INDORE PUBLIC SCHOOL EASTERN CAMPUS
PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
VISCOSITY OF FLUIDS Submitted To: M!" No!#i$ %#&$
Submitted B: M&$&' J&i$ C(&!! ))t#
CERTIFICATE T#i! i! to *e+ti, t#&t MANAV JAIN o, *(&!! -I #&! *om.(eted t#e .+o/e*t tit(ed 0VISCOSITY OF FLUIDS1 du+i$2 t#e &*&demi* e&+ 20163)4 to5&+d! .&+ti&( ,u(,i((me$t o, *+edit ,o+ P#!i*! P+&*ti*&( E'&(u& E'&(u&tio tio$ $ o, Ce$t+ Ce$t+&( &( Bo&+d Bo&+d O, Edu*&t Edu*&tio$ io$ 67)8 67)8 &$d !ubmi !ubmi!!i !!io$ o$ !&ti !&ti!, !,&* &*to to+ + +e.o +e.o+t +t &! *om. *om.(e (ete ted d i$ ,o(( ,o((o5 o5i$ i$2 2 .&2e .&2e!! u$de u$de++ m !u.e+'i!io$"
E9&mi$e+! E9&mi$e+! Si2$&tu+e
M+!" Ni!#& S#&+m& ;P+i$*i.&(< M!" No!#i$ =#&$ ;P#!i*! Te&*#e+<
AC%NO>LEDGMENT It i! 5e(( =$o5$ t#&t be#i$d e'e+ !u**e!! t#e+e !t&$d! !ome .e+!o$ ot#e+ t#&$ t#&t #&! !u**e!!" I be(ie'e t#&t 5e #&'e !u**eeded i$ *om. *om.(e (eti tio$ o$ o, m .+o/ .+o/e* e*tt +e.o +e.o+t +t?? but but I &m t#&$ t#&$=, =,u( u( to &(( &(( t#o! t#o!ee .e+!o$! 5#o #&'e di+e*t( o+ i$di+e*t( !u..o+ted &$d #e(.ed me i$ *om.(etio$ o, m .+o/e*t" Fi+!t(? I 5ou(d (i=e to e9.+e!! m 2+&titude &$d !.e*i&( t#&$=! to m te&*#e+ M!" No!#i$ %#&$ &! 5e(( &! ou+ .+i$*i.&( M+!" Ni!#& S#&+m& 5#o 2&'e me t#e 2o(de$ o..o+tu$it to do t#i! 5o$de+,u( .+o/e*t o$ t#e to.i* 'i!*o!it o, ,(uid! 5#i*# &(!o #e(.ed me i$ doi$2 & (ot o, +e!e&+*# &$d I *&me to =$o5 &bout !o m&$ t#i$2!" I &m +e&(( t#&$=,u( to t#em" Se*o$d(? I 5ou(d &(!o (i=e to t#&$= m .&+e$t! &$d ,+ie$d! 5#o #e(.ed me & (ot i$ ,i$i!#i$2 t#i! .+o/e*t 5it#i$ t#e (imited time" A2&i$? t#&$=! & (ot to &(( t#e .eo.(e 5#o #e(.ed me"
PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT Fluid Mechanics Viscosity o En!ine Oils
CONTENTS
CONTENTS............................................................................................................................................ CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................................ INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................... INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... AIM........................................................................................................................................................ AIM APPARATUS REQUIRED.......................................................................................................................... THEORY................................................................................................................................................. THEORY ................................................................................................................................................. PROCEDURE........................................................................................................................................... PROCEDURE OBSERVATIONS....................................................................................................................................... OBSERVATIONS CALCULATIONS....................................................................................................................................... CALCULATIONS CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................................... CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................................... PRECAUTIONS...................................................................................................................................... BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………… BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………… …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… ……………………………………… …………
INTRO"#CTION This proje! is "#o$! %isosi!& o' ($i)s .I* !his proje! I h"%e !"+e* so,e e*-i*e ois /0hih "re *o! reo,,e*)e) 'or " )iese "r1 "*) !es!e) !he, !o 2*) !h"! 0hih o*e o' !he, is #es! s$i!"#e 'or " )iese "r .I h"%e )o*e !his #& !he hep !he e3peri,e*! per'or,e) per'or,e) o* %isosi!& o' ($i)s. I h"%e !"+e* !he 'oo0i*- ois 45 6. MA7 MA7 Go) Go) 89 /'o /'orr #i+ #i+es1 :. Ser% Ser%o o 8T /' /'or #i+ #i+es es11 ;. HP Mi& Mi& T$r# T$r#o o /'or /'or !r$+ !r$+s1 s1 8. C"s!r C"s!ro o A<% A<%e e /'or /'or !r$+ !r$+s1 s1
AIM To compare the viscosity of different engine oils at a given temperature and thereby determine the most effective one for a diesel car.
