6.5 7.0 7.9 8.4 8.8 9.8 10.5 11.0 12.1 13.8 14.0
SUS 37.0 37.3 37.5 39.0 41.0 42.4 43.3 44.0 44.9 46.0 47.0 49.0 52.0 53.7 55.0 58.0 61.0 64.0 66.0 71.0 73.0
Brights 40°C cSt 413.2 523.3 568.0 600.0 616.0 654.7 1030.0
135 Brt 145 Brt 150 Brt 160 Brt 175 Brt 185 Brt 225 Brt
100°C SUS 1875.0 2425.0 2632.0 2800.0 2855.0 3034.0 4800.0
cSt 28.6 30.9 33.0 35.2 36.0 37.6 49.3
04 /02 - Viscosity
Conversion Factors
Linear Measurement
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
yd m ft m in cm mile km
= = = = = = = =
0.9144 m 1.0936 yd 0.3048 m 3.28 ft 2.54 cm 0.3937 in 1.6093 km 0.6214 mile
Area Measurement
1 1 1 1
sq sq sq sq
yd m in cm
= = = =
0.8361 sq m 1.1960 sq yd 6.452 sq cm 0.155 sq in
Cubic Measurement
1 1 1 1 1 1
cu cc cu cu cu cu
in
= = = = = =
16.3872 cc 0.0610 cu in 0.02832 cu m 35.314 cu ft 0.7646 cu m 1.3079 cu yd
Volumetric
ft m yd m
1 imp gall
= 4.54596 litre
SUS 135.0 145.0 155.0 166.0 169.7 177.0 229.0
Conversion Factors
Linear Measurement
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
yd m ft m in cm mile km
= = = = = = = =
0.9144 m 1.0936 yd 0.3048 m 3.28 ft 2.54 cm 0.3937 in 1.6093 km 0.6214 mile
Area Measurement
1 1 1 1
sq sq sq sq
yd m in cm
= = = =
0.8361 sq m 1.1960 sq yd 6.452 sq cm 0.155 sq in
Cubic Measurement
1 1 1 1 1 1
cu cc cu cu cu cu
in ft m yd m
= = = = = =
16.3872 cc 0.0610 cu in 0.02832 cu m 35.314 cu ft 0.7646 cu m 1.3079 cu yd
Volumetric Measurement
1 1 1 1
imp gall litre imp gall litre
= = = =
4.54596 litre 0.21998 imp gall 1.201 US gall 1.76 pints
Weight Measurement
1 1 1 1
oz g lb kg
= = = =
28.3495 g 0.03527 oz 453.59 g 2.20462 lbs
Weights per Volume
1 1 1 1
g/litre oz/imp gall g/litre lb/imp gall
= = = =
0.16035 oz/imp gall 6.236 g/litre 0.01002 lb/imp gall 99.8003 g/litre
Temperature Conversions Gravity Conversion Weight/Volume Conversion (for additive blending)
°C °F
= (°F - 32) x 5/9 = (°C x 9/5) + 32
API gravity, deg
= (141.5/sp.gr. @ 60/60°F) - 131.5
% volume of additive
= % weight of additive x density of finished oil density of additive (typical finished oil density = 0.88 g/ml)
04/02
Viscosity