APPARAT#S 6. Me!re Me!re hi-h= >, >, #ro") #ro") &i*)ri &i*)ri" " -"ss -"ss !$#e !$#e :. Me!r Me!re e s"e s"e "o* "o*-si -si)e )e !$#e !$#e ;. Hi-h Hi-h )e*si! )e*si!& & "r#o* "r#o* s!ee s!ee #" #"ss 8. Sre Sre0 0 -"$-e "$-e >. S!op 0"!h ?. S!ri*@. Asso Assor! r!e) e) e*e*-i* i*e e ois ois
THEORY Why is engine oil used and how does it work? Mo!or oi or e*-i*e oi is $se) 'or $#ri"
How is engine oil rated? Ho0 i! is r"!e)4 E*-i*e ois "* #e ,")e o' si*-$"r po&,ers /si*-e -r")e1 or ,$
891. is !he 0i*!er r"<*0hih sho0s !h"! !he oi h"s #ee* !es!e) !o 0or+ $*)er o) o*)i
What is viscosity? I! is !he proper!& o' " ($i) #& %ir!$e o' 0hih "* i*!er*" resis!"*e resis!"*e o,es i*!o p"& 0he* !he ($i) is i* ,o
Coefficient of viscosity he* iF$i) (o0s o%er " ("! s$r'"e= !he iF$i) "&er i* o*!"! 0i!h !he 23e) s$r'"e )oes *o! ,o%e. Hi-her "&ers ,o%e 'or0"r) 0i!h i*re"si*- %eoi!&. D$e !o re"<%e ,o
Stokes Law I! 0"s sho0* #& S!o+es L"0 !h"! i' " s," sphere o' r")i$s r #e ,o%i*- 0i!h " !er,i*" % !hro$-h "* i*2*i!e ho,o-e*eo$s "*) i*o,pressi#e i*o,pressi#e ($i) o' oeie*! o' %isosi!& = i! e3perie*es " 'ore -i%e* #&= ?K ?Kr% r%
/Thi /Thiss re re"< "
Terminal Velocity This is !he ,"3i,$, %eoi!& "F$ire) #& !he #o)& '"i*- 'ree& i* " %iso$s ,e)i$,. Co*si)er " s," sphere o' r")i$s /r1 "*) )e*si!& /1 '"i*- 'ree& i* " %iso$s ,e)i$, /oeie*! /oeie*! o' %isosi!& "*) )e*si!& 1. To!" )o0*0"r) 'ore ei-h! o' sphere $p5!hr$s! ; /8J;1 K r / 1 ;
This is eF$" !o !he $p0"r) 'ore o' %isosi!& ?Kr% ∴ ?Kr% /8J;1 K r / 1 -
PROCE"#RE 6. >9 , o' !he !he oi 0"s 0"s 0ei-he) 0ei-he) "*) !he !he )e*si!& )e*si!& 0"s 0"s 'o$*) 'o$*) o$! :. The j"r 0"s 0"s e"*e) e"*e) "*) 2e) 2e) 0i!h 0i!h !he ,o!or ,o!or oi $p !o " @ , />9 />9 ,1 ,"r+er. ;. T0o T0o oops o' s!ri*s!ri*- 0ere 0ere 9 >9 , "p"r!4 o*e "! ?> , "*) !he o!her "! 6> ,. 8. A hi-h )e*si!& )e*si!& "r#o* "r#o* s!ee s!ee sho! sho! 0"s ,e"s$r ,e"s$re) e) "*) 0ei-he 0ei-he) ) !o )e!er,i*e i!s )e*si!& >. The "r#o* "r#o* s!ee s!ee sho! sho! 0"s 0"s )roppe) )roppe) i*! i*!o o !he iF$i) iF$i) ?. The <,er 0"s s!"r!e) s!"r!e) 0he* !he sho! sho! re"he) !he 2rs! 2rs! s!ri*s!ri*- /"! !er,i*" !er,i*" %eoi!&1 "*) s!oppe) 0he* i! re"he) !he seo*) o*e. @. Three re")i*-s re")i*-s 0ere 0ere !"+e* !"+e* 'or e"h e*-i*e oi "*) !he o#ser%"
O$SERVATIONS R")i$s o' "r#o* s!ee #" 6.9>,, /r1 ;
De*si!& o' "r#o* s!ee #" >8.8> +-J, /1 ;
;
De*si!& o' " ois 9.8 -J, - J, 89 +-J, /1 o
A,#ie*! !e,per"!$re :> Time Taken in Diferent Oils OIL NAME MA7 Go) 89 Ser%o 8T HP Mi& T$r#o C"s!ro A<%e
T6 ; .> 6 ; .9 6 : . ? ; .6
TIME /seo*)s1 T: ; .; > ; .9 ? : .? ? ; .9 6
T; ; .8 6 ; .9 ; : .@ 6 ; .9
AVERAGE TIME ;.8: ;.9; :.@8 ;.9?
Terminal Velocity in Diferent Oils OIL NAME MA7 Go) 89 Ser%o 8T HP Mi& T$r#o C"s!ro A<%e
Ter,i*" %eoi!& 9.>,J"%er"-e <,e
TERMINAL VELOCITY /MJS1 9.68? 9.6?> 9.6: 9.6;@
CA%C#%ATIONS ;
?Kr% /8J;1 K r / 1 :
:r / 1 - J %
MAK Gold 40 5; :
η
: /6.369 1 />8.8> 5 9.81 . J / 9.68?1
η
9.9:>86 +-J,s
Servo 4T 5; :
η
: /6.369 1 />8.8> 5 9.81 . J / 9.6?>1
η
9.9:?68 +-J,s
HP Milcy Turo 5; :
η
: /6.369 1 />8.8> 5 9.81 . J / 9.6:1
η
9.9:;? +-J,s
!astrol Ac"ve 5; :
η
: /6.369 1 />8.8> 5 9.81 . J / 9.6;@1
η
9.9;68: +-J,s
There "re " 0i)e r"*-e o' '"!ors !h"! ,$s! #e !"+e* i*!o o*si)er"
SAE 89 r"<*-= #$! !he& h"%e )iere*! %isosi
The Coeie*! o' Ther," E3p"*sio* o' i-h! )iese oi is 9.999>. Ass$,i*- !his %"$e !o #e eF$" !o !he oeie*! o' !her," e3p"*sio* o' o$r e*-i*e ois= 0e h"%e pos!$"!e) !h"! 0e "* "$"!e !he +i*e,"< %isosi!& "! "*& -i%e* !e,per"!$re. Ass$,i*- !he e3po*e*<" ,o)e 'or "$"
I* or)er !o "$"!e !he +i*e,"< %isosi!& r"
Oil +ame MA7 Go) 89 Ser%o 8T HP Mi& T$r#o C"s!ro A<%e
!oe)cient o* Viscosity 9.9:>86 9.9:?68 9.9:;? 9.9;68:
Density :9 89 :9 89
Kinema"c
Kinema"c
Viscosity ,m .s/ 9.999;> 9.999;66 9.999: 9.999;@8
Viscosity ,cSt/ ;> ;66 : ;@8
9
C"$"<*- !he +i*e,"< %isosi!& "! 699 C 4 5#T
/T1 9 e
5#T
9 /T1 J e
5#T
/6991 //T1 J e
5#/;@;1
1e
/Use) !o "$"!e !he %"$e o' !he o*s!"*! Z# i* !he eF$"
5#/;@;1
e
5#T
J e
+
/o* /o*s! s!"* "*!! "! "! " -i%e -i%e* * !e, !e,pe perr"!$r "!$re e T1 T1
5#T
V/T1 J V/6991 9 e
J /!1 J [9 e
5#/;@;1
\ J [/!1 J 6 W / 699
T 1 \ /C"*ei*- 9 "*) /T1 'ro, !he eF$"
V/T1 J V/6991 6 J + [6 W / 699 T 1 \ V/6991 J V/T1 + 6 W / 699 T 1 or
5#/;@;1
V/6991 J V/T1 e
5#T
J e
6 W / 699 T 1
/This is " h&po!hesise) re"
CONC%#SION 5#/;@;1
V/6991 J V/T1 e
5#T
J e
6 W / 699 T 1
This eF$"
i!h " dynamic viscosity o* 00-123 K'.m "*) " kinema"c viscosity o* -3 cSt5 HP Milcy Turo is !he i)e" e*-i*e oi.
PRECA#TIONS
TIME SHO#%" $E C%AC#%ATE" CAREF#%%Y THE "ENSITY OF CAR$ON STEE% SHOT SHO#%" $E MORE THAN THE %I&#I"S THE JAR SHO#%" $E C%EANE" NICE%Y REA"INGS SHO#%" $E TA'EN CAREF#%%Y
$I$%IOGRAPHY 1. 2. 3. 4. ". #. $.
D"J" T+itto$: Physical T+itto$: Physical Fluid Dynamics Dynamics G"%" B&t*#e(o+: Intr B&t*#e(o+: Introduction oduction to Fluid Dynamics Dynamics S" C#&$d+&!e=#&+: Hydr C#&$d+&!e=#&+: Hydrodynam odynamics ics and Hydrom Hydromagnetic agnetic Stability Stability Se2e(: Mathema Se2e(: Mathematics tics Alied Alied to !ontinuum !ontinuum Mechanics Mechanics Do'e H"C"Ve+m&: I$t+odu*tio$ to .#!i*! 555"5i=i.edi&"o+2 555"2oo2(e"*om
